CN109295920B - Buoyancy tank-tire type floating breakwater unit with sinking and floating functions under extreme sea conditions and breakwater system - Google Patents
Buoyancy tank-tire type floating breakwater unit with sinking and floating functions under extreme sea conditions and breakwater system Download PDFInfo
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- CN109295920B CN109295920B CN201811342382.0A CN201811342382A CN109295920B CN 109295920 B CN109295920 B CN 109295920B CN 201811342382 A CN201811342382 A CN 201811342382A CN 109295920 B CN109295920 B CN 109295920B
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- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006351 engineering plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010920 waste tyre Substances 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/06—Moles; Piers; Quays; Quay walls; Groynes; Breakwaters ; Wave dissipating walls; Quay equipment
- E02B3/062—Constructions floating in operational condition, e.g. breakwaters or wave dissipating walls
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B8/00—Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
- E02B8/06—Spillways; Devices for dissipation of energy, e.g. for reducing eddies also for lock or dry-dock gates
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/11—Hard structures, e.g. dams, dykes or breakwaters
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Revetment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a breakwater unit and a breakwater system which can realize wave absorption under normal sea conditions and can sink and float under extreme sea conditions. Each breakwater unit consists of a floating body part and an underwater part; the floating body part consists of an upper layer sealed empty tank, a middle layer ballast water tank and a lower layer air bag tank which are fixedly connected; the middle-layer ballast water tank is a hollow closed cavity and is provided with a drain valve and a water inlet valve, and the drain valve and the water inlet valve are connected with the external buoy I through connecting pipes; the lower air bag box is at least filled with an air bag, the air bag is provided with an air inlet valve and an air outlet valve, and the air inlet valve and the air outlet valve are connected to a buoy II on the water surface through a communicating pipe; the underwater part consists of a rigid support and a suspension tire which are arranged in parallel. The mooring system can reasonably avoid extremely severe sea conditions, reduce the manufacturing cost of the mooring system, meet the wave-preventing and wave-absorbing requirements under normal working conditions, and has the characteristics of low cost, environmental protection and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a breakwater unit with sinking and floating functions, and further relates to a breakwater system comprising a plurality of breakwater units, belonging to the technical field of breakwater of offshore engineering and ocean engineering.
Background
The floating breakwater is a wave protection facility which is composed of a floating member body made of metal, reinforced concrete, rubber, plastic and the like and an anchoring system, and has the main advantages compared with the traditional bottom-sitting breakwater: relatively low cost, high ecological environmental protection, wide application range and the like.
The existing floating breakwater has poor wave-absorbing effect under long-period waves, and the floating breakwater structure is difficult to self-protect under severe sea conditions, for example, the existing floating breakwater meets extreme severe marine environments such as typhoon. In order to ensure the safety of the mooring floating body under the extremely severe working conditions, the mooring system needs to adopt a high-strength anchor chain which is extremely expensive in manufacturing cost. Therefore, how to realize the wave-absorbing function of the floating breakwater under the complex sea condition, ensure the safety of the floating breakwater and reduce the manufacturing cost of the floating breakwater is an important subject.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a breakwater system with sinking and floating functions, which can avoid extreme severe environment and is composed of a plurality of breakwater units, wherein the breakwater system can perform wave elimination by properly draught regulation according to the current wave condition in good weather; but also can ensure the safety of the sea-island under extremely severe sea conditions with lower cost.
The invention content is as follows: in order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a buoyancy tank-tire type floating breakwater unit with sinking and floating functions under extreme sea conditions comprises a floating body part and an underwater part; the floating body part consists of an upper-layer sealed empty tank, a middle-layer ballast water tank and a lower-layer air bag tank which are fixedly connected in sequence; the middle-layer ballast water tank is a hollow closed cavity, a drain valve and a water inlet valve are arranged on the middle-layer ballast water tank, and the drain valve and the water inlet valve are connected with the external buoy I through connecting pipes; the lower-layer air bag box is at least filled with an air bag, the air bag is provided with an air inlet valve and an air outlet valve, and the air inlet valve and the air outlet valve are connected to a buoy II on the water surface through a communicating pipe; the underwater part comprises a plurality of rigid supports arranged in parallel, two vertical parts of each support are fixed on the floating body part, and a plurality of tires are hung on the horizontal part of each support extending along the horizontal direction.
The breakwater unit further comprises an anchor chain, and the breakwater unit is anchored in a water body through the anchor chain.
The stand is provided with at least two horizontal parts extending along the horizontal direction, and a plurality of tires are hung on each horizontal part, namely at least two rows of tires are hung on each stand.
