CN114342663A - Self-propelled pickup-cleaning cotton landing machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a self-propelled picking-cleaning floor cotton machine, which belongs to the technical field of agricultural equipment and comprises a cotton picking device and a cotton cleaning mechanism; the cotton picking device is arranged in front of the frame and comprises cotton picking elastic teeth and a cotton picking device frame; the cotton picking elastic teeth are arranged on the cotton picking roller, and two ends of the cotton picking roller are arranged on the cotton picking device rack and are driven to rotate by the driving shaft; the rear end of the cotton picking device rack is provided with a spiral conveying mechanism, and the spiral conveying mechanism conveys picked cotton to an inlet of a primary cotton lifting pipeline and then conveys the cotton to a cotton cleaning mechanism through the suction and blowing effects of a blower; the cotton cleaning mechanism is provided with two cotton cleaning chambers, and impurities mixed in cotton are cleaned in a grading manner under the action of wind power of a blower, the gravity of the cotton mixture and the rotating force of mechanical spike teeth and saw teeth. The system provided by the invention can complete systematic processes of picking, cleaning, boxing and unloading of the fallen cotton, thereby effectively improving the harvesting efficiency of the fallen cotton.

Description

Self-propelled pickup-cleaning cotton landing machine

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and relates to equipment for picking-cleaning fallen cotton.

Background

The area of cotton planted in Xinjiang each year is more than 4000 ten thousand mu, the cotton picker is basically adopted for mechanical harvesting of the cotton in the picking operation of the cotton, the mechanical rate of cotton picking in the northern Xinjiang area is up to 95%, the picking rate of the cotton machine in the whole Xinjiang area is up to 75%, the harvesting efficiency is greatly improved, and the cost is also reduced. However, after cotton is picked by the cotton picker, more cotton generally falls to the ground, and some branch hanging cotton is not picked, so that great waste is caused, and the cotton falling to the ground is necessary to be harvested. If the fallen cotton is picked up manually, the harvesting cost of the fallen cotton is high, and the economic benefit is reduced, so that the problems of high harvesting cost and low efficiency are solved by developing and designing the fallen cotton picking-cleaning machine. However, the existing agricultural machinery equipment is not provided with a plurality of mechanical devices which are specially used for picking-cleaning the fallen cotton.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a self-propelled picking-cleaning floor cotton machine, which is used for picking up the ground cotton and the branch cotton picked by the machine and cleaning the cotton, and is used for improving the yield of the cotton, improving the efficiency of harvesting the ground cotton and reducing the economic loss.

The present invention achieves the above-described object by the following technical means.

A self-propelled picking-cleaning floor cotton machine comprises a cotton picking device and a cotton cleaning mechanism; the cotton picking device is arranged in front of the frame and comprises cotton picking elastic teeth and a cotton picking device frame; the cotton picking elastic teeth are arranged on the cotton picking roller, two ends of the cotton picking roller are arranged on the cotton picking device rack, and the cotton picking roller is driven to rotate by the driving shaft; the rear end of the cotton picking device rack is provided with a spiral conveying mechanism, and the spiral conveying mechanism conveys cotton picked by the cotton picking elastic teeth to a primary cotton lifting pipeline and then conveys the cotton to a cotton cleaning mechanism through the primary cotton lifting pipeline; the blowing mechanism is used for removing impurities mixed with cotton.

Further, the cotton picking roller comprises a channel steel and a web plate; and the two sides of the channel steel are welded on the radial plate to form a cotton picking roller, and the driving shaft and the cotton picking roller are integrally arranged.

Furthermore, the cotton picking device also comprises a shield and a profiling wheel; two ends of the shield are arranged on the cotton picking device rack and are arranged above the cotton picking roller; the profiling wheel is arranged on the cotton picking device rack and is arranged below the cotton picking roller.

Further, the blowing mechanism comprises a first blowing chamber and a second blowing chamber; the first blowing chamber is communicated with the second blowing chamber; the cotton cleaning machine comprises a first cotton cleaning chamber, a first screen and a second cotton cleaning chamber, wherein a feeding hole is formed in one side of the first cotton cleaning chamber, a partition plate with a through hole is formed in the other side of the first cotton cleaning chamber, an spike-tooth type roller and the first screen are arranged in the first cotton cleaning chamber, and the first screen is arranged below the spike-tooth type roller; the first screen is driven by a first cam to vibrate up and down; the cotton in the first cotton cleaning chamber is cleaned by the spike-tooth roller and then enters the second cotton cleaning chamber through the through hole on the clapboard.

Furthermore, a dust outlet is arranged above the first cotton cleaning chamber, and a filter screen is arranged in the dust outlet.

