CN114326070B - Large-caliber long-focus multispectral short-wave infrared optical system - Google Patents
Large-caliber long-focus multispectral short-wave infrared optical system Download PDFInfo
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- CN114326070B CN114326070B CN202111621892.3A CN202111621892A CN114326070B CN 114326070 B CN114326070 B CN 114326070B CN 202111621892 A CN202111621892 A CN 202111621892A CN 114326070 B CN114326070 B CN 114326070B
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Abstract
The invention provides a large-aperture long-focus multispectral short-wave infrared optical system, which relates to the technical field of optics and is characterized in that a primary mirror, a secondary mirror, a dichroic mirror, a short-wavelength spectrum lens group, a short-wavelength spectrum infrared focal plane detector, a long-wavelength spectrum lens group and a long-wavelength spectrum infrared focal plane detector are sequentially arranged along the direction of a light path, light beams are reflected by the primary mirror and then incident on the secondary mirror, and then reflected by the secondary mirror and then incident on the dichroic mirror, wherein the short-wavelength spectrum is reflected by the dichroic mirror and then imaged on the short-wavelength spectrum infrared focal plane detector through the short-wavelength spectrum lens group, and the long-wavelength spectrum is transmitted by the dichroic mirror and then imaged on the long-wavelength spectrum infrared focal plane detector through the long-wavelength spectrum lens group. The large-caliber long-focus multispectral short-wave infrared optical system can realize imaging of two spectral bands in short-wave infrared, and has the characteristics of large caliber, long focus, large view field and compact structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optics, in particular to a large-caliber long-focus multispectral short-wave infrared optical system.
Background
The short wave infrared is between the near infrared band and the thermal infrared band, and is one of the atmospheric windows. The similarity between the short-wave infrared and the visible light is the light radiation in the surrounding environment reflected by the ground object target, so that the short-wave infrared has abundant detail characteristics, and the short-wave infrared remote sensing image which is comparable to the visible light image quality can be provided. The capability of short-wave infrared smoke and fog transmission imaging and the capability of imaging in a low-illumination environment enable all-weather remote sensing observation all day long to be possible, and with the rise of commercial remote sensing, the demand on an optical system of a short-wave infrared remote sensing camera is gradually increased. However, the prior art is generally a short-wave infrared optical system with small caliber and short focal length, and the spectral range is generally 0.9 m-1.7 m.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a large-caliber long-focus multispectral short-wave infrared optical system aiming at the defects in the prior art, can realize the imaging of two spectral bands in short-wave infrared, and has the characteristics of large caliber, long focus, large view field and compact structure.
The object of the invention can be achieved by the following technical measures:
the invention provides a large-caliber long-focus multispectral short-wave infrared optical system, which is characterized in that a primary mirror, a secondary mirror, a dichroic mirror, a short-wavelength spectrum section lens group, a short-wavelength spectrum section infrared focal plane detector, a long-wavelength spectrum section lens group and a long-wavelength spectrum section infrared focal plane detector are sequentially arranged along the direction of a light path;
the primary mirror and the secondary mirror form a Cassegrain system, the reflecting surface of the primary mirror and the reflecting surface of the secondary mirror are oppositely arranged, and the primary mirror is provided with a central hole;
the dichroic mirror is arranged behind the primary mirror, reflects short wavelength spectrum and transmits long wavelength spectrum;
the light beam is reflected by the primary mirror and then enters the secondary mirror, and then enters the dichroic mirror after being reflected by the secondary mirror, wherein a short-wavelength spectrum is reflected by the dichroic mirror and then is imaged on the short-wavelength spectrum infrared focal plane detector after passing through the short-wavelength spectrum lens group, and a long-wavelength spectrum is transmitted by the dichroic mirror and then is imaged on the long-wavelength spectrum infrared focal plane detector after passing through the long-wavelength spectrum lens group;
the short wavelength spectrum transmission range of the optical imaging system is 1.19-1.29 mu m, and the long wavelength spectrum transmission range is 1.57-1.65 mu m.
Preferably, the short wavelength spectrum lens group consists of a first lens, a second lens, a third lens and a fourth lens which are sequentially arranged along the same optical axis;
the focal power of the first lens and the focal power of the fourth lens are negative, and the focal power of the second lens and the focal power of the third lens are positive.
