CN114341329A

CN114341329A - Composition for cleaning metal parts

Info

Publication number: CN114341329A
Application number: CN201980099801.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: J·邦塔
Original assignee: Ashland Licensing and Intellectual Property LLC
Current assignee: Shengpai Global Product Intellectual Property Co.,Ltd.
Priority date: 2019-08-27
Filing date: 2019-08-27
Publication date: 2022-04-12
Also published as: AU2019462996C1; AU2023266272A1; EP4022022A4; AU2022209330B2; AU2022209330A1; MX2022002455A; WO2021040695A1; AU2019462996A1; EP4022022A1; AU2019462996B2; CA3144853A1

Abstract

A composition for cleaning metal parts, said composition having a Hansen solubility parameter δ_D≥15、δ_P<6 and delta_HFrom about 5.5 to about 6.9. The composition includes a mixture of organic solvents, none of which is classified as a volatile organic compound, a hazardous air pollutant, or a potential carcinogen, or which has a vapor pressure of less than 0.1mmHg at 20 ℃. Further, the mixture of organic solvents comprises: a halogenated aromatic solvent having one or more halo groups and 6 to 8 carbon atoms, an organic solvent having one or more ester functional groups and 3 to 9 carbon atoms, and one or more of a linear or branched hydrocarbon solvent having 6 to 12 carbon atoms and a mono-polar partial head group or a solvent containing one or more ketone functional groups and 2 to 5 carbon atoms.

Description

Composition for cleaning metal parts

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a solvent composition for cleaning metal parts. More specifically, the composition includes a mixture of organic solvents that are excluded or not classified as volatile organic compounds, harmful air pollutants, or potential carcinogens.

Background

Metal part cleaners generally fall into two categories: chlorinated solvents and hydrocarbon solvents. Although chlorinated solvents are not flammable and are not classified as Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), they are generally considered to be a potential carcinogen, posing less than acceptable levels of health risk to the user. Hydrocarbon solvents, on the other hand, have good cleaning action and rapid evaporation without residue, however, they have varying serious health risks, including potential carcinogenic effects. These solvents (e.g., toluene, benzene, xylene, and hexane) are classified as VOCs or Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs), which limits their use in commercial environments. It would be beneficial to produce a metal part cleaner that has the solubility and cleaning performance characteristics of these conventional solvents, but does not pose the associated health risks to the user.

Disclosure of Invention

A composition for cleaning metal parts is disclosed. In one embodiment, the composition has a Hansen Solubility Parameter (Hansen Solubility Parameter) of δ D ≧ 15, δ P <6, and δ H from about 5.5 to about 6.9. In addition, the composition includes a mixture of organic solvents. In one embodiment, none of the organic solvents are classified as volatile organic compounds, hazardous air pollutants, or potential carcinogens, or wherein the solvent has a vapor pressure of less than 0.1mmHg at 20 ℃.

Specifically, the mixture of organic solvents may include: a halogenated aromatic solvent having one or more halo groups and 6 to 8 carbon atoms, wherein the halogenated aromatic solvent has a hansen solubility parameter in the range of about δ D:17-19, δ P:5-7, and δ H: 3-5; an organic solvent having one or more ester functional groups and 3 to 9 carbon atoms, wherein the hansen solubility parameter of the organic solvent is in the range of about δ D:14-16, δ P:3.5-7.5, and δ H: 5-10; and one or more of the following: a linear or branched hydrocarbon solvent having 6 to 12 carbon atoms and having a unipolar moiety head group, wherein the hydrocarbon solvent has a hansen solubility parameter in the range of about δ D:6-9, δ P:1-3, and δ H: 5-7; and a solvent comprising one or more ketone functional groups and 2 to 5 carbon atoms, wherein the solvent comprising one or more ketone functional groups has a hansen solubility parameter in the range of about δ D:14-16, δ P:8.5-11, and δ H: 5-8.

In one embodiment, the halogenated aromatic solvent is para-chlorotrifluoromethylene, which is present in an amount of about 0.25% to about 20% of the composition.

In another embodiment, the organic solvent having one or more ester functional groups is selected from the group consisting of: tert-butyl acetate, methyl acetate, dimethyl carbonate, diethylene glycol monoethyl acetate and diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate. In yet another embodiment, the organic solvent having one or more ester functional groups is tert-butyl acetate, which is present in an amount of about 25% to about 65% of the composition.