Further, a sawtooth type roller and a second screen are arranged in the second blowing chamber, wherein the second screen is arranged below the sawtooth type roller; the second screen is driven by a second cam to vibrate up and down; the cotton in the second cotton cleaning chamber is cleaned again through the sawtooth type roller and then enters the air inlet of the air blower through the first discharge port or the second discharge port, and the air outlet of the air blower is communicated with the cotton collecting box.

Further, the first cam is arranged on a first rotating shaft, and the first rotating shaft is driven by a first chain wheel; the second cam is arranged on a second rotating shaft, and the second rotating shaft is driven by a second chain wheel.

Furthermore, one end of the first filter screen and one end of the second filter screen are respectively connected with the first cotton cleaning chamber and the second cotton cleaning chamber through hinges, and the other end of the first filter screen and the other end of the second filter screen are driven by the first cam and the second cam to vibrate.

Furthermore, one end of the primary cotton lifting pipeline is arranged at the output end of the spiral conveying mechanism, and the other end of the primary cotton lifting pipeline is arranged at the feeding hole of the blowing mechanism; the primary cotton lifting and conveying pipeline conveys the picked ground cotton and impurity mixture to the blowing mechanism under the action of the air blower.

Furthermore, the cotton picking device further comprises a lifting mechanism, and the lifting mechanism is used for adjusting the ground clearance angle and height of the cotton picking device.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the invention innovatively designs a ground cotton picking separator which integrates picking, impurity removing, separating and boxing. The cotton picking spring teeth on the cotton picking roller are used for picking the cotton falling to the ground, the wind power of an air blower mounted on a primary lifting cotton pipeline is used for conveying the cotton falling to the ground, the spike tooth roller in the cotton cleaning mechanism is used for separating the cotton falling to the ground from branches, the cleaning is carried out according to the principle of different gravity, and the efficiency of harvesting can be effectively improved. In addition, the positions of the fan and the transmission liquid radiator are reasonably arranged, the fan of the fan is effectively utilized to radiate the transmission liquid radiator of the hydraulic driving device, and the working reliability of the system is also improved.

2. According to the cotton picking device, the liftoff angle and height of the cotton picking device are adjusted through the lifting mechanism, the profiling wheel is arranged in the cotton picking device, the cotton picking device can be adjusted along with the flatness of the ground through the profiling wheel, the cotton picking elastic teeth are prevented from being damaged due to different heights of the ground, the tail ends of the cotton picking elastic teeth are of spiral structures, the cotton picking elastic teeth have certain elasticity and can avoid damage of the external environment, and the shield is arranged above the cotton picking roller to enclose, block and fold picked seed cotton.

3. According to the cotton cleaning device, the partition plate with the through hole is arranged in the cotton cleaning mechanism, the direction of the through hole is inclined downwards, cotton which is cleaned by the first cotton cleaning chamber to remove impurities conveniently enters the second cotton cleaning chamber, the cam mechanism and the filter screen are arranged in the first cotton cleaning chamber and the second cotton cleaning chamber respectively, so that the impurities are enabled to leak from the filter screen and then fall onto the ground from the impurity outlet; the top of first clean flower room is provided with out the dirt mouth, is provided with the filter screen in the dirt mouth, and the dirt mouth is used for removing dust, and the filter screen is used for preventing cotton class from flying out from a dirt mouth.

4. The self-propelled picking-cleaning floor cotton machine can solve the existing mechanical equipment problem in the field, improve the cotton yield, reduce waste and economic loss and has good prospect.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a self-propelled fallen cotton picking separator;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the cotton picking device shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the picking cylinder of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the blowing mechanism of FIG. 1;

reference numerals:

1-cotton picking device, 2-lifting mechanism, 3-primary cotton lifting pipeline, 4-power device, 5-intermediate transmission mechanism, 6-frame, 7-walking mechanism, 8-cotton collecting box, 9-secondary cotton lifting pipeline, 10-cotton cleaning mechanism and 11-cab; 12-a shield, 13-channel steel, 14-cotton picking spring teeth, 15-a cotton picking device rack, 16-a profiling wheel and 17-a spiral conveying mechanism; 18-a web; 19-a drive shaft; 1001-shell frame, 1002-feed inlet, 1003-spike-type roller, 1004-dust outlet, 1005-first cleaning chamber, 1006-clapboard; 1007-a second flowering chamber; 1008-serrated cylinders; 1009-a blower; 1010-a first discharge port; 1011-second discharge port; 1012-second screen, 1013-second impurity outlet baffle plate, 1014-second impurity outlet; 1015-a second cam mechanism; 1016-a second shaft; 1017-a second sprocket; 1018-first miscellaneous outlet; 1019-first sundry outlet baffle; 1020-a first screen; 1021-a first cam mechanism; 1022 — a first shaft; 1023-a first sprocket.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "axial," "radial," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the present invention and for simplicity in description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be considered limiting. Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.

