CN114346411A - Gas-liquid spray jet cooling system and method for assisting laser processing - Google Patents
Gas-liquid spray jet cooling system and method for assisting laser processing Download PDFInfo
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- CN114346411A CN114346411A CN202111550078.7A CN202111550078A CN114346411A CN 114346411 A CN114346411 A CN 114346411A CN 202111550078 A CN202111550078 A CN 202111550078A CN 114346411 A CN114346411 A CN 114346411A
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Abstract
The invention provides a gas-liquid spray jet cooling system and a method for assisting laser processing, which comprises a hydraulic system, an ultrasonic atomization system, a pneumatic system, a gas-liquid atomization system, a Laval tube, an optical transmission system and an aspheric lens system, wherein the hydraulic system is connected with the ultrasonic atomization system and realizes the first atomization of liquid and enters the gas-liquid atomization system; the air pressure system provides any gas to enter the gas-liquid atomization system; the gas-liquid atomization system realizes secondary atomization of gas and liquid and flows into the Laval pipe; the optical transmission system and the aspheric lens system realize laser transmission focusing. The invention provides a gas-liquid spray jet cooling system and a gas-liquid spray jet cooling method for assisting laser processing, which can randomly regulate and control gas-liquid mixing proportion, realize micron-sized liquid drop spray jet which is uniformly mixed through secondary atomization, improve the spray jet speed, improve the cooling effect and ensure the processing efficiency, have the advantage of smaller laser spot diameter, and can realize processing of a flat-top light beam with uniformly distributed energy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser composite processing, and particularly relates to a gas-liquid spray jet cooling system and method for assisting laser processing.
Background
Laser processing is a special processing technology which utilizes a laser beam with high power density to irradiate a workpiece, so that materials are melted and gasified to further remove the materials. The laser processing technology as a novel non-contact processing has the advantages of high processing efficiency, high processing precision, no cutting force, easy control and the like, and is widely applied to the processing field of metal and non-metal materials.
Since laser processing realizes material removal by heat effect, the processing quality is seriously affected by the defects of a heat affected zone, a recast layer, microcracks and the like in the process. And the specific cooling system is added to properly cool and flush the processing area, so that the processing defects can be reduced, and the processing quality of the product can be improved.
Existing cooling systems cool the machining region primarily by means of a gaseous or liquid cooling medium. Although the above processing problems can be solved to some extent, some problems still remain.
When the gas jet is used for cooling, because of poor controllability of gas movement and low heat conduction coefficient, when the gas jet pressure is too small, the mechanical property is reduced due to large thermal damage of a workpiece caused by insufficient cooling. When the cooling effect is enhanced by increasing the air pressure, the excessive air pressure can form vortex on the surface of the processing area, and the air flow cooling effect is reduced.
Conventional liquid-assisted laser machining apparatuses cool a machining region mainly by a coaxial or paraxial water beam, for example, coaxial water-guided laser and paraxial water jet. The water-guided laser guides the laser beam to the surface of the workpiece through the micro water beam for processing, and the device has a complex structure and high cost. The paraxial water jet system directly impacts a processing point or a wall surface to form a flowing water layer for cooling, and the disturbance of the water layer can cause serious loss of laser energy and reduce the processing efficiency.
The spray-assisted laser machining can not only realize effective cooling, but also ensure the machining efficiency. But the conventional atomization device has poor atomization effect and large liquid drops; the jet pressure or speed of ultrasonic atomization is difficult to meet the processing requirements; the jet flow atomized once by gas-liquid atomization has no mention of adjustable proportion, and meanwhile, the gas-liquid atomization effect is poor, the mixing is not uniform, and the efficiency and the quality of laser processing are not ensured; finally, the conventional lens focuses laser with large spot diameter and uneven energy distribution, which affects the processing quality.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a gas-liquid spray jet cooling system and a gas-liquid spray jet cooling method for assisting laser processing, which can be used for randomly regulating and controlling the gas-liquid mixing ratio, realizing micron-sized liquid drop spray jet with more uniform mixing through secondary atomization, having the advantage of focusing a smaller laser spot diameter and simultaneously realizing processing of a flat-top beam with uniformly distributed laser energy.
