CN114361774B - Ultra-wideband antenna - Google Patents
Ultra-wideband antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN114361774B CN114361774B CN202110450979.2A CN202110450979A CN114361774B CN 114361774 B CN114361774 B CN 114361774B CN 202110450979 A CN202110450979 A CN 202110450979A CN 114361774 B CN114361774 B CN 114361774B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Abstract
The invention discloses an ultra-wideband antenna, comprising: the antenna comprises a first radiator, an impedance element, a second radiator and a first antenna circuit board, wherein the first radiator is connected with a first end of the second radiator through the impedance element, and the impedance of the impedance element is in direct proportion to frequency; the second end of the second radiator is connected with the first antenna circuit board, the first radiator and the second radiator are in a working state under the low-frequency signal, the first radiator is in a cut-off state under the action of the impedance element under the high-frequency signal, and the second radiator is in a working state. The length of the radiator is changed by the impedance element under different frequency signals, so that the situation of fission on the directional diagram is avoided, the energy loss in the horizontal direction is prevented, and the radiation efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of antennas, in particular to an ultra-wideband antenna.
Background
The ultrashort wave frequency is generally two frequency bands, including a single 30-88MHz and a single 225-678MHz, but currently, the ultrashort wave frequency is adjusted to 30-678MHz, so that the bandwidth of the antenna reaches 22 octaves, the length of a radiator of the antenna reaches 1.2m, and compared with the length of the radiator of the frequency band above 150MHz, the radiator is far longer than lambda/2, namely, the antenna has an ultra-high 3 octaves, and then the pattern can generate fission, so that the energy loss in the horizontal direction is caused, and the radiation efficiency of the antenna is reduced.
Therefore, there is a need for an ultra-wideband antenna that avoids the occurrence of fission of the ultra-wideband antenna in the direction diagram, prevents the energy loss of the ultra-wideband antenna in the horizontal direction, and improves the radiation efficiency of the ultra-wideband antenna.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides an ultra-wideband antenna, which can avoid the situation that the ultra-short wave antenna is fissile in a direction diagram, prevent the energy loss of the ultra-wideband antenna in the horizontal direction and improve the radiation efficiency of the ultra-wideband antenna.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an ultra-wideband antenna, including a first radiator, an impedance element, a second radiator, and a first antenna circuit board;
the first radiator is connected with the first end of the second radiator through the impedance element; the impedance of the impedance element is proportional to frequency;
the second end of the second radiator is connected with the first antenna circuit board;
under a low-frequency signal, the first radiator and the second radiator are in a working state; under the high-frequency signal, the first radiator is in a cut-off state under the action of the impedance element, and the second radiator is in a working state.
The embodiment of the invention comprises two sections of radiators, namely a first radiator and a second radiator, wherein the first radiator and the second radiator are connected through the impedance element, the impedance of the impedance element is in direct proportion to the frequency and is used for changing the current distribution, and when the ultra-wideband antenna works with low frequency signals, the impedance of the impedance element is small due to low frequency, so that the current distribution of the first radiator and the second radiator is not changed, namely, the first radiator and the second radiator have current, which is equivalent to one radiator, and the first radiator and the second radiator can be in a working state.
When the ultra-wideband antenna works on high-frequency signals, the impedance element has large impedance due to high frequency, so that the current distribution of the first radiator and the second radiator is changed, namely the impedance element is equivalent to open circuit, so that the first radiator has current, the second radiator has no current, and the first radiator is equivalent to the radiator of the ultra-wideband antenna, thereby shortening the length of the radiator of the ultra-wideband antenna when the ultra-wideband antenna works on high-frequency signals, avoiding the situation that the ultra-wideband antenna is fissionable on a directional diagram, preventing the energy loss of the ultra-wideband antenna in the horizontal direction, and improving the radiation efficiency of the ultra-wideband antenna.
Optionally, the second end of the second radiator is connected to the first antenna circuit board through a transmission line transformer.
In the embodiment of the invention, the transmission line transformer is used for improving the signal transmission efficiency of the ultra-wideband antenna when the ultra-wideband antenna works on high-frequency signals.
