CN102879890B - Varifocal optical system with long focus and large relative aperture - Google Patents
Varifocal optical system with long focus and large relative aperture Download PDFInfo
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- CN102879890B CN102879890B CN201210234119.6A CN201210234119A CN102879890B CN 102879890 B CN102879890 B CN 102879890B CN 201210234119 A CN201210234119 A CN 201210234119A CN 102879890 B CN102879890 B CN 102879890B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a varifocal optical system with a long focus and a large relative aperture, which is used for working in an infrared band of a medium wave. The varifocal optical system comprises a front fixing group, a zoom group, a compensation group and a rear fixing group, wherein the varifocal optical system is composed of nine pieces of lenses, the front fixing group comprises three pieces of the lenses, and rest lens groups comprise two pieces of the lenses respectively. Through the adoption of special infrared optical material and reasonable optimal combination of the material, the achromatism in an infrared wide band of the medium wave is realized; two aspheric surfaces are respectively introduced in the zoom group and the rear fixing group to enable the optical system to achieve the imaging performance of diffraction limit in various imaging positions; methods of secondary imaging, folding an optical path by a plane mirror and the like are adopted in the design to reduce the size of the optical system. The varifocal optical system adopting a coaxial transmission-type structure has the advantages of less lenses, easiness for processing, large system zoom range, large detectable distance, large relative aperture, high energy utilization efficiency, wide band range application, small color difference, small aberration, uniform image plane illuminance distribution and excellent imaging performance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of varifocal optical imaging system, particularly a kind of long-focus coaxial transmittance structure, that work in medium-wave infrared wave band, object lens of large relative aperture varifocal optical imaging system of adopting.
Background technology
Varifocal optical imaging system, is not changing under the prerequisite of optical system position, can realize the object imaging to different distance place, can effectively improve detection and identify efficiency.Overcome traditional fixed-focus system because the requirements such as focal length is long, relative aperture is large cause systems bulky, and then be difficult to realize by mobile system the difficulty of different distance imaging.
The concept of zoom was proposed first, so far the developing history of existing more than 150 year in 1834 from British mathematician.At present, varifocal optical image technology has obtained many-sided concern and application, from the design that is applied to motion picture camera lens early, to the design of the imaging spectrometer pre-objective of our times various countries study hotspot etc., these designs relate to the varifocal optical imaging system of visible ray, visible near-infrared or short infrared wave band mostly.Along with the continuous progress of infrared focus plane technology and the progressively expansion of practical ranges thereof, demand to infrared varifocal optical imaging system strengthens day by day, the feature not only with above-mentioned zoom system, there is the advantages such as infrared system good environmental adaptability, good concealment, antijamming capability be strong simultaneously, can effectively improve infrared acquisition and the recognition capability of target.
The quality of optical imaging system image quality directly affects its Effect on Detecting.For general optical imaging system, particularly infrared system, be subject to the restriction of material, be difficult to when meeting long-focus and object lens of large relative aperture, realize achromatism and second order spectrum in broadband.At present, the medium-wave infrared wave band varifocal optical imaging system of report, service band is at 3~5m mostly, and bandwidth is little, and focal length is short, and design difficulty is relatively little.Before the present invention makes reported in literature a kind of variable focal length optical system ([J] infrared technique, the 31st the 12nd phase of volume in 2009), it is simple in structure, good imaging quality, service band is 3~5m, zooming range is 30~150mm, longest focal length is only 150mm.Document has also been reported a kind of variable focal length optical system ([J] applied optics, 2006, the 27th the 1st phase of volume), zooming range 13~275mm, although the nearly 300mm of long burnt termination, has adopted three aspheric surfaces in its system, greatly increased system difficulty of processing and manufacturing cost, and system works wavelength band is little, only 3.7~4.8m.Cannot meet the medium-wave infrared varifocal imaging optical system of long-focus, object lens of large relative aperture.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiency that prior art exists, a kind of applicable wide waveband (medium-wave infrared 7.7~10.3m), the long-focus 3 that relative aperture is large, imaging performance is excellent, simple in structure, development cost is low are provided
