CN114351643A - Combined floating bag type floating breakwater structure connected by steel skeleton - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a combined floating bag type floating breakwater structure connected by steel frameworks, which comprises an upper floating body, a connecting hinge and an anchorage system, wherein the anchorage system comprises an anchor chain and an anchorage block; the upper floating body is provided with a plurality of layers of floating bag rows which are connected through connecting hinges and suspended in a water body and fixed on an anchorage block at the seabed through anchor chains; the floating bag row is formed by connecting a plurality of floating bag bodies in series through rigid rod pieces; the floating bag body is a cylinder with a circular through hole at the center for the rigid rod piece to pass through. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the floating bags form a flexible barrier capable of generating certain displacement on the water surface and a certain depth below the water surface, and the ordered movement of wave water particles is disturbed, so that the wave absorbing effect is achieved, and the requirements of stability and function of the water surface of the area inside the embankment are met; temporary or semi-permanent protection can be carried out under the condition of medium depth water depth, and the wave absorption effect is obvious; the breakwater is light in material, convenient to transport, ecological and environment-friendly, simple and convenient to install and construct on site and low in construction cost.

Description

Combined floating bag type floating breakwater structure connected by steel skeleton

Technical Field

The invention relates to a combined floating bag type floating breakwater structure connected by steel frameworks, belonging to a protective structure in the field of ocean engineering and water transport engineering.

Background

The breakwater is a protective building which is specially used for defending invasion of waves to productive facilities and ensuring the stability of an internal water area and the safety of infrastructure. The traditional breakwater mostly adopts fixed structures such as a slope dike and a vertical dike. Under the circumstances that a protective building often faces various problems such as water depth, large waves, weak geology and the like in some newly developed harbor areas or open sea environments, if a traditional breakwater structure is still adopted, a large amount of sandstone and other materials are consumed, the economic manufacturing cost and the time cost of the protective building structure are greatly improved, and the physical structure and large-scale construction thereof have great adverse effects on the natural environment and marine ecology, so that the research and development of the floating breakwater become an urgent subject for the reasons.

The research on the floating breakwater at home and abroad has been over 100 years of history, and more than 100 floating breakwater or wave barrier concepts have been proposed up to now. The research on the floating breakwater in China is mostly limited to indoor tests in scientific research institutes, and from the 50 s, some floating breakwaters are built in Wuhan, Danjiang estuary reservoirs, Changjiang estuary New rivers and towns and the like, wherein the floating breakwaters built in a frame floating box type structure in the Shanghai Wurime cannon platform Bay ship base are typical 1 case. Among the structural forms of the floating breakwaters for scientific research and application, the mooring floating full-depth barrier, the mooring floating rigid surface barrier and the flexible surface barrier have certain similarity with the action mechanism of the structure explained in the invention, wherein the upper floating body serving as a wave-dissipating or wave-blocking main body is mainly made of reinforced concrete, metal, waste tires or plastics and the like, and the structural forms comprise a plurality of rectangular floating boxes, barge types, double floating boxes, open frame types, triangular frame types, double round wood types, plate types-net types and the like.

Although the floating breakwater concepts proposed by the research are numerous in number and various in forms, the actual mature and applied floating breakwater is relatively few, and most structures are effective for a short period of less than 6 s. For the buoyancy tank and the pontoon type breakwater, if the transmission coefficient is less than 0.5, the ratio W/L of the width to the wavelength of the breakwater is generally 0.3-0.5, according to the conclusion, for long-period waves in foreign seas such as the Atlantic ocean and the Indian ocean, the average period of the waves is more than ten seconds, and if the structure is adopted under the environmental condition, the construction scale of the floating breakwater is quite large, and the shielding effect cannot be guaranteed.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above problems, the present invention aims to provide a floating breakwater structure suitable for use in conditions with a wave period of less than 14s and a depth of water up to 20m, which solves the problems of construction of harbor protection buildings under moderate water depth conditions or under the premise of priority of ecological environment, operation protection of construction ships under the action of long-period waves in open sea, fishery cultivation, functional protection of ship material refuting, etc., and has the characteristics of economy, environmental protection, convenient construction, rapid forming, etc.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a combined floating bag type floating breakwater structure connected by steel frameworks comprises an upper floating body, a connecting hinge and an anchorage system, wherein the anchorage system comprises an anchor chain and an anchorage block; the upper floating body is provided with a plurality of layers of floating bag rows which are connected through connecting hinges and vertically suspended in a water body, and the floating bag rows are fixed on an anchor block on the seabed through anchor chains; the floating bag row is formed by connecting a plurality of floating bag bodies in series through rigid rod pieces; the floating bag body is a cylinder with a circular through hole at the center for the rigid rod piece to pass through. The anchor block is thrown above the underwater mud surface, and the displacement of the upper floating body is limited by the self gravity and the adsorption force with the underwater, so that the purpose of fixing the upper floating body is achieved.

