CN114316468A - High-toughness polyvinyl chloride sheet - Google Patents
High-toughness polyvinyl chloride sheet Download PDFInfo
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- CN114316468A CN114316468A CN202111621973.3A CN202111621973A CN114316468A CN 114316468 A CN114316468 A CN 114316468A CN 202111621973 A CN202111621973 A CN 202111621973A CN 114316468 A CN114316468 A CN 114316468A
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- Prior art keywords
- polyvinyl chloride
- chloride sheet
- toughness
- rolling
- raw materials
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000012760 heat stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 claims abstract 2
- -1 di (2-ethyl) hexyl terephthalate Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000008116 calcium stearate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000013539 calcium stearate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000021388 linseed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000944 linseed oil Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- LRQGFQDEQPZDQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Phenyl-1,3-eicosanedione Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LRQGFQDEQPZDQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013873 oxidized polyethylene wax Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004209 oxidized polyethylene wax Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-monostearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NKFIBMOQAPEKNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-amino-1h-indole-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound NC1=CC=C2NC(C(O)=O)=CC2=C1 NKFIBMOQAPEKNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OEOIWYCWCDBOPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-methyl-heptanoic acid Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCC(O)=O OEOIWYCWCDBOPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FBEKWOCPHIOZKE-UHFFFAOYSA-L CCCCCCC(C)(C)C(=O)O[Ca]OC(=O)C(C)(C)CCCCCC Chemical compound CCCCCCC(C)(C)C(=O)O[Ca]OC(=O)C(C)(C)CCCCCC FBEKWOCPHIOZKE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- HBGGXOJOCNVPFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N diisononyl phthalate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCC(C)C HBGGXOJOCNVPFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940075529 glyceryl stearate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- LNYCJZRLMAMTQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioctyl 2-hydroxy-4-oxopentane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)CC(O)(C(=O)OCCCCCCCC)C(C(C)=O)C(=O)OCCCCCCCC LNYCJZRLMAMTQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QZCLKYGREBVARF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetyl tributyl citrate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CC(C(=O)OCCCC)(OC(C)=O)CC(=O)OCCCC QZCLKYGREBVARF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZFMQKOWCDKKBIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(3,5-difluorophenyl)phosphane Chemical compound FC1=CC(F)=CC(PC=2C=C(F)C=C(F)C=2)=C1 ZFMQKOWCDKKBIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MIMDHDXOBDPUQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctyl decanedioate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCCCCCC MIMDHDXOBDPUQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000003017 thermal stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-IGMARMGPSA-N Calcium-40 Chemical compound [40Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NXQQDKIJZSMOGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;octadecyl octadecanoate Chemical group [Ca].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC NXQQDKIJZSMOGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002649 leather substitute Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of high polymer materials, and particularly relates to a high-toughness polyvinyl chloride sheet. The high-toughness polyvinyl chloride sheet provided by the invention is prepared by extruding and rolling a mixture containing polyvinyl chloride; the mixture comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 22-35% of plasticizer; 0.8 to 2.2 percent of tensile fiber; 0.3 to 1.5 percent of heat stabilizer; 0.1 to 0.2 percent of lubricant; 3-8% of nitrile rubber; the balance of polyvinyl chloride. Compared with the prior art, the high-toughness polyvinyl chloride sheet provided by the invention has the advantages of easily available raw materials, convenience in manufacturing and better economy, and in addition, the high-toughness polyvinyl chloride sheet provided by the invention can keep good mechanical properties under a low-temperature condition, the application range of a polyvinyl chloride material is expanded to a greater extent, and the high-toughness polyvinyl chloride sheet has a higher practical application value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high polymer materials, and particularly relates to a high-toughness polyvinyl chloride sheet.
Background
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic is formed by polymerizing vinyl chloride monomers, is one of common thermoplastic plastics, is widely applied to various aspects of production and life, and can be used for manufacturing various products such as agricultural films, raincoats, tablecloths, hand bags, artificial leather, pearl products, storage boxes, pipes and the like.
Pure polyvinyl chloride resins are rigid thermoplastic materials with decomposition temperatures very close to the plasticizing temperature and poor mechanical strength. Therefore, polyvinyl chloride resin cannot be used for molding products, and plasticizers, stabilizers, fillers and the like must be added to improve the performance, so that polyvinyl chloride plastic is prepared and then is processed into various products. However, the conventional polyvinyl chloride material has poor toughness at low temperature, which limits the use of polyvinyl chloride.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a high-toughness polyvinyl chloride sheet.