Every support contains two upper and lower rows of steel pipes that extend to the level, and every steel pipe has all been inserted a plurality of tires, and the tire on the adjacent support misplaces from top to bottom and arranges.
The tires hung on the adjacent supports are arranged in a staggered mode, namely the distance between the center position of the tire on the adjacent support and the sea level is arranged in a staggered mode.
Wherein a part of the tire is filled with foam.
The upper-layer sealed empty box is internally divided into a plurality of compartments through partition plates, and any compartment is sealed. The sealing bulkhead is arranged to improve the viability of the floating breakwater under severe working conditions, and even if the individual cabin is damaged and enters water, the individual cabin can be ensured not to sink.
The lower-layer air bag box is divided into a plurality of compartments extending in the horizontal direction through partition plates, an air bag is arranged in each compartment, the air bags are fixedly connected with the front wall and the rear wall of the box body through connecting pieces respectively, and the longitudinal extension direction of the air bags is consistent with the extension direction of the compartments.
A breakwater system with sinking and floating functions is composed of a plurality of the breakwater units; the breakwater units are elastically connected through anchor chains and rubber rings.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects that:
in normal weather, the breakwater unit regulates the draft through the middle-layer ballast water tank and adds the wave disturbing effect of an underwater structure, so that the wave eliminating effect of the breakwater unit is better than that of the traditional floating-tank type floating breakwater, and the construction cost of the floating breakwater in unit scale is not greatly increased; when the breakwater system disclosed by the invention encounters severe marine environments such as typhoons, the breakwater system can be submerged under water by adjusting the amount of draught, so that the wave load of the floating breakwater is effectively reduced, the air bag of the floating breakwater can float to the original water surface after the typhoons are inflated, the wave dissipation function is normally performed, the survival problem of the existing floating breakwater under severe sea conditions is solved, a high-standard anchor chain is not required to be selected, and the manufacturing cost of the mooring system is greatly reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a breakwater unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a left side view of FIG. 1;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a breakwater system composed of two breakwater units a;
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of FIG. 4;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a breakwater system composed of four breakwater units a.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described with reference to the following specific examples.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the breakwater unit a of the present invention is composed of a floating body part 1 and an underwater part 2; the floating body part 1 consists of an upper-layer sealed empty tank 3, a middle-layer ballast water tank 4 and a lower-layer air bag tank 5, wherein the upper-layer sealed empty tank 3, the middle-layer ballast water tank 4 and the lower-layer air bag tank 5 are fixedly connected in sequence through bolts; the upper-layer sealed empty tank 3, the middle-layer ballast water tank 4 and the lower-layer air bag tank 5 are all of cuboid structures and are made of steel plates and engineering plastics; the three box bodies are independently constructed, and after the three box bodies are constructed, the three box bodies are fixedly combined into the floating body part 1 through bolts; the upper-layer sealed empty box 3 is internally divided into a plurality of compartments by partition plates, and any compartment is sealed; the middle-layer ballast water tank 4 is provided with a closed cavity which can be filled with water, the middle-layer ballast water tank 4 is provided with a drain valve 10-1 and a water inlet valve 10-2, the drain valve 10-1 and the water inlet valve 10-2 are connected with an external buoy I18 through a connecting pipe 13 (as shown in figure 2, the buoy I18 floats on the water surface and can lead a valve port to the external water surface, so that a water surface engineering ship can conveniently fill and drain the water into and from the middle-layer ballast water tank 4, and further the ballast function is realized); at least one air bag 8 is filled in the lower air bag box 5, an air inlet valve 9-1 and an air outlet valve 9-2 are arranged on the air bag 8, and the air inlet valve 9-1 and the air outlet valve 9-2 are connected to a buoy II15 on the water surface through a communication pipe 11 (as shown in figure 2, a water surface engineering ship inflates and exhausts the air bag 8 through a buoy II 15); the underwater part 2 comprises a plurality of rigid supports 7 arranged in parallel, two vertical parts of each support 7 are fixed on the floating body part 1, each support 7 is provided with at least two horizontal parts extending along the horizontal direction, namely, at least two rows of tires are hung on each support 7, a plurality of tires 6 are hung on each horizontal part, namely, each horizontal part sequentially penetrates through the annular hollow area of the tires 6, and partial tires 6 are filled with foam. The tires 6 hung on the adjacent supports 7 are arranged in a staggered mode, as shown in fig. 3, the two rows of tires 6 on the adjacent supports 7 are arranged in an up-and-down clearance mode, and the arrangement can better disturb underwater particle motion so as to improve the wave absorbing effect of the wave preventing device. The lower air bag box 5 is provided with holes for the seawater to freely enter and exit. Holes 14 are formed in the bottom plate of the lower air bag box 5, and when the air bag 8 is inflated and the size of the holes 14 is increased, seawater in the lower air bag box can be squeezed out, buoyancy of the overall structure is increased, and meanwhile pressure on the periphery of the air bag 8 is reduced.