The outer wall of the floating bag body is provided with an inlet and outlet valve, and pressurized gas or liquid is filled in the floating bag body. The upper floating body is formed by embedding a floating bag body filled with pressurized gas or liquid inside on a rigid rod piece in a sleeved mode, and then combining a plurality of groups of structures into a whole through connecting hinges, so that the whole combined floating bag structure can be partially exposed out of the water surface and can also be fully submerged below the water surface.

The floating bag is made of a malleable material such as natural rubber, artificial rubber or resin. The floating bag body needs to meet the requirements of easy carrying, installation, structural stress and the like, and the material of the floating bag body needs to be natural rubber, artificial rubber or other substitutable materials with certain strength and ductility.

The floating bag row is provided with 1-5 layers along the water depth direction, and baffle plates are longitudinally arranged between single floating bag bodies of the floating bag row for limiting.

The floating bag body is located 1m below a still water surface to 5m above a water surface.

The diameter of the floating bag body is 1 m-15 m, the length along the axis direction is 1 m-20 m, and 1-20 floating bag rows are formed.

The diameter of the circular through hole of the floating bag body is 0.1-3 m.

The included angle between the central line of the floating bag body in the section direction and the horizontal plane is-30 degrees to 30 degrees.

The steel rod piece, the connecting hinge and the anchor chain are made of steel and glass fiber reinforced plastic materials; the anchor block is made of concrete material. The steel rod pieces, the connecting hinges and the anchor chains are made of steel, glass fiber reinforced plastics or alternative materials with certain strength, rigidity and impact toughness. The anchor block is made of concrete material with certain gravity.

The connecting hinges among the floating bag bodies among the multiple layers of floating bag rows are in a triangular connecting mode, and the anchor chains and the anchor blocks are arranged into 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8 even-numbered groups in the cross section direction.

The invention has the following effects: this integrated configuration disturbs the orderly motion of wave water particle through the projection area of self perpendicular to wave advancing direction, and simultaneously, because of there being certain hole between each floating bag body, the synchronous phase place of water both can be disorderly, can reduce the horizontal effort that acts on the structure again, non-rigid connection between the floating bag body can also partly exert the mutual friction effect, the energy of a part of water of dissipation, thereby the wave height of open sea waters advancing wave has been reduced, reach the steady purpose in inboard waters of shield, thereby satisfy the functional demands such as various productions that receive the shield area.

The dimension of each single floating bag body is customized according to the construction capability, the outer contour dimension and the water inlet depth of the whole assembly are determined according to the environmental conditions of the structure, the structure is convenient for ship transportation, field installation, rapid withdrawal and other requirements, and the construction mode is flexible; as a temporary or semi-permanent structure, the construction cost is lower on the premise of meeting the productive function; the whole structure is mainly made of rubber and steel, so that mountain opening and sea filling are not needed, the influence on the ecological environment is little, and the environmental benefit is good.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic transverse cross-section of a floating breakwater structure of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic longitudinal cross-section of a single balloon of the present invention;

figure 3 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of a single row of bladders of the present invention.

In the figure:

1-floating bag body 2-gas or liquid filled inside 3-rigid rod piece

4-connecting hinge 5-baffle 6-anchor chain

7-anchorage block

Included angle between central line of alpha-floating bag body and horizontal plane

