CN114325119A - New energy automobile high-voltage system capacitor health degree prediction method and system and automobile - Google Patents
New energy automobile high-voltage system capacitor health degree prediction method and system and automobile Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for predicting the health degree of a capacitor of a high-voltage system of a new energy automobile and the automobile, wherein a corresponding capacity attenuation coefficient model of the capacitor of the high-voltage system under the conditions of different environmental temperatures and different working voltages is established; then calculating to obtain the average value of the working voltage of the high-voltage system capacitor in fixed time and the capacity attenuation coefficient corresponding to the ambient temperature, obtaining the residual life of the high-voltage system capacitor through iterative calculation, and adding a correction algorithm to eliminate the life estimation error of the high-voltage system capacitor in order to ensure the residual life estimation precision; and finally, prompting and early warning the service life state of the capacitor of the high-voltage system through a health management system. The invention can effectively estimate the residual life of the capacitor and avoid the short circuit of the component caused by overvoltage and overcurrent generated by breaking down the weak point of the capacitor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of capacitor health degree prediction of a high-voltage system of a new energy automobile, in particular to a method and a system for predicting the capacitor health degree of the high-voltage system of the new energy automobile and the automobile.
Background
The high-voltage system capacitor is an important component of a new energy automobile, has the advantages of no polarity, high insulation impedance, wide frequency response and the like, and is used for reducing bus impedance, inhibiting high-voltage power supply electromagnetic interference and absorbing ripple current from a load, so that fluctuation of bus voltage caused by sudden change of the load is effectively inhibited. The later-period failure of the high-voltage system capacitor is caused by exhaustion failure due to long-term use, and the working voltage can cause the metal film at the medium to be gradually evaporated, so that the capacity value of the high-voltage system capacitor is influenced. On the other hand, if the high-voltage system capacitor is operated at a higher temperature for a long time, the thermal aging of the high-voltage system capacitor is accelerated; if the high-voltage system capacitor is operated at a lower temperature for a long time, partial discharge is likely to be caused in the capacitor, so that the aging speed of the capacitor is accelerated. Therefore, the working voltage and the ambient temperature are key factors influencing the service life of the capacitor of the high-voltage system, and the failure of the capacitor of the high-voltage system can cause overvoltage and overcurrent, so that the weak point of the capacitor is broken down, and the short circuit of the components of the relevant controller is caused. Therefore, the real-time prediction of the capacitance health degree of the high-voltage system is important for the safe work of the high-voltage system.
At present, the estimation scheme for the capacitance health degree of the high-voltage system is mainly embodied in the following three schemes: scheme 1, estimating the capacitor life by using an empirical formula (such as an Arrhenius equation); scheme 2, fitting a life model by using attenuation data of an accelerated test; in the scheme 3, an optimization algorithm (such as a particle swarm algorithm) is adopted to calculate the state estimation value of the capacitance degradation data, so that the probability distribution of the residual life of the capacitor is obtained. Aiming at the scheme 1, only the influence of the environment temperature on the service life of the capacitor is considered, and the influence of the working voltage on the service life is ignored, so that the precision of a capacitor service life estimation model is not high; aiming at the scheme 2, the capacitor service life under each fixed environment temperature and working voltage is only tested, the residual service life of the capacitor is obtained in a capacity attenuation accumulation mode, but accumulated errors are generated when attenuation capacity in unit time is accumulated, and the accuracy of a capacitor service life estimation model is limited; for scheme 3, the algorithm occupies a large amount of CPU resources, so that the operation and execution speed of other control functions of the motor are limited.
Therefore, it is necessary to develop a method and a system for predicting the health degree of a capacitor of a high-voltage system of a new energy automobile, and an automobile.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for predicting the health degree of a capacitor of a high-voltage system of a new energy automobile, which can effectively predict the residual capacity value of the capacitor so as to avoid breakdown of weak points of the capacitor to generate short circuit of components caused by overvoltage and overcurrent.
