CN114336001A - Antenna units, arrays, devices and terminals - Google Patents

Abstract

The embodiment of the application provides an antenna unit, an array, a device and a terminal, wherein the antenna unit comprises: a metal floor; a first support disposed on the metal floor; a first antenna disposed on the first support; a feeding structure disposed in the first support and connected to the metal floor and the first antenna, respectively; a first shield member provided in the first support member and connected to the metal floor; the first shield is configured as an electromagnetic bandgap structure. The antenna unit adopts a double-layer stacked capacitor feed patch antenna structure with an electromagnetic band gap structure (EBG) structure, reduces the isolation between the antenna units, reduces the distance between the antenna units, widens the radiation direction of the antenna units, and increases the bandwidth and the phase scanning angle of the antenna units.

Description

Antenna units, arrays, devices and terminals

technical field

Embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of antenna technologies, and in particular, to an antenna unit, an array, a device, and a terminal.

Background technique

With the development of mobile communication, the fifth-generation mobile communication technology (5th-Generation, 5G) is gradually popularizing. Due to the limited internal space of 5G terminal equipment, the antenna needs to have a small size while satisfying the transmission and reception of millimeter-wave signals, and to provide a large phase scanning angle. Due to the wide distribution of millimeter-wave frequency bands, in order to obtain higher millimeter-wave frequency band coverage, millimeter-wave antenna units need to work in two frequency bands, and both frequency bands need to provide wider bandwidths. In addition, mmWave antenna units are also required to enable bidirectional transmission and reception to reduce the effects of polarization mismatch. At present, it is difficult for commonly used millimeter-wave antenna units to fully meet the needs of 5G terminal equipment.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The following is an overview of the topics detailed in this article. This summary is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the claims.

Embodiments of the present application provide an antenna unit, an array, an apparatus, and a terminal.

According to a first aspect of the embodiments of the present application, there is provided an antenna unit, including: a metal floor; a first support member, the first support member being disposed on the metal floor; and a first antenna, the first antenna provided on the first supporting member; a feeding structure, the feeding structure is provided in the first supporting member and is respectively connected with the metal floor and the first antenna; a first shielding member, the The first shield is arranged in the first support and is connected to the metal floor; the first shield is arranged in an electromagnetic bandgap structure.

The antenna unit provided by the embodiment of the present application can transmit and receive millimeter wave signals in two directions, and the working bandwidth can meet the high bandwidth requirements of the millimeter wave frequency band. Improving the phase sweep angle and the isolation between the antenna units can meet the application in millimeter wave communication of 5G terminals.

According to a second aspect of the embodiments of the present application, an antenna array is provided, including: at least two antenna units according to the first aspect.

According to a third aspect of the embodiments of the present application, an antenna device is provided, including: the antenna array according to the second aspect.

According to a fourth aspect of the embodiments of the present application, a terminal is provided, including: the antenna unit according to the second aspect.

An embodiment of the present application provides an antenna unit, including: a metal floor; a first support member, the first support member is disposed on the metal floor; and a first antenna, the first antenna is disposed on the first a supporting member; a feeding structure, the feeding structure is arranged in the first supporting member, and is respectively connected with the metal floor and the first antenna; a first shielding member, the first shielding member is arranged in the first support member and connected with the metal floor; the first shield member is arranged in an electromagnetic bandgap structure. The antenna unit adopts the antenna structure of the electromagnetic bandgap structure EBG, thereby reducing the isolation between the antenna units and reducing the distance between the antenna units. At the same time, the radiation direction of the antenna unit is widened, and the bandwidth and the sweep angle of the antenna unit are increased.

Other features and advantages of the present application will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the present application. The objectives and other advantages of the application may be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the description, claims and drawings.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an antenna unit structure in an embodiment of the present application;

2 is a schematic diagram of an antenna unit structure in an embodiment of the present application;

3 is a schematic diagram of an antenna unit structure in another embodiment of the present application;

4 is a schematic diagram of an antenna unit structure in another embodiment of the present application;

5 is a schematic diagram of an antenna unit structure in an embodiment of the present application;

6 is a schematic diagram of an antenna array structure in an embodiment of the present application;

7 is a schematic diagram of an antenna array structure in another embodiment of the present application;

8 is a schematic diagram of an antenna array structure in another embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the return loss of the antenna unit in an embodiment of the present application;

10 is a schematic diagram of the return loss of the antenna array in an embodiment of the present application;

11 is a low frequency radiation pattern of an antenna array in an embodiment of the present application;

12 is a high-frequency radiation pattern of an antenna array in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 13 is a one-dimensional sweep angle diagram of an antenna array in an embodiment of the present application.

