CN114320271A - Method for adjusting injection and production well network of continental facies heavy oil reservoir based on displacement pressure gradient - Google Patents
Method for adjusting injection and production well network of continental facies heavy oil reservoir based on displacement pressure gradient Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for adjusting a continental facies heavy oil reservoir injection-production well network based on a displacement pressure gradient, which comprises the steps of determining a mobility range of a target oil field starting pressure gradient; analyzing the influence on the oil displacement efficiency under different displacement pressure gradients; analyzing the relation between the oil displacement efficiency and the displacement pressure gradient; establishing a well type, well spacing and well pattern fused three-dimensional injection-production well pattern displacement pressure gradient function calculation formula; providing a water-containing calculation formula of the oil displacement efficiency of the three-dimensional injection and production well pattern, which aims at maximizing the oil displacement efficiency and integrates the well type, the well spacing and the well pattern; respectively making relation curve charts of the displacement pressure gradient and the injection-production well spacing, the displacement efficiency and the injection-production well spacing in different well types, and guiding the optimization design of the well type, the well spacing and the well pattern; the well type comprises a directional well, a directional well combined horizontal well and a horizontal well. The invention can greatly improve the water-drive recovery ratio, guide the development, adjustment, research and implementation of the continental-phase thickened oil field, and further develop and enrich the efficient development technology system of the continental-phase thickened oil field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oilfield development, in particular to a method for adjusting a continental facies heavy oil reservoir injection and production well network based on a displacement pressure gradient, which is used for improving the development effect of the continental facies heavy oil reservoir and is suitable for developing an oilfield by flooding the continental facies heavy oil.
Background
The Bohai sea land-phase heavy oil reservoir is mainly deposited by a delta river phase and a river phase, the average reservoir permeability is 3000mD, and the average underground crude oil viscosity is 200mPa & s. In the initial stage, a directional well reverse nine-point well pattern is adopted for development, the injection-production well spacing is 360m, the problems of rapid water content rise, large yield decrease and the like are gradually exposed in the middle-high water content period, and development adjustment is urgently needed to improve the development effect.
At present, a land-phase heavy oil field injection and production well network adjusting method is generally carried out according to results such as reservoir delineation, residual oil description and the like, the method is integrated with multiple professional research results, has strong comprehensiveness, field property and experience, lacks of method and theoretical guidance, and does not consider the difference between a heavy oil reservoir and a conventional reservoir, namely, the heavy oil has a starting pressure gradient and the influence on the oil displacement efficiency, so that a reasonable displacement pressure gradient is not formed in the reservoir, the pressure of a displacement front edge of a partial region is not high enough, the starting pressure gradient of the heavy oil cannot be overcome, the oil displacement efficiency is low, and the residual oil is more; or the pressure of the displacement front edge of a partial area is too high and is far larger than the thick oil starting pressure gradient, although the local oil displacement efficiency is higher, a channeling channel is easy to form, ineffective water circulation is generated between injection and production, and the water drive development effect is poor.