Optionally, the first radiator is a non-bendable metal strip; the second radiator is a gooseneck type metal strip.
In the embodiment of the invention, the gooseneck metal strip can perform functions of bending, rotating and the like so as to increase the flexibility of the first radiator.
Optionally, the impedance element is an air core inductor.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a composite antenna, including the ultra-wideband antenna and the navigation antenna described in the first aspect;
the ultra-wideband antenna and the navigation antenna are arranged in an up-down lamination mode.
In the embodiment of the invention, the ultra-wideband antenna and the navigation antenna are arranged in an up-down lamination manner, which is equivalent to an integrated antenna, so that the installation hole sites are reduced in installation, and the miniaturization of communication equipment is improved.
Optionally, the navigation antenna comprises a third radiator, a second antenna circuit board and a low noise amplifier circuit board which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom;
the ultra-wideband antenna is connected with the double-core connector through the central hole of the second antenna circuit board by a first transmission line;
the second antenna circuit board is connected with the low noise amplifier circuit board through a second transmission line, and the low noise amplifier circuit board is connected with the double-core connector.
In the embodiment of the invention, the ultra-wideband antenna is connected with the double-core connector through the first transmission line and the central hole of the second antenna circuit board, so that the radiation influence of the first transmission line on the navigation antenna is reduced, satellite signals are amplified through the low-noise amplifier circuit board, and the radiation efficiency of the navigation antenna is improved. And the ultra-wideband antenna and the navigation antenna in the composite antenna are fed through the connection of the double-core connector, so that the miniaturization of the communication equipment is improved.
Optionally, the second antenna circuit board is disposed perpendicular to the low noise amplifier circuit board.
In the embodiment of the invention, the second antenna circuit board is arranged vertically to the low noise amplifier circuit board, so that the structural firmness of the navigation antenna can be improved.
Optionally, the third radiator comprises four spiral arms;
the spiral arm comprises a main radiator and a secondary radiator, and the shape of the main radiator and the shape of the secondary radiator are gradually narrowed from top to bottom.
In the embodiment of the invention, the spiral arm comprises the main radiator and the auxiliary radiator to realize the multifrequency of the navigation antenna, so that the navigation antenna can meet the working conditions under different frequency bands. Because the shape of the main radiator and the shape of the auxiliary radiator are gradually narrowed from top to bottom, the working bandwidth of the antenna can be widened, the height of the navigation antenna is reduced, and the height of the composite antenna is further shortened.
Optionally, the second antenna circuit board is provided with three power divider phase shifters and one lambda/4 microstrip line.
In the embodiment of the invention, the lambda/4 microstrip line is equivalent to a phase shifter and is used for shifting the phase, so that the four spiral arms realize certain phase change, and further, the circular polarization of the navigation antenna is realized.
Optionally, the ultra-wideband antenna is an omni-directional monopole antenna;
the antenna diameter of the ultra-wideband antenna is smaller than the antenna diameter of the navigation antenna.
In the embodiment of the invention, the antenna diameter of the ultra-wideband antenna is smaller than the antenna diameter of the navigation antenna, so that the radiation influence of the first transmission line of the ultra-wideband antenna on the navigation antenna is reduced, and the radiation efficiency of the navigation antenna is increased.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an ultra wideband antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a composite antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a navigation antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view of a spiral arm according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a low noise amplifier circuit board according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a second antenna circuit board according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a feed network of a phase shifter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a diagram of a frequency at 225MHz according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a diagram of a frequency at 512MHz according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a diagram of a frequency at 678MHz according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The antenna is used as a terminal signal receiving device of the satellite navigation positioning system, and the performance of the antenna directly influences the working state of the whole system. Antennas include a variety of structures such as microstrip structures, quadrifilar helix structures, monopole structures, and the like.
