CN114323140A - System and method for detecting pile length and integrity of precast tubular pile - Google Patents
System and method for detecting pile length and integrity of precast tubular pile Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a system and a method for detecting the length and integrity of a precast tubular pile, wherein the system comprises the following components: the device comprises an excitation tool, excitation points, a signal pickup device and a detection host, wherein the excitation points and the signal pickup device are respectively provided with a plurality of excitation points and a plurality of signal pickup devices, the excitation points and the signal pickup devices are arranged on the top of a precast tubular pile and are positioned at the intersection of the diameter direction of the tubular pile and a central circular line of the wall thickness of the tubular pile, and the excitation points and the signal pickup devices are respectively symmetrically arranged along the diameter of the tubular pile; the signal pickup device is connected with the detection host through a signal cable, and the excitation tool is used for applying an excitation signal to an excitation point. The invention fully combines the structural characteristics of the tubular pile, reduces the influence of the connecting part of the tubular pile on the test signal, realizes the effective extraction of the defects of the pile body of the tubular pile and the bottom reflection signal, breaks through the technical bottleneck that the low-strain detection technology is not suitable for detecting the hollow thin-wall structure, and realizes the detection of the pile length and the integrity of the pile body of the prestressed tubular pile.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of precast tubular pile detection, in particular to a precast tubular pile length and integrity detection system and method.
Background
At present, according to the standard 'road engineering foundation pile detection technical regulation' (JTG/T3512-2020), the integrity of the pile body of the tubular pile can be detected by adopting a low-strain method, and in practical engineering application, a pile top excitation signal is constrained by the welding quality and the outer wall of the inner wall and the joint of the tubular pile, so that signal interference is caused, the integrity of the pile body and the position of the pile bottom are difficult to identify, and the detection precision is difficult to guarantee. In addition, when the prefabricated pipe pile is constructed, 1-4 prefabricated piles are generally welded or spliced, when the low-strain method is used for detection, signals are affected by gaps at welding seams or seams, most of the signal energy after the pile top is excited is reflected at the gaps, only a small part of the signal energy is transmitted downwards, and after the signals are reflected by a plurality of interfaces, a sensor arranged on the pile top cannot acquire effective pile bottom reflection signals, so that the defects of the pile length and the pile body cannot be analyzed and determined.
Through the on-site practical application of the low strain method, the detection effect on the prestressed pipe pile is not ideal, and the detection effect is mainly reflected in that: 1) the prestressed pipe pile is of a hollow structure, and a vibration signal generated by excitation of the pile top influences the pickup of an echo signal of the pile bottom/pile body; 2) interference of reflected signals of impedance difference interfaces of connecting parts among the prefabricated sections on reflected signals of pile bottoms/pile bodies is avoided. Therefore, it is difficult to accurately detect the quality of the precast tubular pile by using the low strain method.
For pile length detection, researchers in the industry have conducted a great deal of research and have reported a few practical applications. The main detection methods are a sound wave transmission method, a magnetic measurement method, a side hole transmission method and the like. The testing principle of the sound wave transmission method is consistent with the principle of detecting the integrity of the pile body of the cast-in-situ bored pile by an ultrasonic method, holes need to be drilled inside and outside the tubular pile, as shown in fig. 1a and 1b, the maximum hole depth needs to be larger than the estimated length of the tubular pile by 3-5 m, and the tubular pile is placed into a sound detection tube. During detection, when ultrasonic waves penetrate through a mud layer medium at the bottom of a pile, the difference between the acoustic performance of the pile body of the prestressed pipe pile and the acoustic performance of rock soil around the pile is large, the acoustic parameter characteristic value of sound waves is weakened, the sound is increased when the sound is generated, the wave speed is reduced, and meanwhile, the wave train diagram is obviously changed. The sound wave transmission method is to judge the position of the pile bottom according to the acoustic parameters and the position of the change of the wave train diagram, and provides reliable theoretical support for judging the pile length. Magnetic measurement method: the tubular pile is free from the influence of other ferromagnetic objects, and the length of the tubular pile is estimated by measuring the change position of the earth magnetic field at the bottom of the tubular pile. Side-hole transmission method: the side-hole transmission method is to strike the pile top surface with a hand hammer (or a force bar) in the vertical direction to generate a stress wave, and the stress wave propagates downwards along the pile body, as shown in fig. 2, the stress wave is transmitted when meeting the surrounding soil layer, a sensor is placed in a hole drilled in advance beside the pile to receive a transmission wave signal, and therefore waves of different depths are read and a time-depth relation graph is drawn. When the sensor is lower than the pile bottom, the sound speed will change, an inflection point is displayed on the time-depth map, and the length of the pile is deduced from the position of the change of the slope of the straight line in the map.
