CN114342993A - Fish scale removing device - Google Patents

Fish scale removing device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114342993A
CN114342993A CN202210075742.5A CN202210075742A CN114342993A CN 114342993 A CN114342993 A CN 114342993A CN 202210075742 A CN202210075742 A CN 202210075742A CN 114342993 A CN114342993 A CN 114342993A
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China
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fish
rack
scale removing
fish scale
conveyor belt
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Pending
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CN202210075742.5A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
蒋亚军
史鑫
张闯
文煜超
曹昭辉
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Wuhan Polytechnic University
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Wuhan Polytechnic University
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Priority to CN202210075742.5A priority Critical patent/CN114342993A/en
Publication of CN114342993A publication Critical patent/CN114342993A/en
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of aquatic product primary processing equipment, and provides a fish scale removing device, which comprises: a frame; the conveying mechanism is arranged on the rack and comprises a conveying belt; the baffle mechanism is arranged on the rack and forms a processing channel together with the conveyor belt; the fish scale removing mechanism is arranged on the rack and positioned at the fish scale removing position, and comprises an annular spray nozzle bracket and a plurality of spray nozzles arranged in the annular spray nozzle bracket; the spectrum detection mechanism is arranged on the rack and located at the detection position, the fish body image after the fish scale is removed is obtained, the fish scale removal rate is obtained through analysis processing, if the fish scale removal rate reaches a set value, the fish scale removal rate is judged to be up to standard, the fish body is continuously conveyed to the blanking position and enters the next procedure, otherwise, the fish scale removal rate is not up to standard, and the fish body is directly dropped after being conveyed to the blanking position. The fish scale removing device can automatically remove fish scales, can detect whether the scale removing rate reaches the standard or not, and can greatly improve the quality of processed fish bodies.

Description

Fish scale removing device
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquatic product primary processing equipment, and particularly relates to a fish scale removing device.
Background
China is a big aquaculture country, the total yield of aquaculture is stable in the world leaderboard, but the overall processing rate of freshwater products is low. The fresh water fish scaling processing is an important link in the pretreatment processing process, most scaling devices in the market are integrally processed or manually processed at present, and the scaling devices are manually carried, so that the time and the labor are wasted; and the existing fish scale removing device can not detect whether the fish scale removing rate reaches the standard or not, so that the quality of the fish body is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a fish scale removing device which can automatically remove fish scales, can detect whether the scale removing rate reaches the standard or not, and can greatly improve the quality of processed fish bodies.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
there is provided a descaling device comprising:
the fish scale removing device comprises a rack, a fish scale removing device and a fish scale removing device, wherein the rack is provided with a feeding position, a fish scale removing position, a detecting position and a discharging position;
the conveying mechanism is arranged on the rack and comprises a conveying belt used for conveying the fish bodies from a feeding position to a discharging position;
the baffle mechanism is arranged on the rack and forms a processing channel which enables the fish body to be always positioned on the conveyor belt together with the conveyor belt, and when the fish body is positioned in the processing channel, the back of the fish body faces upwards, and the belly of the fish body faces downwards and is placed on the conveyor belt;
the fish scale removing mechanism is arranged on the rack and positioned at the fish scale removing position, the fish scale removing mechanism comprises an annular spray nozzle support and a plurality of spray nozzles arranged in the annular spray nozzle support, the annular spray nozzle support is vertically arranged on the rack, the conveyor belt penetrates through the annular spray nozzle support along the horizontal direction, and the spray nozzles are used for spraying high-pressure water to the upper part and the lower part of the conveyor belt;
the spectrum detection mechanism is arranged on the rack and located at the detection position, the spectrum detection mechanism acquires fish body images after fish scales are removed, the fish scale removal rate is obtained through analysis processing, if the fish scale removal rate reaches a set value, the fish scales are judged to reach the standard, the fish bodies are continuously conveyed to the blanking position and enter the next procedure, otherwise, the fish scales are not reached to the standard, and the fish bodies are directly dropped after being conveyed to the blanking position.