In another embodiment, the hydrocarbon solvent having a unipolar partial head group is 1-butoxyhexanol or 2-ethylhexanol, which is present in an amount of about 0.1% to about 1% of the composition.

In another embodiment, the solvent containing one or more ketone functional groups is acetone, which is present in an amount of about 5% to about 50% of the composition.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate various exemplary configurations and data and are used only to illustrate various exemplary embodiments. In the drawings, like elements have like reference numerals.

Fig. 1 is a graphical representation of the evaporation curve of various exemplary formulations.

Detailed Description

A composition for cleaning metal parts is provided. In particular, the composition comprises a mixture of organic solvents. In one embodiment, the mixture includes one or more organic solvents, wherein each organic solvent 1) is not classified or excluded as a VOC, HAP, or latent carcinogen, or 2) has a vapor pressure of less than 0.1mmHg at 20 ℃. Surprisingly, it has been found that this mixture of organic solvents has a cleaning action, solubility parameters and evaporation rate (resulting in reduced residual amounts on parts) comparable to solvents considered to pose potential health risks.

Although none of the components of the mixed composition are classified (or excluded) as VOCs, HAPs, or potential carcinogens, the resulting composition has hansen solubility parameters similar to those of these materials. In particular, the hansen solubility parameter of the mixed composition has been found to be δ_D≥14-16、δ_P<3.5-7 and delta_HFrom about 5.5 to about 6.9.

In one embodiment, the composition is created by combining the following solvents: a halogenated aromatic solvent having one or more halo groups and 6 to 8 carbon atoms, an organic solvent having one or more ester functional groups and 3 to 9 carbon atoms, and one or more of a linear or branched hydrocarbon solvent having 6 to 12 carbon atoms and a mono-polar moiety head group and a solvent containing one or more ketone functional groups and 2 to 5 carbon atoms.

In one embodiment, the halogenated aromatic solvent having one or more halo groups and 6 to 8 carbon atoms has a hansen solubility parameter in the range of about δ D:17-19, δ P:5-7, and δ H:3-5 and is present in the composition in an amount of 0.25% to 20%, preferably about 1% to about 9%, of the total amount of the composition. Further, it is understood that these halogenated aromatic solvents are not considered HAPs or potential carcinogens and are free of VOCs, or have a vapor pressure of less than about 0.1mmHg at 20 ℃. In one embodiment, the halogenated aromatic solvent is para-chlorotrifluoromethylene (PCBTF).

In another embodiment, the organic solvent having one or more ester functional groups and 3 to 9 carbon atoms has a hansen solubility parameter in the range of about δ D:14-16, δ P:3.5-7.5, and δ H:5-10, and is present in the composition in an amount of about 25% to about 65% of the total composition. Further, it is understood that these ester-containing organic solvents are not considered HAPs or potential carcinogens and are free of VOCs, or have a vapor pressure of less than about 0.1mmHg at 20 ℃. In one embodiment, the organic solvent containing the ester can be methyl acetate, dimethyl carbonate, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate/diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate (available from Eastman Chemical Company), tert-butyl acetate. In another embodiment, the solvent is tert-butyl acetate.

In another embodiment, the linear or branched hydrocarbon solvent having 6 to 12 carbon atoms and a mono-polar moiety head group has a hansen solubility parameter in the range of about δ D:6-9, δ P:1-3, and δ H:5-7, and when present in the composition, is present in an amount of about 0.1% to about 1.2%, and in another embodiment, is present in an amount of about 0.1% to about 1.0%. Further, it is understood that these linear or branched hydrocarbon solvents are not considered HAPs or potential carcinogens and exclude VOCs, or have a vapor pressure of less than about 0.1mmHg at 20 ℃. In one embodiment, the hydrocarbon solvent is 2-butoxyhexanol or 2-ethylhexanol. In another embodiment, the hydrocarbon solvent is 2-ethylhexanol.

These medium chain length organic solvents can act as surfactants, reducing the surface tension between the product and the contaminated surface. Furthermore, it has been found that organic solvents enhance the wetting action of the composition, thereby enhancing its cleaning ability, without leaving residues or adversely affecting the drying rate.

