CN114322927A - Rock salt water-soluble mine ground settlement advanced monitoring method - Google Patents
Rock salt water-soluble mine ground settlement advanced monitoring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114322927A CN114322927A CN202210016588.4A CN202210016588A CN114322927A CN 114322927 A CN114322927 A CN 114322927A CN 202210016588 A CN202210016588 A CN 202210016588A CN 114322927 A CN114322927 A CN 114322927A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of mine geological monitoring, in particular to a rock salt water-soluble mine ground settlement advanced monitoring method, which comprises the following steps: selecting a bittern abandoned well as an observation well; carrying out drifting and geophysical well logging on the observation well, determining a monitoring well section in the observation well, and plugging a well hole at the lower part of the monitoring well section; cutting a technical casing in the monitoring well section, and removing a cement sheath through a wide hole to ensure that a well bore is communicated with an original stratum seepage passage; cleaning a shaft, and performing wellhead waterproof sealing treatment at a wellhead; and arranging a hydrological monitoring instrument at the monitoring well section and communicating the hydrological monitoring instrument with the ground data processing system. According to the invention, the damage condition of the geological layer is monitored in real time through the abandoned well, and an alarm is given in time when the damage condition exists, so that the treatment is convenient to avoid the pollution of the upper layer geology, the safety of the geology above the goaf is protected, and the geology, underground water and the like in a living area are protected from being damaged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mine geological monitoring, in particular to a rock salt water-soluble mine ground settlement advanced monitoring method.
Background
In the process of mining the bittern mine, underground rock salt is dissolved by water to generate bittern which returns to the ground, and a dissolving cavity filled with the bittern is formed underground. Along with the development, the scope of the solution cavity is continuously enlarged, rocks on the top plate of the solution cavity are continuously exposed, local stress concentration is caused, and the solution cavity is very easy to destabilize and collapse under the combined action of hydrodynamic force. In the management of a movable mining roof, the influence range of a goaf on an overlying strata is divided into an overflow zone and a fissure zone (if the trend develops to the ground surface, even a ground subsidence zone appears), and high-salinity brine in a dissolving cavity is easy to permeate to a shallow aquifer and even overflows the ground surface through fissures, so that the geology of the mine environment is damaged. In the actual mining process of a mine, although a hydrogeological observation well is arranged or a water well in the mine is directly used as the hydrogeological observation well, the hydrogeological observation well is generally shallow in depth, mainly monitors the hydrogeological characteristic change of a shallow aquifer, and is not enough to forecast the gradual influence of the high-salinity brine from a deep dissolution cavity from bottom to top in advance. On the other hand, the conventional disposal method of a large number of abandoned wells of the bittern mine is to leave unused for a long time or seal the whole wells, and the utilization value of one salt well as a main channel for connecting the ground and a deep stratum is not fully exerted.
Therefore, after the exploitation of a large number of bittern mines is finished, the residual value of the shaft is not reused; in view of the fact that the tunneling of the bittern mine is closest to the mining area, the geological advanced monitoring of the goaf by using the abandoned bittern mine can greatly reduce the process complexity of geological monitoring and reduce the corresponding cost. Therefore, a more reasonable technical scheme should be provided by combining the abandoned well, and the technical problems in the prior art are solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art mentioned in the content, the invention provides a rock-salt water-soluble mine ground subsidence advanced monitoring method, which takes a permeable layer in an overlying stratum of a bittern mine goaf as a main monitoring object, builds a lower barrier of a shaft to prevent bittern of the goaf from entering an upper shaft by performing necessary transformation on a abandoned well shaft distributed in the bittern mine goaf, and builds direct connection between the shaft and the monitored permeable layer to monitor hydrogeological characteristic change of an original stratum. The underground depth detection method can realize underground (or superficial) detection, so that prediction is carried out before the infiltration trend of the bittern in the goaf does not develop into a main underground aquifer for human life and production, and basis and guidance are provided for the mountain disaster treatment of the bittern mine.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention specifically adopts the technical scheme that:
an advanced monitoring method for ground settlement of rock salt water-soluble mine comprises the following steps:
selecting a plurality of bittern abandoned wells as observation wells;
carrying out drifting and geophysical well logging on each observation well, determining a monitoring well section on each observation well, and plugging a well hole at the lower part of the monitoring well section;
carrying out technical transformation on an observation well, cutting a technical casing in a monitoring well section, and removing a cement sheath through a wide hole to keep the well bore communicated with an original stratum seepage passage;
cleaning a shaft, and performing wellhead waterproof sealing treatment at a wellhead to prevent external liquid from entering an observation well from the wellhead;
and arranging a hydrological monitoring instrument at a monitoring well section in the observation well for observing geological hydrological conditions, and communicating the hydrological monitoring instrument with a ground data processing system.
