CN106646259B - A kind of detection method of power of battery attenuation degree - Google Patents
A kind of detection method of power of battery attenuation degree Download PDFInfo
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- CN106646259B CN106646259B CN201611216545.1A CN201611216545A CN106646259B CN 106646259 B CN106646259 B CN 106646259B CN 201611216545 A CN201611216545 A CN 201611216545A CN 106646259 B CN106646259 B CN 106646259B
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- electrokinetic cell
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/3644—Constructional arrangements
- G01R31/3648—Constructional arrangements comprising digital calculation means, e.g. for performing an algorithm
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of detection method of power of battery attenuation degree, for detecting the attenuation degree of electrokinetic cell in electric automobile, comprise the following steps：Current time electrokinetic cell is judged whether in effective range, if then detecting the resistance value R of current time electrokinetic celljContinue to judge if otherwise returning；According to resistance value Rj, calculate and store the resistance factor-beta of current power batteryj；Judge whether the resistance factor of storage reaches estimator N, if then entering in next step, if otherwise returning to the first step；Calculate all resistance factor-betas of storagejMinimum Mean Square Error, obtain lowest mean square resistance factor-beta；Attenuation degree assessed value ε is calculated according to obtained lowest mean square resistance factor-beta；The attenuation degree of electrokinetic cell is judged according to attenuation degree assessed value ε.Compared with prior art, the present invention has the advantages that accuracy of detection is high, not affected by noise and detection error is small.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to automobile batteries field, more particularly, to a kind of detection method of power of battery attenuation degree.
Background technology
High-voltage electrical apparatus part has many on electric automobile, as high-tension battery bag, high pressure junction box, electric machine controller are empty
Controller, DC/DC, charger etc. are adjusted, electrokinetic cell is one of part of most critical.The performance of electrokinetic cell is generally with using journey
Degree and use and storage time increase and died down.This die down has two kinds of forms of expression：Battery capacity (capacity) change (becomes
It is small), and the change (diminishing) with a temperature of in same storing up electricity degree of charge-discharge electric power ability.In industry, for battery capacity,
General Loss more than 20% shows that battery no longer has enough capacity.
The sign of power of battery decay generally shows the increase of cell resistance.The unified regulation of neither one in industry,
But general resistance increase is inversely proportional with the charge-discharge electric power in the case of same temperature and charge volume.Typically pass through the longevity in industry
The comparison of resistance and present resistance during life beginning BOL (Begin-of-Life), to determine the degree of power attenuation decay.
This method for determining power attenuation has two problems：First, resistance is closely related with temperature, and temperature is generally only
It is the temperature of whole module, rather than the temperature of battery surface, there is higher detection inaccuracy, while also can be by noise
Influence.Second, the detection of current battery life is all to carry out online, it is difficult to determine the resistance estimation one on some time point
Surely it is accurate, therefore, determines that power of battery attenuation degree has significant limitation with the resistance estimate of a point.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of detection method of power of battery attenuation degree regarding to the issue above.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of detection method of power of battery attenuation degree, for detecting the attenuation degree of electrokinetic cell in electric automobile,
Methods described comprises the following steps：
1) current time electrokinetic cell is judged whether in effective range, if then detecting current time electrokinetic cell
Resistance value RjContinue to judge if otherwise returning；
2) the resistance value R obtained according to step 1)j, calculate and store the resistance factor-beta of current power batteryj；
3) judge whether the resistance factor of storage reaches estimator N, if then entering step 4), if otherwise return to step
1)；
4) all resistance factor-betas of storage are calculatedjMinimum Mean Square Error, obtain lowest mean square resistance factor-beta；
5) attenuation degree assessed value ε is calculated according to obtained lowest mean square resistance factor-beta；
6) attenuation degree of electrokinetic cell is judged according to attenuation degree assessed value ε.
The resistance value R of the detection current time electrokinetic celljSpecially：
11) the magnitude of voltage u of current time electrokinetic cell is recordedj, current value ijWith temperature τj；
12) the magnitude of voltage u obtained according to step 11)j, current value ijWith temperature τj, obtained using method for parameter estimation recurrence
The resistance value R of current time electrokinetic cellj。
The method for parameter estimation includes Kalman filtering method and least square method.
The resistance factor-beta of the current power batteryjSpecially：
Wherein, τjFor the temperature of current time electrokinetic cell, R0Resistance value when starting for the electrokinetic cell life-span.
The lowest mean square resistance factor-beta is specially：
The span of the estimator N is 100~2000.