In another embodiment, the solvent containing one or more ketone functional groups and 2 to 5 carbon atoms has a hansen solubility parameter in the range of about δ D:14-16, δ P:8.5-11, and δ H:5-8, and when present in the composition, is present in an amount of about 5% to about 50%. Further, it is understood that these solvents are not considered HAPs or potential carcinogens and exclude VOCs, or have a vapor pressure of less than about 0.1mmHg at 20 ℃. In one embodiment, the solvent containing one or more ketone functional groups is acetone. It has been found that the addition of a solvent (e.g., acetone) increases the evaporation rate of the mixed composition.

Examples

Solvent Effect-various stains (soils)

When a single solvent was applied to various stains encountered in an automobile cleaning procedure, the single solvent was evaluated by visual inspection for solvation. Stains used in the tests included 10W-30 motor oil, DOT 3 brake fluid, #2 lithium-based grease, and power steering fluid. Solvation was evaluated on a relative scale: poor, normal, good and excellent. The rating is based on the ability of the solvent to mix with the stain of interest, the rate of mixing, the amount of solvent required to remove the stain from the substrate, and the amount of residue left behind by the solvent.

Test program

In one embodiment, a single solvent is evaluated. The aluminum test petri dish was prepared by applying approximately 5 drops of each stain on the petri dish. Pure (neat) solvent was added drop-wise next to each stain so that the edges of the two materials were in contact with each other. The solvation of the solvent was observed. The degree of mixing of stain and solvent and the rate of mixing were observed. Additional solvent was then added to each portion, and the petri dish was lifted to observe stain removal. Solvent was added again (about 1-2mL) by pipette to observe the spray-off characteristics of each spot/solvent combination.

Relative solvation rating scale-Table 1

The results of the hansen solubility calculations and evaporation rate data are shown in table 2 below:

TABLE 2

The results of the solvent effect data for various stains are shown in table 3 below:

TABLE 3

In this case, the solvation is easily described by the examples. "solventless" can be described as two materials, namely oil and water, that do not mix in any ratio. For example, if a drop of oil and a drop of water are brought together and the edges are in contact, they will not mix and therefore will not solvate. Rather, "excellent solvation" is thus two materials that are miscible and can be mixed in any ratio. One example is water and ethanol. If each drop is brought together and the edges are brought into contact, the two materials will mix together quickly and form a homogeneous phase. Most materials have some degree of solubility in each other. The relative scale used above describes this but also includes observations of its incidence. Excellent almost instantaneously. Well within 1-3 seconds. Typically within 5-20 seconds, and a relatively long time is required for solvation for 30 seconds to several minutes. A similar quantitative method was used for the solvent mixing test, as described below.

Solvent mixing effect-application test on different stains

In one embodiment, the solvent mixture is evaluated by visual inspection of its solvation when applied to various stains encountered in an automotive cleaning procedure. The stains used in the tests were 10W-30 motor oil, DOT 3 brake fluid, #2 lithium-based grease, and power steering fluid. Solvation was evaluated on a relative scale: poor, normal, good and excellent. The ratings were based on the ability of the solvent mixture to clear various stains on the test panels. This effect is determined by the performance of the low end 10% VOC part cleaners (Parts cleaners) and the high end 45% VOC part cleaners and characterizes the ability of the solvent mixture to mix with the stain of interest, the mixing rate, the amount of solvent mixture required to remove the stain from the substrate, and the amount of residue left behind by the solvent.

Test program

Steel test panels were prepared by the following method. NLGI #2 lithium complex grease, polyurea grease, and calcium sulfonate grease films were applied in sections to steel test panels with a rag. Approximately 3-5mL of 10w-30 conventional motor oil, DOT 3 brake fluid, and power steering fluid are then smeared in a small well (puddle) and smeared with a rag or paper towel. The plates were then baked at a temperature of 60 ℃ for about 16 hours to simulate working conditions.

After the plate is ready, byEach solvent mixture was prepared by mixing the components together in a glass beaker and then stirring the mixture for 1-2 minutes. Approximately 200g of the mixture was then charged into a standard 12 oz aerosol can. Then using CO₂The tank was pressurized to about 100PSI, shaken thoroughly, and allowed to stand for at least two hours to ensure CO₂And (4) dissolving.

