CN114334201A - High temperature gas cooled reactor fuel ball integrity detection device based on X-ray tomography - Google Patents
High temperature gas cooled reactor fuel ball integrity detection device based on X-ray tomography Download PDFInfo
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- CN114334201A CN114334201A CN202210028584.8A CN202210028584A CN114334201A CN 114334201 A CN114334201 A CN 114334201A CN 202210028584 A CN202210028584 A CN 202210028584A CN 114334201 A CN114334201 A CN 114334201A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-temperature gas cooled reactor fuel ball integrity detection device based on X-ray tomography, wherein an outlet of a feeding system is communicated with an inlet of an emitter through a first ball path counter, a second ball path counter and a conveying single device, an outlet of the emitter is communicated with a second opening of an inlet distributor through a slope pipeline, a first opening of the inlet distributor is communicated with a first opening of an outlet distributor through a measuring pipeline, a second opening of the outlet distributor is communicated with a discharging system through a third ball path counter and a fourth ball path counter, and a pneumatic lifting system is communicated with the emitter through a transmission control valve; the X-ray detection device is sleeved on the measuring pipeline, the outlet of the slope pipeline is provided with the ball entering positioner, the device can be used for detecting the surface defects and the volume defects of the spherical fuel elements of the high-temperature gas cooled reactor, and screening of the damaged spherical fuel elements is completed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of nuclear reactor fuel detection, and relates to a high-temperature gas cooled reactor fuel ball integrity detection device based on X-ray tomography.
Background
The nuclear fuel element is a core component for providing fission energy for a nuclear reactor, a large amount of fissile nuclides and induced radionuclides are generated in the fission process, wherein the large amount of the radionuclides are enveloped in the nuclear fuel element of the reactor, the enveloping layer of the nuclear fuel element is a fuel element enveloping layer which is generally called a first barrier of a nuclear power plant, and the integrity of the first barrier is important guarantee for the safety of the nuclear power plant. Nuclear fuel element integrity testing of pressurized water reactors has proven experience and methodology with on-line radionuclide monitoring and integrity testing of nuclear fuel assemblies in the discharge state. The high-temperature gas cooled reactor is a first nuclear power generator set with four-generation technical characteristics in the world, a non-stop reactor refueling mode is adopted, a 60 mm-diameter spherical fuel element is used, nuclear fuel flows among equipment and pipelines of a reactor, a loading and unloading system, a new fuel system, a spent fuel system and other systems, the fuel element can be damaged to a certain extent, and the design damage rate is less than 2 x 10 < -4 >. The system designed by the current high-temperature gas cooled reactor can only identify the large-volume breakage of the fuel elements and cannot identify the small-volume breakage (because the missing part is less and the flow of the fuel ball is not influenced), if the fuel ball with the defects continuously flows in the reactor core and the system, the risk that the fuel ball is stuck in a pipeline (namely, the fuel ball is stuck) is increased, the broken fuel ball continuously participates in the nuclear fission reaction, and radioactive substances penetrate through the broken cladding layer to increase the radioactivity of the primary circuit.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a device for detecting the integrity of a fuel ball of a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor based on X-ray tomography, which can detect the surface defect and the volume defect of a spherical fuel element of the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor and complete the screening of the damaged spherical fuel element.
In order to achieve the purpose, the device for detecting the integrity of the fuel spheres of the high-temperature gas cooled reactor based on X-ray tomography comprises a feeding system, a discharging system, a pneumatic lifting system, a negative pressure ventilation system, a sphere path cleaning system, a slope pipeline, a first sphere path counter, a second sphere path counter, a third sphere path counter, a fourth sphere path counter, a conveying single device, a transmitter, an inlet distributor, an outlet distributor, an X-ray detection device, a transmission control valve and a control and data processing system;
the outlet of the feeding system is communicated with the inlet of the emitter through a first ball path counter, a second ball path counter and a conveying single device, the outlet of the emitter is communicated with a second opening of the inlet distributor through a slope pipeline, a first opening of the inlet distributor is communicated with a first opening of the outlet distributor through a measuring pipeline, a second opening of the outlet distributor is communicated with the discharging system through a third ball path counter and a fourth ball path counter, and the pneumatic lifting system is communicated with the emitter through a transmission control valve; the X-ray detection device is sleeved on the measurement pipeline, and a ball inlet positioner is arranged at the outlet of the slope pipeline;
the control and data processing system is connected with the ball inlet positioner, the X-ray detection device, the emission control valve, the outlet distributor, the inlet distributor, the third ball path counter, the fourth ball path counter, the first ball path counter and the second ball path counter.