The advanced monitoring method adopts the bittern abandoned well with enough depth as the observation well, and a monitoring well section for observing the geological comprehensive condition is set in the observation well, so as to observe the geological condition of the monitoring well section; the monitoring well section is located below the main aquifer of the living area, so when the monitoring well section finds abnormal conditions, measures can be taken in time to process the abnormal conditions, the main aquifer is prevented from being damaged by the abnormal conditions of geology, and therefore the purposes of timely alarming and preventing and protecting underground water below the living area are achieved.
Further, in the present invention, the depth of the observation well needs to be sufficient to meet the requirement of setting the monitoring well section, and the requirement for the depth of the observation well can be increased as much as possible, and the depth of the observation well is optimally set and one of the feasible options is provided: the observation well pass main secret aquifer and the permeable formation of below, the monitoring wellhole section set up in the permeable formation, and there is stable regional water barrier between monitoring wellhole section and the main secret aquifer. When adopting such scheme, carry out the monitoring of geology in the depth range of monitoring well section, bittern of bittern abandonment below the pit goaf oozes the time and arrives monitoring well section earlier, can effectively monitor the change condition who obtains the geology this moment, is convenient for in time send the warning and take measures to remedy, avoids bittern to permeate into main aquifer and causes water pollution. Simultaneously, the permeable formation that sets up the monitoring well section should not contain water, so makes the reliability of monitoring well section higher, and is more convenient for discover the change of geology condition, is convenient for discover unusually in order to report to the police and remedy as early as possible.
Still further, in order to select a suitable observation well, the depth requirement of the observation well is defined, which is optimized and one of the following feasible options is provided: and setting the minimum drifting depth before drifting, wherein the drifting depths of the observation wells are all larger than the minimum depth. When the scheme is adopted, the abandoned wells are generally selected one by one from large depth to small depth in the abandoned wells, the depth of the abandoned wells needs to exceed the main underground aquifer and the permeable layer of the living area of people, the depth of the abandoned wells needs to be communicated to the permeable layer and a deeper area during well communication, and when the well communication depth cannot meet the requirement, the abandoned wells are abandoned as observation wells.
Furthermore, after the well hole below the monitoring well section is plugged, the monitoring well section is isolated from the solution cavity of the goaf below the monitoring well section, and the brine below the monitoring well section is effectively prevented from entering the monitoring well section upwards through the well shaft. There is therefore a need for effective plugging of the section of the wellbore, where optimization is performed and one possible option is to be taken: when plugging the well hole below the monitoring well section, firstly, a packer is put into the well hole, and then a cement plug is arranged and cement is poured. When adopting such scheme, as first separation barrier through the packer, effectively avoided direct cement of pouring into to have the risk of cement stopper slippage.
Further, in the invention, the well hole below the monitoring well section passes through the theoretical caving area and the fractured area to be communicated with the lower solution cavity, and the packer is arranged above the lower end interface of the theoretical caving area and the fractured area. And the packer is at least 50m above the lower end interface. When the scheme is adopted, the instability of the theoretical caving area and the fracture area is considered, the setting height of the packer is improved, the stability of plugging is kept, even if the theoretical caving area and the fracture area partially caving or collapsing, the packer can not be directly caused to fall to cause the failure of plugging of the well hole, if the theoretical caving area and the fracture area are extremely unstable and large-scale caving or collapsing occurs to cause the failure of plugging of the well hole, the geological environment at the position is unstable, and the alarm is directly given to cause attention and timely treatment.