In order to achieve the technical purpose and achieve the technical effects, the invention solves the problems through the following technical scheme:
a gas-liquid spray jet cooling system and method for assisting laser processing comprises a hydraulic system, an ultrasonic atomization system, a pneumatic system, a gas-liquid atomization system, a Laval tube, an optical transmission system and an aspheric lens system.
The hydraulic system comprises a water source (1) communicated with one end of a filter (2) through a hose from left to right, the other end of the filter (2) is connected with an electromagnetic valve (3) through a hydraulic quick connector, and the other end of the filter is sequentially connected with a hydraulic tank (4), a hydraulic meter (5), a hydraulic pump (6), an overflow valve (7), an energy accumulator (8), a proportional electromagnetic valve (9), a throttle valve (10), a flowmeter (11) and an ultrasonic atomization system (12) through the hydraulic quick connectors, and is finally connected with a liquid inlet of the gas-liquid atomization system (13). Specifically, cooling liquid (common water, or any liquid) is provided by the water source (1), and the water is filtered by the filter (2), so that the influence of impurities on cooling processing is reduced; (4) the hydraulic tank is used for storing liquid, (5) the hydraulic meter is used for detecting the water quantity in the hydraulic tank (4), when the water quantity is lower than the requirement, (3) the electromagnetic valve works, the water channel is connected, and the water passing through the filter (2) flows into the hydraulic tank (4); the hydraulic pump (6) provides power to press water into the water path; (7) the overflow valve is used for protecting the hydraulic system, and when the pressure exceeds a set value (7), the overflow valve starts to drain water, so that the safety of a water path is protected; (8) the energy accumulator is used for reducing the pulsation of water in the water channel, ensuring the stability of water transportation and being beneficial to improving the subsequent atomization effect; (10) the throttle valve can be used for controlling the circulation of the water channel and manually adjusting the flow of the water channel; (9) the proportional solenoid valve can adjust the flow of the water path through the numerical feedback of the flowmeter (11) according to the actual demand, and the proportional solenoid valve can realize arbitrary flow regulation and control in a certain range; at the moment, water enters an ultrasonic atomization system for primary atomization to generate spray with the diameter of liquid drops within 1-5 um. And finally, the spray jet enters a gas-liquid atomization system, and is secondarily atomized and uniformly mixed with the gas jet.
Furthermore, the air pressure system comprises a (20) air source connected with one end of a (19) stop valve through a hose from left to right, and the other end of the (19) stop valve is connected with a (18) filter through an air pressure quick connector, so that impurities and liquid in the air can be filtered and removed, and then the air pressure quick connector is sequentially connected with a (17) overflow valve, a (16) proportional electromagnetic valve, a (15) throttle valve and a (14) flowmeter. Specifically, the gas source (20) provides gas (single gas can be provided, such as oxygen, nitrogen and the like, and mixed gas can also be provided, such as nitrogen-oxygen mixed gas and the like, and can be adjusted according to requirements), the circulation of gas in the gas path is controlled through the stop valve (19), when the stop valve (19) is opened, the gas flow flows into the filter (18) for filtering, impurities, liquid and the like in the gas can be filtered and removed, and the purity of the gas is ensured; (17) the overflow valve protects the air pressure system, and when the pressure is too high (17), the overflow valve starts to work and unload; (15) the throttle valve can be used for controlling the circulation of the gas path and also can be used for manually adjusting the flow of the gas path; (16) the proportional solenoid valve can adjust the flow of the water path through the numerical feedback of the (14) flowmeter according to the actual demand, and the proportional solenoid valve can realize arbitrary flow regulation and control in a certain range; and finally, the gas flows into a gas-liquid atomization system to be atomized for the second time and uniformly mixed with the atomized spray.