The traditional satellite navigation terminal antenna usually adopts a microstrip structure, has the advantages of low section, easy conformal with a carrier, easy realization of circular polarization and the like, but also has the disadvantages of low elevation gain, large horizontal dimension and the like. The helical antenna is an antenna type completely different from a microstrip structure, has the advantages of light weight, low cost, good low elevation gain and the like compared with the microstrip antenna, and has application in the equipment such as a handset, an unmanned aerial vehicle, a missile and the like.
The quadrifilar helix antenna employs a quadrifilar helix structure which has good axial ratio performance, a heart shaped pattern, a uniform amplitude response, and a sharp attenuation at the elevation cut-off angle, reducing multipath interference from the ionosphere, troposphere and platform environment.
In military operations, in order to meet the requirement of accurate striking in military, a high-precision satellite navigation antenna is required to be equipped with handheld communication equipment. While there are two common forms of high-precision satellite navigation antennas, one is a four-feed microstrip antenna and the other is a four-arm helical antenna.
The four-arm spiral antenna consists of four spiral arms, each spiral arm is integral multiple of one quarter wavelength, the current amplitude of the feed ends of the four spiral arms is equal, and the phases are different by 90 degrees in sequence. And the four-arm spiral antenna adopts a flexible circuit board to load a medium to form a miniaturized four-arm spiral antenna, and 90-degree phase shift is realized by adopting a four-way power dividing phase shifter.
Since the 90 s of the 20 th century, new equipment in the field of military communications has emerged endlessly, and single soldier radio (individual soldier radio) is outstanding. An individual radio station generally refers to a radio communication device that operates in the ultra-short wave band, i.e., VHF (Very high frequency )/UHF (Ultra High Frequency, ultra-high frequency) band, with an operating wavelength of 10 to 0.1 meters (frequency of 30 to 3000 megahertz). The relay station, the scatterer, the meteor trail communication equipment and the like which work in the wave band are generally all ultrashort wave radio stations.
However, in general, an ultrashort wave radio station refers to a walkie-talkie, portable, vehicle-mounted (or airborne or carrier-borne) radio station transmitting with ground wave or space wave line-of-sight. It mainly consists of transceiver, antenna and power supply. The ultra-short wave radio station can adopt modulation systems such as amplitude modulation, frequency modulation, single sideband and the like, and is mainly made of frequency modulation, and the anti-interference performance of the ultra-short wave radio station is superior to that of the amplitude modulation system and the single sideband.
However, in the prior art, the ultra-short wave required frequency is adjusted to 30-678MHz from the original single 30-88MHz and single 225-678MHz, the bandwidth of the antenna reaches 22 octaves, the length of the radiator of the antenna reaches 1.2m, and compared with the frequency band above 150MHz, the length of the radiator is far more than lambda/2, namely the antenna has the fission after 3 octaves, wherein lambda is the wavelength. The pattern after this band is thus fissionable, resulting in energy losses in the horizontal direction, reducing the radiation efficiency of the antenna.
In the prior art, the satellite navigation antenna and the ultrashort wave antenna are independent antennas, two independent products are arranged to increase the installation hole position of a radio station, miniaturization of the radio station is not facilitated, and meanwhile, the radio station antenna and the multispot multifrequency navigation antenna are arranged side by side, so that influence of the short wave antenna on the navigation antenna is increased.
Therefore, there is a need for an ultra-wideband antenna that allows the fissile frequency point to move to a low frequency to improve the directivity of high frequencies, avoid energy loss, and increase the radiation efficiency of the antenna. There is also a need for a composite antenna including an ultra wideband antenna and a multi-star multi-frequency navigation antenna. The spiral arms are designed by adopting a gradual change type design scheme to shorten the height of the composite antenna, and each spiral arm further comprises a main radiator and an auxiliary radiator to realize multifrequency of the composite antenna, widen the bandwidth of the composite antenna and improve the low elevation gain.
The split frequency point is shifted to a low frequency by inductive loading, so that the directivity of a high frequency is improved.
Fig. 1 schematically illustrates a structure of an ultra-wideband antenna, which includes a first radiator 101, an impedance element 102, a second radiator 103, and a first antenna circuit board 104, to which an embodiment of the present invention is applied.