Detailed Description

Embodiments of the combined floating bag type floating breakwater according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in fig. 2, a combined floating-bag type floating breakwater structure using steel skeleton connection is horizontally arranged by taking a group of units with a length of 10m in the longitudinal direction as an example. The single floating bag body is a cylinder with a round hole at the center, the outer diameter of the cylinder is 4.6m, and the inner diameter of the cylinder isThe diameter of the floating bag is 0.5m, the three floating bags are connected in series into a whole by adopting a steel round pipe with the diameter of 0.45m, and two ends of each floating bag are respectively provided with a limiting baffle; the floating bags are arranged in the cross section direction in two layers along the water depth direction, wherein 7 floating bags are arranged on the upper layer, 8 floating bags are arranged on the lower layer, every three vertical floating bags connected together in series are transversely connected into a whole through hinges which are of a flexible structure, so that the floating bags can slightly dislocate with each other; the anchor block is of a concrete structure, is placed on the water bottom surface, fixes the upper floating body through the pulling force of the anchor chain, and the floating bags of the group of structures are filled with gas, and the pressure is 1.2 times of atmospheric pressure. Wherein the chain diameters of the connecting hinge and the anchor chain are respectively 64mm and 46mm, and the density of the floating bag body made of rubber is 1.23g/cm³. The weight of the single stack structure is about 107 tons. After the structure is installed, the top surface of the floating bag is exposed to the water surface by 1.5m, the draft of the floating bag is 7.084m, and the bottom of the floating bag is about 7.916m away from the mud surface of the water bottom. The breakwater is formed by successively installing such structures along the axis of the breakwater.

The construction process of the floating breakwater structure is as follows:

(1) connecting a group of components on land, namely completing the connection of the floating bag, the steel round pipe and the hinge of the upper floating body, and completing the connection of the anchor chain and the anchor block on the lower part; the floating bag is not inflated temporarily;

(2) transporting one or more groups of prefabricated combined floating bags to an installation site by adopting a semi-submersible barge and other transportation ships;

(3) after positioning, sinking the anchor chain and the anchor block at the lower part in place, and fixing the position of the connection point at the upper part of the anchor chain;

(4) the floating bag body is inflated through the air inlet valve, and after the inflation pressure is reached, the floating bag is sunk in place by means of equipment such as a floating crane and the like;

(5) the lower diver connects the anchor chain with the steel round pipe of the upper floating body;

(6) continuing to install the next group of floating bags;

(7) the two groups of the installed floating bags are connected by hinges;

(8) repeating the above steps until the implementation is completed.

The above procedures are construction procedures under general conditions, the construction scheme can be optimized on site according to equipment capacity, the floating breakwater structure has the advantages of less site construction amount, short construction period, lower construction cost, smaller increase amplitude of the construction cost along with the increase of water depth, and suitability for wave period and medium water depth conditions below 14 s.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides an adopt combination flotation cell type floating breakwater structure of steel skeleton connection which characterized in that: the anchor system comprises an anchor chain and an anchor block; the upper floating body is provided with a plurality of layers of floating bag rows connected through connecting hinges, and the floating bag rows are suspended in a water body and fixed on an anchor block on the seabed through anchor chains; the floating bag row is formed by connecting a plurality of floating bag bodies in series through rigid rod pieces; the floating bag body is a cylinder with a circular through hole at the center for the rigid rod piece to pass through.

2. The floating breakwater structure of claim 1, wherein: the outer wall of the floating bag body is provided with an inlet and outlet valve, and pressurized gas or liquid is filled in the floating bag body.

3. The floating breakwater structure of claim 2, wherein: the floating bag is made of natural rubber, artificial rubber or resin materials.

4. The floating breakwater structure of claim 1, wherein: the floating bag row is provided with 1-5 layers along the water depth direction, and baffle plates are longitudinally arranged between single floating bag bodies of the floating bag row for limiting.

5. The floating breakwater structure of claim 1, wherein: the floating bag body is located 1m below a still water surface to 5m above a water surface.

6. The floating breakwater structure of claim 5, wherein: the diameter of the floating bag body is 1 m-15 m, the length along the axis direction is 1 m-20 m, and 1-20 floating bag rows are formed.

7. The floating breakwater structure of claim 1, wherein: the diameter of the circular through hole of the floating bag body is 0.1-3 m.

8. The floating breakwater structure of claim 1, wherein: the included angle between the central line of the floating bag body in the section direction and the horizontal plane is-30 degrees to 30 degrees.

9. The floating breakwater structure of claim 1, wherein: the steel rod piece, the connecting hinge and the anchor chain are made of steel and glass fiber reinforced plastic materials; the anchor block is made of concrete material.

10. The floating breakwater structure of claim 1, wherein: the connecting hinges among the floating bag bodies among the multiple layers of floating bag rows are in a triangular connecting mode, and the anchor chains and the anchor blocks are arranged into 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8 even-numbered groups in the cross section direction.

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