CN216562476U - High temperature gas cooled reactor fuel ball surface integrity detection device based on laser ranging - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor fuel ball surface integrity detection device based on laser ranging. The inlet is connected, the outlet of the transmitter is communicated with the first opening of the inlet distributor through the slope pipe, the third opening of the inlet distributor is connected with the first opening of the outlet distributor through the ranging pipe, and the outlet distributor is connected with the first opening of the outlet distributor. The third opening is connected with the discharge system through the third ball path counter and the fourth ball path counter in turn; the outlet of the pneumatic lifting system is connected with the inlet of the launcher through the launch control valve, and the outlet of the slope pipeline is provided with an inlet. The ball locator; the laser ranging detection device is sleeved on the ranging pipeline, and the laser ranging detection device is connected with the control and data processing system; the device can quickly detect the surface defects of the measured object.

Description

Surface Integrity Detection Device of High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor Fuel Ball Based on Laser Ranging

technical field

The utility model belongs to the field of nuclear reactor fuel detection, and relates to a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor fuel ball surface integrity detection device based on laser ranging.

Background technique

The nuclear fuel element is the core component that provides fission energy for the nuclear reactor. During the fission process, a large number of fission nuclides and induced radionuclides are produced, and most of the radionuclides are enclosed in the reactor nuclear fuel element. The shell is the cladding layer of the fuel element, which is usually called the first barrier of the nuclear power plant, and its integrity is an important guarantee for the safety of the nuclear power plant. The integrity testing of nuclear fuel elements of pressurized water reactors has mature experience and methods through online radionuclide monitoring and integrity testing of nuclear fuel assemblies in unloaded state. The high temperature gas-cooled reactor is the world's first nuclear power generating unit with four-generation technical characteristics. It adopts the non-stop refueling mode and uses 60mm diameter spherical fuel elements. The fuel element will be damaged to a certain extent if there is flow between equipment and pipelines of other systems, and the designed damage rate is less than 2×10 ^-4 . The current system designed for high temperature gas-cooled reactors can only identify large-volume breakage of fuel elements, but cannot identify small-volume breakage (because there are fewer missing parts, and the flow of fuel spheres is not affected). Continued flow in the core and system will increase the risk of the fuel spheres getting stuck in the pipeline (ie, stuck), the damaged fuel spheres will continue to participate in the nuclear fission reaction, and the radioactive material will penetrate the damaged cladding layer, increasing the primary circuit. of radioactivity. In a high temperature gas-cooled reactor, 6,000 fuel pellets flow out of the core into the loading and unloading system every day, and 6,000 fuel pellets are reloaded from the loading and unloading system into the reactor every day, of which about 800 new fuel and spent fuel will be replaced. , it can be seen that the detection of at least 4 to 5 fuel balls needs to be completed per minute, and the detection time of each ball is only 12 to 15 seconds. A detection device that can quickly reflect the damage of fuel balls is required. Based on laser measurement and feedback technology, it can quickly detect surface defects of the detected object.

Utility model content

The purpose of the utility model is to overcome the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, and to provide a high temperature gas-cooled reactor fuel ball surface integrity detection device based on laser ranging, which can quickly detect surface defects of the object to be measured.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the laser ranging-based high temperature gas-cooled reactor fuel ball surface integrity detection device of the present invention includes a feeding system, a first ball path counter, a second ball path counter, a conveying unit, and a transmitter. , slope pipeline, inlet distributor, ranging pipeline, outlet distributor, third ball path counter, fourth ball path counter, discharge system, pneumatic lifting system, launch control valve, laser ranging detection device, control and data processing systems and control systems;

The outlet of the feeding system is communicated with the inlet of the launcher through the first ball path counter, the second ball path counter and the conveying unit in sequence, and the outlet of the launcher is communicated with the first opening of the inlet distributor through the slope pipe. The third opening of the distributor is connected with the first opening of the outlet distributor through the distance measuring pipe, and the third opening of the outlet distributor is connected with the discharge system through the third ball path counter and the fourth ball path counter in turn. ;

The outlet of the pneumatic lifting system is communicated with the inlet of the launcher through the launch control valve, and a ball locator is arranged at the exit of the slope pipeline;

The laser ranging detection device is sleeved on the ranging pipeline, and the laser ranging detection device is connected with the control and data processing system;

The control system is related to the laser ranging detection device, the first ball path counter, the second ball path counter, the inlet distributor, the outlet distributor, the third ball path counter, the fourth ball path counter, the emission control valve and the ball locator. connect.