The included angle between the slope pipeline and the horizontal plane is 5-10 degrees.
The X-ray detection device comprises an X-ray machine, an X-ray receiving plate, a fixed support, a shielding shell, a fixed ring, a sliding ring, a rotary controller, an electric penetration piece and a support column;
the fixed ring is arranged on the inner wall of the shielding shell through the fixed support, the sliding ring is embedded in the fixed ring, the X-ray machine and the X-ray receiving plate are arranged on the inner wall of the sliding ring through the supporting columns, the X-ray machine and the X-ray receiving plate are symmetrically distributed relative to the axis of the measuring pipeline, the rotary controller is connected with the control end of the sliding ring, the control and data processing system is connected with the X-ray machine, the X-ray receiving plate and the rotary controller through the electric penetrating piece, and the image presenting device is connected with the control and data processing system.
The measuring pipeline is made of ultrasonic high-penetrability materials.
The ball path cleaning system is also included; and the third opening of the outlet distributor and the third opening of the inlet distributor are communicated with the ball path cleaning system.
The shielding shell is communicated with a negative pressure ventilation system.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
when the X-ray tomography-based high-temperature gas cooled reactor fuel ball integrity detection device is in specific operation, the integrity detection of the high-temperature gas cooled reactor spherical fuel element is realized through the X-ray detection device so as to adapt to the rapid ball flow state of the high-temperature gas cooled reactor during non-shutdown refueling, wherein X-ray detection signals have strong penetrability, and multi-angle measurement is realized by adopting a rotatable design so as to improve the detection efficiency and accuracy of the fuel ball. The invention can detect the surface defect of the fuel element, and can carry out deep inspection on the volume defect of the damaged fuel element, thereby realizing the functions of automatic analysis, judgment control and storage of data.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
fig. 2 is an axial structural view of the X-ray detection device 9;
fig. 3 is a radial configuration view of the X-ray detection device 9.
Wherein, 1-1 is a feeding system, 1-2 is a discharging system, 2 is an air lifting system, 3 is a negative pressure ventilation system, 4 is a ball path cleaning system, 5-1 is a first ball path counter, 5-2 is a second ball path counter, 5-3 is a third ball path counter, 5-4 is a fourth ball path counter, 6 is a conveying singler, 7 is a transmitter, 8-1 is an inlet distributor, 8-2 is an outlet distributor, 9 is an X-ray detection device, 10 is a transmission control valve, 11 is a slope pipeline, 12 is a ball inlet positioner, 13 is a fuel ball, 14 is an electric penetration piece, 15 is a control and data processing system, 16 is an image presentation device, 17 is a fixed support, 18 is a shielding shell, 19 is a slip ring, 20 is a support column, 21 is a high-penetrability material, 22 is a fixed ring, 23 is an X-ray machine, An X-ray receiving panel 24 and a rotation controller 25.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present disclosure. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
There is shown in the drawings a schematic block diagram of a disclosed embodiment in accordance with the invention. The figures are not drawn to scale, wherein certain details are exaggerated and possibly omitted for clarity of presentation. The shapes of various regions, layers and their relative sizes and positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely exemplary, and deviations may occur in practice due to manufacturing tolerances or technical limitations, and a person skilled in the art may additionally design regions/layers having different shapes, sizes, relative positions, according to actual needs.
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, the fuel sphere integrity detection device of the high temperature gas cooled reactor based on X-ray tomography according to the present invention comprises a feeding system 1-1, a discharging system 1-2, an air lifting system 2, a negative pressure ventilation system 3, a sphere path cleaning system 4, a first sphere path counter 5-1, a second sphere path counter 5-2, a third sphere path counter 5-3, a fourth sphere path counter 5-4, a single delivery unit 6, an emitter 7, an inlet distributor 8-1, an outlet distributor 8-2, an X-ray detection device 9, an emission control valve 10, a slope pipeline 11 and a control and data processing system 15;
the outlet of the feeding system 1-1 passes through a first ball path counter 5-1, the second ball path counter 5-2 and the single conveying device 6 are communicated with an inlet of the emitter 7, an outlet of the emitter 7 is communicated with a second opening of the inlet distributor 8-1 through a slope pipeline 11, a first opening of the inlet distributor 8-1 is communicated with a first opening of the outlet distributor 8-2 through a measuring pipeline, a second opening of the outlet distributor 8-2 is communicated with the discharging system 1-2 through a third ball path counter 5-3 and a fourth ball path counter 5-4, a third opening of the outlet distributor 8-2 and a third opening of the inlet distributor 8-1 are communicated with the ball path cleaning system 4, and the pneumatic lifting system 2 is communicated with the emitter 7 through an emission control valve 10; the X-ray detection device 9 is sleeved on the measurement pipeline;
the control and data processing system 15 is connected with the X-ray detection device 9, the emission control valve 10, the outlet distributor 8-2, the inlet distributor 8-1, the third ball path counter 5-3, the fourth ball path counter 5-4, the first ball path counter 5-1 and the second ball path counter 5-2.
