CN114321932A - High-temperature pyrolysis device and method for household garbage - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a high-temperature pyrolysis device and method for household garbage, and relates to the technical field of environmental protection. The incinerator comprises an incinerator body, wherein the incinerator body comprises an incinerator cover, an incinerator body and an incinerator bottom, the incinerator bottom sequentially comprises a ash layer and a combustion layer from bottom to top, and the incinerator body sequentially comprises a pyrolysis layer, a drying layer and an original garbage layer from bottom to top; an ash outlet is arranged at the bottom of the ash layer, and a space is reserved between the lower part of the ash layer and the bottom of the incinerator; a combustion-supporting system is arranged on the combustion layer and communicated with the interior of the combustion layer; the furnace cover is provided with a feed inlet and a smoke outlet. According to the quantity of the garbage in the device, the size of the combustion-supporting system is controlled, the garbage pyrolysis speed can be regulated and controlled, the garbage automatically exists in 5 intervals in the equipment, pollutants are preliminarily treated through multiple filtering and adsorption actions of garbage layers, heat energy is fully utilized, the device runs in all weather, automatic pyrolysis is carried out for 24 hours under the condition of no need of external force, air exchange is naturally balanced, and 365-day uninterrupted running can be realized.

Description

High-temperature pyrolysis device and method for household garbage

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection, in particular to a high-temperature pyrolysis device and method for household garbage.

Background

The waste incineration is a common method for treating the waste, and the waste incineration method is one of the main methods for treating the urban waste because the waste is treated by the incineration method, the reduction effect is obvious, the land is saved, various pathogens can be killed, and toxic and harmful substances are converted into harmless substances. The waste incineration is a process of subjecting waste to oxidation at a high temperature by appropriate thermal decomposition, combustion, melting, or other reaction to reduce the volume of the waste to form a residue or a molten solid substance. The garbage incineration is generally carried out by adopting a garbage incinerator, the garbage is sent into the incinerator during the incineration, and the high-temperature incineration is carried out in the incinerator; after a large amount of garbage enters the incinerator, various garbage are mixed together, and the full combustion needs to be realized for a long time.

The waste gas that domestic waste pyrolysis discharged mainly comes from the produced flue gas of pyrolysis process, and its main pollutant is dust, hydrogen chloride (HCl), sulfur dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Oxide (NOX), carbon monoxide (CO), organic pollutant, dioxin and heavy metal etc. need the pyrolysis temperature of the interior rubbish of accurate control incinerator, and the pertinence decomposes harmful substance, and pollutant content is up to standard in the flue gas after the assurance is handled, can not cause harm in the emission environment.

The prior art of the garbage incinerator is that: the layered temperature control unpowered rural domestic garbage pyrolysis technology is mainly characterized in that garbage is not required to be sorted and transported, is directly poured into a garbage furnace, is free from generating garbage leachate, does not require auxiliary power in the combustion process, and mainly has the defects of nonuniform layering, uncontrollable temperature, uncontrollable combustion speed, trouble in ash discharge and the like.

Therefore, in view of the shortcomings of the prior art, it is desirable to provide a high temperature pyrolysis apparatus and method for household garbage, which can solve the problems of the background art.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a high-temperature household garbage pyrolysis device and a high-temperature household garbage pyrolysis method, which can provide a solution for the defects in the prior art, and have the characteristics of uniform garbage layering, primary treatment of pollutants through multiple filtration and adsorption of garbage layers and the like.

The embodiment of the invention provides a high-temperature pyrolysis device for household garbage, which comprises an incinerator, wherein the incinerator comprises a furnace cover, an incinerator body and an incinerator bottom, the incinerator bottom sequentially comprises a cinder layer and a combustion layer from bottom to top, and the incinerator body sequentially comprises a pyrolysis layer, a drying layer and an original garbage layer from bottom to top;

an ash outlet is formed in the bottom of the ash layer, and a space is formed between the lower part of the ash layer and the bottom of the incinerator;

a combustion-supporting system is arranged on the combustion layer and communicated with the interior of the combustion layer;

and a feed inlet and a smoke outlet are arranged on the furnace cover.