In a first aspect, the method for predicting the health degree of the capacitor of the high-voltage system of the new energy automobile comprises the following steps:
s1: establishing a high-voltage system capacitor life numerical model corresponding to different environmental temperatures and different working voltages through an accelerated experiment, and obtaining a life attenuation coefficient under the conditions of given environmental temperature and working voltage by using the high-voltage system capacitor life numerical model;
s2: filtering the environment temperature and the working voltage of the high-voltage system capacitor according to the environment temperature and the working voltage of the high-voltage system capacitor acquired under the real-time working condition, and calculating the average value of the environment temperature and the average value of the working voltage of the high-voltage system capacitor in a fixed time period;
s3: looking up a table according to the average value of the environment temperature and the average value of the working voltage of the high-voltage system capacitor to obtain the average attenuation coefficient of the high-voltage system capacitor capacity value in a fixed time period, and calculating the total attenuation coefficient of the high-voltage system capacitor capacity in the fixed time period;
s4: calculating a residual capacity value of the high-voltage system capacitor according to the total attenuation coefficient of the high-voltage system capacitor capacity in a fixed time period;
s5: and comparing the calculated residual capacity of the high-voltage system capacitor with a preset value, and sending health management instructions and early warning of different degrees to a driver according to a comparison result.
Optionally, in S1:
and carrying out an accelerated life test in a given environment temperature range and a working voltage range to obtain the time required by the capacitance of the high-voltage system to decay to the nominal capacity of 85%, and calculating the decay coefficient of the capacitance value of the high-voltage system under the working condition by taking the reciprocal of the life time under the corresponding environment temperature and working voltage.
Optionally, in S2, the first-order filtering processing is performed on the ambient temperature and the working voltage of the high-voltage system capacitor, specifically:
in the formula: u [ k ]]、U[k-1]Respectively representing sampling numerical values of the working voltage of the high-voltage system capacitor at the current moment and the previous moment; t [ k ]]、T[k-1]Respectively representing the sampling numerical values of the current time point and the previous time point of the environment temperature; y [ k ]]、y[k-1]Respectively representing the calculation values of the working voltage of the capacitor of the high-voltage system after filtering at the current time point and the previous time point; y [ k ]]、Y[k-1]Respectively representing the calculation values of the environment temperature after the current time point and the previous time point are filtered; a is0、a1、a2、b0、b1、b2All are filter coefficient calibration variables.
Optionally, in S3, calculating a total attenuation coefficient of capacitance capacity of the high-voltage system in a fixed time period, specifically:
in the formula: delta t is the time interval of adjacent sampling points; t is tfThe fixed duration is equivalent to integral multiple of delta t; lambda [ alpha ]avgThe capacitance capacity average attenuation coefficient of the high-voltage system in a fixed time period; lambda [ alpha ]totalThe total attenuation coefficient of the capacitance capacity of the high-voltage system in a fixed time period.
Optionally, in S4, the value of the remaining capacity of the capacitor of the high-voltage system is calculated according to the total attenuation coefficient of the capacitor capacity of the high-voltage system in a fixed time period, specifically:
Cnow＝Clast·(1-λtotal)
in the formula: clastCalculating the residual capacity value of the high-voltage system capacitor in the last fixed time period; cnowAnd calculating the residual capacity value of the high-voltage system capacitor in the current fixed time period.
Optionally, in S5:
when the percentage of the residual capacity of the capacitor of the high-voltage system to the nominal capacity value is less than or equal to 100% and more than or equal to 95%, the health management system prompts that the service life of the capacitor of the high-voltage system is good;
when the percentage of the residual capacity of the capacitor of the high-voltage system to the nominal capacity value is less than 95% and more than or equal to 90%, the health management system prompts that the service life of the capacitor of the high-voltage system is good;
when the percentage of the residual capacity of the capacitor of the high-voltage system to the nominal capacity value is less than 90% and more than or equal to 85%, the health management system prompts that the service life of the capacitor of the high-voltage system is healthy;
when the percentage of the residual capacity of the high-voltage system capacitor to the nominal capacity value is less than 85%, the health management system prompts the health termination of the service life of the high-voltage system capacitor.