The existing methods for detecting the length of the tubular pile need to drill holes near the tubular pile in advance, and a probe is placed in the holes, so that under the condition of meeting the conditions, the detection precision is high, but the detection preparation work is troublesome, but for a soft soil foundation, the difficulty of hole forming is high after drilling, and the tubular pile is mainly applied to the soft soil foundation, so the methods are rarely used for actual engineering detection. Based on the defects of the existing pipe pile length and integrity detection method and the large demand of the inner pipe pile detection in the industry, the research of the detection system and the method for strengthening the length and the integrity of the prefabricated pipe pile has important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a system and a method for detecting the length and integrity of a precast tubular pile, which fully combine the structural characteristics of the tubular pile, reduce the signal influence of a tubular pile joint part, realize the effective extraction of the defects of a tubular pile body and a bottom reflection signal, break through the technical bottleneck that a low-strain detection technology is not suitable for detecting a hollow thin-wall structure, and realize the detection of the length and integrity of the prestressed tubular pile body.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
a precast tubular pile length and integrity detection system comprises an excitation tool, excitation points, signal pickup devices and a detection host, wherein the excitation points and the signal pickup devices are respectively provided with a plurality of excitation points and a plurality of signal pickup devices which are arranged on the top of a precast tubular pile and are positioned at the intersection of the diameter direction of the tubular pile and a central circular line of the wall thickness of the tubular pile, and the excitation points and the signal pickup devices are respectively and symmetrically arranged along the diameter of the tubular pile; the signal pickup device is connected with the detection host through a signal cable, and the excitation tool is used for applying an excitation signal to the excitation point.
Further, the signal pickup device is a damping sensor.
Further, the signal pickup device is coupled to the pile top of the precast tubular pile, and coupling agents including but not limited to butter, toothpaste or vaseline are used.
Further, the vibration exciting tool is a vibration exciting hammer, and the detection host is a machine with a calculation and analysis function.
Furthermore, the excitation points and the signal pickup devices are respectively provided with 2, the 2 signal pickup devices are positioned at two points where the circular lines in the diameter and the wall thickness of the tubular pile intersect, and the 2 excitation points are positioned at two points where the diameter of the tubular pile perpendicular to the connecting line between the two signal pickup devices and the circular lines in the wall thickness of the tubular pile intersect.
The invention also provides a method for detecting the length and integrity of the precast tubular pile, which is applied to the system for detecting the length and integrity of the precast tubular pile and comprises the following steps:
s1, coating a proper amount of coupling agent on the pile top of the polished precast tubular pile;
s2, mounting two signal pickup devices on the pile top of the prefabricated pipe pile in a coupling manner, locating at two points where the diameter of the pipe pile intersects with the circular line in the wall thickness of the pipe pile, and forming two excitation points at the intersection of the diameter of the pipe pile perpendicular to the connecting line between the two signal pickup devices and the circular line in the wall thickness of the pipe pile;
s3, applying an excitation signal to the excitation point by an excitation tool, collecting a reflection signal by the two signal pickup devices, and transmitting the reflection signal to a detection host through a signal cable;
s4, the detection host machine performs band-pass filtering, integration processing and signal area enhancement processing on the reflection signal; when the phase of the reflected signal is the same as that of the oscillation starting signal and the reflection amplitude is 2 times of that of the previous waveform, determining a pile bottom reflected signal, and determining the pile length and the defect reflection position by adopting a waveform identification method;
and S5, performing statistical processing on the analysis result and storing the result.