Further, the gas-liquid ratio regulation and control of the gas-liquid atomization system are realized by controlling the flow q1 of the hydraulic system and the flow q2 of the pneumatic system, and the mixing ratio can be approximately calculated by the following formulas 1-1 and 1-2:
liquid mixing ratio e1= q 1/(q 1+ q 2) 1-1
Gas mixture ratio e2= q 2/(q 1+ q 2) 1-2
Furthermore, water flowing through a flowmeter (11) of a hydraulic system in the ultrasonic atomization system enters a water inlet cavity (21), the water inlet cavity is used for storing a certain amount of water and adopts a horn mouth form, so that the impact of water jet flow on a piezoelectric ceramic ultrasonic atomization device (22) can be reduced to a certain extent; (221) the sealing ring seals the ultrasonic device to prevent water leakage, (222) the piezoelectric ceramic is tightly attached to the atomizing sheet and connected with the driving circuit board, when the negative piezoelectric effect of the circuit piezoelectric ceramic generates ultrasonic vibration to send out ultrasonic waves, and the ultrasonic vibration is applied to the (223) atomizing sheet tightly attached to the piezoelectric ceramic to atomize water, (223) the atomizing sheet consists of a plurality of micron-sized pores (the diameter of each micropore is generally 1-5 mu m), the diameter of atomized liquid drops can be ensured to be very small, atomized jet flows out from a (23) atomizing cavity channel, and the (23) atomizing cavity is in a form of reduced section, and the method can be known according to a formula 1-3 Bernoulli principle and improve the spraying flow rate.
p1+0.5•ρv1 2+ρgh1= p2+0.5•ρv2 2+ρgh2 1-3
In the formula: p1 pressure of fluid inflow
v1 is the flow rate of fluid when flowing in
h1 is the relative height of the position of the fluid when it flows in
p2 pressure at fluid outflow
v2 is the flow rate of fluid when it flows out
h1 is the relative height of the position of the fluid when it flows out
ρ is the fluid density
g is the acceleration of gravity
Atomizing efflux after ultrasonic atomization gets into (25) porous medium mixing chamber from (26) inlet, and above-mentioned gas gets into (25) porous medium mixing chamber from (24) air inlet, and the two carries out intensive mixing in the mixing chamber to accomplish the secondary atomizing under gaseous impact, make the atomizing liquid drop more tiny, mix simultaneously also more evenly. The porous medium mixing cavity is composed of a plurality of cavities, is similar to a honeycomb structure, gas and liquid flow displacement in the porous medium is longer, sufficient time is provided for mixing, meanwhile, the porous medium can divide a beam of gas into more beams of micro gas, and the liquid is also the same, so that the mixing area is increased, and uniform mixing is facilitated. The two inlets into the porous medium mixing cavity are both provided with inlets with reduced sections, so that the flow speed is increased.
Furthermore, in the Laval tube, (28) the contraction tube is used for fluid inflow, (29) the expansion tube is used for fluid outflow, and the front half part of the nozzle is contracted from big to small to the middle to a narrow throat. The narrow throat is expanded from small to large to the arrow bottom. The gas in the arrow bottom flows into the front half part of the nozzle under high pressure, passes through the narrow throat and then escapes from the rear half part. At this stage of flow through the nozzle, the fluid movement follows the principle of "when the fluid moves in the tube, the flow velocity is high at the small section and low at the large section", so that the gas flow is constantly accelerated. When the narrow throat is reached, the flow velocity has exceeded the speed of sound. The transonic fluid does not follow the principle of 'large flow velocity at small section and small flow velocity at large section' any more during movement, but the opposite is true, and the larger the section is, the faster the flow velocity is. Therefore, the invention applies the Laval tube principle to the nozzle, aims to improve the speed of spray jet, saves the processing cost and enhances the heat exchange effect.
Further, the conventional laser focus can only focus to a spot with a certain diameter due to spherical aberration, divergence angle, etc., and the most effective processing position is the focus position, and the effective processing distance is generally regarded as the rayleigh length ZR, which can be calculated by the following formula 1-4:
ZR=(πw0 2)/λ 1-4
in the formula: λ is the wavelength, w0The minimum spot diameter.