The breakwater unit A further comprises an anchor chain 12, and the breakwater unit A is anchored in a water body through the anchor chain 12.
A plurality of compartments extending horizontally are divided in the lower-layer air bag box 5 through partition plates, an air bag 8 is arranged in each compartment, the air bag 8 is fixedly connected with the front wall and the rear wall (also called as the left side wall and the right side wall) of the box body 5 through connecting pieces, and the longitudinal extension direction of the air bag 8 is consistent with the extension direction of the compartments. The air bags 8 are made of natural rubber, an air inlet valve and an air outlet valve are arranged in front of and behind each air bag 8, the air inlet valves and the air outlet valves of the air bags 8 are connected and combined into a main air inlet valve and an air outlet valve through pipelines, and the main air inlet valve and the main air outlet valve are respectively connected to the water surface buoy II15 through flexible pipes 11.
As shown in fig. 4 to 6, the present invention further includes a breakwater system composed of a plurality of breakwater units a, and adjacent breakwater units a are detachably connected by anchor chains 17 and rubber rings 16.
The use method of the breakwater comprises the following steps:
A. the breakwater is anchored through a matched anchoring system, when weather is good, the water-level laminated carrier water tank 4 is properly filled with water through a water inlet valve 10-2 according to the current wave condition (all valves on the breakwater unit A are connected to a water-level buoy through a flexible connecting pipe, and a water-level engineering ship is butted to the corresponding buoy to fill water or pump water), namely the water-level engineering ship fills the water-level laminated carrier water tank 4 through a buoy I18, and the air bag 8 is not inflated at the moment, so that the breakwater is adjusted to be proper in draught to play a wave-breaking role;
B. under severe sea conditions, continuously injecting seawater into the middle-layer ballast water tank 4 through the water inlet valve 10-2, and simultaneously properly inflating the air bag 8 through the air inlet valve 9-1, namely, the water surface engineering ship inflates the air bag 8 through the buoy II15 until the breakwater is submerged, so that the wave load of the breakwater is effectively reduced, and the survivability of the breakwater is improved;
C. after severe sea conditions, a nearby engineering ship fills the air bag 8 with air, the breakwater floats upwards, and the middle-layer ballast water tank 4 is drained at the same time, so that the whole breakwater reaches a preset draught and has a normal wave-dissipating function.
The breakwater is anchored by a matched anchoring system and can well weaken the wave effect when being arranged in an open water area. Corresponding draft can be taken according to the wave height level of different stages through the gasbag of body bottom, lets the breakwater under extreme storm simultaneously, through sinking to underwater to the bottom, reduces the wave load that the breakwater receives, improves its self-preservation ability. The waste tires are arranged at the bottom of the breakwater, so that the movement speed of water particles can be reduced, the movement effect on the water particles and the wave absorption effect of the breakwater are improved, and the recovery of resources is realized.
Claims (6)
1. A buoyancy tank-tire type floating breakwater unit having a floatable function under extreme sea conditions, characterized in that: the breakwater unit consists of a floating body part and an underwater part; the floating body part consists of an upper-layer sealed empty tank, a middle-layer ballast water tank and a lower-layer air bag tank which are fixedly connected in sequence; the middle-layer ballast water tank is a hollow closed cavity, a drain valve and a water inlet valve are arranged on the middle-layer ballast water tank, and the drain valve and the water inlet valve are connected with the external buoy I through connecting pipes; the lower-layer air bag box is at least filled with an air bag, the air bag is provided with an air inlet valve and an air outlet valve, and the air inlet valve and the air outlet valve are connected to a buoy II on the water surface through a communicating pipe; the underwater part comprises a plurality of brackets arranged in parallel, two vertical parts of each bracket are fixed on the floating body part, and a plurality of tires are hung on the horizontal part of each bracket extending along the horizontal direction; the support is provided with at least two horizontal parts extending along the horizontal direction, and a plurality of tires are hung on each horizontal part; the tires hung on the adjacent brackets are arranged in a staggered manner;
the use method of the breakwater unit comprises the following steps:
A. the breakwater is anchored through a matched anchoring system, when weather is good, the middle-layer ballast water tank is filled with water through a water inlet valve, all valves on the breakwater unit are connected to the water surface floating barrel through flexible connecting pipes, the water surface engineering ship is in butt joint with the corresponding floating barrel to fill water or pump water, the water surface engineering ship fills water into the middle-layer ballast water tank through the floating barrel I, at the moment, the air bag is not inflated, and the breakwater achieves the preset draught to perform wave elimination;
B. under severe sea conditions, continuously injecting seawater into the middle-layer ballast water tank through the water inlet valve, simultaneously inflating the air bag through the air inlet valve, and inflating the air bag through the buoy II by the water surface engineering ship until the breakwater is submerged under water;
C. after severe sea conditions, the water surface engineering ship fills the air bag with air, the breakwater floats upwards, and the middle-layer ballast water tank is drained at the same time, so that the whole breakwater reaches the preset draught and performs the normal wave-dissipating function.