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, a method for adjusting an injection and production well network of a continental facies heavy oil reservoir based on a displacement pressure gradient is provided, the influences of the reservoir starting pressure gradient and different displacement pressure gradients on the oil displacement efficiency are analyzed from the reservoir physical properties and fluid properties of a target oil field, the oil displacement efficiency is maximized, and a three-dimensional injection and production well network adjusting method integrating well type, well spacing and well network is established to guide the development, adjustment, research and implementation of the continental facies heavy oil field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a method for adjusting an injection and production well network of a continental facies heavy oil reservoir based on a displacement pressure gradient.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for adjusting a continental facies heavy oil reservoir injection-production well network based on a displacement pressure gradient comprises the following specific steps:
step 2, developing a water flooding indoor experiment, and analyzing the experimental values dp of different displacement pressure gradientsL1To oil displacement efficiency ED1The influence of (a);
step 3, based on the experimental results obtained in the steps 1 and 2, establishing an oil-water two-phase dynamic pore network simulation model by using the digital core of the target oil field, and analyzing the oil displacement efficiency ED2And displacement pressure gradient values dpL2The relationship of (1);
step 4, by utilizing a superposition principle of a reset potential theory and a potential, a five-point well pattern consisting of 1 water injection well and 4 production wells is taken as a research object, a displacement pressure gradient function dp (x, y) of a certain point in an oil layer is obtained, and a calculation formula of the displacement pressure gradient function dp (x, y) of the three-dimensional injection and production well pattern with well type, well spacing and well pattern integrated is established;
step 6, utilizing a calculation formula of a displacement pressure gradient function dp (x, y) of the three-dimensional injection-production well pattern in the step 4 and an oil displacement efficiency function E of the three-dimensional injection-production well pattern in the step 5D(x, y) a calculation formula, wherein the injection-production well spacing is used as a horizontal coordinate, the displacement pressure gradient and the oil displacement efficiency are used as a vertical coordinate, and a graph plate of the relationship curve between the displacement pressure gradient and the injection-production well spacing, and between the oil displacement efficiency and the injection-production well spacing in different well types is made respectively to guide the optimization design of the well type, the well spacing and the well pattern; the well type comprises a directional well, a directional well combined horizontal well and a horizontal well.
Further, in step 1, the step of determining the mobility range where the target oilfield starting pressure gradient exists refers to finding mobility threshold values where the starting pressure gradient exists and does not exist by carrying out indoor experiments of starting pressure gradients in the mobility range of the target oilfield, and performing regression analysis on a plurality of groups of starting pressure gradients and mobility experimental values to obtain the relationship between the starting pressure gradient lambda and the mobility K/mu.
Further, in the step 3, an oil-water two-phase dynamic pore network simulation model is established, dynamic changes of the starting pressure and the water film conductivity are considered in oil-water micro-seepage, and different displacement pressure gradients dp in the range of K/mu of fluidity of the target oil field are researchedL2The microcosmic flow mechanism, migration rule, displacement form and dynamic change rule of the heavy oil in the porous medium reveal the microcosmic oil displacement efficiency E of the target oil fieldD2And displacement pressure gradient dpL2In relation to (E), i.e. ED2＝Lg(K/μ)×(dpL2)nK refers to permeability and μ refers to formation crude oil viscosity, where n is a constant that can be determined by regression analysis of multiple simulated data points.
Further, in step 4, the displacement pressure gradient function dp (x, y) of the solid injection-production well pattern is calculated as follows:
in the formula: eD-oil displacement efficiency,%; dP (x, y) -displacement pressure gradient, MPa/m; q-yield, m3D; K-Permeability, 10-3μm2(ii) a h-oil layer thickness, m; mu-formation crude oil viscosity, mPa.s; r ise-drainage radius, m; r isw-wellbore radius, m; s-epidermal coefficient, constant; psi-interval between injection and production wells, m; l is half of the length of the horizontal section of the horizontal well, and m is the length of the horizontal section; a, producing well type constant, wherein 0 represents a directional well and 1 represents a horizontal well; b, water injection well type constant, 0 represents a directional well, and 1 represents a horizontal well.