The attenuation degree assessed value ε is specially：
Wherein, β0Resistance factor values when starting for the electrokinetic cell life-span.
The step 6) is specially：
61) judge whether decay assessed value ε is more than end-of-life value CAL3, if then showing that electrokinetic cell is over the longevity
Life, if otherwise entering step 62)；
62) whether judge to decay assessed value ε more than limited power operation calibration value CAL2, if then showing at electrokinetic cell
In limited power running status, if otherwise entering step 63)；
63) judge whether decay assessed value ε is more than attenuation alarm value CAL1, if then showing that power has occurred for electrokinetic cell
Decay, if otherwise showing, electrokinetic cell has not occurred power attenuation, return to step 61).
The effective range includes electrokinetic cell and is in the interior resistance value R with electrokinetic cell of temperature thresholdjAt the time of corresponding
In time threshold.
The scope of the temperature threshold is 15~30 DEG C, and the scope of the time threshold is no more than 24 hours.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that：
(1) compared with judging the method for cell decay degree with direct comparison resistance value, this method is proposed with resistance factor-beta
It is used as the discrimination standard of attenuation degree, because resistance factor-beta is a temperature independent parameter in itself, therefore this method can
To be effectively reduced the influence of the measurement error of voltage x current and temperature.
(2) each resistance factor is calculated by the combination of resistance value and temperature, and multiple electricity to being calculated
Hinder the factor and carry out Minimum Mean Square Error calculating, the lowest mean square resistance factor on the one hand finally given is entered based on multiple measurement sets
Capable calculating, greatly reduces its dependence for the precision of temperature detection, on the other hand chooses Minimum Mean Square Error rather than is averaged
Value calculates the resistance factor, further increases the precision of the resistance factor.
(3) resistance factor values when being started according to the lowest mean square resistance factor with the electrokinetic cell life-span are compared to obtain decay journey
Spend assessed value so that the judgement for attenuation degree is simply direct, is easy to intuitively judge.
(4) it is provided with attenuation alarm value for decay assessed value, limited power runs calibration value and three marks of end-of-life value
Quasi- value, has a more detailed division for the attenuation degree of battery, is easy to user according to actual conditions to judge to be
The no replacing that carry out battery.
(5) resistance value detection just is carried out to electrokinetic cell in effective range, i.e., the temperature stabilization of battery is at 15~30 DEG C
Between, for time threshold in no more than 24 hours, such detection ensure that influence of the temperature for cell resistance value reaches most
It is small, and the working time of battery was no more than one day so that error reduces as far as possible caused by cell degradation.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is flow chart of the method for the present invention；
Fig. 2 is battery equivalent circuit figure；
Fig. 3 is power of battery decay factor with time and the change schematic diagram of usage degree；
Fig. 4 is conversion schematic diagram of the battery temperature with the time；
Fig. 5 is cell resistance estimate variation with temperature schematic diagram.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.The present embodiment is with technical solution of the present invention
Premised on implemented, give detailed embodiment and specific operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to
Following embodiments.
The equivalent circuit figure of battery is illustrated in figure 2, in general battery power process follows Arrehenius equations：It is i.e. warm
Degree is higher, and the electrochemical process in battery is faster, and corresponding resistance is also lower.No matter battery use is in which degree,
The relation of cell resistance and temperature is remained in an exponential relationship：
R=R0×eβ/τ (1)
Here, R0It is a constant, τ is battery temperature (unit：Kelvin), β is the decay factor of a decision resistance.
The decay of the power of battery, directly performance is exactly the increase of this decay factor.
Existing technical method, Fig. 2 or similar model are all based on, according to the port voltage of battery, by electric current, and
Module temperature, carry out model parameter estimation.Existing method, such as Kalman filter, least square method etc., it may serve to determine
Determine resistance R value.
From the statement of formula (1), it can be seen that the change of cell resistance is determined by resistance factor-beta.β is in itself
A temperature independent parameter.If it is possible to accurately, reliable on-line study β, then it is hereby achieved that battery is electric
The change of resistance, and then the degree of power of battery decay is determined, can more great than existing method raising precision and reliability.
Resistance factor-beta is not that significantly can be obtained by from the measurement of battery relevant parameter.Nevertheless, from battery
The measurement of electric current, voltage, and temperature, and predetermined battery model, we can on-line study accordingly to battery mould
The parameter of type.These parameters may not be too accurate, it is also possible to because battery input parameter (electric current) is to the incentive degree of battery,
It is not necessarily very reliable in learning value sometime.But if a series of learning values on resistance can be obtained, then,
In prolonged battery operation, the series of values of resistance can be arrived into the study of batch.