Further, in order to improve the reliability of geological monitoring and more truly restore the geological condition, the setting position of the monitoring well section of the observation well is optimized, and the following feasible options are provided: the monitoring well sections of the observation wells are positioned in the same stratum. When adopting such scheme, the monitoring well section carries out synchronous monitoring to the many places geological conditions on this stratum, and especially the condition of oozing of below brine is monitored, can effectually reflect the condition of oozing of below brine on this stratum, and then judges the geological change condition more accurately on the whole.
Further, if the inclination angle of the underlying stratum of the mine where the observation well is arranged is large, the elevation change of the same stratum is large, and the difficulty of arranging the monitoring well section in the same stratum is large, the adjustment can be performed, and the optimization setting is performed and one of the feasible options is provided: and the monitoring well sections of the plurality of observation wells are positioned at the same altitude.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the bittern abandoned well is utilized, the abandoned well with enough depth is processed, the monitoring well section is arranged, the position of the monitoring well section corresponds to the geological layer to be monitored, the damage condition of the geological layer is monitored in real time through a hydrological monitoring instrument, and when the damage condition appears, the monitoring well section gives an alarm in time, so that the processing is convenient to avoid the pollution of the upper geological layer, the safety of the geological above the goaf is protected, and the geological and underground water of the living area are protected from being damaged.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of an 001# observation well in the example.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a plurality of observation well assemblies selected at the surface for observation and early warning.
In the above drawings, the meaning of each symbol is: 1. a wellhead assembly; 2. a surface casing; 3. surface casing cement sheath; 4. a technical sleeve; 5. a technical casing cement sheath; 6. a communication cable; 7. a primary aquifer underground; 8. a regional water barrier layer; 9. a permeable layer; 10. a hydrologic monitoring instrument; 11. a cement plug; 12. a fracture zone; 13. a rock salt roof strata; 14. a packer; 15. cracking; 16. a theoretical overflow area; 17. a lysis chamber; 18. a rock salt layer; 19. the deposit collapses.
Detailed Description
The invention is further explained below with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments.
It should be noted that the description of the embodiments is provided to help understanding of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are merely illustrative of example embodiments of the invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many alternate forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein.
Examples
Aiming at the situation that the goaf bittern abandoned well in the prior art is not utilized any more, and a monitoring well needs to be tunneled independently to monitor the geological condition of the goaf, the engineering quantity is large, the cost is high, and the problem in the prior art is solved by optimizing the embodiment.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the embodiment provides an advanced monitoring method for ground subsidence of a rock-salt water-soluble mine, which includes the following steps:
s1: selecting a plurality of bittern abandoned wells as observation wells; in this embodiment, three observation wells are selected, which are numbered 001#, 002# and 003# respectively.
S2: carrying out drifting and geophysical well logging on each observation well, determining a monitoring well section on each observation well, and plugging a well hole at the lower part of the monitoring well section;
s3: carrying out technical transformation on the observation well, cutting the technical casing 4 in the monitoring well section, and removing a cement sheath through a wide hole to ensure that a well bore is communicated with an original stratum seepage passage;
s4: cleaning a shaft by adopting clean water in a circulating way, cleaning silt in the shaft, and performing wellhead waterproof sealing treatment at a wellhead to prevent external liquid from entering an observation well from the wellhead; generally, a wellhead device 1 is arranged at a wellhead and used for performing waterproof sealing treatment on the wellhead and also used as a supporting foundation for arranging underground equipment;
s5: a hydrologic monitoring instrument 10 is provided at a monitoring interval within the observation well for observing geological hydrologic conditions and the hydrologic monitoring instrument 10 is communicated with a surface data processing system. In this embodiment, hydrology monitoring instrument 10 accessible communication cable 6 carries out communication connection with ground data processing system, can carry out height lifting adjustment to the monitor ware simultaneously in real time, adjusts the high position of hydrology monitoring instrument 10 in the monitoring well section to in the adjustment observation.
Preferably, in step S3 in this embodiment, only the technical casing 4, the cement sheath, and the like in the monitoring well section are processed and removed, so as to directly contact the geological formation at the monitoring well section and further perform geological condition monitoring, and the technical casing 4, the technical casing cement sheath 5, the surface casing 2, the surface casing cement sheath 3, the inner cement sheath, and the like in the upper well bore and the lower well bore of the monitoring well section are retained.