Optionally, judging whether a correction condition is met, and if the correction condition is met, calculating a capacity correction value C after the whole discharge process of the high-voltage system capacitor is finishedverUsing a capacity correction value CverReplacing the current high-voltage system capacitor residual capacity value CnowAnd storing the initial residual capacity value of the high-voltage system capacitor in the EEPROM as the initial residual capacity value of the high-voltage system capacitor at the next power-on;
optionally, the correction condition is that the high-voltage system meets the power-down request and the bus voltage drops below 60 v.
In a second aspect, the system for predicting the health degree of the capacitor of the high-voltage system of the new energy automobile comprises a memory and a controller, wherein the memory stores a computer readable program, and the computer readable program can execute the steps of the method for predicting the health degree of the capacitor of the high-voltage system of the new energy automobile when being called.
In a third aspect, the invention provides an automobile, which adopts the system for predicting the health degree of the capacitor of the high-voltage system of the new energy automobile.
The invention has the following advantages: firstly, establishing a corresponding capacity attenuation coefficient model of a high-voltage system capacitor under the conditions of different environmental temperatures and different working voltages; then calculating to obtain the average value of the working voltage of the high-voltage system capacitor in fixed time and the capacity attenuation coefficient corresponding to the ambient temperature, obtaining the residual life of the high-voltage system capacitor through iterative calculation, and adding a correction algorithm to eliminate the life estimation error of the high-voltage system capacitor in order to ensure the residual life estimation precision; and finally, prompting and early warning the service life state of the capacitor of the high-voltage system through a health management system. The invention can effectively estimate the residual capacity value of the capacitor and avoid the short circuit of the component caused by overvoltage and overcurrent due to the breakdown of the weak point.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a structure for calculating the remaining life of a capacitor in a high voltage system according to the present embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a residual life test of the capacitor of the high voltage system in this embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the attenuation coefficient of the capacitance value of the high voltage system in this embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a capacitor discharge circuit of the high voltage system in the present embodiment;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating monitoring and prompting of the health degree of the capacitor of the high voltage system in the present embodiment.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, in this embodiment, a method for predicting the health degree of a capacitor of a high-voltage system of a new energy vehicle specifically includes the following steps:
s1: establishing a high-voltage system capacitor life numerical model corresponding to different environmental temperatures and different working voltages through an accelerated experiment, and obtaining a life attenuation coefficient under the conditions of given environmental temperature and working voltage by using the high-voltage system capacitor life numerical model;
s2: filtering the environment temperature and the working voltage of the high-voltage system capacitor according to the environment temperature and the working voltage of the high-voltage system capacitor acquired under the real-time working condition, and calculating the average value of the environment temperature and the average value of the working voltage of the high-voltage system capacitor in a fixed time period;
s3: looking up a table according to the average value of the environment temperature and the average value of the working voltage of the high-voltage system capacitor to obtain the average attenuation coefficient of the high-voltage system capacitor capacity value in a fixed time period, and calculating the total attenuation coefficient of the high-voltage system capacitor capacity in the fixed time period;
s4: calculating a residual capacity value of the high-voltage system capacitor according to the total attenuation coefficient of the high-voltage system capacitor capacity in a fixed time period;
s5: and establishing a four-stage health management system, comparing the calculated residual capacity of the high-voltage system capacitor with a preset numerical value, and sending health management instructions and early warning of different degrees to a driver according to a comparison result.
The following describes the steps in detail:
step S1: because the environmental temperature and the working voltage are strongly related to the service life of the capacitor of the high-voltage system, the invention carries out an accelerated life test in a given environmental temperature range (T1-T2, interval points every delta T) and a working voltage range (U1-U2, interval points every delta U) to obtain the time (shown in figure 2) required by the capacitor of the high-voltage system to be attenuated to 85% of the nominal capacity, and then calculates the attenuation coefficient of the capacity value of the capacitor of the high-voltage system under the working condition by taking the reciprocal of the service time under the corresponding environmental temperature and the working voltage, as shown in figure 3.
