CN114336556A - Mixed type superconducting direct current limiter and self-adaptive mixed current limiting method - Google Patents
Mixed type superconducting direct current limiter and self-adaptive mixed current limiting method Download PDFInfo
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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Abstract
The invention discloses a mixed type superconducting direct current limiter and a self-adaptive mixed current limiting method, wherein the mixed type superconducting direct current limiter comprises a main current limiting unit, an auxiliary current limiting unit and an energy absorbing unit; the main current limiting unit is connected with the auxiliary current limiting unit in series, the energy absorbing unit is arranged on a series branch of the main current limiting unit and the auxiliary current limiting unit in parallel, and the main current limiting unit comprises a rectangular closed iron core, a superconducting winding arranged on the rectangular closed iron core, a copper winding and a direct current power supply connected with the superconducting winding; the auxiliary current limiting unit consists of a reactor L and a current limiting resistor R which are connected in parallel1Composition is carried out; the energy absorption unit consists of a diode D and a normal conducting resistor R2The diode D is connected in parallel in a branch circuit formed by the main current limiting unit and the auxiliary current limiting unit in an anti-parallel mode. When a short-circuit fault occurs in a direct-current system, the system can quickly respond and inhibit fault current; the automatic resistance-inductance mixed current limiting can be realized, the fault current rise rate can be effectively limited, and the fault current peak value can be reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power protection, in particular to a novel hybrid superconducting direct current limiter and a self-adaptive hybrid current limiting method.
Background
The high-voltage direct-current transmission system based on the voltage source type converter can quickly rise to several times or even dozens of times of rated current when a direct-current side short circuit fault occurs. However, the conventional hybrid dc circuit breaker is difficult to satisfy the requirements in terms of operating speed and breaking capacity. Configuring a superconducting direct current limiter is one of the effective ways to assist the breaker in breaking.
The pure resistance type superconducting dc current limiter can reduce the maximum short-circuit current and the breaking capacity of the circuit breaker, but has a problem of long recovery time. The pure inductance type superconducting direct current limiter can obviously limit the rising speed of the fault current, but cannot effectively reduce the steady-state value of the direct current fault current; and because of lacking the necessary energy absorption link, the energy in the current-limiting inductance is discharged slowly, so that the larger the current-limiting inductance is, the longer the required recovery time is; in addition, the large inductance also prolongs the fault line isolation time, and the stored electromagnetic energy may cause damage to the lightning arrester in the dc circuit breaker due to thermal overload.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a hybrid superconducting direct current limiter and a self-adaptive hybrid current limiting method, which realize self-adaptive resistance-inductance current limiting when a direct current system fails, and solve the problems that the short-circuit current peak cannot be effectively limited only by inductance current limiting, and the fault current clearing time can be prolonged.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a mixed type superconductive direct current limiter comprises a main current limiting unit, an auxiliary current limiting unit and an energy absorbing unit; the main current limiting unit is connected with the auxiliary current limiting unit in series, the energy absorbing unit is arranged on a series branch of the main current limiting unit and the auxiliary current limiting unit in parallel, wherein:
the main current limiting unit comprises a rectangular closed iron core, a superconducting winding arranged on the rectangular closed iron core, a copper winding and a direct-current power supply connected with the superconducting winding;
the auxiliary current limiting unit consists of a reactor L and a current limiting resistor R which are connected in parallel1Composition is carried out;
the energy absorption unit consists of a diode D and a normal conducting resistor R2The diode D is connected in parallel in a branch circuit formed by the main current limiting unit and the auxiliary current limiting unit in an anti-parallel mode.