xthe varifocal optical imaging system of continuous vari-focus.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of long-focus object lens of large relative aperture varifocal optical imaging system is provided, and it is transmission type optical system, is operated in medium-wave infrared wave band; The structure that described photoimaging is learned system is coaxial configuration, comprises four lens combination that are installed in a lens barrel, along light incident direction, is followed successively by front fixedly group, zoom group, compensation group and rear fixedly group; Plane mirror (5) is placed between front fixedly group and zoom group, becomes miter angle with optical axis;
Described front fixedly group, along light incident direction, is followed successively by first positive lens (11), a negative lens (12) and second positive lens (13); Described each lens correspond to f ' successively with respect to the normalization focal length of varifocal imaging optical system long-focus
11, f '
12, f '
13, respective value scope is respectively 1.2≤f '
11≤ 1.4 ,-2.3≤f '
12≤-2.1 and 2.6≤f '
13≤ 2.8;
Described zoom group, along light incident direction, is followed successively by a negative lens (21) and a positive lens (22); Each lens correspond to f ' successively with respect to the normalization focal length of varifocal imaging optical system long-focus
21, f '
22, be respectively-0.4≤f ' of respective value scope
21≤-0.2 and 0.15≤f '
22≤ 0.3; The positive lens of described zoom group (22), its rear surface is high order aspheric surface, asphericity coefficient comprises biquadratic, six powers and eight power item, is respectively e
2224, e
2226and e
2228, span is 3.8E-8≤e
2224≤ 4.3E-8 ,-9.80E-14≤e
2226≤-9.3E-14,0.7E-17≤e
2228≤ 1.2E-17;
Described compensation group, along light incident direction, is followed successively by a negative lens (31) and a positive lens (32); Each lens correspond to f ' successively with respect to the normalization focal length of varifocal imaging optical system long-focus
31, f '
32, be respectively-0.7≤f ' of respective value scope
31≤-0.5 and 0.1≤f '
32≤ 0.3;
Described rear fixedly group, along light incident direction, is followed successively by first positive lens (41) and second positive lens (42); Each lens correspond to f ' successively with respect to the normalization focal length of varifocal imaging optical system long-focus
41and f '
42; Second positive lens (42) of described rear fixedly group, its rear surface is high order aspheric surface, asphericity coefficient comprises biquadratic, six powers, eight power and ten power items, is respectively e
4224, e
4226, e
4228and e
42210, be respectively-1.2E-6≤e of span
4224≤-0.7E-6 ,-2.5E-10≤e
4226≤-2.0E-10,3.5E-13≤e
4228≤ 4.0E-13 ,-2.5E-16≤e
42210≤-2.0E-16.
The refractive index of first positive lens (11) of described front fixedly group, negative lens (12) and the second positive lens (13) corresponds to n successively
11, n
12and n
13; The refractive index of the negative lens of described zoom group (21) and positive lens (22) corresponds to n successively
21and n
22; The refractive index of the negative lens of described compensation group (31) and positive lens (32) corresponds to n successively
31and n
32; First positive lens (41) of described rear fixedly group and the refractive index of the second positive lens (42) correspond to n successively
41and n
42; The span of their correspondences is respectively 3.60≤n
11≤ 4.15,2.21≤n
12≤ 2.76,2.32≤n
13≤ 2.87,3.70≤n
21≤ 4.25,3.83≤n
22≤ 4.18,2.30≤n
31≤ 2.75,3.50≤n
32≤ 4.15,2.31≤n
41≤ 2.56 and 3.62≤n
42≤ 4.17.
A kind of long-focus object lens of large relative aperture varifocal imaging optical system of the present invention, it is 3 times of zoom optical imaging systems, focal length variations scope is 100mm~300mm; Its optical tube length is less than 450mm.
Compared with prior art, feature of the present invention is:
1, adopt coaxial transmission secondary imaging structure, have advantages of that applicable wide waveband, focal length are grown, relative aperture is large, aspheric surface number is few, low cost of manufacture.
2, utilize plane mirror to carry out light path turnover, effectively reduce system parasitic light and physical dimension.
