CN114323842B - Rusty metal cultural relic simulation sample and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Rusty metal cultural relic simulation sample and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114323842B CN114323842B CN202111528414.8A CN202111528414A CN114323842B CN 114323842 B CN114323842 B CN 114323842B CN 202111528414 A CN202111528414 A CN 202111528414A CN 114323842 B CN114323842 B CN 114323842B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a rusty metal cultural relic simulation sample and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the method comprises the following steps: s1, selecting a metal matrix and corrosion raw material powder; s2, placing the processed metal matrix and the rusty raw material powder into a die body for pressing to obtain a simulation sample; s3, partially sealing the non-working face of the simulation sample; and S4, drying and storing the processed simulation sample. The manufacturing method can quantitatively prepare the rusted metal simulation sample with the similar component structure to the cultural relic, has the advantages of high speed, high efficiency, good parallelism, quantitative setting of parameters such as the components or types of the rust layer, the thickness of the rust layer, the structure of the rust layer and the like, and has the advantages of high similarity and good parallelism between the simulation sample prepared by the method and the cultural relic and stable solution soaking.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cultural relic protection, in particular to a rusty metal cultural relic simulation sample and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
Bronze wares are one of the most common types of movable cultural relics. The surface of the unearthed bronze ware is covered with a rust layer with diversified structural components, which becomes an integral part of the bronze ware. The protection of the bronze ware needs to take into account the influence of the rust layer on various treatment means. Because the bronze ware is valuable and non-renewable, and the physical and chemical states of the naturally corroded rust layers are different, a simulation sample is used in the research. At present, the problems of thin rust layer, poor parallelism, long manufacturing time, large difference between the rust layer and real cultural relics and the like exist in common simulation sample preparation methods such as a chemical method and an electrochemical method. Therefore, the methods have certain limitations and bring difficulty to the research and development of the cultural relic protection technology.
The rusty metal cultural relic simulation sample is crucial to the research, development and evaluation of bronze cultural relic protection technology, but at present, a simulation method for quantitatively preparing a bronze cultural relic sample containing a rust layer does not exist, and a quick and efficient rusty metal cultural relic sample preparation method needs to be established.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rusty metal cultural relic simulation sample and a manufacturing method thereof, which are used for overcoming the defects in the prior art.
The above technical object of the present invention will be achieved by the following technical solutions.
A manufacturing method of a rusty metal cultural relic simulation sample comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a metal matrix and corrosion raw material powder;
s2, placing the treated metal matrix and the rust raw material powder into a die body for pressing to obtain a simulation sample;
s3, partially sealing the non-working face of the simulation sample;
and S4, drying and storing the processed simulation sample.
The above-described aspects and any possible implementations further provide an implementation in which the metal comprises pure copper or bronze.
The above aspect and any possible implementation manner further provide an implementation manner, where the pure copper or bronze includes the following components by mass percent: tin: 0-20 wt.%, lead: 0-20 wt.%, copper: 0 to 99.9 wt.%.
The above-mentioned aspect and any possible implementation manner further provide an implementation manner, where the processed metal matrix of S2 includes: polishing the pure copper or bronze sheet to 2000-4000 meshes step by step from 400-600 meshes by using sand paper to remove a surface oxide layer of the pure copper or bronze sheet; after polishing, carrying out roughening treatment on the pure copper or bronze sheet by using 80-200-mesh sand paper to form staggered scratches on the surface; then acetone is adopted for degreasing, deionized water is adopted for cleaning and blow-drying for standby.
The above aspects and any possible implementations further provide an implementation in which the tarnish feedstock powder includes one or more of cuprous chloride, cuprous oxide, cupric oxide, basic cupric carbonate, basic cupric chloride, basic cupric sulfate, stannic oxide, lead carbonate, and lead sulfate.
The above aspect and any possible implementation manner further provide an implementation manner, where, in s2, the processed metal matrix and the rusting raw material powder are placed in a mold body to be pressed, so as to obtain a simulation sample, where the simulation sample includes: placing the treated pure copper or bronze sheet into a mold body, then pouring the corrosion raw material powder, flattening the corrosion raw material powder, spraying, wetting and compacting; and pressing the mould body by adopting a certain pressure, demoulding after pressing, taking out and drying to obtain the simulation sample.