Reference number:

Antenna unit 100; first antenna unit 101; second antenna unit 102; third antenna unit 103; fourth antenna unit 104; first antenna 110; The adhesive structure 130 ; the second antenna 140 ; the second radiation sheet 141 ; the parasitic structure 142 ; the second support member 150 ; the first shield member 160 ;

Detailed ways

In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more clearly understood, the present application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application, but not to limit the present application. If there is no conflict, the embodiments in this application and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other arbitrarily.

The terms "first", "second" and the like in the description and claims and the above drawings are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence.

In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection Connection, or integral connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication of two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood in specific situations.

Before further describing the embodiments of the present application in detail, the nouns and terms mainly involved in the embodiments of the present application are described. The nouns and terms involved in the embodiments of the present application are suitable for the following explanations.

1) Defective Ground Structure (DGS), DGS is to etch a periodic or aperiodic grid structure on the ground metal plate of the microstrip line, change the distributed inductance and distributed capacitance of the transmission line, and obtain the band-stop characteristic and slow speed. wave characteristics.

2) Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG), EBG is a periodic structure that can control the propagation of electromagnetic waves. By correctly choosing the size, material and shape of the scattering medium, electromagnetic waves can be rendered incapable of propagating in certain frequency bands.

3) Gain (dB), the ratio of the power density of the signal generated by the actual antenna and the ideal radiating element at the same point in space under the condition of equal input power.

4) Isolation (S12), reverse transmission coefficient, that is, the ratio of the signal transmitted by one antenna and received by the other antenna to the signal of the transmitting antenna.

5) Input return loss (S11), reflection coefficient, ie a parameter of the performance of a part of the incident power being reflected back to the signal source.

6) Scattering parameters (S), the S parameter is the scattering parameter, which is used to evaluate the performance of the analyte to transmit and transmit signals. Among them, the S parameters mainly include input return loss S11 and isolation S12.

The technical solutions of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described below are part of the embodiments of the present application, but not all of the embodiments.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna unit 100 in an embodiment of the present application. The antenna unit 100 shown in FIG. 1 includes: a metal floor 170 , a first support member 120 , a first antenna 110 , a feeding structure 180 , and a first shield member 160 . The first support member 120 is disposed on the metal floor 170 , the first antenna 110 is disposed on the first support member 120 , and the feeding structure 180 is disposed in the first support member 120 and is connected to the metal floor 170 and the first antenna 110 respectively , the first shielding member 160 is arranged in the first supporting member 120 and is connected with the metal floor 170, and the first shielding member 160 is arranged as an electromagnetic bandgap structure.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a structure of an antenna unit 100 provided by another embodiment of the present application. The antenna unit 100 shown in FIG. 2 includes: a first antenna 110, a second antenna 140, a first support 120, a second support 150, a feeding structure 180, a first shield 160, and a metal floor 170; The two supporting members 150 are arranged between the first antenna 110 and the second antenna 140 ; the feeding structure 180 is arranged between the first antenna 110 and the metal floor 170 ; the metal floor 170 is connected to the first shield 160 and the first shield 160 An electromagnetic bandgap structure EBG is provided. It can transmit and receive millimeter wave signals in both directions, and the working bandwidth can meet the high bandwidth requirements of the millimeter wave frequency band. The first shield of the EBG structure is designed under the metal floor and the antenna, which can improve the sweep angle and the distance between the antenna units 100. The isolation between them can meet the application of 5G terminal millimeter wave communication.

In some embodiments, the first antenna 110 may be configured to include the first radiating sheet 111 configured as an octagonal structure. An annular through hole 112 is arranged in the first first radiation sheet 111 . Different from FIG. 1 , due to the change in the structure of the first antenna 110 in FIG. 2 , the feeding structure 180 is also changed from one in FIG. 1 to two in order to realize dual-polarized antenna characteristics.