The control and data processing system is connected with the image presentation device.

It also includes a ball path cleaning system; the second opening of the inlet distributor is communicated with the outlet of the ball path cleaning system, and the second opening of the outlet distributor is communicated with the ball path cleaning system.

The angle between the sloped pipe and the horizontal plane is 5° to 10°.

The laser ranging detection device includes a signal cable, a casing, and a first laser unit, a first camera unit, a second laser unit, a second camera unit, a third laser unit, a first laser unit, a first camera unit, a second laser unit, a second camera unit, a third laser unit, a Three camera units, a fourth laser unit, and a fourth camera unit, the ranging pipe passes through the casing, and electrical penetrations are arranged on the side wall of the casing. The first laser unit, the first camera unit, the second laser unit, the third The two camera units, the third laser unit, the third camera unit, the fourth laser unit, and the fourth camera unit are connected to the control and data processing system through electrical penetrations and signal cables.

The distance measuring pipe is made of transparent material.

The laser surface projection surfaces of the emission beams of the first laser unit, the second laser unit, the third laser unit and the fourth laser unit are: the first laser unit covers 270°~90°; the second laser unit covers 0°~180° ; The third laser unit covers 90°～270°; the fourth laser unit covers 180°～360°;

The areas where the first camera unit, the second camera unit, the third camera unit and the fourth camera unit receive the laser line of the light beam are: the first camera unit captures an area of 225° to 45°; the second camera unit captures an area of 315° ~135°; the acquisition area of the third camera unit is 45° to 225°; the acquisition area of the fourth camera unit is 135° to 315°.

The first laser unit, the first camera unit, the second laser unit, the second camera unit, the third laser unit, the third camera unit, the fourth laser unit, and the fourth camera unit perform the tests on the tested fuel element according to the preset startup sequence. Detection, wherein, sequence 1: the first laser unit emits laser light, and the first imaging unit and the second imaging unit receive laser rays; sequence 2: the second laser unit emits laser light, and the second imaging unit and the third imaging unit receive laser rays; Sequence 3: The third laser unit emits laser light, and the third imaging unit and the fourth imaging unit receive laser rays; sequence 4: The fourth laser unit emits laser light, and the fourth imaging unit and the first imaging unit receive laser rays.

The shell is provided with a negative pressure ventilation system.

The utility model has the following beneficial effects:

During the specific operation, the laser ranging-based detection device for the surface integrity of the high temperature gas-cooled reactor fuel spheres according to the utility model detects the surface defects of the spherical fuel elements of the high-temperature gas-cooled reactor through the laser ranging detection device and the control and data processing system. Quick detection, quickly complete the screening and screening of damaged spherical fuel elements to ensure that the detection time of each fuel ball is less than 10 seconds. Among them, the measurement accuracy of laser ranging is high, and the mainstream high precision can reach 0.1mm or even 0.01mm , which is far lower than the judgment standard for scratches or damage on the surface of the fuel ball, so the detection accuracy is high.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the utility model;

2 is an axial structural diagram of the laser ranging detection device 9;

3 is a radial structure diagram of the laser ranging detection device 9;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the laser ranging detection device 9 during laser emission and reception.

Among them, 1-1 is the feeding system, 1-2 is the discharging system, 2 is the pneumatic lifting system, 3 is the negative pressure ventilation system, 4 is the ball path cleaning system, 5-1 is the first ball path counter, 5- 2 is the second ball path counter, 5-3 is the third ball path counter, 5-4 is the fourth ball path counter, 6 is the conveying unit, 7 is the transmitter, 8-1 is the inlet distributor, 8-2 is the outlet distributor, 9 is the laser ranging detection device, 10 is the emission control valve, 11 is the slope pipe, 12 is the ball locator, 13 is the fuel ball, 14 is the electrical penetration, 15 is the control and data processing system, 16 is an image presentation device, 17 is a signal cable, 18 is a housing, 19-1 is a first laser unit, 19-2 is a second laser unit, 19-3 is a third laser unit, 19-4 is a fourth laser unit, 20-1 is the first camera unit, 20-2 is the second camera unit, 20-3 is the third camera unit, 20-4 is the fourth camera unit, 21 is the ranging pipe, 22 is the emission beam, 23 to receive the beam.