In accordance with the above aspect and any possible implementation manner, there is further provided an implementation manner, wherein two thin plastic sheets are further placed in the mold body, so as to facilitate demolding.
The above aspects and any possible implementations further provide an implementation in which an anti-corrosion coating is applied to an inner surface of the mold body.
The above aspect and any possible implementation further provides an implementation, further comprising laying, flattening, and spray-wetting each of the raw material powders in layers according to a kind of the raw material powders required for the corrosion.
The invention also provides a rusty metal cultural relic simulation sample which is obtained by the manufacturing method.
The invention has the beneficial technical effects
The invention provides a method for manufacturing a rusty metal cultural relic simulation sample, which comprises the following steps of: s1, selecting a metal matrix and rust raw material powder; s2, placing the treated metal matrix and the rust raw material powder into a die body for pressing to obtain a simulation sample; s3, partially sealing the non-working face of the simulation sample; and S4, drying and storing the processed simulation sample. The manufacturing method can quantitatively prepare the rusted metal simulation sample with the similar component structure to the cultural relic, has the advantages of high speed, high efficiency, good parallelism, quantitative setting of parameters such as the components or types of the rust layer, the thickness of the rust layer, the structure of the rust layer and the like, and has the advantages of high similarity and good parallelism between the simulation sample prepared by the method and the cultural relic and stable solution soaking.
Drawings
Embodiments of the invention are described in detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a manufacturing method in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a mold body according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a simulated sample in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing a structure of a simulation sample in example 1 of the present invention.
The reference numbers in the figures are as follows: 1, a lower die; 2, a lower module; 3, mounting a module; 4, mounting a mold; 5, plastic sheets; 6, simulating a sample working surface; 7, a rust layer; 8, a copper matrix; 9, basic copper carbonate layer; 10, a cuprous oxide layer; 11, a cuprous chloride layer; 12, pure copper matrix.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages to be solved by the present invention clearer, the following detailed description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a method for manufacturing a simulated sample of a rusted metal cultural relic, which includes the following steps: s1, selecting a metal matrix and corrosion raw material powder; s2, placing the treated metal matrix and the rust raw material powder into a die body for pressing to obtain a simulation sample; s3, partially sealing the non-working face of the simulation sample; and S4, drying and storing the processed simulation sample.
Specifically, the metal of the present invention is pure copper or bronze, wherein the manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
a method for manufacturing a bronze cultural relic simulation sample with rust comprises the following steps:
(1) pure copper or bronze is used as the matrix. And polishing the pure copper or bronze sheet to 2000-4000 meshes step by step from 400-600 meshes by using sand paper to remove the surface oxide layer. After polishing, carrying out roughening treatment on the pure copper or bronze sheet by using 80-200-mesh sand paper, so that staggered scratches are formed on the surface of the bronze sheet, and the adhesive force between the rust powder and the surface of the matrix is increased. Degreasing with acetone, washing with deionized water, blow-drying for later use, and removing dirt.
Preferably, when pure copper or bronze is adopted, the pure copper or bronze comprises the following components in percentage by mass: tin: 0-20 wt.%, lead: 0-20 wt.%, copper: 0-99.9 wt. -%)
(2) The method comprises the steps of purchasing medicine powder of a commercially available solid rust product as a raw material, and selecting a required rust layer component for later use.
Preferably, the solid corrosion product medicine powder in the present invention includes one or more of cuprous chloride, cuprous oxide, cupric oxide, basic copper carbonate, basic copper chloride, basic copper sulfate, tin dioxide, lead carbonate and lead sulfate, and the kind of the solid corrosion product medicine powder is selected according to the requirement of the simulation sample to be made.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 2, the invention selects a mold body to make a simulation sample, the mold body comprises a lower mold 1, a lower mold 2, an upper mold 3, an upper mold 4 and two thin plastic sheets 5; wherein the lower module 2 is placed on the lower die 1, a workpiece to be machined is placed between the lower module 2 and the upper module 3, and the upper die 4 is arranged above the upper module 3. And (3) placing the pure copper or bronze sheet to be used after the treatment of the step (1) in a mould body to complete the manufacturing process.
