CN114351038A - High-strength medium-heat-resistant alloy cast iron smelted by electric furnace and smelting method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength medium-heat-resistant alloy cast iron smelted by electric furnace and smelting method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses high-strength medium heat-resistant alloy cast iron smelted by an electric furnace and a smelting method thereof, belonging to the technical field of cast iron production, wherein the alloy cast iron comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 3.2-3.4% of carbon, 1.9-2.2% of silicon, 0.01-0.06% of phosphorus, 0.06-0.12% of sulfur, 0.6-0.9% of manganese, 0.2-0.35% of chromium, 0.6-0.9% of copper, 0.005-0.03% of titanium, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities. Different from the traditional gray cast iron raw material, the scheme of the application does not add pig iron, but uses the batching process of scrap steel, foundry returns and carburant, and simultaneously replaces precious molybdenum alloy by adopting the alloy collocation of copper and chromium, thereby greatly reducing the manufacturing cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cast iron production, in particular to high-strength medium heat-resistant alloy cast iron smelted by an electric furnace and a smelting method thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of household automobiles and modern industries, the demand of automobile basic parts is rapidly increased, the automobile consumption demand in China is continuously increased, and the automobile conservation quantity shows a continuous and rapid increase situation.
As one of the core parts of the automobile, the engine cylinder block is a key part with large size, complex shape, large wall thickness difference, severe working condition (under the action of cyclic thermal shock and thermal fatigue in work) and high mechanical property requirement in engine parts, and is extremely difficult to produce. Therefore, the cylinder material is required to have good overall properties.
When the traditional electric furnace smelting is used for preparing the high-strength medium heat-resistant alloy cast iron engine cylinder body, pig iron is required to be added into the ingredients, so that the manufacturing cost is higher. In addition, heavy alloy molybdenum element is required to be added in the chemical components of the traditional high-strength medium heat-resistant alloy cast iron smelted by the electric furnace, so that the manufacturing cost is increased. In addition, when the conventional high-strength medium heat-resistant alloy cast iron smelted by an electric furnace is inoculated, in the solidification process, the conventional inoculant cannot promote the growth of isometric crystals, inhibit the growth of dendrites, and cannot prolong a feeding channel in molten iron, so that the risk of shrinkage porosity of the cast iron is easy to occur.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the high-strength medium heat-resistant alloy cast iron prepared by the existing electric furnace smelting, the invention aims to solve the technical problems that: provides an electric furnace smelted high-strength medium heat-resistant alloy cast iron and a smelting method thereof, which can save cost and improve the mechanical property, the processing property and the feeding capability of a casting.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the high-strength medium heat-resistant alloy cast iron smelted by the electric furnace comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 3.2-3.4% of carbon, 1.9-2.2% of silicon, 0.01-0.06% of phosphorus, 0.06-0.12% of sulfur, 0.6-0.9% of manganese, 0.2-0.35% of chromium, 0.6-0.9% of copper, 0.005-0.03% of titanium, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities.
The smelting method for smelting high-strength medium-heat-resistant alloy cast iron by an electric furnace is characterized by smelting the alloy cast iron by taking scrap steel, foundry returns and carburant as raw materials, and specifically comprises the following steps:
a. adding 40-50% of the total amount of the scrap steel into an electric furnace for smelting;
b. when the scrap steel is melted 1/3, adding a carburant, ferrosilicon and ferrosilicon in proportion, and reserving the ferrosilicon and the carburant by 0.1-0.3% respectively;
c. adding the rest scrap steel after the scrap steel is melted, and adding ferromanganese, ferrochrome and electrolytic copper according to the proportion after the scrap steel is melted again 1/3;
d. adding the scrap steel into a scrap returning material after the scrap steel is completely melted;
e. b, sampling and detecting after the returned materials are completely melted, and adding the ferrosilicon and the carburant reserved in the step b according to the detection result until the detection result is adjusted to be within the required range;
f. heating the molten iron to 1500-1520 ℃, adjusting the electric furnace to a heat preservation state, and standing for 5-10 minutes;
g. and after the tapping temperature is reached, pouring the molten iron into a casting ladle, simultaneously adding a composite inoculant into the casting ladle, wherein the composite inoculant accounts for 0.3-0.5% of the total amount of the molten iron, the lanthanum-containing inoculant and the 75-ferrosilicon inoculant are respectively half of the proportion, and the molten iron is poured after being injected into the casting ladle, so that the high-strength medium heat-resistant alloy cast iron smelted by the electric furnace is obtained.