The invention relates to a self-adaptive mixed current limiting method of a mixed type superconducting direct current limiter, which comprises the following steps of:
when the high-voltage direct-current transmission system normally operates, the hybrid superconducting direct-current limiter and the direct-current breaker are connected in series in a system line, an iron core of a main current limiting unit of the hybrid superconducting direct-current limiter is in a saturated state, the magnetic conductivity is very low, and the main current limiting unit externally presents low impedance; the DC load current flows through the reactor L and the current limiting resistor R1Is bypassed; the diode D bears reverse voltage, and the energy absorption unit is not connected with a circuit;
t＝t0at the moment, the high-voltage direct-current transmission system has a short-circuit fault, the iron core of the main current limiting unit is desaturated and enters an unsaturated region along with the rise of fault current, the magnetic conductivity is rapidly increased, and at the moment, the main current limiting unit externally has an inductive current limiting effect to limit the rise rate of the fault current; the fault current is automatically shunted to the current limiting resistor R in the auxiliary current limiting unit1In the branch, the auxiliary current limiting unit mainly has a resistive current limiting effect to the outside, so that the auxiliary current limiting unit and the main current limiting unit are matched together to realize resistive and inductive combined current limiting, the fault current rise rate is limited, and the fault current peak value is limited; at the moment, the diode D of the energy absorption unit is not conducted;
t＝t1at the moment, an energy consumption branch in the direct current breaker is put into use, the direct current breaker starts to cut off fault current, the main current limiting unit and the reactor L induce reverse voltage along with attenuation of the direct current fault current, at the moment, the diode D bears the forward voltage to be conducted, and the energy absorption resistor R is connected with the power supply2Putting a fault loop into the breaker to accelerate the breaker to cut off short-circuit faults;
t＝t2at that moment, the dc circuit breaker completely cuts off the fault current. Residual electromagnetic energy in main current limiting unit and reactor L of mixed type superconducting direct current limiter is through resistor R1、R2And releasing until the hybrid superconducting direct current limiter recovers.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the self-adaptive resistance-inductance hybrid current limiting can be realized by quick response, the fault current rise rate can be effectively limited, and the fault current peak value can be reduced;
2. when the device is matched with a direct current breaker to clear faults, the energy dissipation of a lightning arrester in the direct current breaker can be obviously reduced, and the direct current breaker can be assisted to quickly clear fault current;
3. after the fault is cleared, residual electromagnetic energy in the main current limiting unit and the auxiliary current limiting unit can be discharged through the energy absorption unit quickly, and therefore quick recovery of the superconducting current limiter body can be achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a topological diagram of a hybrid superconducting DC current limiter according to the present invention;
fig. 2(a) is a topological diagram of a hybrid superconducting dc current limiter and a hybrid dc circuit breaker according to the present invention;
FIG. 2(b) is a topological diagram of a hybrid superconducting DC current limiter and a general DC circuit breaker according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a voltage source converter based high voltage direct current transmission system (VSC-HVDC);
FIG. 4 is a waveform diagram of short-circuit fault current in a DC system under two conditions of only using a main current limiting unit and using a hybrid superconducting DC current limiter of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a graph of the energy consumption of the dc circuit breaker in both cases of using only the main current limiting unit and using the hybrid superconducting dc current limiter of the present invention;
reference numerals:
1. the device comprises a main current limiting unit, 2, an auxiliary current limiting unit, 3, an energy absorbing unit, 4, a superconducting winding, 5, a copper winding, 6, a rectangular closed iron core, 7, a direct current power supply, 81, 82, a first alternating current system, a second alternating current system, 91, 92, a first converter station, a second converter station, 10, a hybrid superconducting direct current limiter, 11 and a hybrid direct current breaker.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 shows a topology diagram of a hybrid superconducting dc current limiter according to the present invention. The hybrid superconducting direct current limiter consists of a main current limiting unit 1, an auxiliary current limiting unit 2 and an energy absorption unit 3. The main current limiting unit 1 is connected with the auxiliary current limiting unit 2 in series, and a branch formed by connecting the main current limiting unit 1 and the auxiliary current limiting unit 2 in series is connected with the energy absorption unit 3 in parallel; the main current limiting unit 1 consists of a superconducting winding 4, a copper winding 5, a rectangular closed iron core 6 and a direct current power supply 7, and the auxiliary current limiting unit 2 consists of a reactor L and a current limiting resistor R1The energy absorption unit 3 is composed of an anti-parallel diode D and an energy absorption resistor R2Are connected in series.
The magnetomotive force generated by the superconducting winding in the main current limiting unit 1 is opposite to the magnetomotive force generated by the copper winding.
The current limiting capability of the main current limiting unit 1 depends on the coupling degree of the copper winding and the iron core, namely, the vector sum of the magnetomotive force generated by the copper winding and the total magnetomotive force formed in the iron core by the magnetomotive force generated by the superconducting winding. When a direct current system fails, because the vector directions of the two magnetomotive forces are opposite to each other in the iron core, the instantly increased direct short-circuit current enables the magnetomotive force generated in the copper winding to be increased rapidly and to exceed the magnetomotive force generated by the superconducting winding rapidly, the vector sum of the magnetomotive forces in the iron core is reduced rapidly, and the iron core originally in a deep saturation area is enabled to be rapidly separated from the saturation state and move to a linear area. In the process, the magnetic conductivity in the iron core is increased, and the main current limiting unit 1 presents large inductance to the outside.
Preferably, the reactor in the auxiliary current limiting unit 2 may be an air core reactor, and may also be an iron core reactor.