The slope pipeline 11 has the function that the fuel ball 13 can slowly enter the measuring pipeline under the action of gravity after coming out of the single conveying device 6, the included angle between the slope pipeline 11 and the horizontal plane is 5-10 degrees, the included angle can ensure that the fuel ball 13 can have enough power to overcome friction force and cannot be blocked in the pipeline before stopping, the fuel ball 13 can be prevented from flowing too fast and cannot be stopped by the X-ray detection device 9, and the ball entering positioner 12 is prevented from being damaged by being impacted by the high-speed fuel ball 13.
The outlet of the slope pipeline 11 is provided with a ball entering positioner 12, the ball entering positioner 12 is used for stopping the fuel ball 13 and placing the fuel ball 13 at the position of the X-ray probe, the ball entering positioner 12 has three positions, namely, a ball cutting position, a ball entering position and a volleyball, the initial state of the ball entering positioner 12 is the ball cutting state, after the fuel ball 13 enters the X-ray detection device 9, the ball entering positioner 12 sends a fuel ball 13 entering position signal, and the X-ray detection device 9 is started to perform X-ray detection on the fuel ball 13. After receiving a detection ending instruction sent by the control and data processing system 15, the entering ball positioner 12 puts the fuel ball 13 away, and at the moment, the entering ball positioner 12 is opened to be at the volleyball position; when the third and fourth ball path counters 5-3 and 5-4 detect the passage of the fuel ball 13, the control and data processing system 15 issues a command to return the ball entry locator 12 to the initial ball cut position.
The X-ray detection device 9 comprises an X-ray machine 23, an X-ray receiving plate 24, a fixed support 17, a shielding shell 18, a fixed ring 22, a sliding ring 19, a rotary controller 25, an electric penetration piece 14 and a support column 20, wherein the fixed ring 22 passes through the fixed support 17 and the inner wall of the shielding shell 18, the sliding ring 19 is embedded in the fixed ring 22, the sliding ring 19 can rotate, and the maximum rotation angle of the sliding ring 19 is 360 degrees. The rotation controller 25 receives actually measured rotation angle signals and control command signals to rotate the slip ring 19 so as to cover the fuel to be detected all around, the X-ray machine 23 and the X-ray receiving plate 24 are installed on the inner wall of the slip ring 19 through the supporting column 20, the X-ray machine 23 and the X-ray receiving plate 24 are symmetrically distributed relative to the axis of the measuring pipeline so as to ensure that the X-ray machine 23 and the X-ray receiving plate 24 are always 180-degree symmetrical during the rotation of the slip ring 19, the transmission and the reception of the X-rays can cover the whole area of the fuel ball 13, the control and data processing system 15 carries out imaging processing on the signals received by the X-ray receiving plate 24, then a 3D display image of the complete fuel ball 13 is displayed on the image presentation device 16, in order to reduce the influence of the measuring pipeline on the X-rays, the measuring pipeline adopts high-penetrability materials 21 so as to reduce the energy attenuation of the X-rays, the accuracy of the measurement is improved.
After the ball entering locator 12 receives the signal of the end of detection, the control and data processing system 15 sends out the release signal to allow the fuel ball 13 to pass through, at this time, the power required for the transmission of the fuel ball 13 comes from the high-pressure helium gas of the pneumatic lifting system 2, the emission control valve 10 is opened to convey the high-pressure helium gas to the pipeline, the kinetic energy of the high-pressure helium gas is converted into the kinetic energy of the fuel ball 13, and the fuel ball 13 is guided into the discharging system 1-2. During normal operation, the first sphere counter 5-1, the second sphere counter 5-2, the third sphere counter 5-3 and the fourth sphere counter 5-4 have the same count, when the count of the first sphere counter 5-1 and the second sphere counter 5-2 is 1 more than that of the third sphere counter 5-3 and the fourth sphere counter 5-4, it indicates that 1 fuel sphere 13 in the X-ray detection device 9 is being detected, when the detection is finished, the fuel sphere 13 is discharged, the third sphere counter 5-3 and the fourth sphere counter 5-4 add 1, the control and data processing system 15 sends a signal for closing the emission control valve 10, and the X-ray detection device 9 is allowed to measure the next fuel sphere 13.