In some embodiments of the invention, a controller is provided outside the incinerator, and the controller is connected with the combustion-supporting system.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a temperature sensor is disposed in each of the combustion layer and the pyrolysis layer, and the temperature sensor is connected to the controller.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the combustion-supporting system includes a plurality of combustion-supporting air pipes, the combustion-supporting air pipes are disposed along the peripheral side of the combustion layer, a plurality of connecting pipes are uniformly distributed inside the combustion-supporting air pipes, and the connecting pipes penetrate through the side wall of the combustion layer and are communicated with the inside of the combustion layer.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the inner side wall of the furnace body is provided with a diversion trench along a vertical direction thereof.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the combustion layer and the ash layer are connected to each other to form an inverted circular truncated cone shape, and the ash layer is located below the combustion layer.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the sidewall of the combustion layer is further opened with a viewing port.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the side wall of the incinerator is composed of three layers, including a steel frame layer, an insulating layer and a fire-resistant layer in sequence from outside to inside.

In some embodiments of the invention, the cover is an upwardly convex arc.

The embodiment of the invention provides a high-temperature pyrolysis method for household garbage, which comprises the following steps:

supplying oxygen to the combustion layer through a combustion fan to ensure that the combustion layer is fully combusted; wherein the combustion speed of the combustion layer is controlled to be 3.3 +/-0.2 kg/min, and the combustion temperature is greater than 950 ℃;

the pyrolysis layer transfers heat through combustion heat and smoke generated by the combustion layer, and carbonizes the garbage in the pyrolysis layer to generate harmful substances; wherein the pyrolysis temperature of the pyrolysis layer is controlled to be 400-700 ℃, and the temperature of flue gas is less than or equal to 600 ℃;

the drying layer transfers heat through the smoke of the pyrolysis layer, dries the garbage in the drying layer and settles harmful substances in the pyrolysis layer;

the garbage of the original garbage layer slowly sinks along with the combustion of the garbage, and after the garbage and the smoke which moves upwards are subjected to heat exchange and adsorption, the smoke is discharged from the smoke outlet.

Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention has at least the following advantages or beneficial effects:

the invention can uniformly layer the garbage, and primarily treat pollutants through multiple filtration and adsorption actions of each garbage layer; the incinerator comprises an incinerator cover, an incinerator body and an incinerator bottom, wherein the incinerator bottom sequentially comprises a clinker layer and a combustion layer from bottom to top, and the incinerator body sequentially comprises a pyrolysis layer, a drying layer and an original garbage layer from bottom to top; an ash outlet is formed in the bottom of the ash layer, and a space is formed between the lower part of the ash layer and the bottom of the incinerator; a combustion-supporting system is arranged on the combustion layer and communicated with the interior of the combustion layer; and a feed inlet and a smoke outlet are arranged on the furnace cover. The invention realizes automatic layering after the household garbage is put into the incinerator and is divided into an ash layer, a combustion layer, a pyrolysis layer, a drying layer and an original garbage layer, by igniting the combustion-supporting substance at the bottom of the furnace body and supplying oxygen to the combustion layer through the combustion-supporting system arranged on the combustion layer, the garbage in the combustion layer is fully combusted, combustion heat and smoke are upwards transferred to the pyrolysis layer after the garbage in the combustion layer is combusted, the pyrolysis layer is rapidly heated to above 400 ℃, the temperature of the smoke is reduced to below 600 ℃, the garbage in the pyrolysis layer is pyrolyzed to generate harmful substances, then the smoke upwards moves to the drying layer, and when moisture in the household garbage is gasified into steam, also enables pollutants such as fly ash in the flue gas to be settled and adhered, finally the flue gas passes through the original garbage layer, performing final heat exchange, adsorption and other processes with the garbage in the original garbage layer to ensure that pollutants discharged by untreated flue gas are at a lower level; according to the quantity of the garbage in the device, the size of a combustion-supporting system is controlled, the garbage pyrolysis speed can be regulated and controlled, the garbage automatically exists in 5 intervals in the equipment, the garbage is sequentially treated by the structural characteristics of each layer in the equipment, and pollutants are preliminarily treated by multiple filtering and adsorbing actions of all garbage layers, so that heat energy is fully utilized and cannot be dissipated.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the internal structure of a high-temperature pyrolysis apparatus for domestic garbage according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the furnace lid according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a furnace body according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the furnace bottom according to the embodiment of the present invention.