Wherein the first radiator 101 is connected to the first end of the second radiator 103 via an impedance element 102, the impedance of the impedance element 104 being proportional to the frequency.
The second end of the second radiator 103 is connected to the first antenna circuit board 101, so that the first radiator 101 and the second radiator 103 are in an operating state under a low frequency signal, and the first radiator 101 is in a cut-off state under the action of the impedance element 102 under a high frequency signal, and the second radiator 103 is in an operating state.
Illustratively, to increase the abrasion resistance and corrosion resistance of the ultra-wideband antenna, it is protected, and in one embodiment, the ultra-wideband antenna is coated with an abrasion and corrosion resistant coating. In the embodiment of the invention, one end of the first radiator 101 connected with the impedance element 102 is wrapped and protected by the upper housing 105, the other end of the first radiator 101 not connected with the impedance element 102 is wrapped and protected by the antenna cap 106, and a heat shrink sleeve or a wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant coating is arranged on the surface of the first radiator 101, wherein the upper housing 105 and the antenna cap 106 are made of wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant materials.
In order to prevent the first radiator 101 from being connected with the impedance element 102 unstably and from breaking or being separated, the first radiator 101 and the impedance element 102 are fixed and connected, thereby increasing the stability.
In one embodiment, the first radiator 101 and the impedance element 102 are fixed by an adhesive. In another embodiment, the first radiator 101 and the impedance element 102 are fixed by a fixing member.
In the implementation of the present invention, the first radiator 101 is fixed by the first fixing structure 107 disposed in the upper housing 105, and the impedance element 102 is fixed by the groove or the second fixing structure disposed in the upper housing 105, that is, the first radiator 101 and the impedance element 102 are respectively fixed, so as to increase the stability of the first radiator and the impedance element, and then the impedance element 102 is connected with the first fixing structure 107, so that the first radiator 101 and the impedance element 102 are indirectly connected, and the situation that the first radiator 101 and the impedance element 102 are broken or separated is prevented. It should be noted that the first fixing structure 107 may be a hollow structure, so as to directly connect the first radiator 101 and the impedance element 102.
To increase the flexibility of the ultra wideband antenna, further, the first radiator 101 is a non-bendable metal strip, and the second radiator 103 is a gooseneck metal strip. The second radiator 103 is made of wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant materials, and the gooseneck metal strip can be a coiled pipe or the like and can perform functions of bending, rotating and the like.
The shape and function of the radiator are not limited herein, and may be changed according to the usage scenario, for example, the first radiator 101 and the second radiator 103 are both gooseneck metal strips or are both non-bendable metal strips, or the second radiator 103 is a non-bendable metal strip, and the first radiator 101 is a gooseneck metal strip.
In order to better increase the shaping ability, i.e., the shaping effect, of the second radiator 103, in one embodiment, the metal material of the second radiator 103 is changed, for example, a high-temperature deformable material, a low-temperature non-deformable material, or the like is used. In another embodiment, a bendable metal strip 1031, such as a metal strip of aluminum or silver, is added to the interior of the second radiator 103.
The connection between the second radiator 103 and the first radiator 101 is fixed through an upper connecting piece 108 arranged on the upper housing 105, which is equivalent to that one end of the impedance element 102 is connected with the first fixing structure 107, so that the impedance element 102 is connected with the first radiator 101, the other end of the impedance element 102 is connected with the upper connecting piece 108, the impedance element 102 is connected with the second radiator 103, and then the connection between the first radiator 101 and the second radiator 103 is indirectly realized.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the current distribution on the radiator can be changed by the impedance element 102, so that the current of the upper part of the ultra-wideband antenna has traveling wave distribution, the reflected current is reduced, the wideband characteristic is optimized, and the radiator length of the ultra-wideband antenna is changed according to the frequency change.