Optionally, the conveying mechanism includes:
the main shaft is rotatably arranged at one end of the rack;
the first driving wheel is fixedly arranged on the main shaft;
the auxiliary shaft is rotatably arranged at the other end of the rack;
the first driven wheel is fixedly arranged on the auxiliary shaft;
the first transmission chain is connected with the first driving wheel and the first driven wheel, and the first transmission chain is a conveyor belt.
Optionally, the conveying mechanism further includes:
the motor is fixedly arranged on the rack;
the second driving wheel is fixedly arranged on an output shaft of the motor;
the second driven wheel is fixedly arranged on the main shaft;
and the second transmission chain is connected with the second driving wheel and the second driven wheel.
Optionally, the baffle mechanism comprises baffles arranged on both sides of the conveyor belt.
Optionally, the device still includes letter sorting mechanism, and it is located in the frame and be located the unloading position, letter sorting mechanism is including being used for carrying the letter sorting groove of next process with the fish body from the unloading position, the one end in letter sorting groove is rotated and is installed in the frame, and when removing fish scale and reach standard, the letter sorting groove maintains the horizontality, and when removing fish scale and not reach standard, letter sorting groove downwardly rotating.
Optionally, the baffle mechanism comprises an adjustable bottom plate installed below the baffle on each side, the adjustable bottom plate is installed on the rack, and the distance between the two baffles is adjusted by adjusting the length of the adjustable bottom plate in the direction perpendicular to the conveying belt.
Optionally, the water pressure sprayed by the spray head is 1 MPA-100 MPA.
Optionally, the fish scale removing mechanisms are 2-5.
Optionally, the processing steps of the spectrum detection mechanism are as follows:
s1, collecting fish body image information by using a hyperspectral imaging system;
s2, selecting a proper threshold value to segment by utilizing the gray level histogram to complete the identification of the fish head and the fish body of the fish tail;
s3, carrying out corrosion expansion on the obtained fish body image to complete hole filling and small area removal;
s4, masking the image processed in the step S3, extracting effective image information, and removing interference factors;
and S5, segmenting the image by adopting a region growing algorithm to obtain a binary image of the descaling region, wherein the lower the spectral reflectivity is, the better the descaling rate is.
Optionally, in step S1, the hyperspectral imaging system utilizes an imaging spectrometer to achieve continuous imaging of the target fish body within a range of 200nm to 2500 nm.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the fish scale removing device has the advantages that the processing channel is limited by the baffle mechanism and the conveyor belt, fish bodies can be stably transported, when the fish bodies pass through the fish scale removing mechanism, the plurality of nozzles which are annularly arranged spray high-pressure water to the upper part and the lower part of the fish bodies, fish scales are removed by utilizing high-pressure water flow, the fish bodies after being removed with scales enter the detection position, the scale removing rate is detected by the spectrum detection mechanism, and if the scale removing rate is not up to the standard, the fish bodies fall back to the transport box; if the fish scale removing standard is met, the fish body is conveyed to the next procedure.
The fish scaling and separating device can be used as a scaling and transporting link in the whole production line for fish processing, can be connected with a front fish head and tail removing machine and a back fish viscera removing and fish body separating machine, can achieve the effect of automatic transportation of the production line while scaling, realizes automatic fish processing, has high processing efficiency and good effect, has a simple structure, meets market requirements, and can save a large amount of manpower.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fish scale removing device provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a descaling mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of the portion of the spectrum sensing mechanism of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a simplified diagram of a spectral detection mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the sorting mechanism in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of the spectrum sensing mechanism in the embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 100-a frame, 200-a conveying mechanism, 202-a main shaft, 203-a first driving wheel, 204-a secondary shaft, 205-a first driven wheel, 206-a first transmission chain, 207-a motor, 208-a second driving wheel, 209-a second driven wheel, 210-a second transmission chain, 300-a baffle mechanism, 301-a baffle, 302-an adjustable bottom plate, 400-a fish scale removing mechanism, 401-an annular nozzle support, 402-a nozzle, 500-a spectrum detection mechanism, 501-a controller, 502-a camera, 503-a light source, 504-a support, 600-a sorting mechanism, 601-a sorting groove and 602-a sorting rotating shaft.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art. In addition, in the description of the present invention, "a plurality" or "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
The following describes a descaler according to the present invention with reference to fig. 1 to 6.