In some embodiments, the antenna unit 100 may include: a first antenna 110 , a feeding structure 180 , a first shielding member 160 , a first supporting member 120 , and a metal floor 170 . The first support 120 is disposed between the metal floor 170 and the first antenna 110, and the first support 120 is connected to the first antenna 110; the first shield 160 is disposed between the metal floor 170 and the first support 120, the first The shielding member 160 is connected to the metal floor 170 , the first shielding member 160 is provided as a part including the electromagnetic bandgap structure EBG, the feeding structure 180 is provided between the metal ground 170 plate and the first antenna 110 , and the feeding structure 180 is connected to the metal floor 170 and the first antenna 110 .

In some embodiments, FIG. 2 shows a side view of the first shield 160 . The first shield 160 includes a bottom post and a top plate. The bottom column is connected to the metal floor 170 , and the top plate is located inside the first support member 120 . The material and shape of the top plate can be arbitrarily selected to match the working frequency of the first antenna, block signal transmission in other frequency bands, and improve the stability of the antenna unit 100 in the working frequency band.

In some embodiments, the top plate is configured to match the resonant frequency of the first antenna 110 . Due to the electromagnetic field bandgap structure can control the propagation of electromagnetic waves. By carefully selecting the size, material and shape of the scattering medium, electromagnetic waves can be rendered incapable of propagating in certain frequency bands. Therefore, by arranging the top plate of the first shielding member 160, the signal transmission of other frequency bands can be restricted.

In some embodiments, the first support 120 and the second support 150 are fabricated from the same substrate and remain the same size as the metal floor 170 . It can improve industrial production efficiency and facilitate processing.

The antenna unit 100 provided by the embodiments of the present application is described below with reference to FIGS. 3-4 .

FIG. 3 shows a schematic structural diagram of the second antenna 140. As shown in FIG. 3, the second antenna 140 includes: a second radiating sheet 141, and the second radiating sheet 141 can be set to an octagonal structure; further, the second radiating sheet 141 The sheet 141 may be configured as a rectangular structure including cut corners.

In some embodiments, the second radiation sheet 141 is arranged to further include a portion of a hollow structure, and the hollow structure is arranged within the second radiation sheet 141 . The arrangement of the hollow structure can achieve better matching of the operating frequencies between the first radiating sheet 111 and the second radiating sheet 141 and improve the gain of the antenna unit 100 .

In some embodiments, the second antenna 140 further includes: a parasitic structure 142 , and the parasitic structure 142 is disposed on the first support 120 . Since the second antenna 140 uses capacitive feeding, the increase of the bandwidth will lead to poor isolation of the dual-polarized ports. Setting the parasitic structure 142 can improve the isolation between the ports and improve the performance of the antenna unit 100 .

In some embodiments, the parasitic structure 142 includes parasitic patches arranged in a ring-shaped array structure surrounding the second radiating patch 141 . The parasitic structure 142 may be provided with a surrounding frame, a spacer, a baffle, and a guide plate. The parasitic structure 142 may be provided as an open structure. As shown in Figure 3, the number of parasitic patches is set to four, which can improve the isolation between ports. When the resonant frequency is set to 41GHz, the electrical length corresponding to the parasitic patch is 0.26λ. When the resonant frequency is set to 39GHz, the electrical length corresponding to the parasitic patch is 0.22λ. The length of the parasitic patch is set according to the resonance frequency, which can improve the isolation between the ports.

FIG. 4 shows a schematic structural diagram of the first antenna 110 . As shown in FIG. 4 , the first antenna 110 includes: a first radiating sheet 111 , and the first radiating sheet 111 includes a portion configured as an annular through hole 112 . The middle part of the annular through hole 112 is connected to the feeding structure 180 to realize the feeding of the first radiating sheet 111 . Setting the annular through hole 112 can change the resonant frequency of the first radiating sheet 111 and adjust the working characteristics, so as to set the antenna array.

In some embodiments, the first radiation sheet 111 further includes an octagonal structure that can be configured; further, the first radiation sheet 111 can be configured to be a rectangular structure with cut corners. The resonant frequency of the first radiating patch 111 can be changed by adopting the cut-angle design. When the resonant frequency is set to 28 GHz, the electrical length corresponding to the parasitic patch is 0.27λ.

In some embodiments, the antenna unit 100 applies capacitive feeding. The bottoms of the first radiation sheet 111 and the second radiation sheet 141 are provided with two ports, which can realize 0° and 90° dual polarization. The diameter of the feed probe includes 0.15mm. Using a standardized design can improve the production efficiency of the antenna unit 100 and ensure that the antenna unit 100 has stable performance.