Without loss of generality, it is assumed that the R in formula (1)0It is known in BOL.During each use of battery (such as
Say, each time the Keyon/Keyoff route of vehicle), can by Kalman filter or other parameters learning method come
To a series of Ohmic resistance parameters：
In formula (2), RjIt is the resistance obtained by Kalman filter or other parameters learning method, R0It is
The stable constant value known, τjIt is that battery is learning RjWhen temperature value, and factor-beta is then us as obtaining, and reflection cell resistance is true
One temperature independent value of change：If formula (2) backwards calculation once, to some period (such as some
Keyon/keyoff route) have：
Final factor-beta can be drawn by Minimum Mean Square Error:
Factor-beta obtained as described above reflects value of the cell resistance in current Keyon/Keyoff journey times, still
This method is unrelated with specific detection temperature.Each specific temperature detection can have an impact to resistance estimation sometime,
But the dependence of the precision of temperature detection will greatly be lowered based on the estimation on factor-beta of multiple measurement sets.
Once the estimation on resistance in current Keyon/Keyoff route reaches certain quantity, corresponding factor-beta
It can be calculated with formula (4).On this basis, formula (4) to factor-beta calculate can and BOL batteries factor-beta0
Compare.Such fiducial value can be demarcated for the diagnostic value that the power of battery decays before battery comes into operation.Foundation
The one or more calibration value, battery management system can accurately provide the power of battery decay degree, and provide on
Battery is the decision that cannot be continuing with.
According to the above method, as shown in figure 1, a kind of detection method of power of battery attenuation degree is present embodiments provided,
Comprise the following steps that：
1) judge current time electrokinetic cell whether in the effective range (i.e. electrokinetic cell be in temperature threshold it is interior with it is dynamic
The resistance value R of power batteryjAt the time of corresponding in time threshold, in the present embodiment, electrokinetic cell is between 15~30 DEG C, and
The residing moment of electrokinetic cell resistance value is no more than 24 hours), if then detecting the resistance value R of current time electrokinetic celljIf
Otherwise return and continue to judge, wherein, the detailed process for detecting the resistance value of current time electrokinetic cell is：
11) the magnitude of voltage u of current time electrokinetic cell is recordedj, current value ijWith temperature τj；
12) the magnitude of voltage u obtained according to step 1)j, current value ijWith temperature τj, obtained using method for parameter estimation recurrence
The resistance value R of current time electrokinetic cellj；
2) the resistance value R obtained according to step 1)j, calculate and store the resistance factor-beta of current power batteryj, it is specially：
Wherein, τjFor the temperature of current time electrokinetic cell, R0Resistance value when starting for the electrokinetic cell life-span；
3) judge whether the resistance factor of storage reaches estimator N (100~2000), if then entering step 4), if not
Then return to step 1)；
4) all resistance factor-betas of storage are calculatedjMinimum Mean Square Error, obtain lowest mean square resistance factor-beta：
Wherein, N is the resistance factor-beta of the electrokinetic cell of storagejSum；
5) attenuation degree assessed value ε is calculated according to obtained lowest mean square resistance factor-beta, is specially：
Wherein, β0For electrokinetic cell receive a mandate start when resistance factor values；
6) attenuation degree of electrokinetic cell is judged according to attenuation degree assessed value ε：
61) judge whether decay assessed value ε is more than end-of-life value CAL3, if then showing that electrokinetic cell is over the longevity
Life, if otherwise entering step 52)；
62) whether judge to decay assessed value ε more than limited power operation calibration value CAL2, if then showing at electrokinetic cell
In limited power running status, if otherwise entering step 53)；
63) judge whether decay assessed value ε is more than attenuation alarm value CAL1, if then showing that power has occurred for electrokinetic cell
Decay, if otherwise showing, electrokinetic cell has not occurred power attenuation, return to step 51).