3, the long-focus the present invention relates to, object lens of large relative aperture varifocal optical imaging system, have that broadband achromatism is good, astigmatism is little, little feature distorts.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation (imaging optical path) figure of the long-focus object lens of large relative aperture varifocal optical imaging system that provides of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is that the long-focus object lens of large relative aperture varifocal optical imaging system that provides of the embodiment of the present invention is respectively at the ray tracing point range figure of short Jiao, middle Jiao and long burnt three position image planes;
Fig. 3 is that the long-focus object lens of large relative aperture varifocal optical imaging system that provides of the embodiment of the present invention is respectively at the encircled energy curve of short Jiao, middle Jiao and long burnt three positions;
Fig. 4 is that the long-focus object lens of large relative aperture varifocal optical imaging system that provides of the embodiment of the present invention is respectively at the distortion curve of short Jiao, middle Jiao and long burnt three positions;
Fig. 5 is that the long-focus object lens of large relative aperture varifocal optical imaging system that provides of the embodiment of the present invention is respectively at the image planes relative exposure curve of short Jiao, middle Jiao and long burnt three positions;
Fig. 6 is that the long-focus object lens of large relative aperture varifocal optical imaging system that provides of the embodiment of the present invention is respectively at the modulation transfer function curve of short Jiao, middle Jiao and long burnt three positions.
In figure: 11, the first positive lens of front fixedly group; 12, the negative lens of front fixedly group; 13, the second positive lens of front fixedly group; 21, the negative lens of zoom group; 22, the positive lens of zoom group; The negative lens of 31, compensation group; The positive lens of 32, compensation group; 41, the first positive lens of rear fixedly group; 42, the second positive lens of rear fixedly group; 5, plane mirror; 6, middle Polaroid position; 7, the picture plane of zoom system.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, working of an invention scheme is done to further concrete elaboration.
Embodiment:
The technical scheme of the present embodiment is to provide a kind of long-focus, object lens of large relative aperture, medium-wave infrared wave band varifocal optical imaging system, and its service band is 7.7m~10.3m, and system F number is F/#=3, and continuous vari-focus scope is 100mm~300mm.
Referring to accompanying drawing 1, it is structural representation (imaging optical path) figure of the long-focus that provides of the present embodiment, object lens of large relative aperture, medium-wave infrared wave band varifocal optical imagery system; This varifocal optical imaging system comprises front fixedly group, zoom group, compensation group and rear fixedly group, and front fixedly group is by the first positive lens 11 of front fixedly group, and the second positive lens 13 of the negative lens 12 of front fixedly group and front fixedly group forms; Zoom group is by the negative lens 21 of zoom group, and the positive lens 22 of zoom group forms; Compensation group is by the negative lens 31 that compensates group, and the positive lens 32 of compensation group forms; Rear fixedly group is by the first positive lens 41 of rear fixedly group, and the second positive lens 42 of rear fixedly group forms.Plane mirror 5, between front fixedly group and zoom group, becomes miter angle to place with optical axis; Middle Polaroid position 6 is between plane mirror 5 and zoom group; Zoom system as plane 7, be positioned at the photosurface of focus planardetector.
Utilize Zemax optical design software, the Optimum Design Results of corresponding each lens correlation parameter is as follows: along radiation direction, the radius-of-curvature of lens 11 front and rear surfaces is respectively 965.5mm and 5350.4mm, and thickness is 29.8mm, and refractive index is 3.75; Be respectively-403.1mm of the radius-of-curvature ,-742.7mm of lens 12 front and rear surfaces, thickness is 10.0mm, refractive index is 2.53; The radius-of-curvature of lens 13 front and rear surfaces is respectively 106.9mm, 106.8mm, and thickness is 16.5mm, and refractive index is 2.55; Be respectively-56.2mm of the radius-of-curvature ,-83.7mm of lens 21 front and rear surfaces, thickness is 13.2mm, refractive index is 4.10; Be respectively-965.3mm of the radius-of-curvature ,-182.5mm of lens 22 front and rear surfaces, thickness is 17.7mm, refractive index is 3.95, the high order aspheric surface coefficient biquadratic item e of rear surface
2224for 4.1E-8, six power item e
2226for-9.6E-14 and eight power item e
2228for 1.0E-17; The radius-of-curvature of lens 31 front and rear surfaces is respectively 46.9mm, 34.6mm, and thickness is 10.0mm, and refractive index is 2.55; The radius-of-curvature of lens 32 front and rear surfaces is respectively 41.0mm, 43.3mm, and thickness is 12.4mm, and refractive index is 3.85; The radius-of-curvature of lens 41 front and rear surfaces is respectively 178.8mm, 247.8mm, thickness is 8.0mm, and refractive index is 2.43; The radius-of-curvature of lens 42 respectively is ∞ ,-220.5mm, and thickness is 5.0mm, and refractive index is 3.85, the high order aspheric surface coefficient biquadratic item e of rear surface
4224for-1.0E-6, six power item e
4226for-2.3E-10, eight power item e
4228for 3.8E-13 and ten power item e
42210for-2.3E-16.