As shown in fig. 1 to 2, the present invention provides a fish scaling device, comprising:
a frame 100 provided with a material loading position, a fish scale removing position, a detection position and a material unloading position;
the conveying mechanism 200 is arranged on the rack 100 and comprises a conveyor belt (in the example, the conveyor belt is the first transmission chain 206) for conveying the fish bodies from the feeding position to the discharging position, and preferably, the speed of the conveyor belt is less than 0.2 m/s;
the baffle mechanism 300 is arranged on the rack 100, forms a processing channel which enables the fish body to be always positioned on the conveyor belt together with the conveyor belt, and when the fish body is positioned in the processing channel, the back of the fish body faces upwards, and the belly of the fish body faces downwards and is placed on the conveyor belt;
the fish scale removing mechanism 400 is arranged on the rack 100 and located at a fish scale removing position, the fish scale removing mechanism 400 comprises an annular spray nozzle support 401 and a plurality of spray nozzles 402 arranged in the annular spray nozzle support 401, the annular spray nozzle support 401 is vertically installed on the rack, the conveyor belt 201 penetrates through the annular spray nozzle support along the horizontal direction, the spray nozzles 402 are used for spraying high-pressure water to the upper part and the lower part of the conveyor belt, and preferably, the water pressure sprayed by the spray nozzles is 1 MPA-100 MPA;
the spectrum detection mechanism 500 is arranged on the rack 100 and located at the detection position, the spectrum detection mechanism 500 obtains fish body images after fish scales are removed, the fish scale removal rate is obtained through analysis processing, if the fish scale removal rate reaches a set value, the fish scales are judged to reach the standard, the fish bodies are continuously conveyed to the blanking position and enter the next procedure, otherwise, the fish scales are not reached to the standard, the fish bodies fall into the transport box after being conveyed to the blanking position, and the transport box is located below the blanking position.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the conveying mechanism 200 includes a main shaft 202, a first driving wheel 203, a secondary shaft 204, a first driven wheel 205, and a first transmission chain 206, the main shaft 202 is rotatably mounted at one end of the frame 100, the first driving wheel 203 is fixedly mounted on the main shaft 202, the secondary shaft 204 is rotatably mounted at the other end of the frame 100, the first driven wheel 205 is fixedly mounted on the secondary shaft 204, the first transmission chain 206 connects the first driving wheel 203 and the first driven wheel 205, and the first transmission chain 206 is a transmission belt. The embodiment adopts the chain wheel mechanism to realize the conveying of the conveying belt, and has simple structure and stable and reliable operation.
In order to realize the automatic operation of the conveyor belt, a motor is required to be provided for driving, and therefore another chain wheel needs to be arranged on the frame to realize the transmission between the motor and the first driving wheel, so in one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the conveying mechanism further comprises a motor 207, a second driving wheel 208, a second driven wheel 209 and a second transmission chain 210, the motor 207 is fixedly installed on the frame 100, the second driving wheel 208 is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the motor 207, the second driven wheel 209 is fixedly installed on the main shaft 202, and the second transmission chain 210 connects the second driving wheel 208 and the second driven wheel 209.
The motor work drives the second driving chain through second action wheel, second driving chain and carries out the transmission, passes through the main shaft transmission again and gives first action wheel, and then drives first driving chain motion, and the fish body is through first driving chain forward motion, and when the shower nozzle, the purpose that the fish scale was got rid of is assigned to the effect of high-pressure rivers.
In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the flapper mechanism 300 includes flapper 301 disposed on both sides of the conveyor belt. When the fish body was located the processing passageway, certain clearance can be left between fish body both sides and the baffle, also accessible, and the width of preferred processing passageway is unanimous with fish body thickness, and when the fish body tail was at the front and when the operation on the conveyer belt after, the baffle because of with the contact of fish body, can play not hard up effect to the fish scale, when the fish body when fish scale mechanism was passed, high-pressure rivers can be faster go the fish scale.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, the device further includes a sorting mechanism 600 disposed on the frame 100 and located at the unloading position, the sorting mechanism 600 includes a sorting groove 601 for conveying the fish bodies from the unloading position to the next process, one end of the sorting groove 601 is rotatably mounted on the frame 100 through a sorting rotating shaft 602, when the fish scales are removed, the sorting groove maintains a horizontal state, when the fish scales are removed, the sorting groove rotates downward, the fish bodies can be inclined to fall below, and a transport box can be disposed below to recycle the fish bodies with the fish scales removed, which do not reach the standard. The controller judges whether to control the rotation of the sorting rotating shaft according to whether the fish scale removing reaches the standard. The sorting rotating shaft is fixedly connected with the sorting groove through a key, and the sorting rotating shaft is rotatably installed on the rack.