Detected according to the above method, obtain one group of template data, as seen in figures 3-5, it can be seen that with
One point or the average of multiple points are all difficult to change the weakness for directly using resistance value, consider that factor-beta can be solved extremely efficient
The certainly influence of the precision of temperature voltage current measurement and the estimation of Ohmic resistance.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of detection method of power of battery attenuation degree, for detecting the attenuation degree of electrokinetic cell in electric automobile, its
It is characterised by, methods described comprises the following steps：
1) current time electrokinetic cell is judged whether in effective range, if then detecting the resistance of current time electrokinetic cell
Value RjContinue to judge if otherwise returning；
2) the resistance value R obtained according to step 1)j, calculate and store the resistance factor-beta of current power batteryj, the current power
The resistance factor-beta of batteryjSpecially：
<mrow>
<msub>
<mi>&beta;</mi>
<mi>j</mi>
</msub>
<mo>=</mo>
<msub>
<mi>&tau;</mi>
<mi>j</mi>
</msub>
<mo>&times;</mo>
<mi>l</mi>
<mi>n</mi>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<mfrac>
<msub>
<mi>R</mi>
<mi>j</mi>
</msub>
<msub>
<mi>R</mi>
<mn>0</mn>
</msub>
</mfrac>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
Wherein, τjFor the temperature of current time electrokinetic cell, R0Resistance value when starting for the electrokinetic cell life-span；
3) judge whether the resistance factor of storage reaches estimator N, if then entering step 4), if otherwise return to step 1)；
4) all resistance factor-betas of storage are calculatedjMinimum Mean Square Error, obtain lowest mean square resistance factor-beta；
5) it is specific according to obtained lowest mean square resistance factor-beta calculating attenuation degree assessed value ε, the attenuation degree assessed value ε
For：
<mrow>
<mi>&epsiv;</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<mi>&beta;</mi>
<msub>
<mi>&beta;</mi>
<mn>0</mn>
</msub>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
Wherein, β0Resistance factor values when starting for the electrokinetic cell life-span；
6) attenuation degree of electrokinetic cell is judged according to attenuation degree assessed value ε.
2. the detection method of power of battery attenuation degree according to claim 1, it is characterised in that it is described detection it is current when
Carve the resistance value R of electrokinetic celljSpecially：
11) the magnitude of voltage u of current time electrokinetic cell is recordedj, current value ijWith temperature τj；
12) the magnitude of voltage u obtained according to step 11)j, current value ijWith temperature τj, obtained currently using method for parameter estimation recurrence
The resistance value R of moment electrokinetic cellj。
3. the detection method of power of battery attenuation degree according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the parameter Estimation side
Method includes Kalman filtering method and least square method.
4. the detection method of power of battery attenuation degree according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the lowest mean square electricity
Hindering factor-beta is specially：
<mrow>
<mi>&beta;</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msqrt>
<mrow>
<mfrac>
<mn>1</mn>
<mi>N</mi>
</mfrac>
<mo>&times;</mo>
<mrow>
<mo>(</mo>
<munderover>
<mo>&Sigma;</mo>
<mrow>
<mi>j</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mn>1</mn>
</mrow>
<mi>N</mi>
</munderover>
<msubsup>
<mi>&beta;</mi>
<mi>j</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</msubsup>
<mo>)</mo>
</mrow>
</mrow>
</msqrt>
<mo>.</mo>
</mrow>
5. the detection method of power of battery attenuation degree according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the estimator N's
Span is 100~2000.
6. the detection method of power of battery attenuation degree according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step 6) is specific
For：
61) judge whether decay assessed value ε is more than end-of-life value CAL3, if then showing that electrokinetic cell is over the life-span,
If otherwise enter step 62)；
62) whether the assessed value ε of judging to decay is more than limited power operation calibration value CAL2, if then showing that electrokinetic cell is in and had
Power operating states are limited, if otherwise entering step 63)；
63) judge whether decay assessed value ε is more than attenuation alarm value CAL1, if then showing that electrokinetic cell has occurred power and declined
Subtract, if otherwise showing, electrokinetic cell has not occurred power attenuation, return to step 61).
7. the detection method of power of battery attenuation degree according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the effective range bag
Electrokinetic cell is included to be in temperature threshold at the time of correspondence with electrokinetic cell in time threshold.
8. the detection method of power of battery attenuation degree according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the temperature threshold
Scope is 15~30 DEG C, and the scope of the time threshold is no more than 24 hours.
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| CN106199443A (en) * | 2016-07-05 | 2016-12-07 | 常州工学院 | A kind of lithium battery degeneration discrimination method and degeneration warning system |
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| JP2010139260A (en) * | 2008-12-09 | 2010-06-24 | Hitachi Ltd | System of estimating remaining life of secondary battery and method for estimating remaining life thereof |
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| CN103698716A (en) * | 2014-01-20 | 2014-04-02 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Attenuation coefficient-based method for evaluating dischargeable electric quantity of series battery pack |
| CN104714188A (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2015-06-17 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Method and system for estimating measured noise variance matrix matched battery state of charge (SOC) |
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