Detailed ways

In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described The embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure of the present invention. Also, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the concepts disclosed in the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative work shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The accompanying drawings show a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment according to the disclosure of the present invention. The figures are not to scale, some details have been exaggerated for clarity, and some details may have been omitted. The shapes of various regions and layers shown in the figures and their relative sizes and positional relationships are only exemplary, and in practice, there may be deviations due to manufacturing tolerances or technical limitations, and those skilled in the art should Regions/layers with different shapes, sizes, relative positions can be additionally designed as desired.

Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, the device for detecting the surface integrity of the high temperature gas-cooled reactor fuel ball 13 based on the laser ranging technology according to the present invention includes a feeding system 1-1, a first ball path counter 5-1, the second ball path counter 5-2, the conveying unit 6, the transmitter 7, the slope pipe 11, the inlet distributor 8-1, the distance measuring pipe 21, the outlet distributor 8-2, the third ball path counter 5-3, the fourth ball path counter 5-4, the discharging system 1-2, the pneumatic lifting system 2, the emission control valve 10, the laser ranging detection device 9, the control and data processing system 15 and the control system;

The outlet of the feeding system 1-1 is communicated with the inlet of the launcher 7 through the first ball path counter 5-1, the second ball path counter 5-2 and the conveying unit 6 in turn, and the outlet of the launcher 7 passes through the slope pipe 11. It is communicated with the first opening of the inlet distributor 8-1, the second opening of the inlet distributor 8-1 is communicated with the outlet of the ball cleaning system 4, and the third opening of the inlet distributor 8-1 has been tested. The distance pipe 21 is communicated with the first opening of the outlet distributor 8-2, the second opening of the outlet distributor 8-2 is communicated with the ball cleaning system 4, and the third opening of the outlet distributor 8-2 is in turn. The third ball path counter 5-3 and the fourth ball path counter 5-4 are communicated with the discharging system 1-2;

The outlet of the pneumatic lift system 2 is communicated with the inlet of the launcher 7 through the launch control valve 10 , and a ball locator 12 is provided at the exit of the slope pipe 11 .

The fuel balls 13 flow in from the feeding system 1-1, pass through the first ball path counter 5-1 and the second ball path counter 5-2, are stopped by the conveying unit 6, and are conveyed to the slope pipe 11 one by one, and then enter In the laser ranging detection device 9, the angle between the inclined pipe 11 and the horizontal plane is 5°-10°, which can ensure that the fuel ball 13 has enough power to overcome the friction force, and will not cause the fuel ball 13 to get stuck in the pipe. Stopping and not moving forward can also prevent the fuel balls 13 from flowing too fast to be stopped by the laser ranging detection device 9 , and prevent the ball locator 12 from being damaged by the impact of the fuel balls 13 .

The ball goal locator 12 has three positions, namely interception, ball entry and volleyball. The initial state of the goal goal locator 12 is the interception state. When the fuel ball 13 enters the laser ranging detection device 9, the goal The positioner 12 sends a signal of the fuel ball 13 in position, and the laser ranging detection device 9 starts to detect the surface geometry of the fuel ball 13. After receiving the detection end command issued by the control system, the ball positioning positioner 12 will fuel The ball 13 is released, and the ball locator 12 is turned on at the volleyball position. When the first ball path counter 5-1 and the second ball path counter 5-2 detect the passage of the fuel ball 13, the ball locator 12 is turned on. Return to the original interception position.