Each solvent mixture was then tested by the following method. The performance of the test mixtures was compared to a Valvoline Professional Series (VPS) 10% VOC part cleaner (available from Valvoline LLC) to obtain a low performance indicia and to a VPS 45% VOC part cleaner (available from Valvoline LLC) to obtain a high performance indicia. In well ventilated areas or fume hoods, the prepared panels are placed above a catch pan. The test mixture was then sprayed on the stains in bursts (bursts) of 2-3 seconds, one for each stain type. Each test mixture was allowed to penetrate the stain for about 5-10 seconds. The test mixture was then sprayed onto the stains again, with an additional 2-3 second burst for each stain type, respectively.

Between the first burst and the second burst, and after the board dried, the cleaning performance was visually inspected. They were evaluated using the same relative rating criteria as above.

The composition of the sample solvent mixture is shown in table 4 below:

TABLE 4

Hansen solubility parameters were calculated for each sample. Data from these calculations are given in table 5 below.

TABLE 5

The results of the solvent removal data are listed in table 6 below.

TABLE 6

It is understood that if the evaporation rate of a composition is considered to be "too slow," the solvent composition may be observed to reside on the cleaning surface or surrounding area for a significant period of time (approximately 5 minutes to 10 minutes). If the evaporation rate is too slow, the contaminated surface must be cleaned by another method (rag/paper towel, etc.) before continuing.

Conversely, if the evaporation rate of one composition is considered to be "too fast," the solvent composition does not remain on the contaminated surface long enough to completely solvate the stain, nor to facilitate its transport from the surface being cleaned. This results in more product being necessary to transport the stain away from the surface of the cleaned part and may also result in a large amount of residue.

As can be seen from the above data, a blend composition containing about 25% to 30% acetone, about 97% to 65% t-butyl acetate, about 2.5% to about 5% PCBTF, and about 1% 2-ethylhexanol produced a high quality cleaning composition without the expected health risks typically associated with known metal part cleaners. In one embodiment, the mixed composition will preferably include about 29% acetone, about 67.5% t-butyl acetate, about 2.5% PCBTF, and about 1% 2-ethylhexanol, as shown in sample # 48.

There appears to be a close relationship between the stain removal efficiency and the evaporation rate of the composition, with a slow evaporation rate favoring improved stain removal. Furthermore, while a large amount of 2-ethylhexanol appears to negatively affect the evaporation rate of the overall composition, a small amount (less than 2.5% of the total weight of the mixture) of 2-ethylhexanol appears to improve the wetting of the other solvents and to help improve the stain removal of the mixed composition. While not being bound by theory, it is believed that the presence of a small amount of 2-ethylhexanol reduces the evaporation rate of the composition sufficiently for the permanent stain to fully penetrate, thereby reducing the amount of the mixed composition needed to achieve acceptable stain removal.

To this end, the evaporation rates of the exemplary formulations were compared. Approximately 3 grams of each sample was weighed onto a 3 inch watch glass and exposed to a fume hood at a head-on air speed of 109 Feet Per Minute (FPM). The weight change according to approximately 15-17 day time was recorded for each sample. The data is then plotted by weight change per minute as shown in fig. 1. With continued reference to figure 1, it was found that the methyl acetate and PCBTF formulations lost approximately 85% of their weight in 16 minutes. However, sample #48 performed much better, with only a loss of about 67.7%, and the weight of the toluene composition lost only 41.5%. The optimal evaporation rate for sample #48 allowed the formulation to stay on the stain for a longer period of time, increasing stain removal capability while minimizing residual residue.

In addition, the data show that small amounts of PCBTF (about 2.0% to about 20%) appear to have a synergistic solvating effect with acetone and t-butyl acetate. The presence of aromatic moieties and chlorinated/fluorinated functional groups may contribute to this effect.

Finally, the data show that the ability to control the evaporation rate has a large impact on the overall performance of the hybrid composition. Preferably, a "gradual" evaporation profile with increasingly lower component content and slower evaporation rate allows spot penetration, but prevents significant residual detergent residue from remaining on the contaminated part. This will ultimately improve the performance of the blended composition and reduce the amount required.

