CN114341321A - 通过燃料添加剂减少燃烧发动机的摩擦 - Google Patents
通过燃料添加剂减少燃烧发动机的摩擦 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114341321A CN114341321A CN202080062976.5A CN202080062976A CN114341321A CN 114341321 A CN114341321 A CN 114341321A CN 202080062976 A CN202080062976 A CN 202080062976A CN 114341321 A CN114341321 A CN 114341321A
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Abstract
提供了用于改进燃料效率的燃料组合物。所述燃料组合物包含大于50重量％的在汽油或柴油范围内沸腾的烃燃料、少量锌螯合剂以及少量摩擦改性剂。所述摩擦改性剂包含至少一个极性基团。
Description
技术领域
本公开涉及燃料添加剂组合物。更具体地，本公开涉及可被添加到燃料中以改进内部燃烧发动机的燃料效率的摩擦改性剂添加剂。
背景技术
近年来已进行相当大的努力来改进机动车辆的燃料经济性。一般来说，汽车发动机的效率会因有效润滑的存在而大大提高，特别是在容易发生高摩擦和过度磨损的运动部件的界面处。
因此，一种改进燃料经济性的途径是开发减少发动机摩擦并从而降低能量需求的润滑剂和润滑油添加剂。然而，使用润滑油减少摩擦添加剂获得的燃料效率的改进是适度的，并且可能难以确定。
这些努力中的一部分集中在摩擦改性剂上。摩擦改性剂已被用于限滑齿轮油、自动变速箱用流体、滑道润滑剂和多用途拖拉机流体中。特别地，随着对升高的燃料经济性的渴求，已将摩擦改性剂添加到汽车曲轴箱润滑剂中。
这些摩擦改性剂一般在边界层条件下在抗磨和极压添加剂尚不具有反应性的温度下通过形成物理吸附的极性油溶性产物的薄单分子层或表现出与典型的抗磨剂或极压剂比较明显较低的摩擦的反应层来起作用。然而，在更恶劣的条件下和在混合润滑状态下，这些摩擦改性剂被添加有抗磨剂或极压剂。抗磨剂或极压剂的最常见的类型是二硫代磷酸锌(ZnDTP或ZDDP)。ZDDP通过在摩擦表面上形成厚的保护性摩擦膜(tribofilm)来限制磨损。
尽管ZDDP已在机动车辆中广泛使用了数十年，但一些最近的研究已经表明，基于磷的抗磨膜可导致薄膜、高压、润滑触点中的摩擦显著增加。这反过来可能对燃料效率具有负面影响。
摩擦改性剂是可以通过在金属表面上吸附或反应以形成薄的低剪切强度薄膜来减少边界摩擦的已知润滑油添加剂。
由于内部燃烧室中的条件与曲轴箱中的条件大不相同并且比曲轴箱中的条件恶劣得多，因此特定的添加剂或添加剂的类别对内部燃烧发动机中润滑油的性能有益这一事实并不一定意味着通过在燃料中使用与添加剂相同类型的化合物也能获得益处。因此，需要开发可以减少摩擦和/或改进燃料经济性的燃料添加剂。
发明内容
本文提供了可以作为添加剂添加到燃料中以增强内部燃烧发动机的摩擦减少和/或燃料经济性的组合物。这些燃料添加剂包括协同地相互作用从而提供意想不到的性能水平的摩擦改性剂和金属螯合剂。
本发明的一个实例包括这样的燃料组合物，其包含大于50重量％的在汽油或柴油范围内沸腾的烃燃料、少量锌螯合剂，以及少量摩擦改性剂，其中摩擦改性剂包含至少一个极性基团。
本发明的另一个实例包括这样的燃料浓缩物组合物，其包含(1)从90重量％至30重量％的在从65℃到205℃的范围内沸腾的有机溶剂，以及(2)从10重量％到70重量％的燃料效率改进剂，其包含锌螯合剂和具有至少一个极性基团的摩擦改性剂。
本发明的又一个实例包括改进火花点火式燃烧发动机中的燃料效率的方法，该方法包括向发动机供给包含锌螯合剂和具有至少一个极性基团的摩擦改性剂的燃料组合物。
附图说明
图1示出了总结几种燃料添加剂在各种发动机条件下对燃料消耗的影响的图表。
具体实施方式
为了便于本文中所阐述的公开内容的理解，在下面定义了许多术语。除非另有定义，否则本文所使用的所有技术和科学术语一般都具有与本发明所属领域中普通技术人员通常所理解的相同的含义。