Further, the aspheric lens system has a better curvature radius of the aspheric lens, so that good aberration correction can be maintained to obtain the required performance. The aspheric focal lens can eliminate the influence of spherical aberration to a certain extent, realize the focusing of a smaller laser spot diameter and is beneficial to improving the laser power density. Meanwhile, the processing position can be adjusted according to the actual processing requirement, and different focusing positions are selected to realize beam processing with different energy distributions, as shown in fig. 6; the flat-top beam processing with uniformly distributed energy can realize better processing quality.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the gas-liquid spray jet cooling system and method for assisting laser processing, the gas pressure and hydraulic system is arranged, so that the flow-adjustable jet is provided, the spraying of any gas-liquid proportional mixture is realized, and the requirements of different processing scenes on the cooling system are met;
2. according to the gas-liquid spray jet cooling system and method for assisting laser processing, provided by the invention, the droplets are refined by setting ultrasonic atomization, and the diameter of the generated spray droplets is smaller; the mixing cavity with the porous medium is favorable for gas-liquid mixing, the contact area is increased, the gas-liquid mixing is more uniform, the phase change heat exchange with the residual heat in a processing area is easier, the cooling effect is enhanced, meanwhile, the small diameter of the liquid drop can reduce the unnecessary loss of laser energy, and the processing efficiency is improved;
3. according to the gas-liquid spray jet cooling system and method for assisting laser processing, the Laval pipe is adopted, fluid transmission is carried out by utilizing the principle of the Laval pipe, the flow velocity of finally sprayed spray jet is improved, the steam reverse pressure generated in material removal is better overcome, and the cooling effect of a processing area is better;
4. according to the gas-liquid spray jet cooling system and method for assisting laser processing, provided by the invention, the spherical aberration is eliminated through the aspheric lens, a tiny light spot diameter can be realized within a certain range, the laser power density in a unit area is larger, and meanwhile, the processing position is adjusted, so that flat-top beam processing with uniformly distributed energy can be realized, and the processing effect and quality are improved.
Description of the drawings:
in order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below.
FIG. 1 is a gas-liquid spray jet cooling system for ultrasonic atomization according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
FIG. 2 is an ultrasonic atomization system according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 3 is a gas-liquid atomization system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of coaxial and paraxial assisted laser processing of gas-liquid spray jet according to the embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a laval tube according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 6 shows the simulation result of the aspheric lens according to the embodiment of the present invention, where a1 is a gaussian beam spot, a2 is a gaussian beam cross section, b1 is a flat-top beam spot, b2 is a flat-top beam cross section, and c is a schematic diagram of laser focusing of the aspheric lens.
FIG. 7 illustrates a hydraulic system operation according to an embodiment of the present application.
FIG. 8 is a flow chart of the operation of the pneumatic system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
The reference numerals in the figures are explained below:
(1) a water source, (2) a filter, (3) an electromagnetic valve, (4) a hydraulic tank, (5) a hydraulic meter, (6) a hydraulic pump, (7), (17) an overflow valve, (8) an energy accumulator, (9), (16) a proportional electromagnetic valve, (10), (15) a throttle valve, (11), (14) a flow meter, (12) an ultrasonic atomization system, (13) a gas-liquid atomization system, (18) a filter, (19) a stop valve, (20) a gas source, (21) a water inlet chamber, (22) a piezoelectric ceramic ultrasonic atomization device, (23) an atomization chamber channel, (221) a sealing ring, (222) piezoelectric ceramic, (223) an atomization sheet, (2221) an atomization surface front face, (2222) an atomization surface back face, (24) a gas inlet, (25) a porous medium mixing chamber, (26) a liquid inlet, (27) a water mist outlet, (28) a contraction pipe, (29) an expansion pipe, (30) a laser, (31) the laser beam, (32) the reflector, (33) the entrance, (34) the nozzle, (35) the work piece is processed, (36) the workstation, (37) aspheric lens, (38) the water pipe entrance, (39) the Laval pipe.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention is clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to be limiting.
