CN114322924B - Experimental device for simulating settlement mechanism of tunnel and overlying stratum in variable dip angle stratum - Google Patents
Experimental device for simulating settlement mechanism of tunnel and overlying stratum in variable dip angle stratum Download PDFInfo
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- CN114322924B CN114322924B CN202111155200.0A CN202111155200A CN114322924B CN 114322924 B CN114322924 B CN 114322924B CN 202111155200 A CN202111155200 A CN 202111155200A CN 114322924 B CN114322924 B CN 114322924B
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- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010365 information processing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
The experimental device for simulating the settlement mechanism of the tunnel and the overlying stratum in the variable dip angle stratum effectively solves the problem of experimental simulation of the tunnel and the overlying settlement mechanism under the condition that an actual tunnel and the overlying stratum are not horizontal stratum but have any dip angle stratum.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an experimental device, in particular to an experimental device for simulating a settlement mechanism of a tunnel and an overlying stratum in a stratum with a variable dip angle.
Background
The stress field and the displacement field of surrounding rock in a certain range are changed in tunnel excavation, disturbance is generated on surrounding stratum, surrounding and overlying stratum and earth surface are often caused to be settled, and the development of a tunnel excavation physical simulation experiment is an important means for researching the settlement rule. In the past, the simulation device is mainly used for simulating horizontal stratum, and is generally difficult to perform a physical simulation test on stratum with an inclination angle above a tunnel, and is difficult to simulate stratum with different inclination angles in the experimental process. Therefore, a device capable of realizing physical similarity simulation on stratum with different inclination angles covered on tunnels is needed. Meanwhile, in the process of the experiment, auxiliary experiments are required to be carried out by changing the stratum angle, the stratum under different dip angles is required to be simulated, the angle can be automatically converted in the process of switching the dip angles, meanwhile, conversion is not required to be carried out by manpower, the dip angle can be adjusted in real time in the conversion process, and the dip angle is completely controlled.
In the process of controlling the inclination angle, real-time monitoring and guiding are needed to be carried out on the middle simulated stratum, so that the stratum cannot generate unexpected deformation, finally, the influence on the result is caused, and in the process of adjusting the inclination angle, the internal stratum is enabled to be changed in real time according to the adjusted expected result, so that the accuracy of the experimental result can be ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the situation, the invention provides an experimental device for simulating the settlement mechanism of tunnels and overlying strata in stratum with variable dip angles, which effectively solves the problem of the settlement-inducing experiment of simulated tunnel mining under the working condition that actual strata have different dip angles.
Preferably, the inclined plate angle adjusting device comprises a threaded sleeve longitudinally and rotatably connected to the left side supporting plate, a threaded adjusting rod is rotatably connected to the threaded sleeve, a left connecting sleeve is rotatably connected to the right end of the threaded adjusting rod, the left end of the left connecting sleeve is rotatably connected with the right end of the threaded adjusting rod, and the right end of the left connecting sleeve is longitudinally and rotatably connected with the left side face of the left inclined plate.
Preferably, the inclined plate angle fixing device comprises a positioning sleeve longitudinally connected to the right support plate in a rotating manner, a plurality of clamping teeth are uniformly distributed on the inner side surface of the positioning sleeve at intervals, a positioning rod is slidably connected to the positioning sleeve, a clamping block matched with the clamping teeth in the positioning sleeve is fixed on the positioning rod, the positioning rod is slidably connected with the positioning sleeve when the clamping block is misplaced with the clamping teeth, and the clamping block is matched with the clamping teeth when the positioning rod rotates ninety degrees, so that sliding movement between the positioning rod and the positioning sleeve is impossible.
Preferably, the left end of the positioning rod is rotationally connected with a right connecting sleeve, the left end of the right connecting sleeve is longitudinally rotationally connected with the right side surface of the right inclined plate, and the right end of the right connecting sleeve is rotationally connected with the left end surface of the positioning rod.
Preferably, the rotating rod rotationally connected in the arc-shaped groove is in sealing rotational connection with the arc-shaped groove, and the inclined plate fixedly connected on the rotating rod is in sealing sliding connection with the front baffle and the rear baffle.