“汽油”或“汽油沸程组分”是指至少主要含有C4-C12烃的组合物。在一个实施方案中，汽油或汽油沸程组分被进一步定义为是指至少主要含有C4-C12烃并且进一步具有从约100℉(37.8℃)至约400℉(204℃)的沸程的组合物。在替代的实施方案中，汽油或汽油沸程组分被定义为是指至少主要含有C4-C12烃，并且具有从约100℉(37.8℃)至约400℉(204℃)的沸程且进一步被界定为符合ASTM D4814的组合物。
术语“柴油”是指至少主要含有C10-C25烃的中间馏分燃料。在一个实施方案中，柴油被进一步定义为是指至少主要含有C10-C25烃，并且进一步具有从约165.6℃(330℉)至约371.1℃(700℉)的沸程的组合物。在替代的实施方案中，柴油如上所定义，是指至少主要含有C10-C25烃、具有从约165.6℃(330℉)至约371.1℃(700℉)的沸程，并且被进一步界定为符合ASTM D975的组合物。
术语“油溶性”意指对于给定的添加剂，提供期望活性或性能水平所需的量可通过溶解、被分散或被悬浮在具有润滑粘度的油中来掺入。通常，这意味着至少0.001重量％的添加剂可被掺入到润滑油组合物中。术语“燃料可溶性”是对被溶解、被分散或被悬浮在燃料中的添加剂的类似表述。
“少量”意指占组合物的少于50重量％，其是针对所述添加剂和针对组合物的总重量表述的，被看作是添加剂的活性成分。
“发动机”或“燃烧发动机”是这样的热发动机，其中燃料的燃烧发生在燃烧室中。“内部燃烧发动机”是这样的热发动机，其中燃料的燃烧发生在受限的空间(“燃烧室”)中。“火花点火发动机”是这样的热发动机，其中燃烧是由通常来自火花塞的火花点燃的。这与“压燃式发动机”(通常是柴油发动机)形成对比，在这种发动机中，压缩产生的热与燃料的注入一起足以在没有外部火花的情况下启动燃烧。
“锌螯合剂”是指能够螯合锌(Zn2+)离子的任何物质。
本公开描述了可被添加到燃料中以增强摩擦减少和/或改进内部燃烧发动机的燃料效率的添加剂组合物。添加剂组合物(“燃料效率改进剂”)包含至少两种组分：摩擦改性剂和锌螯合剂。当根据本公开配制时，这些组分利用了以前未知的协同作用，从而在发动机的摩擦减少和/或燃料效率方面提供了比预期更大的改进。
据信，被添加到燃料中的添加剂可能被转移到发动机活塞环区的润滑剂中，在发动机活塞环区中它可以减少摩擦和磨损，并且从而改进经济性。然而，添加到润滑剂中的添加剂可能不一定会转移到燃料中。因此，摩擦改性剂可以通过减少内部燃烧发动机的燃烧室中的摩擦来提供燃料经济性。
锌螯合剂
本发明的燃料组合物中使用的螯合剂包括可以螯合锌的有机分子。一般而言，这些螯合剂可以通过螯合环形成而与锌形成内络合物。锌螯合剂的齿合度(denticity)(即与锌结合的螯合剂的原子数)可能不同。例如，锌螯合剂可以是双齿的。
不希望受理论的限制，据信本发明的锌螯合剂可以限制由ZDDP在发动机环境中引起或引发的摩擦。当还存在本发明的摩擦改性剂时，有限的效果可被协同地增强。虽然该机理尚未被完全了解，但据信本发明的摩擦改性剂可在磷酸锌表面上形成减少摩擦膜并且/或者在发动机环境中稳定锌螯合剂。
在一些实施方案中，锌螯合剂可为燃料可溶性的。在其他实施方案中，锌螯合剂可为油溶性的。在本发明的摩擦改性剂不存在的情况下，油溶性的缺乏可能妨碍锌螯合剂与润滑剂环境中的锌物质螯合。
本发明的锌螯合剂包括二羰基化合物、双齿氮化合物、多齿氮化合物、氨基酸、柠檬酸酯、羧酸盐、胺盐，或其合适的盐。金属螯合剂是以燃料组合物的约25ppm至约5000ppm存在。
二羰基化合物可具有式1中所示的结构，其中R1和R2独立地为脂肪族的、脂肪族支化的、环状脂肪族的、芳香族的、取代的芳香族的，或不饱和(例如，烯族)的部分。
二羰基螯合剂的具体实例是乙酰丙酮。当乙酰丙酮作为双齿配体时，它常常被称为“acac”。
其他二羰基化合物包括具有式2所示结构的螯合剂，其中X是O或N并且具有正确的化合价，R1、R2和R3独立地是脂肪族的、脂肪族支化的、环状脂肪族的、芳香族的、取代的芳香族的，或不饱和(例如，烯族)的部分。另外，R2和R3也可以是H(足以满足X的化合价)。具体实例包括乙酰基乙酸乙酯、乙酰基乙酸酯和乙酰基乙酸酰胺。