Example 1
In the gas-liquid spray jet laser (composite) machining cooling system based on ultrasonic atomization, the opened gas-liquid secondary atomization system comprises a hydraulic system and a pneumatic system. The hydraulic system comprises a water source (1) communicated with one end of a filter (2) through a hose from left to right, the other end of the filter (2) is connected with an electromagnetic valve (3) through a hydraulic quick connector, and the other end of the filter is sequentially connected with a hydraulic tank (4), a hydraulic meter (5), a hydraulic pump (6), an overflow valve (7), an energy accumulator (8), a proportional electromagnetic valve (9), a throttle valve (10), a flowmeter (11) and an ultrasonic atomization system (12) through the hydraulic quick connector to finish primary atomization, and finally the atomized mist flows into a liquid inlet connected with a gas-liquid atomization system (13). And simultaneously, opening an air pressure system, wherein the air pressure system comprises (20) an air source connected with one end of a stop valve (19) through a hose from left to right, and the other end of the stop valve (19) connected with a filter (18) through an air pressure quick connector, and then sequentially connected with an overflow valve (17), a proportional solenoid valve (16), a throttle valve (15) and a flow meter (14) through the air pressure quick connector. Finally, the gas flows into one end of the gas-liquid atomization system to be atomized for the second time and mixed with the atomized spray. Due to the adoption of the design of coaxial auxiliary processing, the sprayed spray corresponds to the processing position of the laser, the laser (30) is directly opened for processing, the laser beam (31) is emitted by the laser (30), is transmitted forwards through an optical path, changes the advancing direction of the laser under the action of the reflector (32), is focused through the aspheric lens (37), and the spot size of the laser is further reduced and irradiates the processing workpiece (35) on the worktable (36) for processing. Meanwhile, the spray jet after secondary atomization enters (34) the nozzle through (33) the inlet and then is sprayed out to cool the processing area, so that low-damage and high-quality processing of the workpiece is realized.
Example 2
In this example, the difference from example 1 is: and (3) adopting a paraxial auxiliary processing design, and spraying the spray jet after secondary atomization to a processing area from the side surface and cooling the spray jet as shown in the attached figure 4.
S1: the ultrasonic atomization gas-liquid atomization system is started, water flow can be adjusted through the throttle valve (10), gas flow can be adjusted through the throttle valve (15), and the throttle valve and the gas flow can be mixed in any proportion in a certain range according to actual processing requirements, so that different processing and cooling scenes are met.
S2: and (3) turning on a laser (30), wherein the laser (30) emits a laser beam (31), sequentially passes through a reflector (32) and an aspheric lens (37) to be focused and irradiates the surface of the workpiece to be processed for processing.
S3: when the paraxial nozzle sprays jet flow, the angle and the position of the paraxial jet flow are manually adjusted, the position of a laser processing action point is adjusted according to actual processing requirements, effective cooling is realized, and the processing efficiency is ensured.
The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments. Many changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations to these embodiments are within the scope of the present invention without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A gas-liquid spray jet cooling system for assisting laser processing comprises a hydraulic system, an ultrasonic atomization system, a pneumatic system, a gas-liquid atomization system, a Laval tube, an optical transmission system and an aspheric lens system,
the hydraulic system comprises a water source (1) communicated with one end of a filter (2) through a hose, the other end of the filter (2) connected with an electromagnetic valve (3) through a hydraulic quick connector, and the hydraulic quick connector is sequentially connected with a hydraulic tank (4), a hydraulic meter (5), a hydraulic pump (6), an overflow valve (7), an energy accumulator (8), a proportional electromagnetic valve (9), a throttle valve (10), a flowmeter (11) and an ultrasonic atomization system (12) which are sequentially connected through the hydraulic quick connector, and is finally connected with a liquid inlet of a gas-liquid atomization system (13),
the air pressure system comprises a (20) air source connected with a section of a (19) stop valve through a hose from left to right, the other end of the (19) stop valve is connected with a (18) filter through an air pressure quick connector, and the air pressure quick connector is sequentially connected with a (17) overflow valve, a (16) electromagnetic valve, a (15) throttle valve and a (14) flowmeter.