Preferably, the first lens is made of N-KZFS4 glass material and is a negative lens, the front surface of the first lens is a convex spherical lens, and the rear surface of the first lens is a concave spherical lens;
the second lens is made of N-LAF2 glass material and is a positive lens, the front surface of the second lens is a convex spherical lens, and the rear surface of the second lens is a concave spherical lens;
the third lens is made of N-LAK7 glass material and is a positive lens, the front surface of the third lens is a convex spherical lens, and the rear surface of the third lens is a concave spherical lens;
the fourth lens is made of N-KZFS4 glass material and is a negative lens, the front surface of the fourth lens is a concave spherical lens, and the rear surface of the fourth lens is a concave spherical lens.
Preferably, the long wavelength band lens group is composed of a fifth lens, a sixth lens, a seventh lens and an eighth lens, which are disposed in order along the same optical axis;
the focal power of the fifth lens and the focal power of the seventh lens are negative, and the focal power of the sixth lens and the focal power of the eighth lens are positive.
Preferably, the fifth lens is made of N-LAF2 glass material and is a positive lens, the front surface of the fifth lens is a convex spherical lens, and the rear surface of the fifth lens is a convex spherical lens;
the sixth lens is made of N-KZFS4 glass material and is a negative lens, the front surface of the sixth lens is a concave spherical lens, and the rear surface of the sixth lens is a concave spherical lens;
the seventh lens is made of N-KZFS4 glass material and is a negative lens, the front surface of the seventh lens is a convex spherical lens, and the rear surface of the seventh lens is a concave spherical lens;
the eighth lens is made of N-KZFS4 glass material and is a negative lens, the front surface of the eighth lens is a concave spherical lens, and the rear surface of the eighth lens is a concave spherical lens.
Preferably, the primary mirror is a concave aspheric mirror, and the reflecting surface is a standard quadric surface or a high-order aspheric surface.
Preferably, the secondary mirror is a convex aspheric mirror, and the reflecting surface is a standard quadric surface or a high-order aspheric surface.
Preferably, the primary mirror and the secondary mirror are made of any one of aluminum alloy, silicon carbide, beryllium and glass ceramics.
Preferably, the short wavelength spectrum infrared focal plane detector and the long wavelength spectrum infrared focal plane detector are semiconductor refrigeration type or non-refrigeration type short wave infrared detectors, and comprise windows and focal plane arrays, and the focal plane arrays can image short wave infrared spectrum segments of 0.9-1.7 m in an electromagnetic spectrum.
The large-caliber long-focus multispectral short-wave infrared optical system has the beneficial effects that:
1) Multispectral imaging
The large-aperture long-focus multispectral short-wave infrared optical system adopts a coaxial catadioptric optical structure, and separates the energy of two spectral bands through a dichroic mirror to realize multispectral imaging.
2) Large caliber, long focal length and large field of view
The large-caliber long-focus multispectral short-wave infrared optical system can realize a larger optical system view field range by utilizing the primary mirror and the secondary mirror and the lens element, and simultaneously, the whole optical-mechanical system has compact structure and small volume due to the reasonable arrangement of the lens element, and can realize the miniaturization of the large-caliber long-focus large-view field short-wave infrared multispectral camera.
3) Excellent imaging performance
According to the large-caliber long-focus multispectral short-wave infrared optical system, most of focal power is shared by the front-section coaxial reflection type system, and the optical system can realize large-caliber long-focus and large-field imaging by matching with the aberration balance of the rear-end lens group, so that the imaging quality approaches or reaches the diffraction limit.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a large-aperture long-focus multispectral shortwave infrared optical system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an MTF curve of the large-aperture long-focus multispectral short-wavelength infrared optical system of the present invention in the short wavelength range of 1.19m to 1.29 m;
FIG. 3 is an MTF curve of the large-aperture long-focus multispectral short-wave infrared optical system of the present invention in the long wavelength range of 1.57m to 1.65 m;
description of the drawings: 1-a primary mirror; 2-a secondary mirror; a 3-dichroic mirror; 4-short wavelength spectral band lens group; 41-a first lens; 42-a second lens; 43-a third lens; 44-a fourth lens; a 5-long wavelength band lens group; 51-a fifth lens; 52-sixth lens; 53-seventh lens; 54-an eighth lens; 6-short wavelength spectrum section infrared focal plane detector; 7-long wavelength spectrum infrared focal plane detector.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not limit the invention.