Further, the mass fractions of the components in the scrap steel are respectively as follows: 0.2-0.4% of carbon, 0.2-0.3% of silicon, 0.5-0.8% of manganese, 0.01-0.03% of phosphorus, 0.01-0.030% of sulfur, 0.005-0.03% of chromium, 0.001-0.02% of titanium, 0.001-0.005% of vanadium and the balance of iron, wherein the bulk degree of the scrap steel is less than the inner diameter 1/3 of the electric furnace.
Further, the carbon increasing agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: the carbon content of the carbon increasing agent is more than or equal to 98.5%, the sulfur content is less than or equal to 0.03%, the volatile matter is less than or equal to 0.5%, the ash content is less than or equal to 0.5%, the water content is less than or equal to 0.5%, the nitrogen content is less than or equal to 0.02%, and the lumpiness of the carbon increasing agent is 1-5 mm.
Further, the sulfur iron comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 35-45% of sulfur, less than or equal to 0.30% of carbon, less than or equal to 5.0% of silicon, less than or equal to 0.50% of manganese, less than or equal to 0.30% of phosphorus, more than or equal to 40% of iron, and the lumpiness of the ferro-sulphur is 10-50 mm.
Further, the ferrosilicon comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 72-80% of silicon, less than or equal to 1.5% of aluminum, less than or equal to 1.0% of calcium and the balance of iron, wherein the bulk degree of the ferrosilicon is 30-150 mm.
Further, the ferromanganese comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 65-72% of manganese, less than or equal to 7% of carbon and the balance of iron, wherein the lumpiness of the ferromanganese is 30-150 mm.
Further, the ferrochrome comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 55-60% of chromium, less than or equal to 10% of carbon and the balance of iron, wherein the bulk degree of the ferrochrome is 20-80 mm.
Further, the electrolytic copper comprises the following components in percentage by mass: the copper content is more than or equal to 99.90 percent, the lead content is less than or equal to 0.002 percent, and the lumpiness of the electrolytic copper is 2-10 kilograms per block.
Further, the particle size of the composite inoculant is 2-7 mm, wherein the lanthanum-containing inoculant comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1-3.5% of lanthanum, 40-50% of silicon, less than or equal to 0.5% of aluminum, less than or equal to 3.5% of calcium and the balance of iron; the 75 ferrosilicon inoculant comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 70-78% of silicon, 0.8-1.6% of aluminum, 0.5-1.0% of calcium and the balance of iron.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the raw materials adopted by the invention are different from the traditional gray cast iron raw materials, and the method is characterized in that no pig iron is added, and a scrap steel, a foundry returns and carburant are used for preparing materials, so that the cost is greatly reduced, and the economic benefit is obvious;
2. according to the invention, the performance of the casting can be improved by controlling the components of molten iron, compared with the traditional high-strength medium heat-resistant alloy cast iron cylinder body using precious molybdenum alloy, through the alloying design of the invention, the hardness of the produced engine cylinder body casting can reach 190-235 HB, the strength of a single-cast test bar can reach more than 320MPa, and meanwhile, because precious molybdenum alloy is not used, the cost is greatly reduced, and the economic benefit is obvious;
3. the body adopts a method of simultaneously smelting carburant, 75 ferrosilicon and furnace burden to pretreat molten iron, so that the pretreatment effect is ensured;
4. the invention obtains more than 90% of A-type graphite in the casting body gold phase by tapping composite inoculation treatment of lanthanum-containing inoculant and 75 ferrosilicon inoculant, can promote equiaxial crystal growth and inhibit dendritic crystal growth in the cast iron solidification process by utilizing the lanthanum-containing inoculant, effectively prolongs the feeding channel in the molten iron, reduces the shrinkage porosity tendency of the casting, and ensures that no leakage exists during pressure test of an assembling machine.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
The high-strength medium heat-resistant alloy cast iron smelted by the electric furnace comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 3.2-3.4% of carbon, 1.9-2.2% of silicon, 0.01-0.06% of phosphorus, 0.06-0.12% of sulfur, 0.6-0.9% of manganese, 0.2-0.35% of chromium, 0.6-0.9% of copper, 0.005-0.03% of titanium, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities.