Preferably, the parallel rod is composed of a front parallel rod and a rear parallel rod, the left end of the front parallel rod is longitudinally and rotationally connected with the front end of the upper end face of the left inclined plate, the right end of the front parallel rod is longitudinally and rotationally connected with the front end of the upper end face of the right inclined plate, the left end of the rear parallel rod is longitudinally and rotationally connected with the rear end of the upper end face of the left inclined plate, the right end of the rear parallel rod is longitudinally and rotationally connected with the rear end of the upper end face of the inclined plate, the upper end faces of the front parallel rod and the rear parallel rod are always kept on the same plane, and the front parallel rod is parallel with the front side face of the rear parallel rod.
Preferably, the hydraulic jack is located in a containing groove formed in the right side of the upper end face of the supporting seat in a downward mode, the upper end of the hydraulic jack is longitudinally and rotatably connected with the right side of the lower bottom face of the lower bottom plate, and the lower end of the hydraulic jack is longitudinally and rotatably connected with the lower bottom face of the containing groove.
Preferably, a tunnel excavation opening is formed in the rear baffle plate.
Preferably, the sensor is a pressure sensor or a displacement sensor.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: solving the following problems; 1. the inclination angle of the sedimentation simulation box can be accurately adjusted in the use process; 2. the inclination angle can be accurately reflected in the adjustment process, and the inclination angle of the inclination plate is adjusted to be consistent with the inclination angle of the simulation box, so that the accuracy of experimental data can be effectively improved; 3. the inclination angle of the sedimentation simulation box can be compared with the supporting angle of the inclination plate; 4. the inclined plates at the left side and the right side always keep a vertical state when experiments are carried out; 5. in the process of filling the simulation layer, the simulation box can be firstly adjusted to the angle in the experiment, and then the experimental simulation layer is filled, so that the angle and the thickness of the filled simulation layer are both in accordance with the thickness of the simulation layer required in the experiment; 6. when the sensor is arranged, the sensor is always parallel to the inclined plate, so that the sensor is in a vertical state in the experiment, and experimental data are more accurate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the whole of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of the area a of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of the area B of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is an enlarged view of the region C of the present invention.
Reference numerals
1. The hydraulic jack comprises a supporting seat, a hydraulic jack, a settlement simulation box, a rotary shaft, an angle pointer, a lower bottom plate, a front baffle, a rear baffle, an arc-shaped groove, a rotary rod, an inclined plate, a rotary scale, a parallel rod, a supporting plate, a inclined plate angle adjusting device, an inclined plate angle fixing device, a screw sleeve, a screw adjusting rod, a left connecting sleeve, a positioning sleeve, a clamping tooth, a positioning rod, a clamping block, a right connecting sleeve, a containing groove and a tunnel excavation opening.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to fig. 1-6.
When the embodiment is used, firstly, the supporting seat 1 of the experimental device is placed on the horizontal hard ground, at the moment, the hydraulic jack 2 is adjusted to lift the right end of the sedimentation simulation box 3 upwards to an angle required by the experiment, at the moment, the angle pointer 5 fixedly connected with the extending part of the front side surface of the rotating connecting part of the left side surface of the lower end surface of the sedimentation simulation box 3 and the supporting seat 1 indicates the inclination angle of the sedimentation simulation box 3, then, after the pointer indicates the required angle, the hydraulic jack 2 is stopped and the hydraulic jack 2 is kept in place, at the moment, the screw adjusting rod 18 on the inclination angle adjusting device on the left side surface of the left inclined plate 11 is adjusted, the inclination angle of the inclined plate 11 is rotated to be consistent with the inclination angle of the sedimentation simulation box 3, and as the upper ends of the inclined plates 11 on the left side and the right side are rotationally connected with the parallel rods 13, the parallel rod 13 keeps the inclination angle of the inclined plates 11 on the left side and the right side the same all the time, then the inclination angle fixing device is rotated for ninety degrees to fix the angle of the inclined plates 11, at the moment, the sensor is placed at the position to be measured, the direction of the sensor is kept parallel to the inclined plates 11, the