Further, in step 5, the displacement pressure gradient dp (x, y) obtained in step 4 is substituted for the displacement pressure gradient dp in step 3L2Obtaining a displacement efficiency function E of a certain point in the oil layerD(x, y) calculation formula ED(x,y)＝Lg(K/μ)×[dp(x,y)]nThe reasonable well type, well pattern and injection-production well spacing can be optimized according to the physical properties and fluid properties of the reservoir of the target oil field by utilizing the calculation formula so as to improve the oil displacement efficiency and the water displacement recovery ratio of the oil reservoir.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention starts from the reservoir physical properties and fluid properties of a target oil field, analyzes the influence of the starting pressure gradient of the oil reservoir and different displacement pressure gradients on the oil displacement efficiency, and establishes a three-dimensional injection-production well network adjusting method integrating well types, well distances and well networks with the aim of maximizing the oil displacement efficiency, thereby not only improving the water displacement sweep efficiency, but also improving the oil displacement efficiency, greatly improving the water displacement recovery ratio, further developing and enriching the high-efficiency development technical system of the continental-phase heavy oil field, providing technical support and theoretical guidance for the design of the continental-phase heavy oil reservoir well network, and being suitable for developing the oil field by water injection of the continental-phase heavy oil. The method guides development and adjustment research and implementation of high water-cut periods in 16 offshore land-phase heavy oil fields such as 32-6 Qinhuang island and 36-1 Suizhong, the directional well reverse nine-point well pattern is adjusted into a horizontal well combined directional well five-point well pattern, the injection and production well distance is adjusted from 350-400 m to 220-260 m, the reservoir displacement pressure gradient is improved by 1.2-1.6 times, the water flooding sweep coefficient is improved by 30-40%, and the oil flooding efficiency is improved by 20-30%. 989 development wells are implemented in total since twelve five wells, the horizontal well accounts for more than 60%, the average single well yield of a new well is 60-80 tons/day, and is 2-3.0 times that of an old well; the new well contains 20-40% of water in average single well initial period, and the old well contains 80-90% of water. Through development and adjustment, the oil extraction speed of a main oil field is improved from 1.3% to 2.3%, the average annual oil production is increased by 600 ten thousand tons, the water drive recovery rate is improved from 24.5% to 38.6%, high-speed and high-efficiency development in a medium-high water-cut period is realized, an important contribution is made to the 2010 production of 3000 ten thousand tons and continuous stable production of the Bohai sea oil field, and experience is provided for similar oil field development and adjustment.
2. The method is used for increasing the reservoir displacement pressure gradient based on the injection-production well pattern optimization so as to improve the oil displacement efficiency, and is also suitable for increasing the reservoir displacement pressure gradient based on the injection-production parameter optimization, namely the combination of the optimization of water injection and the adjustment of a liquid production structure so as to improve the development effect of the oil field in the medium-high water cut period. Since thirteen five days, the Bohai sea dominant oil field gradually enters a double-high stage, and the development of enhanced water drive and yield increase and potential excavation is urgently needed to realize continuous stable production. The method guides more than 20 oil fields such as 36-1 in Suzhong, 32-6 in Qin King island, 28-2 south in Bohai, 25-1 south in Bohai and the like to integrally improve water drive measures for nearly 4000 well times, greatly improves the displacement pressure gradient and the displacement efficiency of various longitudinal oil layers and plane directions, powerfully ensures the high-efficiency development of the 'double-high' oil field, improves the water drive development effect, reduces the natural decrement rate from 13.5% to 10.8%, reduces the water content increase rate from 1.9% to 1.3%, further enriches the high-efficiency development technical system of the 'double-high' stage of the offshore oil field, and has higher popularization value in similar oil fields.
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FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the starting pressure gradient and the mobility of the oil field in Qinhuang island 32-6 according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing a relationship between water content and oil displacement efficiency at different flow rates of an oilfield core in Qinhuang island 32-6 according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing a relationship between displacement efficiency and displacement pressure gradient in different displacement pressure gradients in an oil field of Qinhuang island 32-6 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5a to 5c are schematic diagrams of adjustment well patterns of a directional well five-point well pattern, a directional well combined horizontal well five-point well pattern and a horizontal well five-point well pattern in the oil field of the qinhuang island 32-6 according to the embodiment of the present invention, respectively;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the pressure gradient and the injection-production well spacing in the Qinhuang island 32-6 oil field according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the oil displacement efficiency and the injection-production well spacing in the oil field of Qinhuang island 32-6 according to the embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8a is a schematic diagram of a directional well inverse nine-point well pattern before adjustment, and fig. 8b is a schematic diagram of a directional well combined horizontal well five-point well pattern after adjustment.