Step S2: in order to ensure the stability of data acquisition of the ambient temperature and the working voltage of the capacitor of the high-voltage system, first-order filtering processing is firstly carried out on two parameters, as shown in a formula (1).
In the formula: u [ k ]]、U[k-1]Respectively representing sampling numerical values of the working voltage of the high-voltage system capacitor at the current moment and the previous moment; t [ k ]]、T[k-1]Respectively representing the sampling numerical values of the current time point and the previous time point of the environment temperature; y [ k ]]、y[k-1]Respectively representing the current time point and the previous time point of the working voltage of the capacitor of the high-voltage systemCalculating values after point carving filtering; y [ k ]]、Y[k-1]Respectively representing the calculation values of the environment temperature after the current time point and the previous time point are filtered; a is0、a1、a2、b0、b1、b2All are filter coefficient calibration variables.
And then, the average value of the environment temperature in a fixed time period and the working voltage of the high-voltage system capacitor is calculated to reduce the accumulated error of the attenuation of the capacitance value in the calculation process, as shown in a formula (2).
In the formula: t isenvRepresenting the real-time environment temperature collected by each sampling point in a fixed time period; u shapecapRepresenting the working voltage of the high-voltage system capacitor obtained at each sampling time point in a fixed time period; n represents the number of sample points in a fixed time period.
Step S3: according to the average ambient temperature calculated by step S2 for each sampling point and the look-up table (as shown in fig. 3) of the average working voltage of the high-voltage system capacitor, the average attenuation coefficient of the capacitance value of the high-voltage system capacitor in the fixed time period is obtained, and the total attenuation coefficient of the fixed time period at the end point is calculated by using the formula (3).
In the formula: delta t is the time interval of adjacent sampling points; t is tfThe fixed duration is equivalent to integral multiple of delta t; lambda [ alpha ]avgThe capacitance capacity average attenuation coefficient of the high-voltage system in a fixed time period; lambda [ alpha ]totalThe total attenuation coefficient of the capacitance capacity of the high-voltage system in a fixed time period.
Step S4: and (3) solving a total attenuation coefficient of the capacitance capacity of the high-voltage system in a fixed time period through a formula (3), and comprehensively considering the total capacity loss in the time period, so as to obtain the current residual capacity value of the capacitance of the high-voltage system, as shown in a formula (4).
Cnow＝Clast·(1-λtotal) (4)
In the formula: clastCalculating the residual capacity value of the high-voltage system capacitor in the last fixed time period; cnowThe calculated residual capacity value of the high-voltage system capacitor in the current fixed time period can be used as the initial residual capacity value of the high-voltage system capacitor in the next fixed time period.
Step S5: the high voltage system capacitance health is mainly expressed as a percentage degree of the current remaining capacity to the nominal capacity, as shown in formula (7). On the basis of the concept of the high-voltage system capacitor health degree, a four-stage health management system is constructed to monitor and prompt the high-voltage system capacitor health degree. As shown in fig. 5, when the percentage of the remaining capacity to the nominal capacity of the high-voltage system capacitor is less than or equal to 100% and greater than or equal to 95%, the health management system prompts that the life of the high-voltage system capacitor is healthy; when the capacity percentage of the residual capacity of the capacitor of the high-voltage system to the nominal value is less than 95% and more than or equal to 90%, the health management system prompts that the service life of the capacitor of the high-voltage system is good; when the percentage of the residual capacity of the capacitor of the high-voltage system to the nominal capacity value is less than 90% and more than or equal to 85%, the health management system prompts that the service life of the capacitor of the high-voltage system is healthy; and when the capacity percentage of the residual capacity of the high-voltage system capacitor to the nominal value is less than 85%, the health management system prompts the health termination of the service life of the high-voltage system capacitor.