The advanced monitoring method adopts the bittern abandoned well with enough depth as the observation well, and a monitoring well section for observing the geological comprehensive condition is set in the observation well, so as to observe the geological condition of the monitoring well section; the monitoring well section is located below the main aquifer of the living area, so when the monitoring well section finds abnormal conditions, measures can be taken in time to process the abnormal conditions, the main aquifer is prevented from being damaged by the abnormal conditions of geology, and therefore the purposes of timely alarming and preventing and protecting underground water below the living area are achieved.
In this embodiment, the depth of the observation well needs to be sufficient to meet the requirement of setting the monitoring interval, and the requirement on the depth of the observation well can be increased as much as possible, where the depth is optimized and one of the feasible options is adopted: the observation well pass main underground aquifer and permeable formation 9 below, the monitoring well section set up in permeable formation 9, and there is stable regional water barrier 8 between monitoring well section and the main underground aquifer. When adopting such scheme, carry out the monitoring of geology in the depth range of monitoring well section, bittern of bittern abandonment below the pit goaf oozes the time and arrives monitoring well section earlier, can effectively monitor the change condition who obtains the geology this moment, is convenient for in time send the warning and take measures to remedy, avoids bittern to permeate into main aquifer and causes water pollution. Simultaneously, the permeable formation 9 that sets up the monitoring well section should not contain water, so makes the reliability of monitoring well section higher, and is more convenient for discover the change of geology condition, is convenient for discover unusually in order to report to the police and remedy as early as possible.
In order to select a suitable observation well, the depth requirement of the observation well is defined, and the following feasible options are optimized and adopted: and setting the minimum drifting depth before drifting, wherein the drifting depths of the observation wells are all larger than the minimum depth. When the scheme is adopted, the abandoned wells are generally selected one by one from large depth to small depth, the well depth needs to exceed the main underground aquifer 7 and the permeable layer 9 of the living area of people, the depth needs to be communicated to the permeable layer 9 and a deeper area during well communication, and when the well communication depth cannot meet the requirement, the abandoned wells are abandoned as observation wells.
Preferably, the selected observation wells are all required to pass through the underground major aquifer 7 and the permeable layer 9 below the living area, as is standard in this embodiment for depth to reach the underground major aquifer 7 and the permeable layer 9 below the living area.
After the well hole below the monitoring well section is plugged, the monitoring well section is isolated from the solution cavity 17 of the goaf below the monitoring well section, and the brine below the monitoring well section is effectively prevented from entering the monitoring well section upwards through the well shaft. There is therefore a need for effective plugging of the section of the wellbore, where optimization is performed and one of the following viable options is used: when plugging the well hole below the monitoring well section, firstly, a packer 14 is put into the well hole, then a cement plug 11 is arranged, and cement is poured. When adopting such scheme, as first separation barrier through packer 14, effectively avoided direct cement pouring to have the risk that cement stopper 11 slips.
In this embodiment, the wellbore below the monitoring interval is in communication with a lower cavern 17 through the theoretical breakout zone 16 and the fracture zone 12, and a packer 14 is disposed above the lower boundary of the theoretical breakout zone 16 and the fracture zone 12. And packer 14 is at least 50m above the lower end interface. When the scheme is adopted, the instability of the theoretical caving zone 16 and the fractured zone 12 is considered, the setting height of the packer 14 is improved, the stability of plugging is kept, even if the theoretical caving zone 16 and the fractured zone 12 partially collapse or collapse, the packer 14 cannot be directly caused to fall to cause the plugging failure of the well hole, if the theoretical caving zone 16 and the fractured zone 12 are extremely unstable and the plugging failure of the well hole is caused by the caving or collapsing in a large range, the geological environment at the position is unstable, and the alarm needs to be directly given to cause attention and timely treatment.