Reference numerals: 1. a furnace cover; 2. a furnace body; 3. a furnace bottom; 4. a layer of ash; 5. a combustion layer; 6. a pyrolytic layer; 7. drying the layer; 8. an original garbage layer; 9. an ash outlet; 10. a feed inlet; 11. a smoke outlet; 12. a combustion-supporting air duct; 13. a diversion trench; 14. a viewing port; 15. a steel frame layer; 16. a heat-insulating layer; 17. a refractory layer.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.

Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, if the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or the orientations or positional relationships that the products of the present invention are usually placed in when used, the orientations or positional relationships are only used for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but the terms do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements indicated must have specific orientations, be constructed in specific orientations, and operate, and therefore, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

Furthermore, the terms "horizontal", "vertical", "overhang" and the like do not require that the components be absolutely horizontal or overhang, but may be slightly inclined. For example, "horizontal" merely means that the direction is more horizontal than "vertical" and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.

In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, "a plurality" represents at least 2.

In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be further noted that unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" should be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

Examples

Referring to fig. 1 to 4, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an internal structure of a domestic garbage high-temperature pyrolysis device according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the furnace lid according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a furnace body according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the construction of a furnace bottom according to an embodiment of the present invention;

the method specifically comprises the following steps: the incinerator comprises an incinerator cover 1, an incinerator body 2 and an incinerator bottom 3, wherein the incinerator bottom 3 sequentially comprises a ash layer 4 and a combustion layer 5 from bottom to top, and the incinerator body 2 sequentially comprises a pyrolysis layer 6, a drying layer 7 and an original garbage layer 8 from bottom to top;

an ash outlet 9 is arranged at the bottom of the ash layer 4, and a space is reserved between the lower part of the ash layer 4 and the bottom 3 of the incinerator;

a combustion-supporting system is arranged on the combustion layer 5 and is communicated with the interior of the combustion layer 5;

the furnace cover 1 is provided with a feed inlet 10 and a smoke outlet 11.

The invention can uniformly layer the garbage, and primarily treat pollutants through multiple filtration and adsorption actions of each garbage layer; the incinerator comprises an incinerator cover 1, an incinerator body 2 and an incinerator bottom 3, wherein the incinerator bottom 3 sequentially comprises a clinker layer 4 and a combustion layer 5 from bottom to top, and the incinerator body 2 sequentially comprises a pyrolysis layer 6, a drying layer 7 and an original garbage layer 8 from bottom to top; an ash outlet 9 is arranged at the bottom of the ash layer 4, and a space is reserved between the lower part of the ash layer 4 and the bottom 3 of the incinerator; a combustion-supporting system is arranged on the combustion layer 5 and is communicated with the interior of the combustion layer 5; the furnace cover 1 is provided with a feed inlet 10 and a smoke outlet 11. The household garbage incinerator is characterized in that the household garbage is put into the incinerator to be automatically layered and is divided into an ash layer 4, a combustion layer 5, a pyrolysis layer 6, a drying layer 7 and an original garbage layer 8, combustion-supporting substances are ignited at the bottom of the incinerator body 2, oxygen is supplied to the combustion layer 5 through a combustion-supporting system arranged on the combustion layer 5, the garbage in the combustion layer 5 is fully combusted, combustion heat and smoke are upwards transferred to the pyrolysis layer 6 after the garbage in the combustion layer 5 is combusted, the pyrolysis layer 6 is rapidly heated to above 400 ℃, the temperature of the smoke is reduced to below 600 ℃, the garbage in the pyrolysis layer 6 is pyrolyzed to generate harmful substances, then the smoke upwards moves to the drying layer 7, water in the household garbage is gasified into steam, meanwhile, pollutants such as fly ash in the smoke is settled and adhered, finally the smoke passes through the original garbage layer 8 and performs final heat exchange with the garbage in the original garbage layer 8, Adsorption and other processes ensure that pollutants discharged by untreated flue gas are at a lower level; according to the quantity of the garbage in the device, the size of a combustion-supporting system is controlled, the garbage pyrolysis speed can be regulated and controlled, the garbage automatically exists in 5 intervals in the equipment, the garbage is sequentially treated by the structural characteristics of each layer in the equipment, and pollutants are preliminarily treated by multiple filtering and adsorbing actions of all garbage layers, so that heat energy is fully utilized and cannot be dissipated.