While the invention has been described with respect to specific examples including presently preferred modes of carrying out the invention, those skilled in the art will appreciate that there are numerous variations and permutations of the above described systems and techniques that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A composition for cleaning metal parts, wherein the composition has a Hansen solubility parameter, δ_DIs about 12.0 to about 16.0, delta_PIs about 3.0 to about 10.0 and delta_HFrom about 4.0 to about 6.9, and wherein the composition comprises a mixture of organic solvents, wherein none of the solvents are classified as volatile organic compounds, hazardous air pollutants, or potential carcinogens, or wherein the solvents have a vapor pressure of less than 0.1mmHg at 20 ℃, wherein the mixture of organic solvents comprises:

a halogenated aromatic solvent having one or more halo groups and 6 to 8 carbon atoms, wherein the halogenated aromatic solvent has a hansen solubility parameter at about δ_D:17-19、δ_P5-7 and delta_HIn the range of 3-5;

an organic solvent having one or more ester functional groups and 3 to 9 carbon atoms, wherein the organic solvent has a hansen solubility parameter at about δ_D:14-16、δ_P3.5-7.5 and delta_H5-10; and one or more of the following:

a linear or branched hydrocarbon solvent having 6 to 12 carbon atoms and having a mono-polar partial head group, wherein the hydrocarbon solvent has a hansen solubility parameter at about δ_D:6-9、δ_P1-3 and delta_H5-7; and

a solvent comprising one or more ketone functional groups and 2 to 5 carbon atoms, wherein the solvent comprising one or more ketone functional groups has a hansen solubility parameter at about δ_D:14-16、δ_P8.5-11 and delta_H5-8.

2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the halogenated aromatic solvent is para-chlorotrifluoromethylene, and wherein para-chlorotrifluoromethylene is present in an amount of about 0.25% to about 20% of the composition.

3. The composition of claim 1, wherein the organic solvent having one or more ester functional groups is selected from the group consisting of: tert-butyl acetate, methyl acetate, dimethyl carbonate, diethylene glycol monoethyl acetate and diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate.

4. The composition of claim 3, wherein the organic solvent having one or more ester functional groups is tert-butyl acetate, and wherein tert-butyl acetate is present in an amount of about 15% to about 95% of the composition.

5. The composition of claim 1, wherein the hydrocarbon solvent having a unipolar moiety head group is 1-butoxyhexanol or 2-ethylhexanol, and wherein the hydrocarbon solvent is present in an amount of about 0.1% to about 2.5% of the composition.

6. The composition of claim 1, wherein the solvent containing one or more ketone functional groups is acetone, and wherein acetone is present in an amount of about 5% to about 75% of the composition.

7. The composition of claim 6, wherein the organic solvent having one or more ester functional groups is selected from the group consisting of: tert-butyl acetate, methyl acetate, dimethyl carbonate, diethylene glycol monoethyl acetate and diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate.

8. The composition of claim 7, wherein the organic solvent having one or more ester functional groups is tert-butyl acetate.

9. The composition of claim 6, wherein the composition further comprises a hydrocarbon solvent having a unipolar partial head group, and wherein the hydrocarbon solvent is 1-butoxyhexanol or 2-ethylhexanol.

10. A composition for cleaning metal parts, wherein the composition has a hansen solubility parameter δ_D≥15、δ_P<6 and delta_HFrom about 5.5 to about 6.9, and wherein the composition comprises a mixture of organic solvents, and wherein none of the solvents are classified as volatile organic compounds, hazardous air pollutants, or potential carcinogens, or wherein the organic solvents have a vapor pressure of less than 0.1mmHg at 20 ℃, the mixture of organic solvents comprising:

from about 1% to about 9% of p-chlorotrifluoromethylene; and about 25% to about 70% of t-butyl acetate; and one or more of the following:

from about 0.1% to about 1% of 2-ethylhexanol, and

about 5% to about 75% acetone.

11. The composition of claim 10, wherein the composition comprises both 2-ethylhexanol and acetone.

12. The composition of claim 11, wherein the composition comprises about 25% to about 29% acetone, about 65% to about 67.5% t-butyl acetate, about 1% to about 2.5% PCBTF, and about 1% 2-ethylhexanol.