Further, in step S4, determining the pile length and the defect reflection position by using a waveform identification method specifically includes:
the pile length is obtained according to the following formula:
L＝V×(T/2)
v is the propagation speed of an elastic wave signal in the tubular pile, and T is the reflection time of the bottom of the tubular pile;
the defect reflection position is obtained according to the following formula:
L1＝V×(T2-T1)/2
wherein L is1Indicating the distance from the defect position to the pile top; t is1Indicating the start-up time, T, of the excitation2The representation represents the defect reflection time including the oscillation starting time.
Further, the step S4 further includes:
and after the pile bottom reflection signal is determined, analyzing the phase condition between the pile top and the pile bottom reflection signal, and when the signal phase is compared with the previous waveform, the peak amplitude of the reflection signal is more than 1.5 times of that of the previous waveform but lower than that of the pile bottom reflection signal, and the phase is the same as the pile top oscillation starting phase, then the reflection point is the defect position of the pile body.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects: the invention provides a system and a method for detecting the length and the integrity of a precast tubular pile.A special vibration hammer is adopted to perform vibration excitation at a vibration excitation point of a wall thickness center line of the tubular pile, which is at the same distance from two damping sensors, an elastic wave signal generated by the vibration excitation is transmitted to the bottom of the tubular pile along the axial direction of the tubular pile and is reflected, the damping sensors sense a reflection signal transmitted from the bottom direction of the tubular pile and convert the reflection signal into a charge signal, the charge signal is transmitted to a detection host machine through a signal cable, and the detection host machine identifies and converts the charge signal into a signal which can be identified and recorded and displays and analyzes the signal on the detection host machine; after the method processes a test signal, when a reflected signal is the same as a vibration starting signal in phase and a reflection amplitude is obviously enhanced, the method judges that the reflected signal is a pile bottom reflected signal, determines a reflection position and a pile length according to a reflection point, analyzes the phase condition between a pile top and the pile bottom reflected signal after the pile bottom reflected signal is determined, and when the signal phase is compared with a previous waveform, the signal phase is obviously enhanced but is lower than the pile bottom reflected signal amplitude and is the same as a pile top first wave signal phase, the position is a defect of a pile body; the invention provides a detection system and detection method steps, and realizes the quick, simple, convenient and accurate detection of the length and integrity of the prefabricated pipe pile.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1a is a top view of a prior art acoustic transmission method for detecting the length of a tubular pile;
FIG. 1b is a side view of a prior art acoustic transmission method for detecting the length of a tubular pile;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the prior art of detecting the length of a pipe pile by side-hole transmission;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a precast tubular pile length and integrity detection system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a flowchart of a method for detecting the length and integrity of a precast tubular pile according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of signal propagation along a precast tubular pile according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a detection waveform analysis interface according to an embodiment of the present invention;
reference numerals: 1. prefabricating a tubular pile; 2. a first excitation point; 3. a second excitation point; 4. a signal pickup device; 5. a signal cable; 6. and detecting the host.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a system and a method for detecting the length and integrity of a precast tubular pile, which fully combine the structural characteristics of the tubular pile, reduce the signal influence of a tubular pile joint part, realize the effective extraction of the defects of a tubular pile body and a bottom reflection signal, break through the technical bottleneck that a low-strain detection technology is not suitable for detecting a hollow thin-wall structure, and realize the detection of the length and integrity of the prestressed tubular pile body.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
As shown in fig. 3, the system for detecting the length and integrity of the precast tubular pile provided by the invention comprises an excitation tool, excitation points, signal pickup devices 4 and a detection host 6, wherein the excitation points and the signal pickup devices 4 are provided with a plurality of excitation points and a plurality of signal pickup devices 4 which are arranged on the top of the precast tubular pile 1 and located at the intersection of the diameter direction of the tubular pile and the central circular line of the wall thickness of the tubular pile, and the excitation points and the signal pickup devices 4 are respectively arranged along the diameter of the tubular pile in a pairwise symmetrical manner; the signal pickup device 4 is electrically connected with the detection host 6 through a signal cable 5, and the excitation tool is used for applying an excitation signal to the excitation point.