式2
一些双齿氮化合物一般将具有至少一个可直接与锌配位或至少使锌与附近原子的配位稳定的氮原子。例如，双齿氮化合物可以具有下式3中所示的结构，其中R1和R2独立地为脂肪族的、脂肪族支化的、环状脂肪族的、芳香族的、取代的芳香族的、不饱和(例如，烯族)的部分，或H。氮和氧二者都可以与锌配位从而形成螯合环。
也可考虑其他双齿氮化合物。双齿氮化合物的具体实例包括异羟肟酸(式4)、酰肼(式5)、方酸(式6)、氨基甲酰基膦酸酯(式7)、噁唑啉(式8)和N-羟基脲(式9)，其中R独立地为脂肪族的、脂肪族支化的、环状脂肪族的、芳香族的、取代的芳香族的、不饱和(例如，烯族)的部分或H。
双齿氮螯合剂的其他具体实例包括氨基甲基化合物、甲基吡啶基化合物、喹啉基化合物、吡唑基(pyrazyl)化合物、5元N-杂环化合物(例如，吡咯/吡咯烷、咪唑/咪唑啉、三唑)和二乙醇异硬脂酰胺。
多齿氮化合物也可以与本发明相容。这些多齿氮化合物的具体实例包括N,N,N',N'-四(2-吡啶基甲基)-1,2-乙二胺(式10)和乙二胺四乙酸(式11)。
氨基酸
氨基酸包括可以由下面的通式表示的氨基酸：
其中R是“脂肪族”或“芳香族”侧链。氨基酸侧链可大致分类为芳香族的或脂肪族的。芳香族侧链包括芳香环。具有芳香侧链的氨基酸的实例包括例如，组氨酸(式13)、苯丙氨酸(式14)、酪氨酸(式15)、色氨酸(式16)等。非芳香族侧链被广义地分组为“脂肪族”，并且包括，例如，丙氨酸(式17)、甘氨酸(式18)、半胱氨酸(式19)等。
该一种或多种氨基酸可以是天然的和/或非天然的α-氨基酸。天然氨基酸是由遗传密码编码的氨基酸，以及由此衍生的氨基酸。这些天然氨基酸包括，例如，羟脯氨酸(式20)、γ-羧基谷氨酸(式21)和瓜氨酸(式22)。在本说明书中，术语“氨基酸”还包括氨基酸类似物和模拟物。类似物是具有与天然氨基酸相同的一般结构的化合物，但是其R基团不是天然氨基酸中发现的基团。
天然存在的氨基酸的类似物的代表性实例包括高丝氨酸(式23)、正亮氨酸(式24)、高脯氨酸(式25)和脯氨酸(式26)。氨基酸模拟物是结构不同于α-氨基酸的一般化学结构但功能与α-氨基酸相似的化合物。该氨基酸可为L-氨基酸或D-氨基酸。下面示出了代表性结构。
混杂的锌螯合剂
锌螯合剂可以由具有可变非极性基团的羧酸酯制成。锌螯合剂还可以包括多官能团的酯，包括柠檬酸酯。柠檬酸酯可以具有式27中所示的结构，其中R是烷基、烯基、环烷基、芳香族或取代的芳香族部分。
羧酸盐的具体实例包括2-乙基己酸的1,1,3,3-四甲基胍盐(TMG/2-EH)，其中TMG/2-EH如式28所示。
摩擦改性剂
摩擦改性剂是可以减少机器部件摩擦和/或磨损的添加剂。本发明的摩擦改性剂包括具有至少一个极性基团的有机摩擦改性剂。这些摩擦改性剂通常是双官能团的，因为摩擦改性剂一般还将具有长链和/或芳香族非极性基团。
极性基团可以是醇部分、酰胺部分、胺部分、酯部分等。在一些实施方案中，摩擦改性剂可以具有多于一个的极性部分(例如，二醇、二酯、烷醇酰胺等)。
摩擦改性剂可为燃料可溶性和/或油溶性的。本发明的摩擦改性剂使锌螯合剂在润滑剂环境中稳定，从而使锌螯合剂螯合锌并且还吸附到磷酸锌摩擦膜上以形成减少摩擦层。
具有酯部分的具体摩擦改性剂包括羧酸的酯、己二酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三酯、多元醇酯(例如，甘油酯、脱水山梨糖醇酯等)、聚酯，以及具有高粘度指数(VI)并且/或者可以改变流体动力学摩擦的酯。在一些实施方案中，酯可以被硼酸化。
其他相容的摩擦改性剂包括烷醇酰胺(包括极性基团封端的脂肪酰胺和多元醇胺)。具体的烷醇酰胺包括二乙醇酰胺。
胺摩擦改性剂包括烃基胺、脂肪酸胺(例如，油胺)和乙氧基化烷基胺。具体的胺类摩擦改性剂包括二乙醇胺和二异丙醇胺。
具体的摩擦改性剂被更详细地描述于例如US7678747、US8703680和US9371499中，这些专利都通过引用方式并入本文。
特别地，多元醇酯常常被用作可以由多元醇和酸(例如，支化的酸、线性饱和酸、多元酸)合成的合成基础油。多元醇酯的实例包括甘油酯、脱水山梨糖醇酯等。