power supply of the sensor is connected with a computer, at the moment, the settlement simulation layers are paved layer by layer, the upper surface of the first layer is consistent with the horizontal plane when the first layer is paved, the simulation layers are paved and compacted after the first layer is paved, then the simulation layers on the first layer are filled, the hydraulic jack 2 is put down after the simulation layers are sequentially filled, the settlement simulation device is placed for three to five days, and after the stratum is relatively stable, the experiment is started again, the hydraulic jack 2 is communicated with the hydraulic pump when the experiment, the right end of the simulation box rises upwards under the action of the hydraulic pressure, the whole simulation box is inclined, the action of the hydraulic jack 2 is stopped when the inclination angle of the simulation box is adjusted to be the same as the inclination angle of the inclination plate 11, the hydraulic jack 2 is kept in place, a power supply of a sensor is connected at the moment, an information processing computer is connected, a tunnel excavation opening 26 is opened, the tunnel is simulated to excavate, data transmitted by the sensor are monitored in real time, stratum in the simulation box is emptied after experimental data are collected, the sensor is retracted, then the hydraulic jack 2 is returned, the inclination plate 11 is positioned and canceled by rotating the inclination plate angle fixing device 16 anticlockwise, the inclination plate 11 is returned by adjusting the inclination plate angle adjusting device 15, and then experiments are conducted again when the simulation box is at different inclination angles, and the data are collected.
The data acquisition instrument that links to each other with the sensor output and the computer that links to each other with the data acquisition instrument, the stratum simulation layer that sets up, the tunnel simulation layer of setting in stratum simulation layer top below, and the multilayer geology simulation layer F1 that sets up on the tunnel simulation layer, F2 … … Fn to be provided with tunnel excavation mouth 26, tunnel excavation mouth 26 on be provided with adjusting flange, the sensor include displacement sensor and pressure sensor, displacement sensor and pressure sensor be connected to corresponding data acquisition instrument respectively through the data line, all be provided with displacement sensor and pressure sensor in multilayer geology simulation layer F1, F2 … … Fn, still include supporting seat 1, hydraulic jack 2.
When the sensor is arranged, the sensor is always parallel to the inclined plate, so that the sensor is in a vertical state in the experiment, and experimental data are more accurate.
Further, the screw thread adjusting rod 18 is rotated clockwise, the screw thread adjusting rod 18 moves rightwards, the left connecting sleeve 19 is pushed to move rightwards when the screw thread adjusting rod 18 moves rightwards, the left inclined plate 11 is pushed to rotate rightwards when the left connecting sleeve 19 moves rightwards, the real-time positioning function is achieved, when the left inclined plate 11 needs to return, the left screw thread adjusting rod 18 is rotated anticlockwise, and the left inclined plate 11 returns under the pulling force of the screw thread adjusting rod 18.
Further, when the positioning rod 22 does not rotate, the clamping teeth 21 in the positioning sleeve 20 and the clamping sleeves on the positioning rod 22 are arranged in a staggered manner, the positioning rod 22 is in sliding connection with the positioning sleeve 20, when the positioning rod 22 rotates ninety degrees, the clamping blocks 23 on the positioning rod 22 are overlapped with the clamping teeth 21 in the positioning sleeve 20, at the moment, the positioning rod 22 and the positioning sleeve 20 can only rotate under the action of external force and cannot do sliding movement, so that the function of supporting and positioning the right-side inclined plate 11 is achieved, and after the right-side inclined plate is used.
Further, the connecting sleeve is rotationally connected with the positioning rod 22 when the positioning rod 22 rotates, so that the connecting sleeve is pushed to rotate under the action of the threaded connection when the positioning rod 22 rotates.
Further, the arc-shaped groove 9 is in sealing and rotating connection with the rotating rod 10 so as to prevent the soil structure of the simulation layer from falling off and not being influenced by sundries during rotation.
Further, the length of the parallel rod 13 is selected to be consistent with the length of the lower base plate 6, the left inclined plate 11 and the right inclined plate 11 are always kept parallel, and a parallelogram structure is formed, so that the left inclined plate 11 and the right inclined plate 11 can act simultaneously and always keep parallel when acting, the parallel rods are arranged at the front and rear sides, the support function can be further achieved, and the left inclined plate 11 and the right inclined plate 11 are prevented from being displaced by an internal simulation layer under the action of extrusion force.