When the high-voltage direct-current transmission system normally operates, the rectangular closed iron core 7 is in a saturated state, and the main current limiting unit 1 presents small inductance. At this time, the load current flows through the reactor L in the auxiliary current limiting unit 2, and the current limiting resistor R connected in parallel with the reactor L1Is bypassed. Meanwhile, the diode D bears reverse voltage to be turned off, so that the energy absorption unit 3 cannot be connected into a circuit.
After the short-circuit fault occurs in the high-voltage direct-current transmission system, the high-voltage direct-current transmission system is short-circuitedThe fault current rises rapidly, the rectangular closed iron core 7 in the main current limiting unit 1 is desaturated and enters a non-saturation region, and the main current limiting unit 1 rapidly generates large inductance to limit the rising rate of the fault current. Meanwhile, due to the blocking effect of the reactor L in the auxiliary current limiting unit 2, the rapidly rising fault current can be automatically shunted to the current limiting resistor R connected with the reactor L in parallel1Therefore, the auxiliary current limiting unit 2 and the main current limiting unit 1 are matched together to realize resistance-inductance composite current limiting.
After a lightning arrester in the direct current breaker is put into use, fault current begins to attenuate. At the moment, reverse voltage is induced at two ends of the mixed type superconducting direct current limiter, so that the diode D is conducted by bearing the forward voltage, the energy absorption unit 3 is connected into a fault loop, the attenuation of fault current is accelerated, and the energy consumption of a lightning arrester in the direct current breaker is shared.
After the fault line is isolated, the residual electromagnetic energy in the main current limiting unit and the reactor passes through a parallel current limiting resistor R1And an energy absorption resistor R2And (4) consumption.
The dc circuit breaker includes various types, including solid state type, mechanical type and hybrid type, and its common feature is that it is composed of a breaking branch and an energy consuming branch with an arrester connected in parallel, as shown in fig. 2 (a). A hybrid dc circuit breaker is a common type of dc circuit breaker.
Further, as shown in fig. 2(b), a series topology diagram of the hybrid superconducting dc current limiter and the hybrid dc circuit breaker of the present invention is shown. The working principle of the adaptive hybrid current limiting method of the present invention is described in conjunction with fig. 2(b) as follows:
when the system normally operates, the hybrid superconducting direct current limiter and the direct current breaker are connected in series in a system line, an iron core of a main current limiting unit of the hybrid superconducting direct current limiter is in a saturated state, the magnetic conductivity is very low, and the main current limiting unit externally presents low impedance; the DC load current flows through the reactor L and the current limiting resistor R1Is bypassed; the diode D bears reverse voltage, and the energy absorption unit cannot be connected into a circuit.
t＝t0At the moment, the high-voltage direct-current transmission system has short-circuit fault, and as the fault current rises, the iron core of the main current limiting unit is desaturated and enters non-saturation stateIn a saturation region, the magnetic conductivity is rapidly increased, and at the moment, the main current limiting unit externally shows an inductive current limiting effect to limit the rising rate of fault current; at the moment, the rapidly-changed fault current is automatically shunted to the current limiting resistor R in the auxiliary current limiting unit1In the branch, the auxiliary current limiting unit mainly has a resistive current limiting effect to the outside; therefore, the auxiliary current limiting unit and the main current limiting unit are matched together to realize resistance-inductance composite current limiting, so that the fault current rise rate can be limited, and the fault current peak value can be limited; at the moment, the diode D of the energy absorption unit is not conducted;
t＝t1at the moment, the energy consumption branch circuit in the direct current circuit breaker is put into use, and the circuit breaker begins to cut off fault current. Because of the attenuation of the direct current fault current, the main current limiting unit and the reactor L induce reverse voltage, at the moment, the diode D bears the forward voltage and is conducted, and the energy absorption resistor R is connected2Putting a fault loop into the breaker to accelerate the breaker to cut off short-circuit faults;
t＝t2at that moment, the dc circuit breaker completely cuts off the fault current. Residual electromagnetic energy in main current limiting unit and reactor L of mixed type superconducting direct current limiter is through resistor R1、R2And releasing until the hybrid superconducting direct current limiter recovers.
As shown in fig. 3, is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a voltage source converter based high voltage direct current transmission system (VSC-HVDC). The hybrid superconducting direct current limiter and the hybrid direct current breaker matched with the hybrid superconducting direct current limiter for removing line faults are shown in the figure. The hybrid superconducting dc current limiter 101 and the hybrid dc breaker 102 according to the present invention are disposed between the first converter station 91 and the second converter station 92, and the first converter station 91 and the second converter station 92 are connected to the first ac system and the second ac system 81 and 82, respectively.