In order to make the description of the present disclosure more complete and complete, the following description is given for illustrative purposes with respect to the embodiments and examples of the present invention; it is not intended to be the only form in which the embodiments of the invention may be practiced or utilized. The embodiments are intended to cover the features of the various embodiments as well as the method steps and sequences for constructing and operating the embodiments. However, other embodiments may be utilized to achieve the same or equivalent functions and step sequences.
Referring to fig. 1, a main mirror 1, a secondary mirror 2, a dichroic mirror 3, a short wavelength spectrum lens group 4, a short wavelength spectrum infrared focal plane detector 6, a long wavelength spectrum lens group 5 and a long wavelength spectrum infrared focal plane detector 7 are sequentially arranged along a light path direction for the large-aperture long-focus multispectral short-wave infrared optical system of the present invention;
the primary mirror 1 and the secondary mirror 2 form a Cassegrain system, the reflecting surface of the primary mirror 1 and the reflecting surface of the secondary mirror 2 are oppositely arranged, and the primary mirror 1 is provided with a central hole;
the dichroic mirror 3 is arranged behind the primary mirror 1, reflects short wavelength spectrum and transmits long wavelength spectrum;
the light beam is reflected by the primary mirror 1 and then enters the secondary mirror 2, and then is reflected by the secondary mirror 2 and then enters the dichroic mirror 3, wherein a short-wavelength spectrum is reflected by the dichroic mirror 3 and then is imaged on the short-wavelength spectrum infrared focal plane detector 6 through the short-wavelength spectrum lens group 4, and a long-wavelength spectrum is transmitted by the dichroic mirror 3 and then is imaged on the long-wavelength spectrum infrared focal plane detector 7 through the long-wavelength spectrum lens group 5;
the short wavelength spectrum transmission range of the optical imaging system is 1.19-1.29 mu m, and the long wavelength spectrum transmission range is 1.57-1.65 mu m.
In some embodiments, primary mirror 1 may be selected to be a concave aspheric mirror and secondary mirror 2 may be selected to be a convex aspheric mirror. The materials of the primary mirror 1 and the secondary mirror 2 can be aluminum alloy, silicon carbide, beryllium, glass ceramics and the like. The reflecting surface of the primary mirror 1 and the reflecting surface of the secondary mirror 2 can be standard quadric surfaces, namely paraboloids, ellipsoids or hyperboloids, and can also be high-order aspheric surfaces; the reflecting surfaces of the primary mirror 1 and the secondary mirror 2 may be the same or different in surface shape, and preferably, the surface shapes of the primary mirror 1 and the secondary mirror 2 are hyperboloids.
In some embodiments, the short wavelength spectrum band lens group 4 is composed of a first lens 41, a second lens 42, a third lens 43 and a fourth lens 44, which are sequentially disposed along the same optical axis; the focal power of the first lens 41 and the fourth lens 44 is negative, and the focal power of the second lens 42 and the third lens 43 is positive. The primary imaging system is composed of the primary mirror 1, the secondary mirror 2 and the short wavelength spectrum section lens group 4, and the short wavelength infrared system reflected by the target or the scene is imaged on the short wavelength spectrum section infrared focal plane detector 7. The long wavelength spectrum lens group 5 consists of a fifth lens, a sixth lens, a seventh lens and an eighth lens which are sequentially arranged along the same optical axis; the focal power of the fifth lens and the seventh lens is negative, and the focal power of the sixth lens and the eighth lens is positive. The primary imaging system is composed of a primary mirror 1, a secondary mirror 2, a dichroic mirror 3 and a long wavelength spectrum lens group 5, and the short wave infrared system reflected by a target or a scene is imaged on a long wavelength spectrum infrared focal plane detector 7.