The high-toughness polyvinyl chloride sheet provided by the invention is prepared by extruding and rolling a mixture containing polyvinyl chloride;
the mixture comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
further, in the high-toughness polyvinyl chloride sheet, the tensile fiber includes carbon fiber and glass fiber.
Further, in the above high-toughness polyvinyl chloride sheet, the plasticizer includes one or more of diisononyl phthalate, di (2-ethyl) hexyl terephthalate, dioctyl sebacate, trioctyl acetylcitrate, dioctyl adipate, and tributyl acetylcitrate.
Further, in the high-toughness polyvinyl chloride sheet, the plasticizer further comprises epoxy linseed oil, and the weight ratio of the epoxy linseed oil to the plasticizer is 5-20%.
Further, in the above high-toughness polyvinyl chloride sheet, the heat stabilizer may include one or more of calcium naphthenate, calcium octadecanoxystearate, calcium neodecanoate, calcium stearate, and calcium isooctanoate.
Further, in the above high-toughness polyvinyl chloride sheet, the heat stabilizer further comprises stearoylbenzoylmethane.
Further, in the above high-toughness polyvinyl chloride sheet, the lubricant is one or more of glyceryl stearate, calcium stearate, polyethylene wax and oxidized polyethylene wax.
Further, in the above high-toughness polyvinyl chloride sheet, the raw material is treated by the following steps to obtain the high-toughness polyvinyl chloride sheet:
the method comprises the following steps: adding the raw materials into a high-speed mixer according to the sequence that the mass ratio of the raw materials is first large and then small, and mixing, wherein the rotating speed of the high-speed mixer is 2000-;
step two: plasticizing the mixed raw materials by using an extruder, and setting the temperature of the extruder to be 110-165 ℃;
step three: mixing the mixture by using a rolling machine, wherein the temperature of the rolling machine is set to be 115-155 ℃;
step four: rolling the mixture into sheets by using a rolling machine, and setting the temperature of a rolling roller to be 200-215 ℃;
step five: the calendered sheet was die cut into the desired shape using a die cutter.
Further, in the above high-toughness polyvinyl chloride sheet, the raw material is treated by the following steps to obtain the high-toughness polyvinyl chloride sheet:
the method comprises the following steps: adding the raw materials into a high-speed mixer according to the sequence that the mass ratio of the raw materials is first large and then small, and mixing at the high-speed mixer rotation speed of 2500-;
step two: plasticizing the mixed raw materials by using an extruder, and setting the temperature of the extruder to be 130-;
step three: mixing the mixture by using a rolling machine, and setting the temperature of the rolling machine to be 125-145 ℃;
step four: rolling the mixture into sheets by using a rolling machine, and setting the temperature of a rolling roller to be 200-205 ℃;
step five: the calendered sheet was die cut into the desired shape using a die cutter.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the high-toughness polyvinyl chloride sheet provided by the invention has the advantages of easily available raw materials, convenience in manufacturing and better economy, and in addition, the high-toughness polyvinyl chloride sheet provided by the invention can keep good mechanical properties under a low-temperature condition, the application range of a polyvinyl chloride material is expanded to a greater extent, and the high-toughness polyvinyl chloride sheet has a higher practical application value.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, which are illustrative and intended to illustrate the problem and explain the invention, but not limiting.
Example 1
A high-toughness polyvinyl chloride sheet is prepared by extruding and rolling a mixture containing polyvinyl chloride;
the mixture comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
in this embodiment, the tensile fibers are glass fibers.
In this example, the plasticizer was diisononyl phthalate.
In this example, the thermal stabilizer is calcium naphthenate.
In this example, the lubricant is glyceryl stearate.
In this example, the raw material was processed to obtain the high toughness pvc sheet by the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: adding the raw materials into a high-speed mixer according to the sequence that the mass ratio of the raw materials is first larger and then smaller, and mixing, wherein the rotating speed of the high-speed mixer is 2000 r/min, and the temperature of the high-speed mixer is 55 ℃;
step two: plasticizing the mixed raw materials by using an extruder, and setting the temperature of the extruder to be 110 ℃;
step three: mixing the mixture by using a rolling machine, and setting the temperature of the rolling machine to be 115 ℃;
step four: rolling the mixture into sheets by using a rolling machine, and setting the temperature of a rolling roller to be 200 ℃;
step five: the calendered sheet was die cut into the desired shape using a die cutter.
Example 2
A high-toughness polyvinyl chloride sheet is prepared by extruding and rolling a mixture containing polyvinyl chloride;
the mixture comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
in this embodiment, the tensile fibers are glass fibers.
In this example, the plasticizer was di (2-ethyl) hexyl terephthalate.