In order to accommodate fish of different thickness, the width of the treatment channel needs to be adjusted, so in one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the baffle mechanism further comprises an adjustable bottom plate 302 mounted below each side baffle 301, the adjustable bottom plate 302 is mounted on the frame 100, and the width of the treatment channel is adjusted by adjusting the distance between the two baffles along the length perpendicular to the direction of the conveyor belt. The number of the adjustable bottom plates can be set according to the length of the conveyor belt, and the longer the length is, the more the number of the adjustable bottom plates is.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, 2 to 5 fish scale removing mechanisms are provided, in this example, 2 fish scale removing mechanisms are provided, so that the fish scale removing rate can be further improved.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, the processing steps of the spectrum detection mechanism are:
s1, acquiring fish body image information by using a hyperspectral imaging system, wherein the hyperspectral imaging system realizes continuous imaging of a target fish body within a range of 200-2500 nm by using an imaging spectrometer;
s2, selecting a proper threshold value to segment by utilizing the gray level histogram to complete the identification of the fish head and the fish body of the fish tail;
s3, carrying out corrosion expansion on the obtained fish body image to complete hole filling and small area removal;
s4, masking the image processed in the step S3, extracting effective image information, and removing interference factors;
and S5, segmenting the image by adopting a region growing algorithm to obtain a binary image of the descaling region, wherein the lower the spectral reflectivity is, the better the descaling rate is.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the spectrum detection mechanism 500 includes a controller 501, a camera 502 and a light source 503, the camera 502 is mounted on a detection position of the rack 100 through a bracket 504, the light source 503 emits a light beam to irradiate on a conveyor belt at the detection position, and the camera is connected with the controller.
When the adjustable duckbilled sprayer is installed, the main shaft and the auxiliary shaft are installed on the shaft support, the shaft support is welded with the rack, the motor is in threaded connection with the motor shell, the motor shell is fixedly installed on the rack, the motor is connected with the second driving wheel through a flat key, the adjustable bottom plate is welded with the shaft support, the main shaft is connected with the first driving wheel through a flat key, and the annular sprayer support and the adjustable duckbilled sprayer are pressed tightly through nuts.
According to the fish scale removing device, fish bodies pass through the processing channel defined by the chain and the baffle plate, when the fish bodies run to the position of the spray head, the fish scales are removed by high-pressure water flow sprayed by the spray head, when the fish bodies with the fish scales removed run to the spectrum detection mechanism, pictures are taken by the camera, the scale removing rate is detected by the hyperspectral detection technology, and the fish bodies fall back to the transport box when the scale removing rate is not up to the standard; the purpose of processing fish scales is achieved, and the fish bodies are conveyed to the next executing machine accurately and reliably. The invention has high treatment efficiency, good effect and simple structure and meets the market demand.