2. The buoyant tank-tire-type floating breakwater unit having a floatable function under extreme sea conditions according to claim 1, wherein: the breakwater unit is anchored in the water body through the anchor chain.
3. The buoyant tank-tire-type floating breakwater unit having a floatable function under extreme sea conditions according to claim 1, wherein: and foam is filled in part of the tire.
4. The buoyant tank-tire-type floating breakwater unit having a floatable function under extreme sea conditions according to claim 1, wherein: the upper-layer sealed empty box is internally divided into a plurality of compartments through partition plates, and each compartment is a sealed compartment body.
5. The buoyant tank-tire-type floating breakwater unit having a floatable function under extreme sea conditions according to claim 1, wherein: the bottom plate of the lower layer air bag box is provided with a hole; the lower layer air bag box is divided into a plurality of compartments extending horizontally by partition plates, an air bag is arranged in each compartment, the air bags are fixedly connected with the front wall and the rear wall of the box body respectively through connecting pieces, and the longitudinal extension direction of the air bags is consistent with the extension direction of the compartments.
6. A buoyancy tank-tire type floating breakwater system having a floatable function under extreme sea conditions, characterized in that: a plurality of breakwater units according to any one of claims 1 to 5; the breakwater units are connected through anchor chains and rubber rings.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811342382.0A CN109295920B (en) | 2018-11-12 | 2018-11-12 | Buoyancy tank-tire type floating breakwater unit with sinking and floating functions under extreme sea conditions and breakwater system |
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| CN201811342382.0A CN109295920B (en) | 2018-11-12 | 2018-11-12 | Buoyancy tank-tire type floating breakwater unit with sinking and floating functions under extreme sea conditions and breakwater system |
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| CN109295920B true CN109295920B (en) | 2021-04-27 |
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| CN109267538B (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2019-05-31 | 江苏科技大学 | A kind of Anti-Typhoon floating breakwater system and its control method |
| CN110205979A (en) * | 2019-04-03 | 2019-09-06 | 北部湾大学 | A kind of artificial sandbank protective equipment and its construction method of resource utilization type |
| CN110219280B (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2021-08-31 | 江苏科技大学 | Telescopic floating breakwater |
| CN110952498B (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2021-03-19 | 江苏科技大学 | Floating breakwater with breakwater and power generation functions |
| CN113530761B (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2023-02-24 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Floating type foundation of offshore wind turbine generator set with grid type structure and construction method |
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| JP5322068B1 (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2013-10-23 | 国土交通省東北地方整備局長 | Construction method of submarine |
| CN105040637A (en) * | 2015-04-01 | 2015-11-11 | 中交第二航务工程局有限公司 | Mounting method for flexible floating breakwater |
| CN107386201A (en) * | 2017-08-15 | 2017-11-24 | 江苏科技大学 | A kind of floating breakwater |
| CN108755574A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2018-11-06 | 江苏科技大学 | A kind of fast demountable type flexible and floating type breakwater |
| CN108755573A (en) * | 2018-06-28 | 2018-11-06 | 江苏科技大学 | A kind of novel flexible floating breakwater |
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2018
- 2018-11-12 CN CN201811342382.0A patent/CN109295920B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5322068B1 (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2013-10-23 | 国土交通省東北地方整備局長 | Construction method of submarine |
| CN105040637A (en) * | 2015-04-01 | 2015-11-11 | 中交第二航务工程局有限公司 | Mounting method for flexible floating breakwater |
| CN107386201A (en) * | 2017-08-15 | 2017-11-24 | 江苏科技大学 | A kind of floating breakwater |
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