Preferably, the first lens 41 is made of N-KZFS4 glass material, and is a negative lens, the front surface of which is a convex spherical lens, and the rear surface of which is a concave spherical lens; the second lens 42 is made of N-LAF2 glass material and is a positive lens, the front surface of the second lens is a convex spherical lens, and the rear surface of the second lens is a concave spherical lens; the third lens 43 is made of N-LAK7 glass material and is a positive lens, the front surface of the third lens is a convex spherical lens, and the rear surface of the third lens is a concave spherical lens; the fourth lens 44 is made of N-KZFS4 glass material and is a negative lens, the front surface of which is a concave spherical lens, and the rear surface of which is a concave spherical lens. The fifth lens 51 is made of N-LAF2 glass material and is a positive lens, the front surface of the fifth lens is a convex spherical lens, and the rear surface of the fifth lens is a convex spherical lens; the sixth lens 52 is made of N-KZFS4 glass material and is a negative lens, the front surface of the sixth lens is a concave spherical lens, and the rear surface of the sixth lens is a concave spherical lens; the seventh lens 53 is made of N-KZFS4 glass material and is a negative lens, the front surface of the seventh lens is a convex spherical lens, and the rear surface of the seventh lens is a concave spherical lens; the eighth lens 54 is a negative lens made of N-KZFS4 glass material, and has a concave spherical lens on the front surface and a concave spherical lens on the rear surface.
In some embodiments, the short wavelength range infrared focal plane detector 6 and the long wavelength range infrared focal plane detector 7 are wide-range semiconductor refrigeration type or non-refrigeration type short-wave infrared detectors, and comprise windows and focal plane arrays, and the focal plane arrays can image short-wave infrared spectrum ranges from 0.9m to 1.7m in the electromagnetic spectrum.
Of course, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and other types and materials of the primary mirror 1, the secondary mirror 2, the first lens 41, the second lens 42, the third lens 43, the fourth lens 44, the fifth lens 51, the sixth lens 52, the seventh lens 53, and the eighth lens 54 may be used.
The short wavelength spectrum transmission range of the optical imaging system is 1.19-1.29 mu m, the long wavelength spectrum transmission range is 1.57-1.65 mu m, and multi-spectral-band imaging is realized.
Example 1
The technical indexes of the system are as follows:
the working wave band is as follows: short wavelength spectrum: 1.19-1.29 μm; long wavelength spectrum: 1.57-1.65 μm;
caliber: 170mm;
focal length: 850mm;
relative pore size: 1:5;
visual field: 1.682 ° × 0.78 °;
detector pixel size: 20 μm × 20 μm;
the parameters of the optical elements of the large-caliber long-focus multispectral short-wave infrared optical system of the embodiment are shown in table 1 and table 2.
TABLE 1 short wavelength spectrum optical element parameter design table
TABLE 2 Long wavelength region optical element parameter design table
As shown in fig. 2-3, the MTF curves of the large-aperture long-focus multispectral short-wavelength infrared optical system in the short wavelength range of 1.19m to 1.29m and the MTF curves in the long wavelength range of 1.57m to 1.65m in the present embodiment have the following optical transfer functions: the short wavelength spectrum section is 1.19 m-1.29 m, and the MTF of the edge field is more than 0.5 when the spatial frequency is 25 lp/mm; the MTF of the edge field is more than 0.5 in the long wavelength spectrum range of 1.57 m-1.65 m and the spatial frequency of 25 lp/mm. The large-caliber long-focus multispectral short-wave infrared optical system has good imaging quality and is close to the diffraction limit.
The large-caliber long-focus multispectral short-wave infrared optical system has the beneficial effects that:
1) Multispectral imaging
The large-aperture long-focus multispectral short-wave infrared optical system adopts a coaxial catadioptric optical structure, and separates the energy of two spectral bands through a dichroic mirror to realize multispectral imaging.
2) Large diameter, long focal length and large visual field
The large-caliber long-focus multispectral short-wave infrared optical system can realize a larger optical system view field range by utilizing the primary mirror and the secondary mirror and the lens element, and simultaneously, the whole optical-mechanical system has compact structure and small volume due to the reasonable arrangement of the lens element, and can realize the miniaturization of the large-caliber long-focus large-view field short-wave infrared multispectral camera.