The laser ranging detection device 9 includes a casing 18 and a first laser unit 19-1, a first camera unit 20-1, a second laser unit 19-2, a second laser unit 19-2, a first laser unit 19-1, a first camera unit 20-1, a second laser unit 19-2, a The camera unit 20-2, the third laser unit 19-3, the third camera unit 20-3, the fourth laser unit 19-4 and the fourth camera unit 20-4, the ranging pipe 21 passes through the housing 18, the housing The side wall of 18 is provided with an electrical through-piece 14, a first laser unit 19-1, a first camera unit 20-1, a second laser unit 19-2, a second camera unit 20-2, and a third laser unit 19- 3. The third camera unit 20-3, the fourth laser unit 19-4 and the fourth camera unit 20-4 are connected to the control and data processing system 15 through the electrical penetration piece 14 and the signal cable 17, and the control and data processing system 15 is connected to an image presentation device 16 .

The first laser unit 19-1, the second laser unit 19-2, the third laser unit 19-3 and the fourth laser unit 19-4 are used to emit a laser surface so that the plane image captured by the camera unit has a single energy line. The laser line reflects the depth of the surface of the object to be detected projected by the laser surface. The first camera unit 20-1, the second camera unit 20-2, the third camera unit 20-3, and the fourth camera unit 20-4 are used to collect plane images. The control and data processing system 15 is used to control the first laser unit 19-1, the first camera unit 20-1, the second laser unit 19-2, the second camera unit 20-2, the third laser unit 19-3, the The three camera units 20-3, the fourth laser unit 19-4, and the fourth camera unit 20-4, and the collected plane image data and the first laser unit 19-1, the first camera unit 20-1, the second The position data of the laser unit 19-2, the second camera unit 20-2, the third laser unit 19-3, the third camera unit 20-3, the fourth laser unit 19-4 and the fourth camera unit 20-4 were simulated. Totally calculated to restore the surface three-dimensional contour and size data of the detected object, and then presented by the image presentation device 16; during operation, the first laser unit 19-1, the second laser unit 19-2, the third laser unit 19-2 and the third laser unit 19-3 and the fourth laser unit 19-4 alternately emit laser beams at preset time intervals, the first camera unit 20-1, the second camera unit 20-2, the third camera unit 20-3 and the fourth camera unit 20 -4 Collect the corresponding plane image. The distance measuring pipe 21 is made of transparent material, which has a very low absorption rate for the laser wavelength. The transparent material also needs to meet the basic requirements of the fuel ball 13 circuit, that is, it has a certain strength and can withstand the design system. The temperature and pressure have certain anti-radiation ability. Due to the large amount of ball passing every day, the transparent material may wear out after long-term operation, resulting in a decrease in the laser penetration rate, which in turn affects the measurement quality. Therefore, the ranging pipe 21 is designed to be repairable and replaceable.

The laser surface projection surfaces of the emission beams 22 of the first laser unit 19-1, the second laser unit 19-2, the third laser unit 19-3 and the fourth laser unit 19-4 are as follows: the first laser unit 19-1 covers 270°-90°; the second laser unit 19-2 covers 0°-180°; the third laser unit 19-3 covers 90°-270°; the fourth laser unit 19-4 covers 180°-360°.

The areas where the first camera unit 20-1, the second camera unit 20-2, the third camera unit 20-3 and the fourth camera unit 20-4 receive the laser line of the light beam 23 are: the first camera unit 20-1 collection area 225°～45°; the collection area of the second camera unit 20-2 is 315°～135°; the collection area of the third camera unit 20-3 is 45°～225°; the collection area of the fourth camera unit 20-4 is 135° °～315°.

First laser unit 19-1, first imaging unit 20-1, second laser unit 19-2, second imaging unit 20-2, third laser unit 19-3, third imaging unit 20-3, fourth The laser unit 19-4 and the fourth camera unit 20-4 detect the tested fuel element according to a certain startup sequence, wherein, sequence 1: the first laser unit 19-1 emits laser light, the first camera unit 20-1 and the first camera unit 20-1 The two imaging units 20-2 receive laser rays; sequence 2: the second laser unit 19-2 emits laser light, and the second imaging unit 20-2 and the third imaging unit 20-3 receive laser rays; sequence 3: the third laser unit 19 -3 emits laser light, the third camera unit 20-3 and the fourth camera unit 20-4 receive laser rays; sequence 4: the fourth laser unit 19-4 emits laser light, the fourth camera unit 20-4 and the first camera unit 20 -1 to receive laser rays.