The operation parameters of the high-voltage direct-current transmission system comprise rated voltage of +/-200 kV, rated capacity of 400MVA, direct-current capacitance of 200 muF, direct-current line resistance of 0.0139 omega/m, line inductance of 0.159mH/m and line length of 100 km. Assuming that a system has a two-pole short circuit fault at the position of 5km of an outlet of the first converter station, and the energy consumption branch circuit in the hybrid direct current circuit breaker is put into fault current removal after 4 ms.
The invention analyzes the effect of using the main current limiting unit with inductive current limiting function and the novel mixed type superconductive DC current limiter.
Fig. 4 shows waveforms of short-circuit fault current of dc system in case of only using main current limiting unit and using the hybrid superconducting dc current limiter of the present invention. Fig. 5 is a graph of energy consumption of the dc circuit breaker in both cases of using only the main current limiting unit and the hybrid superconducting dc current limiter of the present invention. The comparison and analysis show that compared with the situation that only the main current limiting unit is arranged, the mixed type superconducting direct current limiter has stronger capacity in the aspects of resistance-inductance current limiting, fault line isolation acceleration and lightning arrester energy consumption pressure relief in the direct current breaker.
Compared with the current limiting only by the main current limiting unit, the novel hybrid superconducting direct current limiter not only can effectively limit the rise rate of the fault current, but also can reduce the peak value of the fault current. When clearing the trouble with the cooperation of direct current circuit breaker, can show and reduce arrester energy dissipation in the direct current circuit breaker, can assist direct current circuit breaker to realize the quick clear of fault current. After the fault is cleared, the superconducting direct current limiter can realize quick recovery.
Claims (4)
1. A mixed type superconductive direct current limiter is characterized by comprising a main current limiting unit, an auxiliary current limiting unit and an energy absorption unit; the main current limiting unit is connected with the auxiliary current limiting unit in series, the energy absorbing unit is arranged on a series branch of the main current limiting unit and the auxiliary current limiting unit in parallel, wherein:
the main current limiting unit comprises a rectangular closed iron core, a superconducting winding arranged on the rectangular closed iron core, a copper winding and a direct-current power supply connected with the superconducting winding;
the auxiliary current limiting unit consists of a reactor L and a current limiting resistor R which are connected in parallel1Composition is carried out;
the energy absorption unit consists of a diode D and a normal conducting resistor R2The diode D is connected in parallel in a branch circuit formed by the main current limiting unit and the auxiliary current limiting unit in an anti-parallel mode.
2. A hybrid superconducting direct current limiter according to claim 1, wherein preferably, the reactor in the auxiliary current limiting unit is an air core reactor or a core reactor.
3. A hybrid superconducting direct current limiter according to claim 1, wherein the magnetomotive force generated by the superconducting windings in the main current limiting unit is in a direction opposite to the magnetomotive force generated by the copper windings.
4. An adaptive hybrid current limiting method based on a hybrid superconducting direct current limiter according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of:
when the high-voltage direct-current transmission system normally operates, the hybrid superconducting direct-current limiter and the direct-current breaker are connected in series in a system line, an iron core of a main current limiting unit of the hybrid superconducting direct-current limiter is in a saturated state, the magnetic conductivity is very low, and the main current limiting unit externally presents low impedance; the DC load current flows through the reactor L and the current limiting resistor R1Is bypassed; the diode D bears reverse voltage, and the energy absorption unit is not connected with a circuit;
t＝t0at the moment, the high-voltage direct-current transmission system has a short-circuit fault, the iron core of the main current limiting unit is desaturated and enters an unsaturated region along with the rise of fault current, the magnetic conductivity is rapidly increased, and at the moment, the main current limiting unit externally has an inductive current limiting effect to limit the rise rate of the fault current; the fault current is automatically shunted to the current limiting resistor R in the auxiliary current limiting unit1In the branch, the auxiliary current limiting unit mainly has a resistive current limiting effect to the outside, so that the auxiliary current limiting unit and the main current limiting unit are matched together to realize resistive and inductive combined current limiting, the fault current rise rate is limited, and the fault current peak value is limited; at the moment, the diode D of the energy absorption unit is not conducted;
t＝t1at the moment, an energy consumption branch in the direct current breaker is put into use, the direct current breaker starts to cut off fault current, the main current limiting unit and the reactor L induce reverse voltage along with attenuation of the direct current fault current,at this time, the diode D bears the forward voltage to conduct, and the energy absorption resistor R2Putting a fault loop into the breaker to accelerate the breaker to cut off short-circuit faults;
t＝t2at that moment, the dc circuit breaker completely cuts off the fault current. Residual electromagnetic energy in main current limiting unit and reactor L of mixed type superconducting direct current limiter is through resistor R1、R2And releasing until the hybrid superconducting direct current limiter recovers.
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