3) Excellent imaging performance
According to the large-caliber long-focus multispectral short-wave infrared optical system, most of focal power is shared through the front-section coaxial reflection type system, and the optical system can realize large-caliber long-focus and large-field imaging by matching with the aberration balance of the rear-end lens group, so that the imaging quality is close to or reaches the diffraction limit.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A large-caliber long-focus multispectral short-wave infrared optical system is characterized in that a primary mirror, a secondary mirror, a dichroic mirror, a short-wavelength spectrum lens group, a short-wavelength spectrum infrared focal plane detector, a long-wavelength spectrum lens group and a long-wavelength spectrum infrared focal plane detector are sequentially arranged along the direction of a light path;
the primary mirror and the secondary mirror form a Cassegrain system, the reflecting surface of the primary mirror and the reflecting surface of the secondary mirror are oppositely arranged, and the primary mirror is provided with a central hole;
the dichroic mirror is arranged behind the primary mirror, reflects the short wavelength spectrum band and transmits the long wavelength spectrum band;
the light beam is reflected by the primary mirror and then enters the secondary mirror, and then enters the dichroic mirror after being reflected by the secondary mirror, wherein a short-wavelength spectrum is reflected by the dichroic mirror and then is imaged on the short-wavelength spectrum infrared focal plane detector after passing through the short-wavelength spectrum lens group, and a long-wavelength spectrum is transmitted by the dichroic mirror and then is imaged on the long-wavelength spectrum infrared focal plane detector after passing through the long-wavelength spectrum lens group;
the short wavelength spectrum transmission range of the optical imaging system is 1.19-1.29 mu m, and the long wavelength spectrum transmission range is 1.57-1.65 mu m;
the short wavelength spectrum lens group consists of a first lens, a second lens, a third lens and a fourth lens which are sequentially arranged along the same optical axis;
focal powers of the first lens and the fourth lens are negative, and focal powers of the second lens and the third lens are positive;
the first lens is made of N-KZFS4 glass material and is a negative lens, the front surface of the first lens is a convex spherical lens, and the rear surface of the first lens is a concave spherical lens;
the second lens is made of N-LAF2 glass material and is a positive lens, the front surface of the second lens is a convex spherical lens, and the rear surface of the second lens is a concave spherical lens;
the third lens is made of N-LAK7 glass material and is a positive lens, the front surface of the third lens is a convex spherical lens, and the rear surface of the third lens is a concave spherical lens;
the fourth lens is made of N-KZFS4 glass material and is a negative lens, the front surface of the fourth lens is a concave spherical lens, and the rear surface of the fourth lens is a concave spherical lens;
the long wavelength spectrum lens group consists of a fifth lens, a sixth lens, a seventh lens and an eighth lens which are sequentially arranged along the same optical axis;
focal powers of the fifth lens and the seventh lens are negative, and focal powers of the sixth lens and the eighth lens are positive;
the fifth lens is made of N-LAF2 glass material and is a positive lens, the front surface of the fifth lens is a convex spherical lens, and the rear surface of the fifth lens is a convex spherical lens;
the sixth lens is made of N-KZFS4 glass material and is a negative lens, the front surface of the sixth lens is a concave spherical lens, and the rear surface of the sixth lens is a concave spherical lens;
the seventh lens is made of N-KZFS4 glass material and is a negative lens, the front surface of the seventh lens is a convex spherical lens, and the rear surface of the seventh lens is a concave spherical lens;
the eighth lens is made of N-KZFS4 glass material and is a negative lens, the front surface of the eighth lens is a concave spherical lens, and the rear surface of the eighth lens is a concave spherical lens.
2. The large-aperture long-focal-length multispectral shortwave infrared optical system of claim 1, wherein the primary mirror is a concave aspheric mirror, and the reflecting surface is a standard quadric or higher-order aspheric surface.
3. The large-aperture long-focal-length multispectral shortwave infrared optical system of claim 1, wherein the secondary mirror is a convex aspheric mirror, and the reflecting surface is a standard quadric or a higher-order aspheric surface.
4. The large-aperture long-focal-length multispectral short-wave infrared optical system according to claim 1, wherein the primary mirror and the secondary mirror are made of any one of aluminum alloy, silicon carbide, beryllium and glass ceramics.
5. The large-aperture long-focus multispectral shortwave infrared optical system of claim 1, wherein the short-wavelength-spectrum infrared focal-plane detector and the long-wavelength-spectrum infrared focal-plane detector are semiconductor-refrigerating type or non-refrigerating type shortwave infrared detectors, each short-wavelength-spectrum infrared focal-plane detector comprises a window and a focal-plane array, and the focal-plane array can image a short-wave infrared spectral segment of 0.9-1.7 m in an electromagnetic spectrum.
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