The signal pick-up device 4 is a damping sensor. The signal pickup device 4 is coupled on the pile top of the precast tubular pile 1, and coupling agents adopted include, but are not limited to, butter, toothpaste or vaseline.
The vibration exciting tool is a vibration exciting hammer, and the detection host 6 is a machine with a calculation and analysis function and is used for realizing signal acquisition, display, storage and analysis.
The excitation points and the signal pickup devices 4 are respectively provided with 2, the 2 signal pickup devices 4 are positioned on two points where the circular lines in the diameter and the wall thickness of the tubular pile intersect, and the 2 excitation points are positioned on two points where the diameter of the tubular pile perpendicular to the connecting line between the two signal pickup devices and the circular lines in the wall thickness of the tubular pile intersect. The 2 excitation points are respectively a first excitation point 2 and a second excitation point 3. The interval between the two signal pickup devices 4 is the diameter of the central circle of the wall thickness of the precast tubular pile.
As shown in fig. 4, the present invention further provides a method for detecting the length and integrity of a precast tubular pile, which is applied to the system for detecting the length and integrity of a precast tubular pile, and comprises the following steps:
s1, coating a proper amount of coupling agent on the pile top of the polished precast tubular pile;
s2, mounting two signal pickup devices on the pile top of the prefabricated pipe pile in a coupling manner, locating at two points where the diameter of the pipe pile intersects with the central loop line of the wall thickness of the pipe pile, and intersecting the diameter of the pipe pile perpendicular to the connecting line between the two signal pickup devices with the central loop line of the wall thickness of the pipe pile to form two excitation points;
s3, applying an excitation signal to the excitation point by an excitation tool, collecting a reflection signal by the two signal pickup devices, and transmitting the reflection signal to a detection host through a signal cable;
s4, the detection host machine performs band-pass filtering, integration processing and signal area enhancement processing on the reflection signal; when the phase of the reflected signal is the same as that of the oscillation starting signal and the reflection amplitude is 2 times of that of the previous waveform, determining a pile bottom reflected signal, and determining the pile length and the defect reflection position by adopting a waveform identification method;
and S5, performing statistical processing on the analysis result and storing the result.
In step S4, determining the pile length and the reflection position of the defect by using a waveform identification method specifically includes:
the pile length is obtained according to the following formula:
L＝V×(T/2)
v is the propagation speed of an elastic wave signal in the tubular pile, and T is the reflection time of the bottom of the tubular pile; for the precast tubular pile with the concrete strength grade of C80, the elastic wave (P wave) speed is 4100 m/s.
The defect reflection position is obtained according to the following formula:
L1＝V×(T2-T1)/2
wherein L is1Indicating the distance from the defect position to the pile top; t is1Indicating the start-up time, T, of the excitation2The representation represents the defect reflection time including the oscillation starting time.
As shown in fig. 5, the step S4 further includes:
after the pile bottom reflection signal is determined (at the time of T3 in fig. 5), the phase condition between the pile top and pile bottom reflection signals is analyzed, when the signal phase is compared with the previous waveform, the peak amplitude of the reflection signal is more than 1.5 times of the previous waveform but lower than the amplitude of the pile bottom reflection signal, and the phase is in phase with the pile top, the reflection point is the defect position of the pile body.