Further, the hydraulic jack 2 is connected with a hydraulic pump, the hydraulic pump is connected with a control unit, the hydraulic pump pressurizes the hydraulic pump when the lower plate 6 is required to be supported at a certain angle, the hydraulic pump supports the lower plate 6 at a certain angle, the hydraulic pump stops and locks when the specified angle is reached, the supporting plate 14 is kept at a fixed position, and when the lower plate 6 is required to return, the hydraulic pump slowly descends under the control of the control unit and is accommodated in the accommodating groove 25.
Further, an opening door is arranged on the accommodating groove 25 formed in the rear baffle plate 8, and is opened when a tunnel in a simulated stratum needs to be excavated in a simulated manner, and is closed when the tunnel is not used, so that leakage of the simulated stratum is prevented.
Claims (7)
1. The experimental device for simulating a settlement mechanism of a tunnel and an overlying stratum in a dip angle-changing stratum comprises sensors and is characterized by further comprising settlement simulation boxes (3) used for bearing various simulation layers and various sensors, wherein the left sides of the lower end surfaces of the settlement simulation boxes (3) are rotationally connected with the left sides of the upper end surfaces of supporting seats (1), a rotating shaft (4) is fixedly connected with the lower end surfaces of the settlement simulation boxes (3), the rotating shaft (4) extends out of the supporting seats (1) and is fixedly connected with an angle pointer (5), the settlement simulation boxes (3) are composed of a square lower bottom plate (6), a front baffle (7) fixedly connected to the front side surface of the lower bottom plate (6) and a rear baffle (8) fixedly connected to the rear side surface of the lower bottom plate (6), arc-shaped grooves (9) penetrating the front baffle (7) and the rear baffle (8) are respectively formed in the left side surface and the right side surface of the lower bottom plate (6), rotating rods (10) are respectively connected in the arc-shaped grooves (9), inclined plates (11) are respectively fixedly connected to the rotating rods (10), the width of each inclined plate (11) and the front side surfaces (7) extend out of the front baffle (7) and are respectively matched with the front baffle (7) at the same distance between the front baffle (7) and the front baffle (10), the upper end of the inclined plate (11) is rotationally connected with a parallel rod (13), a supporting plate (14) is fixedly connected between a front baffle (7) and a rear baffle (8) on the left side of the left inclined plate (11) and the right side of the right inclined plate (11), an inclined plate angle adjusting device (15) is arranged between the left supporting plate (14) and the left inclined plate (11), an inclined plate angle fixing device (16) is arranged between the right supporting plate (14) and the right inclined plate (11), and a hydraulic jack (2) is arranged between the right side of the lower bottom surface of the lower bottom plate (6) and the right side of the supporting seat (1);
The inclined plate angle adjusting device (15) comprises a threaded sleeve (17) which is longitudinally and rotatably connected to the left side supporting plate (14), a threaded adjusting rod (18) is rotationally connected to the threaded sleeve (17), a left connecting sleeve (19) is rotationally connected to the right end of the threaded adjusting rod (18), the left end of the left connecting sleeve (19) is rotationally connected with the right end of the threaded adjusting rod (18), and the right end of the left connecting sleeve (19) is longitudinally and rotatably connected with the left side face of the left inclined plate (11).
2. The experimental device for simulating settlement mechanisms of tunnels and overlying strata in a variable dip angle stratum according to claim 1, wherein the inclined plate angle fixing device (16) comprises a positioning sleeve (20) longitudinally connected to a right supporting plate (14) in a rotating mode, a plurality of clamping teeth (21) are uniformly distributed on the inner side face of the positioning sleeve (20) at intervals, a positioning rod (22) is slidably connected in the positioning sleeve (20), a clamping block (23) matched with the clamping teeth (21) in the positioning sleeve (20) is fixed on the positioning rod (22), when the clamping block (23) is misplaced with the clamping teeth (21), the positioning rod (22) is in sliding connection with the positioning sleeve (20), and when the positioning rod (22) rotates ninety degrees, the clamping block (23) is matched with the clamping teeth (21) and cannot slide between the positioning rod (22) and the positioning sleeve (20).