Detailed Description
The key of the land-phase heavy oil reservoir injection-production well network adjusting method based on the displacement pressure gradient is to determine the starting pressure gradient of a target oil field and the influence rule of the starting pressure gradient on the oil displacement efficiency, and establish a three-dimensional injection-production well network oil displacement efficiency calculation formula which takes the oil displacement efficiency as the maximum target and integrates the well type, the well spacing and the well network. For better understanding of the contents, features and effects of the present invention, the following embodiments are exemplified and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein the specific process is shown in fig. 1:
taking an offshore Qinhuang island 32-6 oil field as an example, the reservoir of the oil field is in fluvial facies deposition, the permeability of the reservoir is 126-3200 mD, and the average permeability is 3000 mD; the viscosity of the formation crude oil is 78-260 mPas, and the average viscosity is 200 mPas. In the initial stage, a directional well reverse nine-point well pattern is adopted for development, the injection-production well spacing is 320-400 m, the average is 360m, and the production is put into operation in 10 months in 2001. Under the condition of basic well pattern development, the predicted recovery ratio is only 21.6%, and development and adjustment are urgently needed to improve the development effect of the oil field.
step 2, selecting a group of rock cores, measuring gas permeability of 3000mD of the rock cores, configuring simulated oil viscosity of 164mPa & s, and measuring displacement speed (displacement pressure gradient dp)L1) Oil displacement efficiencies E of 0.4ml/min, 0.7ml/min, 1.0ml/min and 1.3ml/min respectivelyD1Analyzing different displacement speeds (equivalent to different displacement pressure gradients dp)L1) To oil displacement efficiency ED1Influence relationship, as shown in FIG. 3;
step 3, establishing an oil-water two-phase dynamic pore network simulation model based on the target oil field digital core, developing simulation researches on displacement pressure gradients of 0.003MPa/m, 0.004MPa/m, 0.005MPa/m, 0.007MPa/m, 0.009MPa/m, 0.010MPa/m, 0.012MPa/m, 0.015MPa/m, 0.020MPa/m and 0.030MPa/m respectively, and analyzing the microcosmic oil displacement efficiency ED2And displacement pressure gradient dpL2The relationship of (1), as shown in FIG. 4; and regressing a relational expression of the oil displacement efficiency, the target oilfield fluidity and the displacement pressure gradient, namely ED2＝Lg(K/μ)×(dpL2)0.17. Pore network simulation is the idealized idealization of complex porous media into interconnected pore networks, based on statistical physicsThe percolation theory and the micro seepage physics are different from the conventional numerical simulation which adopts a discretization numerical method to solve the continuous medium to simulate the micro flow mechanism and the migration rule of the fluid in the porous medium.
Step 4, by using a principle of superposition of a reset potential theory and a potential, taking a five-point well pattern consisting of 1 water injection well and 4 production wells as a research object, as shown in fig. 5a to 5c, solving a displacement pressure gradient function dp (x, y) at a certain point in an oil layer, and establishing a calculation formula of the displacement pressure gradient function dp (x, y) of the three-dimensional injection and production well pattern with well type, well spacing and well pattern fused:
in the formula: eD-oil displacement efficiency,%; dP (x, y) -displacement pressure gradient, MPa/m; q-yield, m3D; K-Permeability, 10-3μm2(ii) a h-oil layer thickness, m; mu-formation crude oil viscosity, mPa.s; r ise-drainage radius, m; r isw-wellbore radius, m; s-epidermal coefficient, constant; psi-interval between injection and production wells, m; l is half of the length of the horizontal section of the horizontal well, and m is the length of the horizontal section; a, producing well type constant, wherein 0 represents a directional well and 1 represents a horizontal well; b, water injection well type constant, 0 represents a directional well, and 1 represents a horizontal well.
and 6, according to the three-dimensional injection-production well pattern displacement pressure gradient calculation formula in the step 4 and the three-dimensional injection-production well pattern oil displacement efficiency calculation formula in the step 5, taking the injection-production well distance as a horizontal coordinate and taking the displacement pressure gradient and the oil displacement efficiency as a vertical coordinate, making curve charts of relations between the displacement pressure gradient and the injection-production well distance, between the oil displacement efficiency and the injection-production well distance when different well types (directional wells, directional well combined horizontal wells and horizontal wells) are made, as shown in fig. 6 and 7.