In some embodiments, the antenna unit 100 further includes: an adhesive structure 130 disposed between the second support member 150 and the first antenna 110 . The adhesive structure 130 can adopt a standard industrial thickness and keep the same size as the second support member 150, which can improve production efficiency and reduce cost.

In some embodiments, the first radiating sheet 111 is used to generate a higher resonant frequency, so as to transmit and receive high-frequency signals in the 5G millimeter-wave signal. The second radiating sheet 141 is used to generate a lower resonant frequency, so as to transmit and receive low-frequency signals in the 5G millimeter-wave signal.

In some embodiments, the shape and size of the first radiating sheet 111 and the second radiating sheet 141 can be adjusted to change their resonant frequencies. When adjusting the first radiating sheet 111 and the second radiating sheet 141 , it is necessary to adjust and match the parasitic structure 112 , the annular through hole 142 and the cut angle, so as to improve the working performance of the antenna unit 100 .

In some embodiments, the antenna unit 100 is a rectangular parallelepiped with a length, width, and height of 4.1 mm, 4.1 mm, and 1.03 mm, respectively, which has high space utilization and can be applied to millimeter wave communication in a terminal.

The antenna unit 100 provided by the embodiment of the present application is described below with reference to FIG. 5 .

FIG. 5 is a top view of the structure of the antenna unit 100 provided by an embodiment of the present application. The antenna unit 100 shown in FIG. 5 includes a first radiating sheet 111 , a parasitic structure 142 , a second radiating sheet 141 and an annular through hole 112 . The second radiation sheet 141 and the parasitic structure 142 are located above the first radiation sheet 111 and the annular through hole 112 . The second radiation sheet 141 is used for providing high frequency millimeter wave frequencies, and the first radiation sheet 111 is used for providing low frequency millimeter wave frequencies. The antenna unit 100 can widen the radiation direction of the antenna unit, and realize communication on multiple millimeter wave communication frequency bands.

The antenna array provided by the embodiment of the present application is described below with reference to FIG. 6 .

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an antenna array structure provided by an embodiment of the present application. The antenna array shown in FIG. 6 includes: a first antenna unit 101 , a second antenna unit 102 , a third antenna unit 103 , a fourth antenna unit 104 and a second shield 190 . Setting four antenna units can independently adjust the amplitude and phase of the feeding current of the first antenna unit 101, the second antenna unit 102, the third antenna unit 103, and the fourth antenna unit 104, so that the array antenna can realize different functions .

In some embodiments, the single antenna unit 100 may be configured as a rectangular parallelepiped; further, the length, width and height of the rectangular parallelepiped may be 5.5 mm, 4.1 mm and 1.03 mm respectively.

The following describes the electromagnetic field bandgap structure EBG of the antenna array provided by the embodiments of the present application with reference to FIGS. 7-8 .

Figure 7 shows a top view of an electromagnetic field bandgap structure EBG in an antenna array. Figure 8 shows a side view of the electromagnetic field bandgap structure EBG. As shown in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 , the top of the first shielding member 160 is provided in a rectangular shape with cylindrical protrusions. The electromagnetic field bandgap structure EBG is connected to the metal floor, which can improve the isolation between the antenna units 100 and widen the radiation pattern of the antenna unit 100. Using the electromagnetic field bandgap structure EBG as shown in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 can transform the one-dimensional phase The scanning angle is increased to more than 80°, which can better meet the requirements of 5G devices for millimeter wave transmission and reception.

In some embodiments, the antenna array includes at least two antenna elements 100 as described above. By using multiple antenna units 100, the amplitude and phase of the feeding current of each antenna unit 100 can be adjusted independently, so that the array antenna has various functions.

In some embodiments, a second shield 190 is disposed between the antenna units 100 . The provision of the second shielding member 190 can improve the isolation performance between the antenna units 100 and further improve the performance of the antenna array.

In some embodiments, the second shield 190 is configured to include portions of the defective ground structure DGS.

The antenna device of the embodiment of the present application includes at least one antenna array as described above.

In some embodiments, the assembly method of the antenna device can be adjusted according to actual requirements, and the antenna device can be formed by assembling a plurality of antenna units 100 on a metal floor. The number of antenna units 100 shown in FIG. 6 is 4*8, which can transmit and receive millimeter wave signals in the 26GHz frequency band and the 39GHz frequency band.

The terminal in this embodiment of the present application includes at least one antenna array as described above.