In one embodiment, the impedance element 102 may be a solid inductor, and in another embodiment, the impedance element 102 is a hollow inductor. The inductance belongs to an energy storage element, the inductance is fixed, and the reactance and the frequency are in a direct proportion, so that when the low-frequency signal works, the impedance of the impedance element 102 is low, the whole current of the ultra-wideband antenna is continuously distributed, and the effective radiator comprises a first radiator 101, the impedance element 102 and a second radiator 103. When the impedance of the impedance element 102 increases during operation of the high frequency signal, the impedance element 102 is cut off when the impedance increases to infinity, and the effective radiator for the ultra wideband antenna only includes the impedance element 102 and the second radiator 103. Thereby preventing pattern fission at high frequencies and increasing the bandwidth of the antenna.
The difference between the solid inductor and the air core inductor is that a central skeleton exists or not, and the inductance of the air core inductor is larger than that of the solid inductor, in the embodiment of the invention, the air core inductor is obtained by winding 6 circles on a jig with the diameter of 8mm through enameled wires with the diameter of 1mm at intervals of 1 mm. The diameter of the enamelled wire, the diameter of the jig and the number of winding turns can be set according to technicians, and the enamelled wire is not particularly limited.
Further, in the embodiment of the present invention, the second end of the second radiator 103 is connected to the first antenna circuit board 104 through the transmission line transformer 109. In order to protect the safety of the first antenna circuit board 104, the lower casing 110 is used for packaging protection, that is, the first antenna circuit board 104 is disposed inside the lower casing 110.
Specifically, the second radiator 103 is fixedly connected through the lower housing 110. Wherein the housing 110 is provided with a lower connection member 111, the lower connection member 111 is fixedly connected with the second end of the second radiator 103, and the bendable metal strip 1031 in the second radiator 103 is fixed according to a groove or connection member provided in the housing 110.
The first antenna circuit board 104 is connected with a lantern head 112 through a transmission line transformer 109, the lantern head 112 is used for transmitting signals, the lantern head 112 is connected with a lower connecting piece 111, and then the indirect lantern head 112 is connected with the second radiator 103, so that the second radiator 103 is connected with the first antenna circuit board 104.
In order to optimize miniaturization of the communication device, fig. 2 schematically illustrates a structure of a composite antenna, which includes the above-mentioned ultra-wideband antenna and the navigation antenna, and the ultra-wideband antenna and the navigation antenna are disposed in a stacked manner.
As shown in fig. 2, the navigation antenna includes a third radiator 201, a second antenna circuit board 202, and a low noise amplifier circuit board 203, which are sequentially disposed from top to bottom;
the ultra wideband antenna is connected to the dual-core connector 300 through the first transmission line 120 via the center hole of the second antenna circuit board 202, the second antenna circuit board 202 is connected to the low noise amplifier circuit board 203 through the second transmission line 220, and the low noise amplifier circuit board 203 is connected to the dual-core connector 300.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the dual-core connector 300 is used for feeding, which is equivalent to feeding the ultra-wideband antenna through the first transmission line 120, feeding the low noise amplifier circuit board 203 through the second transmission line 220, and indirectly feeding the navigation antenna because the low noise amplifier circuit board 203 is fed and connected with the second antenna circuit board 202.
To better illustrate the above structure, fig. 3 schematically illustrates a structure of a navigation antenna, and as shown in fig. 3, the dual-core connector 300 is connected to the low noise amplifier circuit board 203 through the second transmission line 220, because the navigation antenna includes a passive antenna, and therefore, the low noise amplifier circuit board 203 is provided with a passive transmission line 2301, in order to increase the stability of the low noise amplifier circuit board 203, the low noise amplifier circuit board 203 is fixed on the dual-core connector 300 through a plurality of solder pins 310.
Specifically, as can be clearly seen from fig. 3, the second antenna circuit board 202 is disposed perpendicularly to the low noise amplifier circuit board 203.
Further, the third radiator includes four spiral arms 204, where the spiral arms 204 include a main radiator 2041 and a sub radiator 2042, and fig. 4 is a schematic plan view schematically showing a spiral arm, and as shown in fig. 4, the shape of the main radiator 2041 and the shape of the sub radiator 2042 are gradually narrowed from top to bottom. Thereby increasing the bandwidth of the navigation antenna and realizing the multifrequency of the navigation antenna.