After a round of detection control and detection process, the state change conditions of each device are as follows:
initial state
The first ball path counter 5-1, the second ball path counter 5-2, the third ball path counter 5-3 and the fourth ball path counter 5-4 are 0, the first opening and the second opening of the inlet distributor 8-1 and the outlet distributor 8-2 are communicated, the X-ray detection device 9 is standby, the emission control valve 10 is closed, the single conveying device 6 is reset, and the ball entering positioner 12 is in a ball cutting state;
The first ball path counter 5-1 and the second ball path counter 5-2 count plus 1, the third ball path counter 5-3 and the fourth ball path counter 5-4 count 0, the first opening and the second opening of the inlet distributor 8-1 and the outlet distributor 8-2 are communicated, the X-ray detection device 9 is standby, the launching control valve 10 is closed, the single conveying device 6 is started to carry out ball feeding once, and the ball feeding positioner 12 is in a ball cutting state;
ball in place
The counting of the first ball path counter 5-1 and the counting of the second ball path counter 5-2 are 1, the counting of the third ball path counter 5-3 and the counting of the fourth ball path counter 5-4 are 0, the first opening and the second opening of the inlet distributor 8-1 and the outlet distributor 8-2 are communicated, the X-ray detection device 9 is in standby, the emission control valve 10 is closed, the single conveying device 6 is reset, and the ball entering positioner 12 is in a ball position;
start-up detection
The counting of the first ball path counter 5-1 and the counting of the second ball path counter 5-2 are 1, the counting of the third ball path counter 5-3 and the counting of the fourth ball path counter 5-4 are 0, the first opening and the second opening of the inlet distributor 8-1 and the outlet distributor 8-2 are communicated, the X-ray detection device 9 is started, the launching control valve 10 is closed, the single conveying device 6 is reset, and the ball entering positioner 12 is in a ball position;
volleyball for detection end
The counting of the first ball path counter 5-1 and the counting of the second ball path counter 5-2 are 1, the counting of the third ball path counter 5-3 and the counting of the fourth ball path counter 5-4 are increased by 1, the first opening and the second opening of the inlet distributor 8-1 and the outlet distributor 8-2 are communicated, the X-ray detection device 9 is standby, the launching control valve 10 is opened, the single conveying device 6 is reset, and the ball entering positioner 12 is opened to put balls;
volleyball ending
The first ball path counter 5-1 and the second ball path counter 5-2 count to 1, the third ball path counter 5-3 and the fourth ball path counter 5-4 count to 1, the first opening and the second opening of the inlet distributor 8-1 and the outlet distributor 8-2 are communicated, the X-ray detection device 9 is standby, the launching control valve 10 is closed, the single conveying device 6 is reset, and the ball entering positioner 12 intercepts balls;
because the graphite dust and the scraps of the fuel ball 13 may exist in the measuring pipeline, and the graphite dust and the scraps of the fuel ball 13 may affect the accuracy of the X-ray detection device 9, the invention is further provided with the ball path cleaning system 4, in a non-cleaning stage, the first opening and the second opening of the inlet distributor 8-1 and the outlet distributor 8-2 are communicated, the third opening is closed, when cleaning is needed, the first opening and the third opening of the inlet distributor 8-1 and the outlet distributor 8-2 are communicated, the second opening is closed, the purging air flow and the cleaning rubber ball are introduced from the ball path cleaning system 4 and then are led out through the outlet distributor 8-2, the purging air flow can take out the dust and the scraps of the fuel ball 13 in the measuring pipeline, and the cleaning rubber ball can also clean the inner wall of the measuring pipeline under the action of the purging air flow, the cleaning rubber balls have compressibility, and the ball path cleaning system 4 counts and processes the recovered impurities and the cleaning rubber balls.
The shield case 18 is connected to the negative pressure ventilation system 3, and continuous ventilation and cooling are ensured, and the shield case is in a slightly negative pressure state with respect to the environment, and can prevent radioactive substances from leaking.