Taking the first laser unit 19-1 as an example, as shown in FIG. 4, during operation, the first laser unit 19-1 emits a laser surface, and the laser surface can cover the measured fuel facing the first laser unit 19-1 On the surface of the element, that is, the area of 270° to 90°, the area of the laser line received by the first camera unit 20-1 is the area of 225° to 45°, and the area of the laser line received by the second camera unit 20-2 is the area of 315° to 135° ° area. According to the position information of each laser unit and camera unit, the laser rays received by each camera unit overlap each other, and the control and data processing system 15 performs 3D modeling fitting and data analysis on the received beam 23 received by each camera unit to form a The three-dimensional image of the surface of the fuel element is measured, and the linearity of the spherical data is judged. When the linearity exceeds the alarm value of the surface flatness of the fuel ball 13, it is determined that the surface of the fuel element is damaged.

After the ball entry locator 12 receives the signal of the end of the detection, the control and data processing system 15 sends a release signal to allow the fuel ball 13 to pass through. At this time, the power required for the transmission of the fuel ball 13 comes from the high-pressure helium gas of the pneumatic lifting system 2. The launch control valve 10 is opened, and the high-pressure helium gas is transported into the pipeline, the kinetic energy of the high-pressure helium gas is converted into the kinetic energy of the fuel ball 13, and the fuel ball 13 is introduced into the discharge system 1-2. A third ball path counter 5-3 and a fourth ball path counter 5-4 are set at the exit of the laser ranging detection device 9. During normal operation, the first ball path counter 5-1 and the second ball path counter 5-2 and the The counts of the third ball path counter 5-3 and the fourth ball path counter 5-4 should be the same, when the first ball path counter 5-1 and the second ball path counter 5-2 are more When the count of the fourth ball path counter 5-4 is more than 1, it means that there is one fuel ball 13 in the laser ranging detection device 9 being detected. After the detection, the fuel ball 13 is discharged, and the third ball path counter 5- 3 and the fourth ball path counter 5-4 are incremented by 1, and the control and data processing system 15 sends a signal to close the emission control valve 10 and allow the laser ranging detection device 9 to perform the next fuel ball 13 measurement.

After a round of detection control and detection process, the status changes of each device are as follows:

initial state

The counts of the first ball path counter 5-1, the second ball path counter 5-2, the third ball path counter 5-3 and the fourth ball path counter 5-4 are 0, and the first ball path counter of the inlet distributor 8-1 The opening and the third opening are connected, the first opening and the third opening channel of the outlet distributor 8-2, the laser ranging detection device 9 is in the standby state, the emission control valve 10 is closed, the conveying unit 6 is reset, and the The ball locator 12 is in the interception state;

Conveyor 6 goals

The first ball path counter 5-1 and the second ball path counter 5-2 count up by 1, the third ball path counter 5-3 and the fourth ball path counter 5-4 are both 0, and the first ball path counter 5-1 of the inlet distributor 8-1 counts up. One opening and the third opening are turned on, the first opening and the third opening of the outlet distributor 8-2 are turned on, the laser ranging detection device 9 is in a standby state, the emission control valve 10 is closed, and the delivery unit 6 Start a goal once, the goal locator 12 is in the interception state;

ball in place

The count of the first ball path counter 5-1 and the second ball path counter 5-2 is 1, the count of the second ball path counter 5-2 and the third ball path counter 5-3 is 0, and the inlet distributor 8-1 The first opening and the third opening of the outlet distributor 8-2 are turned on, the first opening and the third opening of the outlet distributor 8-2 are turned on, the laser ranging detection device 9 is in a standby state, the emission control valve 10 is closed, and a single The device 6 is reset, and the ball locator 12 is in place;

Start detection

The count of the first ball path counter 5-1 and the second ball path counter 5-2 is 1, the count of the second ball path counter 5-2 and the third ball path counter 5-3 is 0, and the inlet distributor 8-1 The first opening and the third opening of the outlet distributor 8-2 are turned on, the first opening and the third opening of the outlet distributor 8-2 are turned on, the laser ranging detection device 9 is activated, the emission control valve 10 is closed, and the delivery unit 6 Reset, the ball locator 12 balls into place;