Hereinafter, a high-temperature pyrolysis apparatus for household garbage according to the exemplary embodiment will be further described.

It should be noted that in the embodiment of the present application, the garbage is primarily classified before being thrown into the pyrolysis apparatus, so that toxic and harmful substances (such as hard polyvinyl chloride products, harmful garbage such as waste lamp tubes, batteries, pesticide bottles, and large rubber products such as waste tires) are removed, and the harmful substances are sorted out, thereby reducing pollution sources; according to the quantity of the incinerated garbage, the diameter and the volume of the incinerator are fully demonstrated and calculated, the size (the diameter and the height) of the incinerator is designed, the aperture of the feeding hole 10, the aperture and the height of the smoke outlet 11, the aperture of the ash outlet 9 and the like are designed, the pipe diameter and the height of a chimney are reasonable, the length is precisely calculated, the reasonable density design is combined with thermodynamic exchange and aerodynamic movement of internal energy, the automatic suction of the bottom micro negative pressure of external air and the automatic discharge of the micro positive pressure at the top of smoke are realized, the retention time of gas in the furnace body 2 can be prolonged, the heat is kept not easy to dissipate, and the garbage is continuously and stably pyrolyzed.

In an implementation manner in this embodiment, the incinerator includes a furnace cover 1, a furnace body 2 and a furnace bottom 3, the furnace bottom 3 sequentially includes an ash layer 4 and a combustion layer 5 from bottom to top, and the furnace body 2 sequentially includes a pyrolysis layer 6, a drying layer 7 and an original garbage layer 8 from bottom to top; the combustion layer 5 and the ash layer 4 are connected with each other to form an inverted round table shape, the ash layer 4 is positioned below the combustion layer 5, and the furnace cover 1 is provided with a feeding hole 10 and a smoke outlet 11.

In an implementation manner in this embodiment, a combustion-supporting system is disposed on the combustion layer 5, the combustion-supporting system is communicated with the inside of the combustion layer 5, as an example, the combustion-supporting system includes a plurality of combustion-supporting air ducts 12, the combustion-supporting air ducts 12 are disposed along the peripheral side of the combustion layer 5, a plurality of connecting pipes are uniformly distributed on the inner side of the combustion-supporting air ducts 12, the connecting pipes penetrate through the side wall of the combustion layer 5 and are communicated with the inside of the combustion layer 5, oxygen is supplied to the inside of the combustion layer 5 through the combustion-supporting air ducts 12, and sufficient combustion power is provided for the combustion of the garbage in the combustion layer 5.