2. The gas-liquid spray jet cooling system for assisting laser processing according to claim 1, wherein: the proportional electromagnetic valves (9) and (16) can feed back and regulate the flow of the fluid (gas and liquid) in the system according to the numerical values of the flow meters (11) and (14).
3. The gas-liquid spray jet cooling system for assisting laser processing according to claim 1, wherein: the ultrasonic atomization system carries out ultrasonic atomization on water from the water inlet cavity (21) through the piezoelectric ceramic ultrasonic atomization device (22), atomized fluid is output through the atomization cavity channel (23), and the ultrasonic atomization system is installed behind the flowmeter (11) and in front of the gas-liquid atomization system (13).
4. The gas-liquid spray jet cooling system for assisting laser processing according to claim 1, wherein: the laser beam (31) is emitted by a laser (30), is transmitted forwards through an optical path, changes the laser irradiation direction under the action of a reflecting mirror (32), and is focused on the surface of the material through an aspheric lens (37).
5. The gas-liquid spray jet cooling system for assisting laser processing according to claim 1, wherein: the aspheric lens (37) can focus a smaller laser spot diameter, and simultaneously realize the processing of the material by the flat-top beam with uniformly distributed laser energy.
6. The gas-liquid spray jet cooling system for assisting laser processing according to claim 1, wherein: the said Laval tube (28) is a contraction tube for fluid inflow, (29) the expansion tube is a fluid outflow, the front half of the nozzle is contracted from big to small to a narrow throat,
the narrow throat is then expanded from small to large to outside,
the gas flows under high pressure into the front half of the nozzle, passes through the narrow throat and escapes from the rear half.
7. The gas-liquid spray jet cooling system for assisting laser processing according to claim 1, wherein: and in the gas-liquid atomization system, a gas inlet (24) is connected with a throttle valve (14) in the air pressure system, a liquid inlet (26) is connected with the ultrasonic atomization system (12), and finally, gas and water spray are fully mixed and secondarily atomized in a porous medium mixing cavity (25).
8. The gas-liquid spray jet cooling system for assisting laser processing according to claim 1, wherein: and (31) after being focused by the aspheric lens (37), the laser beam is vertical to the surface of the material in the same direction with gas-liquid spraying, so that coaxial auxiliary laser processing is realized.
9. The gas-liquid spray jet cooling system for assisting laser processing according to claim 1, wherein: and (31) the laser beam is focused by the aspheric lens (37) and then irradiates the surface of the material, and meanwhile, the gas-liquid spray jet flow and the laser beam form a certain angle and are sprayed in a processing area for auxiliary processing, so that paraxial auxiliary laser processing is realized.
10. The gas-liquid spray-assisted laser processing cooling system for realizing a gas-liquid spray jet cooling method for assisting laser processing according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: opening a hydraulic liquid supply system to provide a stable water source; the air pressure air supply system is opened to provide a stable air source,
s2, observing the ultrasonic atomizer to break up the stable water beam vibration into tiny water drops to form uniform water mist,
s3, adjusting the proportional electromagnetic flow valve to control the flow of the water path and the flow of the air path, observing the readings of the two flow meters, adjusting the proportion of the air and the liquid by adjusting the proportional electromagnetic flow valve,
s4: the gas-liquid atomization system uniformly mixes and outputs the water mist from the water channel and the gas in the gas channel,
s5: the final spray is sprayed through a nozzle to assist in processing in the processing area.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116673145A (en) * | 2023-07-28 | 2023-09-01 | 张家港市晨艺电子有限公司 | Atomizing nozzle for spraying robot |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116673145A (en) * | 2023-07-28 | 2023-09-01 | 张家港市晨艺电子有限公司 | Atomizing nozzle for spraying robot |
| CN116673145B (en) * | 2023-07-28 | 2023-10-31 | 张家港市晨艺电子有限公司 | Atomizing nozzle for spraying robot |
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