As can be seen from fig. 6 and 7: (1) the displacement pressure gradient can be improved by reducing the injection-production well spacing, so that the oil displacement efficiency is improved. When the injection-production well spacing is more than 500m, the oil reservoir pressure gradient is less than 0.005MPa/m, the starting pressure is not overcome, the porous medium mainly adopts water film flow, and the filling proportion of the piston and the pore body is small, so the oil displacement efficiency is less than 60.0%. When the injection-production well spacing is gradually reduced from 500m to 200m, the displacement pressure gradient is increased to 0.00892MPa, the starting pressure is completely overcome, and the oil displacement efficiency reaches 65.6% mainly by piston type displacement. (2) Compared with a directional well, the horizontal well can improve the displacement pressure gradient by 35-40% so as to improve the oil displacement efficiency by 5.0% -6.0%, and therefore, the horizontal well pattern of the offshore heavy oil reservoir is optimal, and then the directional well and the horizontal well are combined. (3) Under the condition of certain well pattern and well spacing, when the skin coefficient is 0, 5 and 10, the difference between the displacement pressure gradient and the oil displacement efficiency is large, so that the displacement pressure displacement can be improved by improving the perfection degree of a shaft, and the oil displacement efficiency is improved. Combining the analysis, determining that the Qinhuang island 32-6 development and adjustment strategy is a directional well combined horizontal well injection and production well pattern by combining the directional well inverse nine-point well pattern adopted in the early stage of the Qinhuang island 32-6 oil field, and adjusting the injection and production well distance from 360m to 220m, as shown in fig. 8a and 8 b. The development of the Qinhuang island 32-6 oil field is adjusted to be implemented in 6 months in 2013, the development is completely completed in 7 months in 2015, 124 horizontal wells are implemented in total, and the average oil production per well in the initial stage is 65m3(ii)/d, which is 3 times of the old well; the initial water content was 22%, and the water content of the old well was 86%. Through development and adjustment, the comprehensive water content of the Qinhuang island 32-6 oil field is reduced to 79% from 88%, the oil recovery speed is increased to 2.1% from 0.8%, and the recovery rate is increased to 35.6% from 21.6%.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. The foregoing description of the specific embodiments is intended to describe and illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and the above specific embodiments are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many changes and modifications to the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A method for adjusting a land-phase heavy oil reservoir injection-production well network based on a displacement pressure gradient is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step 1, developing an indoor experiment of starting pressure gradient according to the physical property and the fluid property of a reservoir stratum of a target oil field, analyzing the relation between the starting pressure gradient lambda and the fluidity K/mu, and determining the fluidity range of the starting pressure gradient of the target oil field;
step 2, developing a water flooding indoor experiment, and analyzing the experimental values dp of different displacement pressure gradientsL1To oil displacement efficiency ED1The influence of (a);
step 3, based on the experimental results obtained in the steps 1 and 2, establishing an oil-water two-phase dynamic pore network simulation model by using the digital core of the target oil field, and analyzing the oil displacement efficiency ED2And displacement pressure gradient values dpL2The relationship of (1);
step 4, by utilizing a superposition principle of a reset potential theory and a potential, a five-point well pattern consisting of 1 water injection well and 4 production wells is taken as a research object, a displacement pressure gradient function dp (x, y) of a certain point in an oil layer is obtained, and a calculation formula of the displacement pressure gradient function dp (x, y) of the three-dimensional injection and production well pattern with well type, well spacing and well pattern integrated is established;
step 5, combining the steps 3 and 4 to obtain a displacement efficiency function E of a certain point in the oil layerD(x, y) calculation formula, and provides a three-dimensional injection-production well pattern oil displacement efficiency function E which aims at maximizing oil displacement efficiency and integrates well type, well spacing and well patternD(x, y) calculation formula;
step 6, utilizing a calculation formula of a displacement pressure gradient function dp (x, y) of the three-dimensional injection-production well pattern in the step 4 and an oil displacement efficiency function E of the three-dimensional injection-production well pattern in the step 5D(x, y) calculation formula, using injection-production well spacing as horizontal coordinate and using displacement pressure gradient and oil displacement efficiency as vertical coordinate, respectively making displacement pressure gradient and injection-production well spacing, oil displacement efficiency and injection-production well spacing for different well typesA well spacing relation curve chart is used for guiding the optimization design of the well type, the well spacing and the well pattern; the well type comprises a directional well, a directional well combined horizontal well and a horizontal well.