Detect end volleyball

The count of the first ball path counter 5-1 and the second ball path counter 5-2 is 1, the count of the second ball path counter 5-2 and the third ball path counter 5-3 is incremented by 1, and the inlet distributor 8-1 The first opening and the third opening of the outlet distributor 8-2 are turned on, the first opening and the third opening of the outlet distributor 8-2 are turned on, the laser ranging detection device 9 is on standby, the emission control valve 10 is opened, and the delivery unit 6 Reset, the goal locator 12 opens the ball;

volleyball over

The first ball path counter 5-1 and the second ball path counter 5-2 count as 1, the second ball path counter 5-2 and the third ball path counter 5-3 count as 1, and the inlet distributor 8-1 The first opening and the third opening of the outlet distributor 8-2 are turned on, the first opening and the third opening of the outlet distributor 8-2 are turned on, the laser ranging detection device 9 is on standby, the emission control valve 10 is closed, and the delivery unit 6 Reset, the ball locator 12 intercepts the ball;

During operation, since graphite dust and debris of fuel balls 13 may exist in the laser ranging detection device 9, the impurities may affect the accuracy of the detection device. The utility model is also provided with a ball path cleaning system 4, the first opening and the second opening of the inlet distributor 8-1 are connected to each other, and the first opening and the second opening of the outlet distributor 8-2 are connected to each other. The purging airflow is introduced from the ball path cleaning system 4 and the cleaning rubber balls enter the laser ranging detection device 9 through the inlet distributor 8-1, and are then exported through the outlet distributor 8-2. The purging airflow can take out the dust and fuel ball 13 debris in the laser ranging detection device 9. The cleaning rubber ball can also clean the inner wall of the laser ranging detection device 9 under the action of the purging airflow. Compressibility, ball cleaning system 4 counts and processes recovered impurities and gum balls.

The casing 18 is used to avoid interference from external light sources. The casing 18 is provided with a negative pressure ventilation system 3 to ensure continuous ventilation, ventilation and cooling. It is in a slightly negative pressure state relative to the environment, which can prevent the leakage of radioactive substances.

Claims (9)