Before detection, the pile top of the pipe pile needs to be exposed, two excitation points and 2 signal pickup devices are arranged on the central line of the thickness of the pipe wall, and the excitation points and the signal pickup devices are symmetrically arranged. And then polishing, coupling the signal pickup device 4 at the corresponding position of the precast tubular pile 1 in a combined manner, axially transmitting the excitation elastic wave along the tubular pile, reflecting at the bottom of the pile, and analyzing the characteristics of the reflected wave to calculate the length and the integrity of the pile body.
The detection technology and the equipment adopt the reflection characteristic of elastic waves, and the processing mode is as follows: and (4) waveform identification method.
Because there is the metal sheet existence at precast tubular pile top, the residual vibration signal after the excitation is stronger, when the welding quality between the precast tubular pile is relatively poor simultaneously, when the back wave is difficult to discern, can adopt modes such as increase the exciting hammer quality, signal filtering, signal amplification to improve pile bottom reflection signal quality, can eliminate most natural oscillation signal and the influence of welding seam reflection signal between the pile, directly discern the back wave.
According to the research on related researches and products at home and abroad, the research on the length and integrity of the prefabricated pipe pile can be effectively detected is rare. However, for the detection technology of the length of the hollow upright post of the steel guardrail, a plurality of mechanisms make a great deal of research and form detection specifications. The invention can effectively reduce the influence of the gaps between the prefabricated pipe pile sections on signals, obviously improve the quality of the reflected signals at the bottom of the pile, and correspondingly improve the detection precision of the pile length and the integrity of the pile body; compared with the existing method for burying the pipeline (an acoustic transmission method, a magnetic measurement method, a side hole transmission method and the like), the detection efficiency and the detection cost are obviously improved.
The invention is adopted to carry out quality detection on the precast tubular pile at a certain high speed. According to the relevant data, the strength grade of the precast pile body concrete is C80, the pile diameter is 400mm, the wall thickness is 60mm, the design length of the pipe pile is 30m, the pipe pile is connected by adopting the length of 10 m/section, the connection among the piles is connected by welding during construction, and please refer to fig. 6 for detecting and analyzing typical waveforms. Through field test, the middle part of the tubular pile has defects, the reflection signal at the bottom of the tubular pile is clearer, the total length of the tubular pile obtained through analysis is 29.3m, compared with the designed pile length, the test deviation is-2.33%, and the test effect is better.
In summary, the system and the method for detecting the length and integrity of the precast tubular pile provided by the invention are characterized in that a special vibration hammer is adopted to perform vibration excitation at a vibration excitation point of a central line of the wall thickness of the tubular pile at the same distance from two damping sensors, an elastic wave signal generated by the vibration excitation is transmitted to the bottom of the tubular pile along the axial direction of the tubular pile and is reflected, the damping sensors sense a reflection signal transmitted from the bottom direction of the tubular pile and convert the reflection signal into a charge signal, the charge signal is transmitted to a detection host through a signal cable, the detection host identifies and converts the charge signal into a signal which can be identified and recorded, and the signal is displayed and analyzed on the detection host; after the method processes a test signal, when a reflected signal is the same as a vibration starting signal in phase and a reflection amplitude is obviously enhanced, the method judges that the reflected signal is a pile bottom reflected signal, determines a reflection position and a pile length according to a reflection point, analyzes the phase condition between a pile top and the pile bottom reflected signal after the pile bottom reflected signal is determined, and when the signal phase is compared with a previous waveform, the signal phase is obviously enhanced but is lower than the pile bottom reflected signal amplitude and is in phase with the pile top, the position is the defect of a pile body; the invention provides a detection system and detection method steps, and realizes the quick, simple, convenient and accurate detection of the length and integrity of the prefabricated pipe pile.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the method and the core concept of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a long and integrality detecting system of precast tubular pile stake which characterized in that includes: the device comprises an excitation tool, excitation points, signal pickup devices and a detection host, wherein the excitation points and the signal pickup devices are respectively provided with a plurality of excitation points, the excitation points and the signal pickup devices are arranged on the top of a precast tubular pile and are positioned at the intersection of the diameter direction of the tubular pile and a central circular line of the wall thickness of the tubular pile, and the excitation points and the signal pickup devices are respectively symmetrically arranged along the diameter of the tubular pile; the signal pickup device is connected with the detection host through a signal cable, and the excitation tool is used for applying an elastic wave excitation signal to the excitation point.