In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

A self-propelled picking-cleaning cotton landing machine is used for picking cotton bolls and seed cotton which land on the ground and hang on branches and trunks, and obtaining clean cotton after passing through a cotton cleaning mechanism 10; comprises a cotton picking device 1 arranged in front of a frame 6, a lifting mechanism 2, a primary cotton lifting pipeline 3, a power device 4, an intermediate transmission mechanism 5, the frame 6, a traveling mechanism 7, a cotton collecting box 8, a secondary cotton lifting pipeline 9, a cotton cleaning mechanism 10 and a cab 11; can realize picking up, gathering, cleaning separation, vanning, the systematic operation of processes such as unloading to falling to the ground cotton in proper order through above-mentioned mechanism, and have from walking function.

The cotton picking device 1 comprises a cotton picking roller consisting of a channel steel 13 and a radial plate 18, cotton picking spring teeth 14, a shield 12, a cotton picking device rack 15, a profiling wheel 16 and a spiral conveying mechanism 17; all parts in the cotton picking device 1 are fixedly connected or arranged on a cotton picking device rack 15, the protective covers 12 are welded on two sides and above the cotton picking device rack 15, and the protective covers 12 enclose and fold picked seed cotton; the cotton picking spring teeth 14 are arranged on a cotton picking roller consisting of a channel steel 13 and a radial plate 18 through bolts, and the cotton picking spring teeth 14 are orderly arranged in a plurality of rows on the cotton picking roller; the cotton picking roller is driven by the driving shaft 19 to rotate. The screw conveying mechanism 17 is arranged behind the cotton picking roller and is arranged on the cotton picking device rack 15 through a bearing seat. The profiling wheel 16 is also arranged below the cotton picking device frame 15 through a bearing seat. The cotton picking device 1 is integrally connected to the front end of the frame 6 through a hydraulic oil cylinder and a hinge rod.

The cotton cleaning mechanism 10 comprises two separated cotton cleaning chambers, a feeding hole 1002 is formed in a first cotton cleaning chamber 1005, a dust outlet 1004 with a filter screen is formed in the upper portion of the first cotton cleaning chamber, the dust outlet is used for removing dust, three spike-tooth rollers 1003 are arranged in the middle of the first cotton cleaning chamber, an arc-shaped first screen 1020 is arranged below the first cotton cleaning chamber, a first cam 1021 driven by a chain wheel is arranged on the lower surface of the first screen 1020, and the first cam drives the first arc-shaped screen 1020 to vibrate in the rotating process. A first trash outlet 1018 is also provided below the first screen 1020. A partition 1006 with through holes is arranged between the first cleaning room 1005 and the second cleaning room 1007, and the partition 1006 with through holes is positioned above the first screen 1020 and faces the second cleaning room 1007 in an inclined downward direction. The second cleaning chamber 1007 is also provided with a sawtooth roller 1008, a curved second screen 1012 is arranged below the second cleaning chamber, the lower surface of the second screen 1012 is provided with a second cam 1015 driven by a second chain wheel 1017, a second impurity outlet 1014 is arranged below the second screen 1012, and two first discharge ports 1010 and two second discharge ports 1011 are respectively arranged above and below the sawtooth roller. Two first discharge ports 1010 and second discharge ports 1011 are connected to the air inlet of the blower 1009, and the air outlet of the blower 1009 is connected to the cotton collecting box 8.

The first chain wheel 1023, the first rotating shaft 1022, the first cam 1021 and the first filter screen 1020 form a first group of vibrating assemblies, the second chain wheel 1017, the second rotating shaft 1016, the second cam 1015 and the second filter screen 1012 form a second group of vibrating assemblies, one ends of the first rotating shaft 1022 and the second rotating shaft 1016 extend out of the first blowing chamber 1005 and one end of the second blowing chamber 1007 are connected with the driving first chain wheel 1023 and the second chain wheel 1017 which are arranged outside, and the other ends of the first rotating shaft 1022 and the second rotating shaft 1016 are connected with the first cam 1021 and the second cam 1015.

One ends of the first filter screen 1020 and the second filter screen 1012 are connected with the housing 1001 of the first cleaning chamber and the second cleaning chamber through hinges, and the other ends are driven by the first cam 1021 and the second cam 1015 to reciprocate.