In this example, the heat stabilizer is calcium stearyl stearate.
In this example, the lubricant is oxidized polyethylene wax.
In this example, the raw material was processed to obtain the high toughness pvc sheet by the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: adding the raw materials into a high-speed mixer in the sequence of the mass ratio of the raw materials being first larger and then smaller, and setting the rotating speed of the high-speed mixer to be 3500 rpm and the temperature of the high-speed mixer to be 85 ℃;
step two: plasticizing the mixed raw materials by using an extruder, and setting the temperature of the extruder to be 165 ℃;
step three: mixing the mixture by using a rolling machine, and setting the temperature of the rolling machine to be 155 ℃;
step four: rolling the mixture into sheets by using a rolling machine, and setting the temperature of a rolling roller to be 215 ℃;
step five: the calendered sheet was die cut into the desired shape using a die cutter.
Example 3
A high-toughness polyvinyl chloride sheet is prepared by extruding and rolling a mixture containing polyvinyl chloride;
the mixture comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
in this embodiment, the tensile fibers are carbon fibers.
In this example, the plasticizer is 80% by mass of di (2-ethyl) hexyl terephthalate and 20% by mass of epoxidized linseed oil.
In this example, the thermal stabilizer is 75% by mass of calcium isooctanoate and 25% by mass of stearoylbenzoylmethane.
In this example, the lubricant is 60% by mass of calcium stearate and 40% by mass of polyethylene wax.
In this example, the raw material was processed to obtain the high toughness pvc sheet by the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: adding the raw materials into a high-speed mixer according to the sequence that the mass ratio of the raw materials is first larger and then smaller, and mixing, wherein the rotating speed of the high-speed mixer is 2500 rpm, and the temperature of the high-speed mixer is 6 ℃;
step two: plasticizing the mixed raw materials by using an extruder, and setting the temperature of the extruder to be 130 ℃;
step three: mixing the mixture by using a rolling machine, and setting the temperature of the rolling machine to be 125 ℃;
step four: rolling the mixture into sheets by using a rolling machine, and setting the temperature of a rolling roller to be 200 ℃;
step five: the calendered sheet was die cut into the desired shape using a die cutter.
Example 4
A high-toughness polyvinyl chloride sheet is prepared by extruding and rolling a mixture containing polyvinyl chloride;
the mixture comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
in this embodiment, the tensile fibers are carbon fibers.
In this example, the plasticizer is 95% by mass of trioctyl acetylcitrate and 5% by mass of epoxidized linseed oil.
In this embodiment, the heat stabilizer is 85% by mass of calcium neodecanoate and 15% by mass of stearoylbenzoylmethane.
In this example, the lubricant is 20 mass% of calcium stearate, 55 mass% of polyethylene wax, and 25 mass% of oxidized polyethylene wax.
In this example, the raw material was processed to obtain the high toughness pvc sheet by the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: adding the raw materials into a high-speed mixer in a sequence of first-mass ratio and second-mass ratio for mixing, wherein the rotating speed of the high-speed mixer is 3000 r/min, and the temperature of the high-speed mixer is 85 ℃;
step two: plasticizing the mixed raw materials by using an extruder, and setting the temperature of the extruder to be 150 ℃;
step three: mixing the mixture by using a rolling machine, and setting the temperature of the rolling machine to be 145 ℃;
step four: rolling the mixture into sheets by using a rolling machine, and setting the temperature of a rolling roller to be 205 ℃;
step five: the calendered sheet was die cut into the desired shape using a die cutter.
The samples from each example were incubated at-55 ℃ for 24h and immediately removed for testing, 5 sample rows were prepared for each example and the average of the test results recorded as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 mechanical Property test results
The above embodiments are exemplary only, and are intended to illustrate the technical concept and features of the present invention so that those skilled in the art can understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A high-toughness polyvinyl chloride sheet is characterized in that: prepared by extruding and rolling a mixture containing polyvinyl chloride;
the mixture comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
22 to 35 percent of plasticizer
0.8 to 2.2 percent of tensile fiber
0.3 to 1.5 percent of heat stabilizer
0.1 to 0.2 percent of lubricant
3 to 8 percent of nitrile rubber
The balance of polyvinyl chloride.
2. The high tenacity polyvinyl chloride sheet material of claim 1 wherein: tensile fibers include carbon fibers and glass fibers.
3. The high tenacity polyvinyl chloride sheet material of claim 1 wherein: the plasticizer comprises one or more of diisononyl phthalate, di (2-ethyl) hexyl terephthalate, dioctyl sebacate, trioctyl acetylcitrate, dioctyl adipate and tributyl acetylcitrate.