Claims (6)
1. A high-temperature gas cooled reactor fuel sphere integrity detection device based on X-ray tomography is characterized by comprising a feeding system (1-1), a discharging system (1-2), a pneumatic lifting system (2), a negative pressure ventilation system (3), a sphere path cleaning system (4), a slope pipeline (11), a first sphere path counter (5-1), a second sphere path counter (5-2), a third sphere path counter (5-3), a fourth sphere path counter (5-4), a conveying singler (6), an emitter (7), an inlet distributor (8-1), an outlet distributor (8-2), an X-ray detection device (9), an emission control valve (10) and a control and data processing system (15);
an outlet of the feeding system (1-1) is communicated with an inlet of the emitter (7) through a first ball path counter (5-1), a second ball path counter (5-2) and the single conveying device (6), an outlet of the emitter (7) is communicated with a second opening of the inlet distributor (8-1) through a slope pipeline (11), a first opening of the inlet distributor (8-1) is communicated with a first opening of the outlet distributor (8-2) through a measuring pipeline, a second opening of the outlet distributor (8-2) is communicated with the discharging system (1-2) through a third ball path counter (5-3) and a fourth ball path counter (5-4), and the lifting system (2) is communicated with the emitter (7) through a pneumatic emission control valve (10); the X-ray detection device (9) is sleeved on the measuring pipeline, and a ball inlet positioner (12) is arranged at the outlet of the slope pipeline (11);
the control and data processing system (15) is connected with the ball entering positioner (12), the X-ray detection device (9), the emission control valve (10), the outlet distributor (8-2), the inlet distributor (8-1), the third ball path counter (5-3), the fourth ball path counter (5-4), the first ball path counter (5-1) and the second ball path counter (5-2).
2. The device for detecting the integrity of the fuel ball of the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor based on the X-ray tomography scanning as claimed in claim 1, wherein the included angle between the slope pipeline (11) and the horizontal plane is 5-10 degrees.
3. The X-ray tomography-based high-temperature gas cooled reactor fuel sphere integrity detection device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the X-ray detection device (9) comprises an X-ray machine (23), an X-ray receiving plate (24), a fixed support (17), a shielding shell (18), a fixed ring (22), a slip ring (19), a rotary controller (25), an electrical penetration piece (14) and a support column (20);
the device comprises a fixing ring (22), a sliding ring (19), an X-ray machine (23) and an X-ray receiving board (24), a support column (20), a rotating controller (25), a control and data processing system (15), an image presentation device (16), a control and data processing system (15) and a measuring and data processing system (15), wherein the fixing ring (22) is fixedly supported on the inner wall of a shielding shell (18), the sliding ring (19) is embedded in the fixing ring (22), the X-ray machine (23) and the X-ray receiving board (24) are installed on the inner wall of the sliding ring (19) through the support column (20), the X-ray machine (23) and the X-ray receiving board (24) are symmetrically distributed relative to the axis of a measuring pipeline, the rotating controller (25) is connected with the control end of the sliding ring (19), the control and data processing system (15) are connected with the control end of the sliding ring (19), the control and the data processing system (15) is connected with the electric penetration piece (14).
4. The high temperature gas cooled reactor fuel sphere integrity testing device based on ultrasonic tomography technology as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the measuring pipeline is made of ultrasonic high-permeability material (17).
5. The device for detecting the integrity of the fuel ball of the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor based on the ultrasonic tomography technology as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a ball path cleaning system (4); the third opening of the outlet distributor (8-2) and the third opening of the inlet distributor (8-1) are communicated with the ball path cleaning system (4).
6. The device for detecting the integrity of the fuel ball of the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor based on the ultrasonic tomography technology is characterized in that the shielding shell (18) is communicated with a negative pressure ventilation system (3).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210028584.8A CN114334201A (en) | 2022-01-11 | 2022-01-11 | High temperature gas cooled reactor fuel ball integrity detection device based on X-ray tomography |
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| CN202210028584.8A CN114334201A (en) | 2022-01-11 | 2022-01-11 | High temperature gas cooled reactor fuel ball integrity detection device based on X-ray tomography |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115055392A (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2022-09-16 | 华能山东石岛湾核电有限公司 | High-temperature gas cooled reactor graphite nodule surface decontamination screening system and method |
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2022
- 2022-01-11 CN CN202210028584.8A patent/CN114334201A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115055392A (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2022-09-16 | 华能山东石岛湾核电有限公司 | High-temperature gas cooled reactor graphite nodule surface decontamination screening system and method |
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