To increase the stability of the spiral arm 204, an insulating medium 205 is added, and as shown in fig. 3, the insulating medium 205 may pass through the first transmission line 120, and be disposed at a distance of 1mm from the edge of the second antenna circuit board 202, for example, within the edge of the second antenna circuit board 202, similar to a hollow cylinder shape.
In the embodiment of the present invention, fig. 5 schematically illustrates a low noise amplifier circuit board, fig. 6 schematically illustrates a second antenna circuit board, where fig. 5 a is a front side of the low noise amplifier circuit board 203, fig. 5 b is a back side of the low noise amplifier circuit board 203, fig. 6 a is a back side of the second antenna circuit board 202, and fig. 6 b is a front side of the second antenna circuit board 202.
In connection with fig. 5 and 6, the dual-core connector 300 is illustrated indirectly feeding the navigation antenna through the second transmission line 220. Specifically, the dual-core connector 300 is connected to the input end of the low noise amplifier circuit board 203 through the second transmission line 220, the output end of the low noise amplifier circuit board 203 is connected to the output end of the second antenna circuit board 202 through the third transmission line, that is, one end of the third transmission line is connected to the output end of the low noise amplifier circuit board 203, and the other end of the third transmission line is connected to the output end of the second antenna circuit board 202, so that the dual-core connector 300 indirectly feeds the navigation antenna through the second transmission line 220.
The fixed branch of the low noise amplifier circuit board 203 is connected to the ground terminal of the first antenna circuit board 104 through a node hole, and is connected to the ground terminal of the second antenna circuit board 202, so as to realize common grounding.
The center hole of the second antenna circuit board 202 is used to pass through the first transmission line 120 to reduce the radiation effect of the first transmission line 120 on the navigation antenna.
In order to realize the circular polarization of the navigation antenna and to meet the requirement that the second antenna circuit board 202 has a central hole, the circular polarization is realized by a power division phase shifter, as shown in fig. 6, specifically, the second antenna circuit board 202 is provided with three power division phase shifters 211 and a lambda/4 microstrip line 212.
Further, fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a feed network of a phase shifter, as shown in fig. 7, where the power divider phase shifter 211 is a 3dB phase shifter, and may also be other phase shifters, which is not limited herein.
Specifically, three 3db phase shifters (as shown in fig. 6) are disposed on the second antenna circuit board 202, and the three 3db phase shifters are used for phase changes of 0 °,90 °, 180 °, and 270 ° clockwise of the second antenna, so that right-hand circular polarization of the navigation antenna is realized through the three 3db phase shifters under the condition of saving space. Wherein the 3dB phase shifter itself can achieve a 90 ° phase shift, so the 2-port phase leads the 1-port phase by 90 °. To realize the 4-port 180 DEG and the 3-port 270 DEG, a section of 1/4 lambda phase shifter needs to be introduced, and in the embodiment of the invention, the function of the 1/4 lambda phase shifter is realized through a 1/4 lambda microstrip line, and then the 90 DEG phase shift is realized through the 1/4 lambda microstrip line.
In one implementation, the left-hand circular polarization of the navigation antenna can also be realized according to the phase changes of 0 °,90 °, 180 ° and 270 ° of the three 3db phase shifters.
However, in the current navigation satellite, most of the antennas are right-hand circularly polarized, so in the embodiment of the invention, in order to better receive or transmit the navigation signal, the right-hand circularly polarization of the navigation antenna is realized through the phase changes of 0 degrees, 90 degrees, 180 degrees and 270 degrees clockwise.
In order to demonstrate the effects of the embodiments of the present invention and the prior art, fig. 8 schematically shows a pattern with a frequency of 225MHz, fig. 9 schematically shows a pattern with a frequency of 512MHz, and fig. 10 schematically shows a pattern with a frequency of 678MHz, where the pattern of the embodiments of the present invention is shown by a dotted line and the pattern of the prior art is shown by a solid line, and as can be seen from the figure, in the technical scheme of the embodiments of the present invention, when working at high frequency, the occurrence of fission on the pattern is avoided, the energy loss in the horizontal direction is prevented, and the radiation efficiency is further improved.