1. A high temperature gas-cooled reactor fuel ball surface integrity detection device based on laser ranging, characterized in that it comprises a feeding system (1-1), a first ball path counter (5-1), a second ball path Counter (5-2), delivery unit (6), transmitter (7), ramp pipe (11), inlet distributor (8-1), ranging pipe (21), outlet distributor (8-2) , The third ball path counter (5-3), the fourth ball path counter (5-4), the discharge system (1-2), the pneumatic lifting system (2), the emission control valve (10), the laser ranging detection device (9), control and data processing system (15) and control system; The outlet of the feeding system (1-1) is communicated with the inlet of the transmitter (7) through the first ball path counter (5-1), the second ball path counter (5-2) and the conveying unit (6) in turn , the outlet of the transmitter (7) is communicated with the first opening of the inlet distributor (8-1) through the slope pipe (11), and the third opening of the inlet distributor (8-1) is connected with the distance measuring pipe (21) ) is communicated with the first opening of the outlet distributor (8-2), and the third opening of the outlet distributor (8-2) passes through the third ball path counter (5-3) and the fourth ball path counter ( 5-4) communicate with the discharging system (1-2); The outlet of the pneumatic lifting system (2) is communicated with the inlet of the launcher (7) through the launch control valve (10), and a ball locator (12) is arranged at the exit of the slope pipe (11); The laser ranging detection device (9) is sleeved on the ranging pipeline (21), and the laser ranging detection device (9) is connected with the control and data processing system (15); Control system and laser ranging detection device (9), first ball path counter (5-1), second ball path counter (5-2), inlet distributor (8-1), outlet distributor (8-2) ), the third ball path counter (5-3), the fourth ball path counter (5-4), the launch control valve (10) and the ball entry positioner (12) are connected. 2 . The laser ranging-based high temperature gas-cooled reactor fuel sphere surface integrity detection device according to claim 1 , wherein the control and data processing system ( 15 ) is connected with an image presentation device ( 16 ). 3 . 3. The high temperature gas-cooled reactor fuel ball surface integrity detection device based on laser ranging according to claim 1, characterized in that, further comprising a ball path cleaning system (4); The two openings are communicated with the outlet of the ball path cleaning system (4), and the second opening of the outlet distributor (8-2) is communicated with the ball path cleaning system (4). 4. The device for detecting the surface integrity of a high temperature gas-cooled reactor fuel sphere based on laser ranging according to claim 1, wherein the angle between the inclined pipe (11) and the horizontal plane is 5°-10°. 5 . The high temperature gas-cooled reactor fuel sphere surface integrity detection device based on laser ranging according to claim 1 , wherein the laser ranging detection device ( 9 ) comprises a signal cable ( 17 ), a casing ( 18 ) ) and a first laser unit (19-1), a first camera unit (20-1), a second laser unit (19-2), a second camera unit (19-2), a first camera unit (20-1), a second laser unit (19-2), a unit (20-2), third laser unit (19-3), third camera unit (20-3), fourth laser unit (19-4) and fourth camera unit (20-4), ranging pipe (21) Passing through the casing (18), the side wall of the casing (18) is provided with an electrical penetration piece (14), a first laser unit (19-1), a first camera unit (20-1), a first laser unit (19-1), a first Two laser units (19-2), a second camera unit (20-2), a third laser unit (19-3), a third camera unit (20-3), a fourth laser unit (19-4) and a third The four-camera unit (20-4) is connected to the control and data processing system (15) via an electrical penetration piece (14) and a signal cable (17). 6. The device for detecting the surface integrity of a high temperature gas-cooled reactor fuel sphere based on laser ranging according to claim 5, characterized in that the ranging pipe (21) is made of a transparent material. 7 . The high temperature gas-cooled reactor fuel sphere surface integrity detection device based on laser ranging according to claim 5 , wherein the first laser unit ( 19 - 1 ), the second laser unit ( 19 - 2 ), The laser surface projection surfaces of the emission beams (22) of the third laser unit (19-3) and the fourth laser unit (19-4) are: the first laser unit (19-1) covers 270° to 90°; The laser unit (19-2) covers 0° to 180°; the third laser unit (19-3) covers 90° to 270°; the fourth laser unit (19-4) covers 180° to 360°; The areas where the first imaging unit (20-1), the second imaging unit (20-2), the third imaging unit (20-3) and the fourth imaging unit (20-4) receive the laser line of the light beam (23) are: : the acquisition area of the first camera unit (20-1) is 225°～45°; the acquisition area of the second camera unit (20-2) is 315°～135°; the acquisition area of the third camera unit (20-3) is 45° °～225°; the acquisition area of the fourth camera unit (20-4) is 135°～315°. 8 . The high temperature gas-cooled reactor fuel sphere surface integrity detection device based on laser ranging according to claim 5 , wherein the first laser unit ( 19 - 1 ), the first camera unit ( 20 - 1 ), The second laser unit (19-2), the second camera unit (20-2), the third laser unit (19-3), the third camera unit (20-3), the fourth laser unit (19-4) and The fourth camera unit (20-4) detects the fuel element to be tested according to a preset startup sequence, wherein sequence 1: the first laser unit (19-1) emits laser light, the first camera unit (20-1) and the first camera unit (20-1) Two imaging units (20-2) receive laser rays; sequence 2: the second laser unit (19-2) emits laser light, and the second imaging unit (20-2) and the third imaging unit (20-3) receive laser rays; Sequence 3: The third laser unit (19-3) emits laser light, and the third imaging unit (20-3) and the fourth imaging unit (20-4) receive laser rays; sequence 4: The fourth laser unit (19-4) Laser light is emitted, and the fourth imaging unit (20-4) and the first imaging unit (20-1) receive laser rays. 9 . The high temperature gas-cooled reactor fuel sphere surface integrity detection device based on laser ranging according to claim 1 , wherein the casing ( 18 ) is provided with a negative pressure ventilation system ( 3 ). 10 .

Images