The hyperspectral technology used in the invention is based on multispectral, and an imaging spectrometer is used for realizing continuous imaging of a target sample in the range of 200-2500 nm, so that spatial information can be obtained, spectral information can also be obtained, and the image information can directly reflect the external shape characteristics, colors, textures and other characteristics of agricultural and marine products. Preprocessing the spectral data by using a multivariate scattering correction method, reducing the dimension of the spectral data by using a continuous projection algorithm (SPA) and a regression coefficient method (RC), and extracting characteristic wavelength. And establishing a fish scaling detection model respectively aiming at the full spectrum information, the characteristic wavelength information and the segmented wavelength information.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not substantially depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and the corresponding technical solutions should fall within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A descaling device, comprising:
the fish scale removing device comprises a rack, a fish scale removing device and a fish scale removing device, wherein the rack is provided with a feeding position, a fish scale removing position, a detecting position and a discharging position;
the conveying mechanism is arranged on the rack and comprises a conveying belt used for conveying the fish bodies from a feeding position to a discharging position;
the baffle mechanism is arranged on the rack and forms a processing channel which enables the fish body to be always positioned on the conveyor belt together with the conveyor belt, and when the fish body is positioned in the processing channel, the back of the fish body faces upwards, and the belly of the fish body faces downwards and is placed on the conveyor belt;
the fish scale removing mechanism is arranged on the rack and positioned at the fish scale removing position, the fish scale removing mechanism comprises an annular spray nozzle support and a plurality of spray nozzles arranged in the annular spray nozzle support, the annular spray nozzle support is vertically arranged on the rack, the conveyor belt penetrates through the annular spray nozzle support along the horizontal direction, and the spray nozzles are used for spraying high-pressure water to the upper part and the lower part of the conveyor belt;
the spectrum detection mechanism is arranged on the rack and located at the detection position, the spectrum detection mechanism acquires fish body images after fish scales are removed, the fish scale removal rate is obtained through analysis processing, if the fish scale removal rate reaches a set value, the fish scales are judged to reach the standard, the fish bodies are continuously conveyed to the blanking position and enter the next procedure, otherwise, the fish scales are not reached to the standard, and the fish bodies are directly dropped after being conveyed to the blanking position.
2. A descaling apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the conveying mechanism comprises:
the main shaft is rotatably arranged at one end of the rack;
the first driving wheel is fixedly arranged on the main shaft;
the auxiliary shaft is rotatably arranged at the other end of the rack;
the first driven wheel is fixedly arranged on the auxiliary shaft;
the first transmission chain is connected with the first driving wheel and the first driven wheel, and the first transmission chain is a conveyor belt.
3. A descaling apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said conveying mechanism further comprises:
the motor is fixedly arranged on the rack;
the second driving wheel is fixedly arranged on an output shaft of the motor;
the second driven wheel is fixedly arranged on the main shaft;
and the second transmission chain is connected with the second driving wheel and the second driven wheel.
4. A descaling apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the baffle mechanism includes baffles disposed on both sides of the conveyor belt.
5. The fish scale removing device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a sorting mechanism disposed on the frame and located at the unloading position, wherein the sorting mechanism comprises a sorting tank for conveying the fish bodies from the unloading position to a next process, one end of the sorting tank is rotatably mounted on the frame, the sorting tank maintains a horizontal state when the scale removing is completed, and the sorting tank rotates downward when the scale removing is not completed.
6. A fish scaling device as claimed in claim 4, wherein the baffle means comprises an adjustable base plate mounted under each side baffle, the adjustable base plate being mounted on the frame to adjust the distance between the baffles by adjusting its length in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the conveyor.
7. The fish scale removing device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water pressure sprayed from the spray head is 1MPA to 100 MPA.
8. A descaling apparatus according to claim 1, wherein there are 2-5 descaling devices.
9. A descaling apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the spectral detection mechanism comprises the following processing steps:
s1, collecting fish body image information by using a hyperspectral imaging system;
s2, selecting a proper threshold value to segment by utilizing the gray level histogram to complete the identification of the fish head and the fish body of the fish tail;
s3, carrying out corrosion expansion on the obtained fish body image to complete hole filling and small area removal;
s4, masking the image processed in the step S3, extracting effective image information, and removing interference factors;
and S5, segmenting the image by adopting a region growing algorithm to obtain a binary image of the descaling region, wherein the lower the spectral reflectivity is, the better the descaling rate is.
10. The fish scale removing device of claim 1, wherein in step S1, the hyperspectral imaging system uses an imaging spectrometer to realize continuous imaging of the target fish body within a range of 200nm to 2500 nm.
CN202210075742.5A 2022-01-22 2022-01-22 Fish scale removing device Pending CN114342993A (en)

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CN113092432A (en) * 2021-04-09 2021-07-09 大连工业大学 Fluorescent response-based visualization method for descaling effect of tilapia
CN112956522A (en) * 2021-04-12 2021-06-15 中国水产科学研究院渔业机械仪器研究所 Intelligent control fish scaling equipment and method based on horizontal multi-stage roller shaft type propeller

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