具体的甘油酯包括单油酸甘油酯(或单油酸甘油基酯)，其是一种被常规添加到润滑剂组合物中的摩擦改性剂。例如，美国专利第5,114,603号和第4,683,069号描述了包含单油酸甘油酯的润滑油组合物，这些专利的相关部分都通过引用方式并入本文。
可商购获得的单油酸甘油酯的实例包括PriolubeTM 1408和RadiasurfTM 7149(即，脂肪酸的酯，包括三油酸甘油酯)。在典型的商业产品中，所生产的酯中只有约50-60摩尔％是单酯。其余的酯主要是二酯，还有少量三酯。
通常，本发明的燃料组合物含有至少0.015重量％，优选0.15重量％至2.0重量％的摩擦改性剂。
可用于本发明的甘油酯是燃料可溶性的并且优选由诸如在天然产品中发现的C12至C22的脂肪酸或其混合物制备。脂肪酸可以是饱和的或不饱和的。在天然来源的酸中发现的某些化合物可能包括含有一个酮基的里卡利酸(licanic acid)。最优选的C16至C18的脂肪酸是式R-COOH的脂肪酸，其中R是烷基或烯基。优选的脂肪酸是油酸，硬脂酸，异硬脂酸，棕榈酸，肉豆蔻酸，棕榈油酸，亚油酸，月桂酸，亚麻酸和桐酸，以及来自天然产物牛脂、棕榈油、橄榄油、花生油、玉米油、牛脚油等的酸。特别优选的酸是油酸。
甘油的脂肪酸单酯是优选的，然而，单酯和二酯的混合物可被使用。优选地，单酯和二酯的任何混合物含有至少40％的单酯。通常甘油的单酯和二酯的这些混合物含有从40重量％至60重量％的单酯。例如，商业的单油酸甘油酯含有从45重量％至55重量％的单酯和从55重量％至45重量％的二酯的混合物。然而，较高的单酯可通过使用常规蒸馏技术蒸馏甘油单酯、二酯、三酯混合物，并回收馏出产物的单酯部分来获得。这可以产生基本上全是单酯的产物。因此，本发明的燃料组合物中使用的酯可以全部是单酯，或单酯和二酯的混合物，其中所述混合物的至少75摩尔％，优选至少90摩尔％为单酯。
燃料组合物
本公开的化合物可用作烃燃料中的添加剂以防止或减少火花点火式内部燃烧发动机中的发动机爆震或提前点火事件。
本公开的化合物可使用在65℃至205℃范围内沸腾的惰性稳定亲油(即，可溶于烃燃料)有机溶剂配制成浓缩物。可使用脂肪族或芳香族的烃溶剂，诸如苯、甲苯、二甲苯，或较高沸点的芳族化合物或芳香族稀释剂。含有2-8个碳原子的脂肪族醇(诸如乙醇、异丙醇、甲基异丁基甲醇、正丁醇等)与烃类溶剂的组合也适合与本发明添加剂一起使用。在浓缩物中，添加剂的量可在从10重量％至70重量％的范围内(例如，20重量％至40重量％)。
在汽油燃料中，可使用其他众所周知的添加剂，包括含氧化合物(oxygenate)(例如，乙醇、甲基叔丁基醚)、其他抗爆剂，以及清洁剂/分散剂(例如，烃基胺、烃基聚(氧化烯)胺、琥珀酰亚胺、曼尼希反应产物、聚烷基苯氧基烷醇的芳香族酯，或聚烷基苯氧基氨基烷)。额外地，可能存在摩擦改性剂、抗氧化剂、金属钝化剂和破乳剂。
在柴油燃料中，可使用其他众所周知的添加剂，诸如降凝剂(pour pointdepressant)、流动改进剂、十六烷改进剂等。
燃料可溶性的非挥发性载送流体(carrier fluid)或油也可以与本公开的化合物一起使用。载送流体是这样的化学惰性的烃可溶性液体载体，其明显增加燃料添加剂组合物的非挥发性残留物(NVR)或无溶剂液体级分，同时不会极大地促进辛烷需求值的增加。载送流体可以是天然油或合成油，诸如矿物油、精炼石油、合成聚烷烃和烯烃，包括氢化和未氢化聚α烯烃、合成聚氧化烯衍生油，诸如美国专利第3,756,793号、第4,191,537号和第5,004,478号；以及欧洲专利申请公开第356,726号和第382,159号中描述的那些。
载送流体可以以烃燃料的35至5000重量ppm(例如，燃料的50至3000ppm)范围的量使用。当被用于燃料浓缩物中时，载送流体可以以从20重量％至60重量％(例如，30重量％至50重量％)的量存在。
已提供以下非限制性实例来举例说明本发明的一个或多个方面。
实施例1
燃料消耗测试
将添加剂添加到燃料中以制备燃料组合物样品。样品被总结在下表1中。表2总结了燃料消耗测试的各种条件。
表1
| 燃料样品编号 | 组合物 |
| 1 | 二乙醇异硬脂酰胺(DEIS) |
| 2 | 单油酸甘油酯(GMO) |
| 3 | DBU油酸酯 |