In the formula: crateAnd H is the percentage of the residual capacity and the nominal capacity of the high-voltage system capacitor.
In this embodiment, in order to reduce the accumulated error of the calculation of the residual capacity value of the high-voltage system capacitor, the capacity correction value C is implemented by designing a discharge loop (as shown in fig. 4) of the high-voltage system capacitor in this embodimentverAnd (4) calculating. When the high-voltage system meets the power-off request (the main relay S is disconnected) and the bus voltage drops to 60v, the discharge is finished (the discharge termination time is t)end) Herein, thisThe current discharged by the process high-voltage system capacitor (comprising a motor film capacitor, a direct current step-down transformer (DCDC) capacitor and a charger (OBC) capacitor) is respectively consumed on a motor stator winding through a passive discharge resistor R and a motor controller, so that the current of the whole loop meets the formula (6).
In the formula: i isrIs the current flowing through the passive resistor R (which can be calculated); i issenFor bus current (measurable); i isdis_capThe current flowing out of the thin film capacitor; i isdis_dcdcThe current flows out of a DCDC capacitor of the direct current step-down transformer; i isdis_obcThe current is the current flowing out of the OBC capacitor of the charger; u shapemIs the bus voltage (measurable); r is a passive discharge resistance (measurable).
Then calculating the capacity correction value after the whole discharge process of the high-voltage system capacitor is finished through a formula (7), and finally, calculating the capacity correction value CverReplacing the current high-voltage system capacitor residual capacity value CnowAnd storing the initial residual capacity value of the high-voltage system capacitor in the EEPROM as the initial residual capacity value of the high-voltage system capacitor when the system is powered on next time.
In the formula: fixed duration tfMust be less than or equal to the discharge termination time tend。
In this embodiment, a system for predicting the health degree of a capacitor of a high-voltage system of a new energy vehicle includes a memory and a controller, where the memory stores a computer-readable program, and the computer-readable program, when being called, can execute the steps of the method for predicting the health degree of a capacitor of a high-voltage system of a new energy vehicle as described in this embodiment.
In this embodiment, an automobile adopts the system for predicting the capacitor health degree of the high-voltage system of the new energy automobile as described in this embodiment.
Claims (10)
1. A method for predicting the capacitor health degree of a high-voltage system of a new energy automobile is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: establishing a high-voltage system capacitor life numerical model corresponding to different environmental temperatures and different working voltages through an accelerated experiment, and obtaining a life attenuation coefficient under the conditions of given environmental temperature and working voltage by using the high-voltage system capacitor life numerical model;
s2: filtering the environment temperature and the working voltage of the high-voltage system capacitor according to the environment temperature and the working voltage of the high-voltage system capacitor acquired under the real-time working condition, and calculating the average value of the environment temperature and the average value of the working voltage of the high-voltage system capacitor in a fixed time period;
s3: looking up a table according to the average value of the environment temperature and the average value of the working voltage of the high-voltage system capacitor to obtain the average attenuation coefficient of the high-voltage system capacitor capacity value in a fixed time period, and calculating the total attenuation coefficient of the high-voltage system capacitor capacity in the fixed time period;
s4: calculating a residual capacity value of the high-voltage system capacitor according to the total attenuation coefficient of the high-voltage system capacitor capacity in a fixed time period;
s5: and comparing the calculated residual capacity of the high-voltage system capacitor with a preset value, and sending health management instructions and early warning of different degrees to a driver according to a comparison result.
2. The method for predicting the health degree of the capacitor of the high-voltage system of the new energy automobile according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in said S1:
and carrying out an accelerated life test in a given environment temperature range and a working voltage range to obtain the time required by the capacitance of the high-voltage system to decay to the nominal capacity of 85%, and calculating the decay coefficient of the capacitance value of the high-voltage system under the working condition by taking the reciprocal of the life time under the corresponding environment temperature and working voltage.