Preferably, part of the corrosion product medicine powder is corrosive to the mold body, and a thin polymer coating can be coated on the inner surface of the mold body to prevent the mold body from being damaged.
(3) And (2) placing the pure copper or bronze sheet dried for standby in the step (1) into a lower module 2 of a lower die 1, then pouring solid rust product medicine powder of the innermost rust layer, flattening the powder, and wetting the powder by using a mist spray can, wherein the flattening is to ensure that the rust layer is flat and the stress is uniform, and the wetting is to promote the powder adhesion by using water. Wherein, the wetting and water spraying times of the mist-shaped spraying pot is 2-6 times, and the powder is just fully wetted.
Preferably, a thin plastic sheet 5 is placed on top of the lower module 2 to facilitate demolding.
(4) Pouring another rust layer solid rust product medicine powder, flattening the powder, wetting the powder by using a mist spray can, wherein the step is operated when more than one rust layer is required, if a plurality of rust layers are required, parameters such as components, thickness, rust layer structure and the like can be quantitatively designed according to the number of the rust layers, and then paving is carried out according to the sequence, wherein the step is not a necessary step.
(5) After the solid rust product medicine powder of the uppermost rust layer is sprayed, another thin plastic sheet 5 is placed on the solid rust product medicine powder of the uppermost rust layer, and finally, the solid rust product medicine powder of the uppermost rust layer is compacted by an upper module 3.
(6) The upper die block 3 is compacted to uniformly stress the corrosion product medicine powder, and finally the upper die block 4 is placed to well assemble the whole die block and prepare for pressurization.
(7) And pressing the whole die body by using a powder tablet press under the pressure of 3-8 t, pressing the powder, wherein t represents ton, demolding after pressing, taking out to obtain a simulation sample, putting the simulation sample into a drying box, and taking out after drying, wherein the preliminarily prepared simulation sample comprises a working surface 6, a rust layer 7, a copper matrix 8 and a non-working surface (not shown in the figure) as shown in figure 3.
The periphery of a certain area of the cultural relic is closed, and only the rusty outer layer is exposed outside, so that the rusty outermost layer of the simulation sample is selected as a working surface, correspondingly, the non-working surface of the simulation sample is closed by organic silica gel, only the working surface of the simulation sample is reserved, the closed simulation sample is solidified and then is placed into a dryer, the moisture in the rusty layer of the working surface is slowly evaporated, and finally the final simulation sample is obtained.
Preferably, a lead can be welded on the back surface of the prepared simulation sample, the front surface is a working surface, and the lead is welded on the back surface, so that the electrochemical test can be conveniently carried out and the simulation sample can be used as an electrochemical sample.
The simulation sample manufactured by the manufacturing method has good parallelism, stability and reproducibility, is highly similar to a real cultural relic structure sample, and can be quantitatively manufactured according to the requirement of a rust layer.
As shown in fig. 4, the simulated sample cross-sectional structure includes: basic copper carbonate layer, cuprous oxide layer, cuprous chloride layer, copper matrix. The matrix and the rust layer are tightly combined, and a small amount of microcracks exist in the cuprous oxide layer. The area ratio of each rust layer is S Basic copper carbonate ＝40.0％，S Cuprous oxide ＝24.7％，S Cuprous chloride ＝35.3％。
Example 1
99.9 wt% pure copper sheet of 20mm by 3mm was used as the metal substrate. The pure copper sheet was polished from 600 mesh to 2000 mesh with sandpaper to remove the oxide layer on the metal surface. After polishing, the copper sheet is roughened by using 80-mesh sand paper, so that 90-degree staggered scratches are formed on the surface of the copper sheet. Degreasing with acetone, washing with deionized water and blow-drying for later use.
1g of cuprous chloride, cuprous oxide and basic copper carbonate powder with the purity of 99.9 percent are weighed respectively.
The inner surface of the mould body is coated with alpha-ethyl cyanoacrylate to prevent the mould body from being damaged.
A thin plastic sheet of 20mm x 3mm is placed on the top of the lower module 2 of the lower die 1, facilitating demoulding.