4. A high tenacity polyvinyl chloride sheet as claimed in claim 3 wherein: the plasticizer also comprises epoxy linseed oil, and the weight ratio of the epoxy linseed oil to the plasticizer is 5-20%.
5. The high tenacity polyvinyl chloride sheet material of claim 1 wherein: the heat stabilizer comprises one or more of calcium naphthenate, calcium octadecanoxystearate, calcium neodecanoate, calcium stearate and calcium isooctanoate.
6. A high tenacity polyvinyl chloride sheet as claimed in claim 5 wherein: the heat stabilizer also comprises stearoylbenzoylmethane.
7. The high tenacity polyvinyl chloride sheet material of claim 1 wherein: the lubricant is one or more of glyceryl stearate, calcium stearate, polyethylene wax and oxidized polyethylene wax.
8. A high toughness polyvinyl chloride sheet as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: the raw material is treated by the following steps to obtain the high-toughness polyvinyl chloride sheet:
the method comprises the following steps: adding the raw materials into a high-speed mixer according to the sequence that the mass ratio of the raw materials is first large and then small, and mixing, wherein the rotating speed of the high-speed mixer is 2000-;
step two: plasticizing the mixed raw materials by using an extruder, and setting the temperature of the extruder to be 110-165 ℃;
step three: mixing the mixture by using a rolling machine, wherein the temperature of the rolling machine is set to be 115-155 ℃;
step four: rolling the mixture into sheets by using a rolling machine, and setting the temperature of a rolling roller to be 200-215 ℃;
step five: the calendered sheet was die cut into the desired shape using a die cutter.
9. A high tenacity polyvinyl chloride sheet as claimed in claim 8 wherein: the raw material is treated by the following steps to obtain the high-toughness polyvinyl chloride sheet:
the method comprises the following steps: adding the raw materials into a high-speed mixer according to the sequence that the mass ratio of the raw materials is first large and then small, and mixing at the high-speed mixer rotation speed of 2500-;
step two: plasticizing the mixed raw materials by using an extruder, and setting the temperature of the extruder to be 130-;
step three: mixing the mixture by using a rolling machine, and setting the temperature of the rolling machine to be 125-145 ℃;
step four: rolling the mixture into sheets by using a rolling machine, and setting the temperature of a rolling roller to be 200-205 ℃;
step five: the calendered sheet was die cut into the desired shape using a die cutter.
Priority Applications (1)
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CN202111621973.3A CN114316468A (en) | 2021-12-28 | 2021-12-28 | High-toughness polyvinyl chloride sheet |
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CN202111621973.3A CN114316468A (en) | 2021-12-28 | 2021-12-28 | High-toughness polyvinyl chloride sheet |
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CN114316468A true CN114316468A (en) | 2022-04-12 |
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US5543449A (en) * | 1994-04-15 | 1996-08-06 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | Stabilized flexible PVC |
JP2006307085A (en) * | 2005-04-28 | 2006-11-09 | Nof Corp | Polyvinyl chloride-based resin composition and its molding |
CN102850696A (en) * | 2012-09-20 | 2013-01-02 | 吴江市天源塑胶有限公司 | High-toughness polyvinyl chloride tube |
CN104105755A (en) * | 2012-02-15 | 2014-10-15 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | Pvc compositions of high impact strength |
CN104877262A (en) * | 2015-05-20 | 2015-09-02 | 苏州宏恒化工有限公司 | Polyvinyl chloride decoration plate and preparation method thereof |
CN109161129A (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2019-01-08 | 安徽瑞腾塑业有限公司 | A kind of PVC heat shrink films |
CN110655734A (en) * | 2019-09-22 | 2020-01-07 | 安徽超星新材料科技有限公司 | High-toughness impact-resistant polyvinyl chloride material and preparation method thereof |
-
2021
- 2021-12-28 CN CN202111621973.3A patent/CN114316468A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5543449A (en) * | 1994-04-15 | 1996-08-06 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | Stabilized flexible PVC |
JP2006307085A (en) * | 2005-04-28 | 2006-11-09 | Nof Corp | Polyvinyl chloride-based resin composition and its molding |
CN104105755A (en) * | 2012-02-15 | 2014-10-15 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | Pvc compositions of high impact strength |
CN102850696A (en) * | 2012-09-20 | 2013-01-02 | 吴江市天源塑胶有限公司 | High-toughness polyvinyl chloride tube |
CN104877262A (en) * | 2015-05-20 | 2015-09-02 | 苏州宏恒化工有限公司 | Polyvinyl chloride decoration plate and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20220412 |