| 4 | AHPD盐 |
| 5 | AHPD |
| 6 | 无添加的基础燃料 |
| 7 | ACAC+GMO |
表2
图1示出了在各种发动机条件下燃料样品的燃料消耗测试的结果。发动机rpm范围为从1100rpm至3000rpm，而压力范围为从2巴至14巴。
Claims (20)
1.一种燃料组合物，所述燃料组合物包含：
大于50重量％的在汽油或柴油范围内沸腾的烃燃料；
少量锌螯合剂；以及
少量摩擦改性剂，其中所述摩擦改性剂包含至少一个极性基团。
2.如权利要求1所述的燃料组合物，其中所述至少一个极性基团是醇部分、酰胺部分、胺部分或酯部分。
3.如权利要求1所述的燃料组合物，其中所述金属螯合剂是以25ppm至5000ppm存在。
4.如权利要求1所述的燃料组合物，其中所述摩擦改性剂是以0.015重量％至2.0重量％存在。
5.如权利要求1所述的燃料组合物，其中所述锌螯合剂含有二羰基部分、酯部分、酰胺部分、胺部分、氨基甲基部分、甲基吡啶基部分、喹啉基部分、吡唑基部分、氮杂环部分、吡咯部分、吡咯烷部分、咪唑部分、咪唑啉部分、三唑部分或羧酸酯部分。
6.如权利要求1所述的燃料组合物，其中所述锌螯合剂是乙酰丙酮、乙酰基乙酸乙酯、乙酰基乙酸酯、乙酰基乙酸酰胺、异羟肟酸、酰肼、方酸、氨基甲酰基膦酸酯、噁唑啉、N-羟基脲、N,N,N',N'-四(2-吡啶基甲基)-1,2-乙二胺、乙二胺四乙酸、组氨酸、苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸、色氨酸、丙氨酸、甘氨酸、半胱氨酸、羟脯氨酸、γ-羧基谷氨酸、瓜氨酸、高丝氨酸、正亮氨酸、高脯氨酸、脯氨酸或2-乙基己酸的1,1,3,3-四甲基胍盐，或二乙醇异硬脂酰胺。
7.如权利要求1所述的燃料组合物，其中所述摩擦改性剂是单油酸甘油酯、二乙醇酰胺、二乙醇胺或二异丙醇胺。
8.如权利要求1所述的燃料组合物，其进一步包含含氧化合物、抗爆剂、清洁剂、分散剂、抗氧化剂、金属钝化剂、破乳剂、降凝剂、流动改进剂或十六烷改进剂。
9.一种燃料浓缩物组合物，其包含(1)从90重量％至30重量％的在从65℃到205℃的范围内沸腾的有机溶剂，以及(2)从10重量％到70重量％的包含锌螯合剂和具有至少一个极性基团的摩擦改性剂的燃料效率改进剂。
10.如权利要求9所述的燃料浓缩物组合物，其中所述至少一个极性基团是醇部分、酰胺部分、胺部分或酯部分。
11.如权利要求9所述的燃料浓缩物组合物，其中所述锌螯合剂含有二羰基部分、酯部分、酰胺部分、胺部分、氨基甲基部分、甲基吡啶基部分、喹啉基部分、吡唑基部分、氮杂环部分、吡咯部分、吡咯烷部分、咪唑部分、咪唑啉部分、三唑部分或羧酸酯部分。
12.如权利要求9所述的燃料浓缩物组合物，其进一步包含含氧化合物、抗爆剂、清洁剂、分散剂、抗氧化剂、金属钝化剂、破乳剂、降凝剂、流动改进剂或十六烷改进剂。
13.一种改进火花点火式燃烧发动机的燃料效率的方法，所述方法包括：
向所述发动机供给包含锌螯合剂和具有至少一个极性基团的摩擦改性剂的燃料组合物。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法，其中所述至少一个极性基团是醇部分、酰胺部分、胺部分或酯部分。
15.如权利要求13所述的方法，其中所述锌螯合剂含有二羰基部分、酯部分、酰胺部分、胺部分、氨基甲基部分、甲基吡啶基部分、喹啉基部分、吡唑基部分、氮杂环部分、吡咯部分、吡咯烷部分、咪唑部分、咪唑啉部分、三唑部分或羧酸酯部分。
16.如权利要求13所述的方法，其中所述锌螯合剂是乙酰丙酮、乙酰基乙酸乙酯、乙酰基乙酸酯、乙酰基乙酸酰胺、异羟肟酸、酰肼、方酸、氨基甲酰基膦酸酯、噁唑啉、N-羟基脲、N,N,N',N'-四(2-吡啶基甲基)-1,2-乙二胺、乙二胺四乙酸、组氨酸、苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸、色氨酸、丙氨酸、甘氨酸、半胱氨酸、羟脯氨酸、γ-羧基谷氨酸、瓜氨酸、高丝氨酸、正亮氨酸、高脯氨酸、脯氨酸或2-乙基己酸的1,1,3,3-四甲基胍盐，或二乙醇异硬脂酰胺。
17.如权利要求13所述的方法，其中所述摩擦改性剂是以0.015重量％至2.0重量％存在。