The pure copper sheet was placed on a thin plastic sheet. Cuprous chloride rust layer powder was then poured, the powder was pressed flat, and water was sprayed 3 times onto the flat powder surface using a mist spray can.
Cuprous oxide powder was poured in, the powder was pressed flat, and water was sprayed 4 times onto the flat powder surface using a mist spray can.
Pouring basic copper carbonate powder, flattening the powder, and spraying water to the flat powder surface for 3 times by using a mist spraying kettle.
Another 20mm x 3mm thin plastic sheet is placed and compacted with the upper die block 3 on top of the uppermost layer of powder.
Closing the upper die 4, closing the whole die body, and preparing for pressurization.
And pressing the whole die body for 10min by using a powder tablet press under the pressure of 4t, demolding after pressing, taking out, drying in a constant-temperature drying oven at 50 ℃ for 30min, and taking out to obtain a simulated sample.
And (3) sealing the non-working surface of the simulation sample by using organic silica gel, and placing the simulation sample into a dryer after the simulation sample is solidified to obtain the prepared simulation sample.
And soldering pure copper wires on the back of the simulation sample by using soldering tin to be used as an electrochemical sample.
Example 2
The bronze sheet with 20mm multiplied by 3mm of Sn 10 wt.%, Pb 5 wt.%, and the rest copper is used as the metal matrix. And (3) polishing the bronze sheet from 600 meshes to 2000 meshes by using sand paper to remove the oxide layer on the metal surface. After polishing, the copper sheet is roughened by using 80-mesh sand paper, so that 90-degree staggered scratches are formed on the surface of the copper sheet. Degreasing with acetone, washing with deionized water and blow-drying for later use.
1g of cuprous chloride, cuprous oxide and basic copper chloride powder with the purity of 99.9 percent are weighed respectively.
The inner surface of the mould body is coated with alpha-ethyl cyanoacrylate to prevent the mould body from being damaged.
A thin plastic sheet of 20mm x 3mm is placed at the bottom of the lower module 2 of the lower die 1, facilitating demoulding.
And placing the bronze sheet on the thin plastic sheet. Cuprous chloride rust layer powder was then poured, the powder was pressed flat, and water was sprayed 3 times onto the flat powder surface using a mist spray can.
Cuprous oxide powder was poured in, the powder was pressed flat, and water was sprayed 4 times onto the flat powder surface using a mist spray can.
Pouring basic copper chloride powder, flattening the powder, and spraying water to the flat powder surface for 3 times by using a mist spraying kettle.
Another 20mm by 3mm thin plastic sheet was placed. The powder is compacted with the upper die block 3.
The upper die 4 is closed, the whole die body is closed, and pressurization is prepared.
And pressing the whole die body for 10min by using a powder tablet press under the pressure of 4t, demolding and taking out after pressing, putting into a drying oven for drying at 40 ℃ for 30min, and taking out to obtain a simulated sample.
And (3) sealing the non-working surface of the simulation sample by using organic silica gel, and placing the simulation sample into a dryer after the simulation sample is solidified to obtain the prepared simulation sample.
Example 3
99.9 wt% pure copper sheet of 20mm by 3mm was used as the metal substrate. The pure copper sheet was polished from 600 mesh to 2000 mesh with sandpaper to remove the oxide layer on the metal surface. After polishing, the copper sheet is roughened by using 80-mesh sand paper, so that 90-degree staggered scratches are formed on the surface of the copper sheet. Degreasing with acetone, washing with deionized water and blow-drying for later use.
1g of cuprous chloride powder with the purity of 99.9 percent is weighed.
The inner surface of the mould body is coated with alpha-cyano ethyl acrylate to prevent the mould from being damaged.
A thin plastic sheet of 20mm x 3mm is placed at the bottom of the lower module 2 of the lower die 1, facilitating demoulding.
Placing the pure copper sheet on a thin plastic sheet, then pouring cuprous chloride powder, flattening the powder, and spraying water to the flat powder surface for 3 times by using a mist spray can.
Another 20mm by 3mm thin plastic sheet was placed. The powder is compacted with the upper die block 3.
The upper die 4 is closed, the whole die body is closed, and pressurization is prepared.