In some embodiments, a terminal may be a device that may be, for example, a wireless electronic device, a mobile phone, a mobile tablet, a laptop computer, a watch device, a wearable device, a tablet computer, or an Internet of Things (IoT) device.

The simulation results of the antenna unit 100 and the antenna array provided by the embodiments of the present application are described below with reference to FIGS. 9-13 .

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the return loss of the antenna unit 100 in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 9 , the return loss of the antenna unit 100 is based on the standard that S11 is less than -10dB, the low frequency impedance bandwidth of the antenna unit 100 is 24.6-28.4GHz, and the relative bandwidth is 14.34%. The high frequency bandwidth is 36.2-43.8GHz, and the relative bandwidth is 19.00%. The antenna unit 100 has low return loss in the high-frequency and low-frequency millimeter wave ranges, and can provide stable and high-speed millimeter wave signals for 5G terminals.

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the return loss of the antenna array in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 10, with the input return loss S11 less than -10dB as the standard, the low-frequency impedance bandwidth of the antenna array is 24.5-27.8GHz, the relative bandwidth is 12.62%, the high-frequency bandwidth is 36.1-43.8GHz, and the relative bandwidth is 19.27% . The transmitting and receiving interval of the antenna array is basically the same as that of the antenna unit 100, and the antenna array can be used to expand the function of the antenna, and at the same time realize the sending and receiving of signals.

FIG. 11 is a low frequency radiation pattern of an antenna array in an embodiment of the present application. FIG. 12 is a high-frequency radiation pattern of an antenna array in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figures 11 and 12, the maximum gain of the antenna array is 10.4dB at 26GHz and 11.9dB at 39GHz. The radiation direction coverage of the antenna array is high, which can meet the signal transmission and reception requirements of 5G terminals.

FIG. 13 is a one-dimensional sweep angle diagram of an antenna array in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in Figure 13, the one-dimensional sweep angle of the antenna array of the antenna array is greater than 80°, and the attenuation is less than 1.4dB. It has a good sweep angle and can be applied to 5G terminals for millimeter wave signal transmission and reception.

The above is a specific description of the preferred implementation of the application, but the application is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. Those skilled in the art can also make various equivalent deformations or replacements on the premise of not violating the spirit of the application. These Equivalent modifications or substitutions are included within the scope defined by the claims of the present application.

Claims (16)

1. An antenna unit, comprising:

a metal floor;

a first support disposed on the metal floor;

a first antenna disposed on the first support;

a feeding structure disposed in the first support and connected to the metal floor and the first antenna, respectively;

a first shield member provided in the first support member and connected to the metal floor; the first shield is configured as an electromagnetic bandgap structure.

2. The antenna unit of claim 1, wherein the first shield comprises:

the bottom column is arranged on the metal floor and is connected with the metal plate;

the top plate is arranged on the bottom column and is connected with the bottom column.

3. An antenna unit according to claim 2, characterized in that the top plate is arranged to match the resonance frequency of the first antenna to limit signal transmission in other frequency bands.

4. The antenna unit of claim 1, wherein the first antenna comprises:

the first radiation piece is of an octagonal structure.

5. The antenna unit of claim 4, wherein the first radiating patch has a hollow structure therein.

6. The antenna unit of any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising:

a second antenna;

a second support disposed on the first antenna and connected with the second antenna.

7. The antenna unit of claim 6, wherein the second antenna comprises:

a second radiation sheet disposed on the second support, the second radiation sheet configured to include an octagonal structure.

8. The antenna unit of claim 7, wherein the second radiating patch further comprises a hollow portion disposed as a hollow structure, the hollow portion being disposed within the second radiating patch.

9. The antenna unit of any one of claims 7 or 8, wherein the second antenna further comprises:

a parasitic structure disposed on the second support.

10. The antenna element of claim 9, wherein the parasitic structure comprises:

and the parasitic patch is arranged into an annular array structure surrounding the second radiating sheet.

11. The antenna unit of claim 6, further comprising:

and the bonding structure is arranged on the first support and is respectively connected with the first antenna and the second support.

12. An antenna array comprising at least two antenna elements according to any of claims 1-11.

13. An antenna array according to claim 13 wherein a second shield is provided between the antenna elements.

14. An antenna array according to claim 14, wherein the second shield is provided as part of the DGS comprising a defective ground structure.

15. An antenna arrangement comprising an antenna array according to any of claims 12 to 14.

16. A terminal, characterized in that it comprises an antenna array according to any of claims 12 to 14.

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