2. The method for adjusting the injection and production well network of the continental facies heavy oil reservoir based on the displacement pressure gradient as recited in claim 1, wherein the step 1 of determining the mobility range in which the starting pressure gradient of the target oil field exists means that the mobility threshold value of the starting pressure gradient existing or nonexistent is found by carrying out indoor experiments of the starting pressure gradient in the mobility range of the target oil field, and the relation between the starting pressure gradient lambda and the mobility K/mu is obtained by regression analysis of a plurality of groups of experimental values of the starting pressure gradient and the mobility.
3. The method for adjusting the injection and production well network of the land-phase heavy oil reservoir based on the displacement pressure gradient as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 3, an oil-water two-phase dynamic pore network simulation model is established, dynamic changes of the starting pressure and the water film conductivity are considered in oil-water micro-seepage, and different displacement pressure gradients dp in the K/mu range of the mobility of the target oil field are researchedL2The microcosmic flow mechanism, migration rule, displacement form and dynamic change rule of the heavy oil in the porous medium reveal the microcosmic oil displacement efficiency E of the target oil fieldD2And displacement pressure gradient dpL2In relation to (E), i.e. ED2＝Lg(K/μ)×(dpL2)nK refers to permeability and μ refers to formation crude oil viscosity, where n is a constant that can be determined by regression analysis of multiple simulated data points.
4. The method for adjusting the injection-production well pattern of the continental facies heavy oil reservoir based on the displacement pressure gradient is characterized in that in the step 4, a displacement pressure gradient function dp (x, y) of the stereoscopic injection-production well pattern is calculated as follows:
in the formula: eD-oil displacement efficiency,%;dP (x, y) -displacement pressure gradient, MPa/m; q-yield, m3D; K-Permeability, 10-3μm2(ii) a h-oil layer thickness, m; mu-formation crude oil viscosity, mPa.s; r ise-drainage radius, m; r isw-wellbore radius, m; s-epidermal coefficient, constant; psi-interval between injection and production wells, m; l is half of the length of the horizontal section of the horizontal well, and m is the length of the horizontal section; a, producing well type constant, wherein 0 represents a directional well and 1 represents a horizontal well; b, water injection well type constant, 0 represents a directional well, and 1 represents a horizontal well.
5. The method for adjusting the injection and production well network of the continental facies thickened oil reservoir based on the displacement pressure gradient as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 5, the displacement pressure gradient function dp (x, y) obtained in step 4 is used to replace the displacement pressure gradient dp in step 3L2Obtaining a displacement efficiency function E of a certain point in the oil layerD(x, y) calculation formula ED(x,y)＝Lg(K/μ)×[dp(x,y)]nThe reasonable well type, well pattern and injection-production well spacing can be optimized according to the physical properties and fluid properties of the reservoir of the target oil field by utilizing the calculation formula so as to improve the oil displacement efficiency and the water displacement recovery ratio of the oil reservoir.
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