The cotton cleaning machine also comprises a primary cotton lifting pipeline 3 and a secondary cotton lifting pipeline 9, wherein the inlet end of the primary cotton lifting pipeline 3 is arranged at the outlet of the spiral conveying mechanism 17, and the outlet end of the primary cotton lifting pipeline 3 is connected with the feeding hole 1002 of the first cotton cleaning chamber 1005; the feed inlet of the second-stage cotton lifting pipeline 9 is connected with the first discharge port 1010 and the second discharge port 1011 of the second cotton cleaning chamber 1007, and the first discharge port 1010 and the second discharge port 1011 are connected with the feed inlet of the cotton collecting box 8. The first-stage cotton lifting pipeline 3 and the second-stage cotton lifting pipeline 9 lift and convey the mixture of the fallen cotton and the impurities under the action of the air inlet effect and the air outlet effect of the air blower.

The power device 4 comprises a diesel engine and a hydraulic driving device, the diesel engine provides power for the hydraulic driving device and the fan, and the hydraulic driving device provides power for the cotton picking device and the cotton cleaning device.

When the engine is started, the intermediate mechanism transmits the rotary power of the engine to the cotton picking device and the separating and cleaning device and the hydraulic pump, and the hydraulic pump converts the mechanical energy of the diesel engine into the pressure energy of liquid to provide power for the hydraulic motor.

During operation, a cotton picking roller of the cotton picking device rotates, the hydraulic motor drives the travelling mechanism to move forward, the cotton picking elastic teeth 14 arranged on the cotton picking roller are used for picking up the fallen cotton and the branch cotton, and then the fallen cotton is thrown to the rear spiral conveying mechanism 17 under the action of inertia force to complete the picking process. Connect and pick up the hydraulic cylinder between cotton device 1 and frame 6 and can adjust the terrain clearance of picking up cotton device 1, guarantee to pick up cotton device and can pick up the cotton that falls smoothly.

The primary cotton lifting pipeline 3 conveys the picked ground cotton and the impurity mixture to the blowing mechanism under the action of the air blower.

When the mixture of the cotton and the impurities enters the first cotton cleaning chamber 1005, the dust flies out from a filter screen dust outlet 1004 arranged above the dust outlet under the action of the wind power of the blower; the mixture of the cotton and the impurities falls into the cotton falling into the ground and enters the second blowing chamber 1007 from the partition plate 1006 with the through hole under the combined action of the beating force of the spiked roller 1003 and the gravity in the first blowing chamber 1005.

The falling cotton and impurities entering the second blowing chamber 1007 are further separated under the action of the two layers of sawtooth rollers 1008 in the second blowing chamber 1007, the separated falling cotton flies out from the first discharging port 1010 and the second discharging port 1011 of the second blowing chamber 1007, and the impurities leak out from the second screen 1012 below the second blowing chamber 1007, so that the blowing process is completed.

To prevent the accumulation of impurities on the upper surfaces of the first screen 1020 and the second screen 1012, the sprocket-driven cam mechanism may push the first screen 1020 and the second screen 1012 to reciprocate about their rotational axes to cause the impurities to be dropped from the screens and then fall onto the ground from the impurity discharge ports.

When the falling cotton flies out from the first discharge port 1010 and the second discharge port 1011 of the second blowing chamber 1007, the falling cotton is blown into the cotton collecting box 8 under the action of the blower, and the collection process of the separated falling cotton is completed.

When the cotton collecting box 8 is unloading, the hydraulic oil cylinder extends to drive the cotton collecting box 8 to rotate for a certain angle around the rotating shaft of the cotton collecting box, and then the falling cotton is automatically poured out to complete the unloading process.

When the picking device works, the engine and the driving device drive all the working parts to operate, cotton picking elastic teeth in the cotton picking device pick branch hanging cotton falling on cotton and cotton plants on the ground in a stripping mode, pick off the cotton which is not picked up completely, and then throw the cotton onto a rear spiral conveying roller to finish the picking process. The cotton pipe way of one-level lift transport will pick up fall during cotton and impurity mixture carries the blowing mechanism, and the blowing mechanism is equipped with two blowing rooms, exerts certain wind-force effect at the air-blower and realizes the twice separation of cleaning of dust, impurity and cotton, accomplishes the cotton cleaning and separating process that falls. The ground cotton separated by cleaning is sucked into a rear cotton collecting box for storage under the action of a blower. The cotton collecting box can automatically discharge materials through a hydraulic oil cylinder. Through the cooperative work of the systems, the systematic processes of picking, cleaning, boxing and unloading the falling cotton can be completed. Therefore, the self-propelled picking-cleaning cotton landing machine can effectively improve the harvesting efficiency of the cotton landing.