And pressing the whole die body for 5min by using a powder tablet press under the pressure of 3t, demolding after pressing, taking out, drying in a drying oven at 30 ℃ for 15min, and taking out to obtain a simulated sample.
And (3) sealing the non-working surface of the simulation sample by using organic silica gel, and placing the simulation sample into a dryer after the simulation sample is solidified to finally obtain the prepared simulation sample.
The foregoing description shows and describes several preferred embodiments of the present invention, but as aforementioned, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the forms disclosed herein, and is not to be construed as excluding other embodiments, and that the invention is capable of use in various other combinations, modifications, and environments and is capable of changes within the scope of the invention as expressed in the above teachings or the skill or knowledge of the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A manufacturing method of a rusty metal cultural relic simulation sample is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, selecting a metal matrix and rust raw material powder, wherein the metal comprises pure copper or bronze;
s2, placing the treated metal matrix and the rust raw material powder into a die body for pressing to obtain a simulation sample, wherein the die body comprises a lower die, a lower module, an upper module and an upper die; wherein the lower module is arranged on the lower die, a workpiece to be processed is arranged between the lower module and the upper module, the upper die is arranged above the upper module,
the method specifically comprises the following steps: placing a thin plastic sheet on the top of the lower module, placing pure copper or bronze sheet to be dried on the lower module, pouring solid rust raw material powder of an innermost rust layer, flattening the powder, and wetting the powder by using a fog-like spray can;
pouring another rust layer solid rust raw material powder, flattening the powder, and wetting the powder by using a mist spray can, wherein the step is carried out when more than one layer of rust layer is required;
after the solid rust raw material powder of the uppermost rust layer is subjected to spray treatment, placing another thin plastic sheet on the solid rust raw material powder of the uppermost rust layer, and finally compacting the solid rust raw material powder of the uppermost rust layer by using an upper module;
putting an upper die, combining the whole die body, and preparing for pressurization; pressing the mould body by adopting a certain pressure, demoulding after pressing, taking out and drying to obtain the simulation sample;
s3, partially sealing the non-working face of the simulation sample;
s4, drying and storing the processed simulation sample;
the metal substrate treated in S2 includes: polishing the pure copper or bronze sheet to 2000-4000 meshes step by step from 400-600 meshes by using sand paper to remove a surface oxide layer of the pure copper or bronze sheet; after polishing, carrying out roughening treatment on the pure copper or bronze sheet by using 80-200-mesh sand paper to form staggered scratches on the surface; then acetone is adopted for degreasing, deionized water is adopted for cleaning and blow-drying for standby.
2. The method for making the simulated sample of the rusted metal cultural relics, which is claimed in claim 1, wherein the rusting raw material powder comprises one or more of cuprous chloride, cuprous oxide, cupric oxide, basic cupric carbonate, basic cupric chloride, basic cupric sulfate, stannic oxide, lead carbonate and lead sulfate.
3. The method for producing a simulated sample of rusted metal cultural relics, according to claim 1, wherein an anti-corrosion coating is coated on the inner surface of the mold body.
4. The method for manufacturing the rusted metal cultural relic simulation sample according to the claim 1, which is characterized in that each kind of the rusted raw material powder is laid in layers, flattened and sprayed for wetting treatment according to the kind of the required rusted raw material powder.
5. A simulated sample of rusted metal cultural relics, which is obtained by the manufacturing method of any one of claims 1 to 4.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| DE19809904A1 (en) * | 1998-03-07 | 1999-09-09 | Km Europa Metal Ag | Process and reaction solution to create a patina |
| FI120048B (en) * | 2004-09-29 | 2009-06-15 | Luvata Espoo Oy | A method of making a multilayer patina and a multilayer patina |
| CN101249564B (en) * | 2008-03-26 | 2010-12-22 | 浙江中平粉末冶金有限公司 | Powder metallurgy technique |
| CN102268666A (en) * | 2011-07-21 | 2011-12-07 | 洛阳粤钰青铜器有限公司 | Rusting solution and method for forming green rust on surface of bronze ware |
| CN104568638B (en) * | 2013-10-10 | 2017-08-11 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | Method and device for testing binding performance of rusty layer with steel sample and substrate |
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