In a specific embodiment, the effective volume in the incinerator is about 100 cubic meters (the diameter of the incinerator is 5.2 meters, the height is 5 meters), the pyrolysis amount of garbage per day is about 15 tons, the pyrolysis layer 6 is in an anoxic state for the household garbage in the whole incinerator body 2, but the household garbage in the aerobic combustion layer 5 is in a combustion state, the household garbage is fully combusted, and the combustion speed of the garbage is controlled by controlling the oxygen supply amount of the combustion-supporting air pipe 12, in the embodiment of the application, the combustion speed of the garbage is controlled to be 3.3kg/min, the combustion speed is matched with the size of the incinerator and the amount of the household garbage in the incinerator, the optimal combustion pyrolysis effect can be obtained, the temperature of the aerobic combustion layer 5 is above 950 ℃, and the thickness is about 15 cm; the high-temperature flue gas generated by the aerobic combustion layer 5 and the domestic garbage of the anoxic pyrolysis layer 6 are subjected to a rapid heat transfer process, one part is heat direct radiation, the other part is heat transfer of the flue gas and the garbage, the domestic garbage of the pyrolysis layer 6 is pyrolyzed to generate coke, tar and some combustible gas, because the combustion amount of the aerobic combustion layer 5 is very small, and the pyrolysis needs to absorb a large amount of heat, the pyrolysis layer 6 is rapidly heated to above 400 ℃, the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to below 600 ℃, a small amount of pyrolysis products directly enter the combustion layer 5 along with downward movement of the garbage, the temperature of the lower part of the pyrolysis layer 6 is about 700 ℃, the temperature of the upper part is about 400 ℃, and the thickness of a material layer is about 0.6 m; uncompressed garbage is loose and porous, hot flue gas at the temperature of about 600 ℃ can uniformly penetrate through the garbage at the drying layer 7, moisture in the household garbage is gasified into steam, meanwhile, sedimentation and adhesion of pollutants such as fly ash in the flue gas are facilitated, the temperature of the household garbage is raised from below 100 ℃ to above 200 ℃, the temperature of the flue gas is lowered from about 600 ℃ to 150 ℃, the thickness of a material layer is about 2.0m, a large amount of moisture in the garbage is evaporated under the high-temperature condition, the evaporated water vapor forms a strong water film from bottom to top, the rising pollutants are gathered and adsorbed by the water film, under the action of the water film, particles are expanded, accumulated and settled, and secondary pyrolysis treatment is carried out along with the garbage layer; 15 tons of domestic garbage are put in every day, if the domestic garbage is put in once, the thickness is about 1.5 meters, the domestic garbage of the original garbage layer 8 slowly sinks, and the processes of final heat exchange, adsorption and the like are carried out with the upward moving smoke, so that the pollutants discharged by the untreated smoke are ensured to be at a lower level.

In an embodiment of this embodiment, a controller is provided outside the incinerator, the controller is a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), the controller is connected to a combustion-supporting system, and temperature sensors are provided in the combustion layer 5 and the pyrolysis layer 6, respectively, and are connected to the controller; detect the temperature of burning layer 5 and pyrolysis layer 6 through temperature sensor, give the controller with detected signal transmission, the oxygen supply volume of the combustion-supporting tuber pipe 12 of controller control to control burning temperature and pyrolysis temperature.

In one embodiment of this embodiment, the bottom of the ash layer 4 is provided with an ash outlet 9, and a space is provided between the lower part of the ash layer 4 and the bottom 3 of the incinerator; the ash layer 4 can mainly prevent open fire from generating, so that external air can be slowly and uniformly diffused, the furnace bottom 3 can insulate heat and preserve heat, the temperature of the upper part is below 800 ℃, and the temperature of the bottom is about 100 ℃.

It should be noted that dioxin is a very strong carcinogen, and is generated in the presence of chlorine when hydrocarbons are burned, because the garbage contains a large amount of polyvinyl chloride plastics, the proportion of chlorine in the garbage is not low, the temperature for generating the dioxin is between 300 ℃ and 700 ℃, the aim of reducing the dioxin is achieved by greatly reducing particles in flue gas, and the dioxin is solid below about 300 ℃, exactly, is in a fine solid particle state or is attached to other particles, and can be reduced almost in proportion; therefore, in the process of incinerating the household garbage, the combustion temperature, the combustion speed and the combustion time need to be controlled, the temperature is kept to be above 850 ℃, the optimal temperature is 850-950 ℃, dioxin is completely decomposed in the pyrolysis process, and sufficient high-temperature retention time is ensured, which is generally required to be above 2 s; the oxygen content at the outlet of the hearth is kept between 6 and 10 percent; in the flue gas treatment process, the retention time of a temperature region of 250-800 ℃, particularly 300-500 ℃ is shortened as much as possible, the flue gas temperature in front of a dust remover is reduced, and the dioxin is prevented from being generated again.