The lens 11 of front fixing group are 161.9mm with the spacing of lens 12, and lens 12 are 125.4mm with the spacing of lens 13; The lens 21 of zoom group and the spacing of lens 22 are 20.9mm; The lens 31 of compensation group are 6.4mm with the spacing of lens 32; The lens 41 of rear fixing group are 13.5mm with the spacing of lens 42; Before fixing group be the long burnt end of 191.8mm(with the spacing between zoom group), burnt end in 223.2mm(), short burnt end of 288.9mm(); Distance between zoom group and compensation group is the long burnt end of 97.9mm(), burnt end in 81.9mm(), the short burnt end of 25.3mm(); Compensation group and the rear fixedly distance between group are the long burnt end of 34.7mm(), burnt end in 19.4mm(), the short burnt end of 10.3mm().
Adopt after plane mirror turnover light path, by the optical system overall length of above-mentioned data, will reduce approximately half.
As seen from Figure 1, this system has only adopted nine lens, and except three lens of front fixedly group, all the other groups all only have two separated lens to form, and along with focal length variations, the spacing of zoom group and compensation group reduces gradually; Every group of form that adopts lens separation, and substantially adopt the principle of positive lens high index of refraction, negative lens low-index material, reduce the curvature of field and aberration; This system relative aperture is large, and spherical aberration is obvious, in zoom group and rear fixedly group aberration sensitive area, adopts respectively high order aspheric surface, reduces spherical aberration; In figure, can find out, light 6 places in system have carried out Polaroid, can play good veiling glare inhibition and the effect that effectively reduces tube length.
Referring to accompanying drawing 2, it be optical system described in the present embodiment respectively at the ray tracing point range figure of long Jiao, middle Jiao and short burnt three positions, object after varifocal optical imaging system at it as the situation in plane.(a) figure is short burnt end (f=100mm), and (b) figure is middle burnt end (f=200mm), and (c) figure is long burnt end (f=300mm); Circle in figure is Airy spot, visible, and system can drop in Airy spot at the point range figure at the place, different visual field of each focal position, each wavelength, and expression system reaches the focusing performance of diffraction limit.
Referring to accompanying drawing 3, it is that optical system described in the present embodiment is respectively at the encircled energy curve of long Jiao, middle Jiao and short burnt three positions, (a) figure is short burnt end (f=100mm), (b) figure is middle burnt end (f=200mm), and (c) figure is long burnt end (f=300mm); Horizontal ordinate represents to surround radius of circle size, ordinate represents encircled energy numerical value, medium-wave infrared detector Pixel size is 30 μ m * 30 μ m, as can be seen from Figure, the imaging beam encircled energy of system in each focal position, each place, visual field, single detector pixel is all more than 80%, and detector can detect target well.
Accompanying drawing 4 is that optical system described in the present embodiment is respectively at the distortion curve of long Jiao, middle Jiao and short burnt three positions, (a) figure is short burnt end (f=100mm), (b) figure is middle burnt end (f=200mm), and (c) figure is long burnt end (f=300mm); Horizontal ordinate is distortion numerical value, and ordinate represents visual field.Visible, maximum in short burnt end distortion, be less than 2%.
Accompanying drawing 5 is that optical system described in the present embodiment is respectively at the illuminance of image plane distribution curve of long Jiao, middle Jiao and short burnt three positions, (a) figure is short burnt end (f=100mm), (b) figure is middle burnt end (f=200mm), and (c) figure is long burnt end (f=300mm); Horizontal ordinate is image height, and ordinate is that image plane center is to the Illumination Distribution situation at edge.Visible, in each focal position, image planes coboundary illumination is declined by less than 10% with respect to central point illumination, shows that in image planes, Illumination Distribution is even.
Accompanying drawing 6 is that optical system described in the present embodiment is respectively at the modulation transfer function curve of long Jiao, middle Jiao and short burnt three positions, (a) figure is short burnt end (f=100mm), (b) figure is middle burnt end (f=200mm), and (c) figure is long burnt end (f=300mm); Horizontal ordinate is spatial frequency, and ordinate is optical function value.Visible, at detector, be the frequency 16lp/mm of Qwest place, the transfer function values of optical system all approaches diffraction limit, higher than 0.4.