The smelting method for smelting high-strength medium-heat-resistant alloy cast iron by an electric furnace is characterized by smelting the alloy cast iron by taking scrap steel, foundry returns and carburant as raw materials, and specifically comprises the following steps:
a. adding 40-50% of the total amount of the scrap steel into an electric furnace for smelting;
b. when the scrap steel is melted 1/3, adding a carburant, ferrosilicon and ferrosilicon in proportion, and reserving the ferrosilicon and the carburant by 0.1-0.3% respectively;
c. adding the rest scrap steel after the scrap steel is melted, and adding ferromanganese, ferrochrome and electrolytic copper according to the proportion after the scrap steel is melted again 1/3;
d. adding the scrap steel into a scrap returning material after the scrap steel is completely melted;
e. b, sampling and detecting after the returned materials are completely melted, and adding the ferrosilicon and the carburant reserved in the step b according to the detection result until the detection result is adjusted to be within the required range;
f. heating the molten iron to 1500-1520 ℃, adjusting the electric furnace to a heat preservation state, and standing for 5-10 minutes;
g. and after the tapping temperature is reached, pouring the molten iron into a casting ladle, simultaneously adding a composite inoculant into the casting ladle, wherein the composite inoculant accounts for 0.3-0.5% of the total amount of the molten iron, the lanthanum-containing inoculant and the 75-ferrosilicon inoculant are respectively half of the proportion, and after the molten iron is injected into the casting ladle, pouring is carried out, so that the high-strength medium heat-resistant alloy cast iron smelted by the electric furnace is obtained.
For the principle of adding in each step, the following preferred schemes are provided in the application:
the mass fractions of all the components in the scrap steel are respectively as follows: 0.2-0.4% of carbon, 0.2-0.3% of silicon, 0.5-0.8% of manganese, 0.01-0.03% of phosphorus, 0.01-0.030% of sulfur, 0.005-0.03% of chromium, 0.001-0.02% of titanium, 0.001-0.005% of vanadium and the balance of iron, wherein the bulk degree of the scrap steel is less than the inner diameter 1/3 of the electric furnace.
The carbon increasing agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: the carbon content of the carbon increasing agent is more than or equal to 98.5%, the sulfur content is less than or equal to 0.03%, the volatile matter is less than or equal to 0.5%, the ash content is less than or equal to 0.5%, the water content is less than or equal to 0.5%, the nitrogen content is less than or equal to 0.02%, and the lumpiness of the carbon increasing agent is 1-5 mm.
The sulfur iron comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 35-45% of sulfur, less than or equal to 0.30% of carbon, less than or equal to 5.0% of silicon, less than or equal to 0.50% of manganese, less than or equal to 0.30% of phosphorus, more than or equal to 40% of iron, and the lumpiness of the ferro-sulphur is 10-50 mm.
The ferrosilicon comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 72-80% of silicon, less than or equal to 1.5% of aluminum, less than or equal to 1.0% of calcium and the balance of iron, wherein the bulk degree of the ferrosilicon is 30-150 mm.
The ferromanganese comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 65-72% of manganese, less than or equal to 7% of carbon and the balance of iron, wherein the lumpiness of the ferromanganese is 30-150 mm.
The ferrochrome comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 55-60% of chromium, less than or equal to 10% of carbon and the balance of iron, wherein the bulk degree of the ferrochrome is 20-80 mm.
The electrolytic copper comprises the following components in percentage by mass: the copper content is more than or equal to 99.90 percent, the lead content is less than or equal to 0.002 percent, and the lumpiness of the electrolytic copper is 2-10 kilograms per block.
The particle size of the composite inoculant is 2-7 mm, wherein the lanthanum-containing inoculant comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1-3.5% of lanthanum, 40-50% of silicon, less than or equal to 0.5% of aluminum, less than or equal to 3.5% of calcium and the balance of iron; the 75 ferrosilicon inoculant comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 70-78% of silicon, 0.8-1.6% of aluminum, 0.5-1.0% of calcium and the balance of iron.