In a specific embodiment, the combustion speed of the garbage is controlled by a combustion-supporting system, the combustion amount of the garbage can be controlled, 15 tons of garbage are pyrolyzed in a fast time day, 5 tons of garbage are pyrolyzed in a slow time day, less ash and slag of the equipment are taken when the garbage amount is insufficient, the combustion-supporting system is closed, the air inlet amount is reduced, and the temperature in the equipment is kept at about 700 ℃; the ash discharging speed can be determined according to the incineration amount of the garbage (about 25KG ash is produced per T of the garbage) and the ash discharging condition every day, the equipment ash is taken frequently when the garbage amount is large, the ash discharging is mainly manual ash discharging, the aim of discharging white ash is fulfilled, if black carbon appears in the ash discharging process, the ash discharging is stopped when a Mars shows that an ash layer is close to a combustion layer 5, a combustion-supporting system is started to increase the air inlet amount, and the pyrolysis temperature in the equipment is rapidly increased to be more than 850 ℃; when the pyrolysis temperature of the combustion layer 5 of the incinerator reaches below 850 ℃, the temperature sensor immediately transmits a signal to the PLC controller, the combustion-supporting oxygen supply fan is automatically started to increase the air inlet amount, the pyrolysis temperature in the equipment is rapidly increased to be above 850 ℃, otherwise, when the pyrolysis temperature of the combustion layer 5 of the incinerator reaches above 950 ℃, the temperature sensor immediately transmits a signal to the PLC controller, the combustion-supporting oxygen supply fan is automatically closed to reduce the air inlet amount, the pyrolysis temperature in the equipment is kept to be above 850 ℃, harmful substances in garbage, such as dioxin, can be fully pyrolyzed in the pyrolysis layer 6, so that the harmful substances are settled and absorbed after reaching the drying layer 7, stink is not generated, the pyrolysis temperature is controlled to be above 850 ℃, and ammonia and organic waste gas are effectively pyrolyzed and deodorized.

In one embodiment of this embodiment, the side wall of the incinerator is formed of three layers, including a steel frame layer 15, an insulating layer 16 and a fire-resistant layer 17. Specifically, the main body adopts a carbon steel anti-corrosion steel frame module component structure, so that the stability is strong; the heat preservation 16 adopts low heat conductivity, low thermal capacity, the high ceramic fiber board of high temperature resistant compressive strength, and flame retardant coating 17 adopts low heat conductivity, low thermal capacity, aggregate and the powder that high temperature resistant compressive strength is high, ensures that furnace body 2 wholeness can be good, long service life, through above-mentioned structural design, makes to burn burning furnace bearable 20 ~ 25 tons, high temperature non-deformable, simple structure, and the construction installation is easy, long service life.

In an implementation manner of this embodiment, the inner side wall of the furnace body 2 is provided with a guiding gutter 13 along a vertical direction thereof, the guiding gutter 13 is a plurality of strip-shaped gutters, the guiding gutter 13 is uniformly distributed on the inner side wall of the furnace body 2 at intervals, that is, on the inner side wall of the refractory layer 17, and the guiding gutter 13 can better transfer heat.

In one embodiment of this embodiment, the sidewall of the combustion layer 5 is further opened with a viewing port 14; the observation port 14 is convenient for observing the combustion condition in the combustion layer 5 and manual intervention.

In an implementation manner in this embodiment, the furnace cover 1 is an arc shape protruding upwards, a large amount of hot air can be generated in the drying layer 7, after the hot air rises to a certain degree, the hot air is blocked by the dome of the arc furnace cover 1, most of water vapor rolls and circles around in the dome, the collision adsorption principle is fully utilized, so that the rising pollutants are continuously gathered and automatically settle downwards, the escape of the pollutants is inhibited, and only a small part of smoke is discharged to a chimney.