Claims (4)
1. a long-focus object lens of large relative aperture varifocal optical imaging system, is characterized in that: it is transmission type optical system, is operated in medium-wave infrared wave band; The structure that described optical imagery is learned system is coaxial configuration, comprises four lens combination that are installed in a lens barrel, along light incident direction, is followed successively by front fixedly group, zoom group, compensation group and rear fixedly group; Plane mirror (5) is placed between front fixedly group and zoom group, becomes miter angle with optical axis;
Described front fixedly group, along light incident direction, is followed successively by first positive lens (11), a negative lens (12) and second positive lens (13); Described each lens correspond to successively with respect to the normalization focal length of varifocal optical imaging system long-focus
f ' 11,
f ' 12,
f ' 13, respective value scope is respectively 1.2≤
f ' 11≤ 1.4 ,-2.3≤
f ' 12≤-2.1 and 2.6≤
f ' 13≤ 2.8;
Described zoom group, along light incident direction, is followed successively by a negative lens (21) and a positive lens (22); Each lens correspond to successively with respect to the normalization focal length of varifocal optical imaging system long-focus
f ' 21,
f ' 22, respective value scope is respectively-0.4≤
f ' 21≤-0.2 and 0.15≤
f ' 22≤ 0.3; The positive lens of described zoom group (22), its rear surface is high order aspheric surface, asphericity coefficient comprises biquadratic, six powers and eight power item, is respectively e
2224, e
2226and e
2228, span is 3.8E-8≤e
2224≤ 4.3E-8 ,-9.80E-14≤e
2226≤-9.3E-14,0.7E-17≤e
2228≤ 1.2E-17;
Described compensation group, along light incident direction, is followed successively by a negative lens (31) and a positive lens (32); Each lens correspond to successively with respect to the normalization focal length of varifocal optical imaging system long-focus
f ' 31,
f ' 32, respective value scope is respectively-0.7≤
f ' 31≤-0.5 and 0.1≤
f ' 32≤ 0.3;
Described rear fixedly group, along light incident direction, is followed successively by first positive lens (41) and second positive lens (42); Each lens correspond to successively with respect to the normalization focal length of varifocal optical imaging system long-focus
f ' 41with
f ' 42; Second positive lens (42) of described rear fixedly group, its rear surface is high order aspheric surface, asphericity coefficient comprises biquadratic, six powers, eight power and ten power items, is respectively e
4224, e
4226, e
4228and e
42210, be respectively-1.2E-6≤e of span
4224≤-0.7E-6 ,-2.5E-10≤e
4226≤-2.0E-10,3.5E-13≤e
4228≤ 4.0E-13 ,-2.5E-16≤e
42210≤-2.0E-16.
2. a kind of long-focus object lens of large relative aperture varifocal optical imaging system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the refractive index of first positive lens (11) of described front fixedly group, negative lens (12) and the second positive lens (13) corresponds to successively
n 11,
n 12with
n 13; The refractive index of the negative lens of described zoom group (21) and positive lens (22) corresponds to successively
n 21with
n 22; The refractive index of the negative lens of described compensation group (31) and positive lens (32) corresponds to successively
n 31with
n 32; First positive lens (41) of described rear fixedly group and the refractive index of the second positive lens (42) correspond to successively
n 41with
n 42; The span of their correspondences is respectively 3.60≤
n 11≤ 4.15,2.21≤
n 12≤ 2.76,2.32≤
n 13≤ 2.87,3.70≤
n 21≤ 4.25,3.83≤
n 22≤ 4.18,2.30≤
n 31≤ 2.75,3.50≤
n 32≤ 4.15,2.31≤
n 41≤ 2.56 and 3.62≤
n 42≤ 4.17.
3. a kind of long-focus object lens of large relative aperture varifocal optical imaging system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: it is 3 times of zoom optical imaging systems, and focal length variations scope is 100mm~300mm.
4. a kind of long-focus object lens of large relative aperture varifocal optical imaging system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: its optical tube length is less than 450mm.
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CN111367065B (en) * | 2020-04-27 | 2021-08-03 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Medium wave infrared continuous zooming optical system |
CN111443472B (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2022-03-01 | 苏州东方克洛托光电技术有限公司 | Long-focal-length high-zoom-ratio medium-wave infrared continuous zooming optical system |
CN115166955B (en) * | 2022-07-19 | 2023-06-02 | 凯迈(洛阳)测控有限公司 | Radiation-proof uncooled infrared continuous zooming optical system and optical lens |
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