3. The experimental device for simulating a settlement mechanism of tunnels and overlying strata in a stratum with a variable dip angle according to claim 2, wherein the left end of the positioning rod (22) is rotationally connected with a right connecting sleeve (24), the left end of the right connecting sleeve (24) is longitudinally rotationally connected with the right side surface of the right inclined plate (11), and the right end of the right connecting sleeve (24) is rotationally connected with the left end surface of the positioning rod (22).
4. The experimental device for simulating a settlement mechanism of tunnels and overlying strata in a variable dip angle stratum according to claim 1, wherein a rotating rod (10) which is rotationally connected with the arc-shaped groove (9) is in sealed rotating connection with the arc-shaped groove (9), and an inclined plate (11) which is fixedly connected with the rotating rod (10) is in sealed sliding connection with a front baffle plate (7) and a rear baffle plate (8).
5. The experimental device for simulating a settlement mechanism of tunnels and overlying strata in a stratum with a variable dip angle according to claim 1, wherein the parallel rod (13) consists of a front parallel rod and a rear parallel rod, the left end of the front parallel rod is longitudinally and rotatably connected with the front end of the upper end face of the left inclined plate (11), the right end of the front parallel rod is longitudinally and rotatably connected with the front end of the upper end face of the right inclined plate (11), the left end of the rear parallel rod is longitudinally and rotatably connected with the rear end of the upper end face of the left inclined plate (11), the right end of the rear parallel rod is longitudinally and rotatably connected with the rear end of the upper end face of the inclined plate (11), the upper end faces of the front parallel rod and the rear parallel rod are always kept on the same plane, and the front side faces of the front parallel rod and the front side face of the rear parallel rod are parallel.
6. The experimental device for simulating settlement mechanisms of tunnels and overlying strata in a variable dip angle stratum according to claim 1, wherein the hydraulic jack (2) is positioned in a containing groove (25) formed in the right side of the upper end face of the supporting seat (1) downwards, the upper end of the hydraulic jack (2) is longitudinally and rotatably connected with the right side of the lower bottom face of the lower bottom plate (6), and the lower end of the hydraulic jack (2) is longitudinally and rotatably connected with the lower bottom face of the containing groove (25).
7. The experimental device for simulating the settlement mechanism of tunnels and overburden formations in a variable dip angle stratum according to claim 1, wherein tunnel excavation openings (26) are formed in the rear baffle (8).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111155200.0A CN114322924B (en) | 2021-09-29 | 2021-09-29 | Experimental device for simulating settlement mechanism of tunnel and overlying stratum in variable dip angle stratum |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111155200.0A CN114322924B (en) | 2021-09-29 | 2021-09-29 | Experimental device for simulating settlement mechanism of tunnel and overlying stratum in variable dip angle stratum |
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| CN114322924A CN114322924A (en) | 2022-04-12 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104596855A (en) * | 2015-01-09 | 2015-05-06 | 山东科技大学 | Physical similar simulation test device and physical similar simulation test method for tilted stratums |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN205176017U (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2016-04-20 | 河南理工大学 | A simulation modeling experiment device for tilted stratum |
| CN105424437A (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2016-03-23 | 中国矿业大学 | Mould for manufacturing three-dimensional compound rock stratum circular tunnel and using method thereof |
| CN105675319B (en) * | 2016-01-05 | 2018-01-23 | 西南交通大学 | Simulation tunnel passes through the displacement synchronous control device and test method of active fault |
| CN109946164B (en) * | 2019-03-11 | 2020-07-24 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Experiment platform and experiment method for simulating coal and rock catastrophe of coal mine stope |
| CN113281491B (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2022-03-22 | 中国海洋大学 | Slurry shield excavation face stable model test system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104596855A (en) * | 2015-01-09 | 2015-05-06 | 山东科技大学 | Physical similar simulation test device and physical similar simulation test method for tilted stratums |
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