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
The first embodiment is as follows:
the smelting method provided by the application is adopted to prepare the castings shown in the following table, and the castings comprise the following components in percentage by chemical purity:
table one: content of each element in casting
The casting is smelted by taking scrap steel, foundry returns and carburant as raw materials, and the burdening scheme is as follows:
table two: raw material proportioning scheme
| Scheme(s) | Scrap steel% | Scrap returns percentage | Carburant% |
| Scheme 1 | 60 | 40 | 2.3 |
| Scheme 2 | 70 | 30 | 2.7 |
| Scheme 3 | 75 | 25 | 2.9 |
The smelting comprises the following specific steps:
a. adding 40 percent of the total amount of the scrap steel into an electric furnace for smelting;
b. when the scrap steel is melted 1/3, adding a carburant, ferrosilicon and ferrosilicon in proportion, and reserving the ferrosilicon and the carburant by 0.3 percent respectively;
c. adding the rest scrap steel after the scrap steel is melted, and adding ferromanganese, ferrochrome and electrolytic copper according to the proportion after the scrap steel is melted again 1/3;
d. adding the scrap steel into a scrap returning material after the scrap steel is completely melted;
e. b, sampling and detecting after the returned materials are completely melted, and adding the ferrosilicon and the carburant reserved in the step b according to the detection result until the detection result meets the stokehole content shown in the table I;
f. heating the molten iron to 1500 ℃, adjusting the electric furnace to a heat preservation state, and standing for 10 minutes;
g. and after the tapping temperature is reached, pouring the molten iron into a casting ladle, simultaneously adding a composite inoculant into the casting ladle, wherein the composite inoculant accounts for 0.4 percent of the total amount of the molten iron, the lanthanum-containing inoculant and the 75 ferrosilicon inoculant are respectively half of the proportion, and the molten iron is poured into the casting ladle and then is poured to obtain the high-strength medium heat-resistant alloy cast iron smelted by an electric furnace.
Three cast iron samples are respectively manufactured according to the blending schemes of scheme 1, scheme 2 and scheme 3 shown in the second table through the smelting steps, then the mechanical property and the casting density of the cast iron are detected, the performance result is ideal, and the cast iron is free from shrinkage cavity and shrinkage porosity and compact in structure when being subjected to position dissection such as cam holes, cylinder tops, cylinder barrels, tile seat bolts and the like with uneven thickness or large thickness. The test results are as follows:
table three: conditions of detection of casting properties
Claims (10)
1. The high-strength medium heat-resistant alloy cast iron smelted by the electric furnace is characterized in that: the alloy comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 3.2-3.4% of carbon, 1.9-2.2% of silicon, 0.01-0.06% of phosphorus, 0.06-0.12% of sulfur, 0.6-0.9% of manganese, 0.2-0.35% of chromium, 0.6-0.9% of copper, 0.005-0.03% of titanium, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities.
2. The method for melting high-strength, medium-heat resistant alloy cast iron by electric furnace melting according to claim 1, wherein the melting of the alloy cast iron is performed using scrap steel, a scrap returns and a carburant as raw materials, comprising the steps of:
a. adding 40-50% of the total amount of the scrap steel into an electric furnace for smelting;
b. when the scrap steel is melted 1/3, adding a carburant, ferrosilicon and ferrosilicon in proportion, and reserving the ferrosilicon and the carburant by 0.1-0.3% respectively;
c. adding the rest scrap steel after the scrap steel is melted, and adding ferromanganese, ferrochrome and electrolytic copper according to the proportion after the scrap steel is melted again 1/3;
d. adding the scrap steel into a scrap returning material after the scrap steel is completely melted;
e. b, sampling and detecting after the returned materials are completely melted, and adding the ferrosilicon and the carburant reserved in the step b according to the detection result until the detection result is adjusted to be within the required range;
f. heating the molten iron to 1500-1520 ℃, adjusting the electric furnace to a heat preservation state, and standing for 5-10 minutes;
g. and after the tapping temperature is reached, pouring the molten iron into a casting ladle, simultaneously adding a composite inoculant into the casting ladle, wherein the composite inoculant accounts for 0.3-0.5% of the total amount of the molten iron, the lanthanum-containing inoculant and the 75-ferrosilicon inoculant are respectively half of the proportion, and after the molten iron is injected into the casting ladle, pouring is carried out, so that the high-strength medium heat-resistant alloy cast iron smelted by the electric furnace is obtained.