In an embodiment of the present application, there is also provided a method of the household garbage high-temperature pyrolysis apparatus as described above, including the following steps:

s110, supplying oxygen to the combustion layer 5 through a combustion fan to enable the combustion layer 5 to be fully combusted; wherein, the burning speed of the burning layer 5 is controlled to be 3.3 plus or minus 0.2kg/min, and the burning temperature is more than 950 ℃;

s120, the pyrolysis layer 6 conducts heat through combustion heat and smoke generated by the combustion layer 5, and the garbage in the pyrolysis layer 6 is carbonized to generate harmful substances; wherein the pyrolysis temperature of the pyrolysis layer 6 is controlled to be 400-700 ℃, and the temperature of flue gas is less than or equal to 600 ℃;

s130, the drying layer 7 conducts heat through the flue gas of the pyrolysis layer 6, the garbage in the drying layer 7 is dried, and harmful substances in the pyrolysis layer 6 are settled;

s140, the garbage in the original garbage layer 8 slowly sinks along with the burning of the garbage, and after the garbage and the smoke which moves upwards are subjected to heat exchange and adsorption, the smoke is discharged from the smoke outlet 11.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The high-temperature household garbage pyrolysis device is characterized by comprising an incinerator, wherein the incinerator comprises an incinerator cover, an incinerator body and an incinerator bottom, the incinerator bottom sequentially comprises a cinder layer and a combustion layer from bottom to top, and the incinerator body sequentially comprises a pyrolysis layer, a drying layer and an original garbage layer from bottom to top;

an ash outlet is formed in the bottom of the ash layer, and a space is formed between the lower part of the ash layer and the bottom of the incinerator;

a combustion-supporting system is arranged on the combustion layer and communicated with the interior of the combustion layer;

and a feed inlet and a smoke outlet are arranged on the furnace cover.

2. The high-temperature household garbage pyrolysis device according to claim 1, wherein a controller is arranged outside the incinerator and is connected with the combustion-supporting system.

3. The high-temperature household garbage pyrolysis device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the combustion layer and the pyrolysis layer are respectively provided with a temperature sensor, and the temperature sensors are connected with the controller.

4. The high-temperature household garbage pyrolysis device according to claim 1, wherein the combustion-supporting system comprises a plurality of combustion-supporting air pipes, the combustion-supporting air pipes are arranged along the periphery of the combustion layer, a plurality of connecting pipes are uniformly distributed on the inner sides of the combustion-supporting air pipes, and the connecting pipes penetrate through the side wall of the combustion layer and are communicated with the inside of the combustion layer.

5. The high-temperature household garbage pyrolysis device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inner side wall of the furnace body is provided with a flow guide groove along the vertical direction.

6. The high-temperature household garbage pyrolysis device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the combustion layer and the ash layer are connected with each other to form an inverted circular truncated cone shape, and the ash layer is located below the combustion layer.

7. The high-temperature household garbage pyrolysis device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the side wall of the combustion layer is further provided with an observation port.

8. The high-temperature household garbage pyrolysis device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the side wall of the incinerator is of a three-layer structure comprising a steel frame layer, an insulating layer and a fire-resistant layer from outside to inside.

9. The high-temperature household garbage pyrolysis device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the furnace cover is an arc shape protruding upwards.

10. The pyrolysis method of a high-temperature pyrolysis device for household garbage according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by comprising the following steps:

supplying oxygen to the combustion layer through a combustion fan to ensure that the combustion layer is fully combusted; wherein the combustion speed of the combustion layer is controlled to be 3.3 +/-0.2 kg/min, and the combustion temperature is greater than 950 ℃;

the pyrolysis layer transfers heat through combustion heat and smoke generated by the combustion layer, and carbonizes the garbage in the pyrolysis layer to generate harmful substances; wherein the pyrolysis temperature of the pyrolysis layer is controlled to be 400-700 ℃, and the temperature of flue gas is less than or equal to 600 ℃;

the drying layer transfers heat through the smoke of the pyrolysis layer, dries the garbage in the drying layer and settles harmful substances in the pyrolysis layer;

the garbage of the original garbage layer slowly sinks along with the combustion of the garbage, and after the garbage and the smoke which moves upwards are subjected to heat exchange and adsorption, the smoke is discharged from the smoke outlet.

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