3. The method for predicting the health degree of the capacitor of the high-voltage system of the new energy automobile according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in S2, performing first-order filtering processing on the ambient temperature and the working voltage of the high-voltage system capacitor, specifically:
in the formula: u [ k ]]、U[k-1]Respectively representing sampling numerical values of the working voltage of the high-voltage system capacitor at the current moment and the previous moment; t [ k ]]、T[k-1]Respectively representing the sampling numerical values of the current time point and the previous time point of the environment temperature; y [ k ]]、y[k-1]Respectively representing the calculation values of the working voltage of the capacitor of the high-voltage system after filtering at the current time point and the previous time point; y [ k ]]、Y[k-1]Respectively representing the calculation values of the environment temperature after the current time point and the previous time point are filtered; a is0、a1、a2、b0、b1、b2All are filter coefficient calibration variables.
4. The method for predicting the health degree of the capacitor of the high-voltage system of the new energy automobile according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in S3, calculating a total attenuation coefficient of capacitance capacity of the high-voltage system in a fixed time period, specifically:
in the formula: delta t is the time interval of adjacent sampling points; t is tfThe fixed duration is equivalent to integral multiple of delta t; lambda [ alpha ]avgThe capacitance capacity average attenuation coefficient of the high-voltage system in a fixed time period; lambda [ alpha ]totalThe total attenuation coefficient of the capacitance capacity of the high-voltage system in a fixed time period.
5. The method for predicting the health degree of the capacitor of the high-voltage system of the new energy automobile according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in S4, the value of the remaining capacity of the capacitor in the high-voltage system is calculated according to the total attenuation coefficient of the capacitor capacity in the high-voltage system in a fixed time period, which specifically includes:
Cnow＝Clast·(1-λtotal)
in the formula: clastCalculating the residual capacity value of the high-voltage system capacitor in the last fixed time period; cnowAnd calculating the residual capacity value of the high-voltage system capacitor in the current fixed time period.
6. The method for predicting the health degree of the capacitor of the high-voltage system of the new energy automobile according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in said S5:
when the percentage of the residual capacity of the capacitor of the high-voltage system to the nominal capacity value is less than or equal to 100% and more than or equal to 95%, the health management system prompts that the service life of the capacitor of the high-voltage system is good;
when the percentage of the residual capacity of the capacitor of the high-voltage system to the nominal capacity value is less than 95% and more than or equal to 90%, the health management system prompts that the service life of the capacitor of the high-voltage system is good;
when the percentage of the residual capacity of the capacitor of the high-voltage system to the nominal capacity value is less than 90% and more than or equal to 85%, the health management system prompts that the service life of the capacitor of the high-voltage system is healthy;
when the percentage of the residual capacity of the high-voltage system capacitor to the nominal capacity value is less than 85%, the health management system prompts the health termination of the service life of the high-voltage system capacitor.
7. The method for predicting the health degree of the capacitor of the high-voltage system of the new energy automobile according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: further comprising: judging whether the correction condition is met, if so, calculating a capacity correction value C after the whole discharge process of the high-voltage system capacitor is finishedverUsing a capacity correction value CverReplacing the current high-voltage system capacitor residual capacity value CnowAnd storing the initial residual capacity value of the high-voltage system capacitor in the EEPROM as the initial residual capacity value of the high-voltage system capacitor at the next power-on.
8. The method for predicting the health degree of the capacitor of the high-voltage system of the new energy automobile according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the correction condition is that the high-voltage system meets the power-down request and the bus voltage drops below 60 v.
9. The utility model provides a new energy automobile high-voltage system electric capacity health degree prediction system which characterized in that: the method comprises a memory and a controller, wherein the memory stores a computer readable program, and the computer readable program can be called to execute the steps of the method for predicting the health degree of the capacitor of the high-voltage system of the new energy automobile according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. An automobile, characterized in that the system for predicting the health of the capacitor of the high-voltage system of the new energy automobile as claimed in claim 9 is adopted.
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