Preferably, the theoretical overflow area 16 and the fractured area 12 are located in the rock salt roof rock layer 13, a rock salt layer 18 is arranged below the rock salt roof rock layer 13, a dissolving cavity 17 is formed between the rock salt roof rock layer 13 and the rock salt layer 18, and part of unstable structures of the theoretical overflow area 16 and the fractured area 12 collapse towards the dissolving cavity 17 and form a collapsed accumulation 19 in the dissolving cavity 17; there are a large number of fractures 15 within the fracture zone 12, and the fractures 15 will grow non-directionally after the theoretical overflow zone 16 collapses.
In order to improve the reliability of geological monitoring and truly restore the geological condition, the setting position of the monitoring well section of the observation well is optimized, and the following feasible selection is adopted: when the stratum in the area is not inclined greatly, the monitoring well section of the 001# -003# observation well is positioned in the same stratum. When adopting such scheme, the monitoring well section carries out synchronous monitoring to the many places geological conditions on this stratum, and especially the condition of oozing of below brine is monitored, can effectually reflect the condition of oozing of below brine on this stratum, and then judges the geological change condition more accurately on the whole.
In another scheme, if the inclination angle of the underlying stratum of the mine where the observation well is arranged is large, the elevation change of the same stratum is large, and the difficulty of arranging the monitoring well section in the same stratum is large, adjustment can be performed, wherein the optimization setting is performed and one feasible option is adopted: and the monitoring well sections of the plurality of observation wells are positioned at the same altitude.
The above embodiments are just exemplified in the present embodiment, but the present embodiment is not limited to the above alternative embodiments, and those skilled in the art can obtain other various embodiments by arbitrarily combining with each other according to the above embodiments, and any other various embodiments can be obtained by anyone in light of the present embodiment. The above detailed description should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present embodiments, which should be defined in the claims, and the description should be used for interpreting the claims.
Claims (7)
1. The method for monitoring the ground settlement of the rock salt water-soluble mine in advance is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
selecting a plurality of bittern abandoned wells as observation wells;
carrying out drifting and geophysical well logging on each observation well, determining a monitoring well section on each observation well, and plugging a well hole at the lower part of the monitoring well section;
carrying out technical transformation on the observation well, cutting a technical casing (4) in the monitoring well section, and removing a cement sheath through a wide hole to ensure that a well bore is communicated with an original stratum seepage passage;
cleaning a shaft, and performing wellhead waterproof sealing treatment at a wellhead to prevent external liquid from entering an observation well from the wellhead;
a hydrologic monitoring instrument (10) is arranged at a monitoring well section in the observation well for observing geological hydrologic conditions, and the hydrologic monitoring instrument (10) is communicated with a ground data processing system.
2. The method for advanced monitoring of ground settlement of rock salt water-soluble mine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the observation well passes through main underground aquifer and permeable zone (9) below, the monitoring well section set up in permeable zone (9), and there is stable regional water barrier (8) between monitoring well section and the main underground aquifer.
3. The method for advanced monitoring of ground settlement of rock salt water-soluble mine according to claim 1, characterized in that: and setting the minimum drifting depth before drifting, wherein the drifting depths of the observation wells are all larger than the minimum depth.
4. The method for advanced monitoring of ground settlement of rock salt water-soluble mine according to claim 1, characterized in that: when plugging a well hole below the monitoring well section, firstly, a packer (14) is put into the well hole, and then a cement plug (11) is arranged and cement is poured.
5. The rock salt water-soluble mine ground settlement advanced monitoring method according to claim 4, characterized in that: the well hole below the monitoring well section penetrates through the theoretical caving area (16) and the fractured area (12) to be communicated with the lower solution cavity (17), and the packer (14) is arranged above the lower end interface of the theoretical caving area (16) and the fractured area (12). And the packer (14) is at least 50m above the lower end interface.
6. The method for advanced monitoring of ground settlement of rock salt water-soluble mine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the monitoring well sections of the observation wells are positioned in the same stratum.
7. The method for advanced monitoring of ground settlement of rock salt water-soluble mine according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the monitoring well sections of the plurality of observation wells are positioned at the same altitude.
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| CN2021116308309 | 2021-12-28 | ||
| CN202111630830 | 2021-12-28 |
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| CN1521518A (en) * | 2003-01-30 | 2004-08-18 | 大庆石油管理局 | Detecting method for monitoring massif glide and shock bump geologic hazard |
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