In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A self-propelled picking-cleaning floor cotton machine is characterized by comprising a cotton picking device (1) and a cotton cleaning mechanism (10); the cotton picking device (1) is arranged in front of the rack (6), and the cotton picking device (1) comprises cotton picking elastic teeth (14) and a cotton picking device rack (15); the cotton picking elastic teeth (14) are arranged on the cotton picking roller, two ends of the cotton picking roller are arranged on a cotton picking device rack (15), and the cotton picking roller is driven to rotate by a driving shaft (19); a spiral conveying mechanism (17) is arranged at the rear end of the cotton picking device rack (15), cotton picked by the cotton picking elastic teeth (14) is conveyed to the primary cotton lifting pipeline (3) by the spiral conveying mechanism (17) and then conveyed to the cotton cleaning mechanism (10) through the primary cotton lifting pipeline (3); the blowing mechanism (10) is used for removing impurities mixed with cotton.

2. A self-propelled pick-up-cleaning floor cotton machine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the pick-up drum comprises a channel (13) and a web (18); the two sides of the channel steel (13) are welded on the radial plate (18) to form a cotton picking roller, and the driving shaft (19) and the cotton picking roller are integrally arranged.

3. The self-propelled pick-up-cleaning floor cotton machine according to claim 1, characterized in that said cotton picking device (2) further comprises a shield (12) and a copying wheel (16); two ends of the shield (12) are arranged on the cotton picking device rack (15) and are arranged above the cotton picking roller; the profiling wheel (16) is arranged on the cotton picking device rack (15) and is arranged below the cotton picking roller.

4. The self-propelled pick-up-cleaning floor cotton machine according to claim 1, characterized in that said blowing mechanism (10) comprises a first blowing chamber (1005) and a second blowing chamber (1007); the first flowering chamber (1005) is communicated with the second flowering chamber (1007); wherein one side of the first cleaning chamber (1005) is provided with a feeding hole (1002), the other side of the first cleaning chamber is provided with a partition plate (1006) with a through hole, a spike-type roller (1003) and a first screen (1020) are arranged in the first cleaning chamber (1005), and the first screen (1020) is arranged below the spike-type roller (1003); the first screen (1020) is driven by a first cam (1021) to vibrate up and down; cotton in the first cotton cleaning chamber (1005) is cleaned by the spike-type roller (1003) and then enters the second cotton cleaning chamber (1007) through the through hole on the clapboard (1006).

5. The self-propelled pick-up-cleaning floor cotton machine as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that a dust outlet (1004) is provided above the first cleaning chamber (1005), and a filter screen is provided in the dust outlet (1004).

6. The self-propelled pick-up-cleaning floor cotton machine according to claim 4, characterized in that a serrated drum (1008) and a second screen (1012) are arranged in the second cleaning chamber (1007), wherein the second screen (1012) is arranged below the serrated drum (1008); the second screen (1012) is driven by a second cam (1015) to vibrate up and down; the cotton in the second cotton cleaning chamber (1007) is cleaned again through the sawtooth type roller (1008) and then enters the air inlet of the air blower (1009) through the first discharge hole (1011) or the second discharge hole (1010), and the air outlet of the air blower (1009) is communicated with the material collecting box (8).

7. A self-propelled pick-up-cleaning floor cotton machine according to claim 6, characterized in that said first cam (1021) is mounted on a first rotating shaft (1022), the first rotating shaft (1022) being driven by a first sprocket (1023); the second cam (1015) is mounted on a second rotating shaft (1016), and the second rotating shaft (1022) is driven by a second chain wheel (1017).

8. The self-propelled pick-up-cleaning floor cotton machine according to claim 6, characterized in that said first sieve (1020) and second sieve (1012) are hinged at one end to the first blowing chamber (1005) and second blowing chamber (1007), respectively, and are driven to oscillate at the other end by the first cam (1021) and second cam (1015).

9. The self-propelled pick-up-cleaning floor cotton machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the primary cotton lifting pipe (3) is provided with one end arranged at the output end of the screw conveying mechanism (17) and the other end arranged at the feed port (1002) of the blowing mechanism (10); the primary cotton lifting and conveying pipeline (3) conveys the mixture of the cotton falling to the ground and the impurities, which is picked up under the action of the air blower, into the blowing mechanism (10).

10. The self-propelled pick-up-cleaning floor cotton machine according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a lifting mechanism (2), said lifting mechanism (2) being used to adjust the angle and height of the cotton picking device (1) from the ground.

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