3. The method of melting a high-strength medium-heat resistant alloy cast iron by electric furnace melting according to claim 2, characterized by comprising: the mass fractions of all the components in the scrap steel are respectively as follows: 0.2-0.4% of carbon, 0.2-0.3% of silicon, 0.5-0.8% of manganese, 0.01-0.03% of phosphorus, 0.01-0.030% of sulfur, 0.005-0.03% of chromium, 0.001-0.02% of titanium, 0.001-0.005% of vanadium and the balance of iron, wherein the bulk degree of the scrap steel is less than the inner diameter 1/3 of the electric furnace.
4. The method of melting a high-strength medium-heat resistant alloy cast iron by electric furnace melting according to claim 2, characterized by comprising: the carbon increasing agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: the carbon content of the carbon increasing agent is more than or equal to 98.5%, the sulfur content is less than or equal to 0.03%, the volatile matter is less than or equal to 0.5%, the ash content is less than or equal to 0.5%, the water content is less than or equal to 0.5%, the nitrogen content is less than or equal to 0.02%, and the lumpiness of the carbon increasing agent is 1-5 mm.
5. The method of melting a high-strength medium-heat resistant alloy cast iron by electric furnace melting according to claim 2, characterized by comprising: the sulfur iron comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 35-45% of sulfur, less than or equal to 0.30% of carbon, less than or equal to 5.0% of silicon, less than or equal to 0.50% of manganese, less than or equal to 0.30% of phosphorus, more than or equal to 40% of iron, and the lumpiness of the ferro-sulphur is 10-50 mm.
6. The method of melting a high-strength medium-heat resistant alloy cast iron by electric furnace melting according to claim 2, characterized by comprising: the ferrosilicon comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 72-80% of silicon, less than or equal to 1.5% of aluminum, less than or equal to 1.0% of calcium and the balance of iron, wherein the bulk degree of the ferrosilicon is 30-150 mm.
7. The method of melting a high-strength medium-heat resistant alloy cast iron by electric furnace melting according to claim 2, characterized by comprising: the ferromanganese comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 65-72% of manganese, less than or equal to 7% of carbon and the balance of iron, wherein the lumpiness of the ferromanganese is 30-150 mm.
8. The method of melting a high-strength medium-heat resistant alloy cast iron by electric furnace melting according to claim 2, characterized by comprising: the ferrochrome comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 55-60% of chromium, less than or equal to 10% of carbon and the balance of iron, wherein the bulk degree of the ferrochrome is 20-80 mm.
9. The method of melting a high-strength medium-heat resistant alloy cast iron by electric furnace melting according to claim 2, characterized by comprising: the electrolytic copper comprises the following components in percentage by mass: the copper content is more than or equal to 99.90 percent, the lead content is less than or equal to 0.002 percent, and the lumpiness of the electrolytic copper is 2-10 kilograms per block.
10. The method of melting a high-strength medium-heat resistant alloy cast iron by electric furnace melting according to claim 2, characterized by comprising: the particle size of the composite inoculant is 2-7 mm, wherein the lanthanum-containing inoculant comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1-3.5% of lanthanum, 40-50% of silicon, less than or equal to 0.5% of aluminum, less than or equal to 3.5% of calcium and the balance of iron; the 75 ferrosilicon inoculant comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 70-78% of silicon, 0.8-1.6% of aluminum, 0.5-1.0% of calcium and the balance of iron.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115505828A (en) * | 2022-10-17 | 2022-12-23 | 宜宾普什联动科技有限公司 | Diesel engine body and preparation method thereof |
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| SU1097705A1 (en) * | 1982-11-22 | 1984-06-15 | Гомельский политехнический институт | Wear resistant cast iron |
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| CN115505828A (en) * | 2022-10-17 | 2022-12-23 | 宜宾普什联动科技有限公司 | Diesel engine body and preparation method thereof |
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