2. The precast tubular pile length and integrity detection system according to claim 1, wherein the signal pickup device is a damping sensor.
3. The precast tubular pile length and integrity detection system according to claim 1, wherein the signal pickup device is coupled on the pile top of the precast tubular pile by coupling agent, and the coupling material includes but is not limited to butter, toothpaste or vaseline.
4. The precast tubular pile length and integrity detection system of claim 1, wherein the vibration excitation tool is a vibration excitation hammer, and the detection host is a machine with a calculation and analysis function.
5. The precast tubular pile length and integrity detection system of claim 1, wherein 2 excitation points and 2 signal pickup devices are provided, wherein 2 signal pickup devices are located at two points where the loop line intersects between the diameter of the tubular pile and the wall thickness of the tubular pile, and 2 excitation points are located at two points where the diameter of the tubular pile perpendicular to the connecting line between the two signal pickup devices intersects with the loop line in the wall thickness of the tubular pile.
6. A method for detecting the length and integrity of a precast tubular pile is applied to the system for detecting the length and integrity of the precast tubular pile as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, coating a proper amount of coupling agent on the pile top of the polished precast tubular pile;
s2, adopting two signal pickup devices to be coupled and installed on the top of the precast tubular pile and located at two points where the diameter of the tubular pile intersects with the circular line in the wall thickness of the tubular pile, and forming two excitation points at the intersection of the diameter of the tubular pile perpendicular to the connecting line between the two signal pickup devices and the circular line in the wall thickness of the tubular pile;
s3, applying an elastic wave excitation signal to the excitation point by an excitation tool, collecting a reflection signal by the two signal pickup devices, and transmitting the reflection signal to a detection host through a signal cable;
s4, the detection host machine performs band-pass filtering, integration processing and signal area enhancement processing on the reflection signal; when the phase of the reflected signal is the same as that of the oscillation starting signal and the reflection amplitude is greater than 1.5 times of the previous waveform amplitude, determining a pile bottom reflected signal, and determining the pile length and the defect reflection position by adopting a waveform identification method;
and S5, performing statistical processing on the analysis result and storing the result.
7. The method for detecting the pile length and the integrity of the precast tubular pile according to claim 6, wherein in the step S4, the method for determining the pile length and the reflection position of the defect by using a waveform identification method specifically comprises:
the pile length is obtained according to the following formula:
L＝V×(T/2)
v is the propagation speed of elastic waves in the precast tubular pile, and T is the reflection time of the pile bottom;
the defect reflection position is obtained according to the following formula:
L1＝V×(T2-T1)/2
wherein L is1Indicating the distance from the defect position to the pile top; t is1Indicating the start-up time, T, of the excitation2The representation represents the defect reflection time including the oscillation starting time.
8. The method for detecting the pile length and integrity of the precast tubular pile according to claim 6, wherein the step S4 further comprises:
and after the pile bottom reflected signal is determined, analyzing the phase condition between the pile top and pile bottom reflected signals, and when the signal phase is compared with the previous waveform, the peak amplitude of the reflected signal is more than 1.5 times of that of the previous waveform but lower than that of the pile bottom reflected signal, and the phase is the same as the initial wave oscillation phase, then the reflection point is the defect position of the pile body.
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| CN114839205A (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2022-08-02 | 中国矿业大学 | Umbrella-shaped opening-closing sectional type low-strain integrity testing device and method |
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| CN114839205A (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2022-08-02 | 中国矿业大学 | Umbrella-shaped opening-closing sectional type low-strain integrity testing device and method |
| CN114839205B (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2024-01-23 | 中国矿业大学 | Umbrella-shaped opening and closing sectional type low-strain integrity testing device and method |
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