18.如权利要求13所述的方法，其中所述锌螯合剂是以所述燃料组合物的25ppm至5000ppm存在。
19.如权利要求13所述的方法，其中所述燃料组合物进一步包含含氧化合物、抗爆剂、清洁剂、分散剂、抗氧化剂、金属钝化剂、破乳剂、降凝剂、流动改进剂或十六烷改进剂。
20.如权利要求13所述的方法，其中所述发动机在介于1000rpm至3000rpm之间运行。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US201962898398P | 2019-09-10 | 2019-09-10 | |
| US62/898,398 | 2019-09-10 | ||
| PCT/IB2020/058090 WO2021048677A1 (en) | 2019-09-10 | 2020-08-31 | Reducing friction in combustion engines through fuel additives |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN114341321A true CN114341321A (zh) | 2022-04-12 |
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| CN202080062976.5A Pending CN114341321A (zh) | 2019-09-10 | 2020-08-31 | 通过燃料添加剂减少燃烧发动机的摩擦 |
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| Country | Link |
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| US (1) | US20220333027A1 (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP4028494A1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP2022546866A (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR20220062013A (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN114341321A (zh) |
| AU (1) | AU2020346427A1 (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA3152983A1 (zh) |
| CO (1) | CO2022004445A2 (zh) |
| MX (1) | MX2022002937A (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO2021048677A1 (zh) |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20220062013A (ko) | 2022-05-13 |
| EP4028494A1 (en) | 2022-07-20 |
| US20220333027A1 (en) | 2022-10-20 |
| MX2022002937A (es) | 2022-06-09 |
| JP2022546866A (ja) | 2022-11-09 |
| AU2020346427A1 (en) | 2022-03-24 |
| CO2022004445A2 (es) | 2022-04-29 |
| CA3152983A1 (en) | 2021-03-18 |
| WO2021048677A1 (en) | 2021-03-18 |
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