In the embodiment of the invention, the transmission line transformer 109 is an autotransformer with a transformation ratio of 4:1, which is formed by winding an enamelled wire with a diameter of 1mm on a single-hole magnetic ring with an outer diameter of 13mm, an inner diameter of 7mm and a height of 5mm, and the standing wave ratio of a matched antenna can be fixed below 3 through the transmission line transformer 109.
In the embodiment of the invention, the upper housing 105 and the lower housing 110 are made of PC+ABS composite materials, and the invention has the advantages of good toughness, high strength, strong impact resistance, good heat resistance and low temperature resistance, good uniformity of finished product size, and small influence on the electrical performance of the antenna due to high wave transmission rate. The upper connector 108 on the upper housing 105 and the lower connector 111 on the lower housing 110 may be formed by connection, for example, the upper housing 105 is sealed to the upper connector 108 by using a type a+b structural adhesive. The glue has short curing time, high sealing performance, high impact resistance, high temperature resistance, low temperature resistance, grease resistance and the like, and is easy to improve the production efficiency.
The connections described in the embodiments of the present invention are generally electrical connections, and may transmit signals, which are not specifically limited herein.
Various modifications and alterations to this application may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims and the equivalents thereof, the present application is intended to cover such modifications and variations.
Claims (10)
1. An ultra-wideband antenna is characterized by comprising a first radiator, an impedance element, a second radiator and a first antenna circuit board;
the first radiator is connected with the first end of the second radiator through the impedance element; the impedance of the impedance element is proportional to frequency; the impedance element corresponds to an open circuit at high frequency signals;
the second end of the second radiator is connected with the first antenna circuit board;
under a low-frequency signal, the first radiator and the second radiator are in a working state; under the high-frequency signal, the first radiator is in a cut-off state under the action of the impedance element, and the second radiator is in a working state.
2. The ultra-wideband antenna of claim 1, wherein the second end of the second radiator is connected to the first antenna circuit board through a transmission line transformer.
3. The ultra-wideband antenna of claim 1, wherein the first radiator is a non-bendable metal strip; the second radiator is a gooseneck type metal strip.
4. An ultra wideband antenna as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the impedance element is an air core inductor.
5. A composite antenna comprising the ultra-wideband antenna of any one of claims 1 to 4 and a navigation antenna;
the ultra-wideband antenna and the navigation antenna are arranged in an up-down lamination mode.
6. The composite antenna of claim 5, wherein the navigation antenna comprises a third radiator, a second antenna circuit board and a low noise amplifier circuit board arranged in sequence from top to bottom;
the ultra-wideband antenna is connected with the double-core connector through the central hole of the second antenna circuit board by a first transmission line;
the second antenna circuit board is connected with the low noise amplifier circuit board through a second transmission line, and the low noise amplifier circuit board is connected with the double-core connector.
7. The composite antenna of claim 6 wherein said second antenna circuit board is disposed perpendicular to said low noise amplifier circuit board.
8. The composite antenna of claim 6 wherein said third radiator comprises four spiral arms;
the spiral arm comprises a main radiator and a secondary radiator, and the shape of the main radiator and the shape of the secondary radiator are gradually narrowed from top to bottom.
9. The composite antenna of claim 6 wherein said second antenna circuit board is provided with three power divider phase shifters and one λ/4 microstrip line.
10. The composite antenna of any one of claims 5 to 9, wherein the ultra-wideband antenna is an omni-directional monopole antenna;
the antenna diameter of the ultra-wideband antenna is smaller than the antenna diameter of the navigation antenna.
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| CN202110450979.2A CN114361774B (en) | 2021-04-26 | 2021-04-26 | Ultra-wideband antenna |
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| CN202110450979.2A CN114361774B (en) | 2021-04-26 | 2021-04-26 | Ultra-wideband antenna |
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| CN114361774B true CN114361774B (en) | 2024-01-05 |
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| CN114361774A (en) | 2022-04-15 |
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