CN114315067A - Method for synchronously passivating copper ions and zinc ions in anaerobic fermentation process of livestock and poultry manure - Google Patents
Method for synchronously passivating copper ions and zinc ions in anaerobic fermentation process of livestock and poultry manure Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for synchronously passivating copper and zinc ions in the anaerobic fermentation process of livestock and poultry manure, which comprises the following steps: drying and crushing raw materials to obtain a conditioner, performing domestication treatment on an inoculum, uniformly mixing livestock and poultry manure, the conditioner, a passivator and the domesticated inoculum to obtain a mixed fermentation raw material, loading the mixed fermentation raw material into a fermentation tank, and performing anaerobic fermentation at 35-40 ℃, wherein the addition amount of the passivator is 2.5-7.5% of the mass of dry matter of the livestock and poultry manure, and the pH value of the mixed fermentation raw material is 6.5-7.8. According to the invention, by adding the passivating agent, when the addition amount of the passivating agent is 2.5-7.5% of the mass of dry matter of livestock and poultry manure, and the pH value of the mixed fermentation raw material is 6.5-7.8, the passivating agent can improve the passivating effect, accelerate the passivation process of copper and zinc ions in the livestock and poultry manure, and convert the effective state of the copper and zinc ions to the stable state.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for synchronously passivating copper and zinc ions in an anaerobic fermentation process of livestock and poultry manure, belonging to the technical field of rural energy and environmental protection.
Background
In recent years, with the increasing demand of people in China for meat protein, the livestock and poultry breeding industry in China is rapidly developed, so that the yield of livestock and poultry manure is increased continuously. According to the statistics of the national ministry of agriculture, the quantity of livestock and poultry manure resources reaches 38 hundred million tons every year in China, wherein 80 percent of the livestock and poultry manure resources come from a large-scale farm (reference documents: Wangjian, Zhurongsheng, Wanghuazhong, Huihong plum, Qibo, Ponloli, Huangbaohua. the current situation of heavy metal pollution of the livestock and poultry manure and the progress of biological passivation research [ J ]. Shandong agricultural science, 2018, 50(10): 156-. A large amount of livestock and poultry manure is discharged at will without treatment and returned to the field directly, and the livestock and poultry manure contains a large amount of harmful substances, so that the harmful substances enter the environment due to the random discharge, and the environmental pollution is caused. Therefore, solving the pollution of livestock and poultry excrement caused by large-scale cultivation is an imminent problem of livestock and poultry healthy cultivation.
The livestock and poultry manure contains a large amount of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and can bring certain economic benefits through scientific treatment and resource utilization. The anaerobic fermentation technology is an effective way for treating livestock and poultry manure in the prior art, and is widely applied to manure treatment in large-scale farms. The technology can not only produce biogas, but also can use the treated biogas residues as organic fertilizer. However, the marketer adds a large amount of heavy metal elements such as copper, zinc and the like into the feed to enhance the immunity of the livestock and promote the growth of the livestock. The absorption rate of livestock and poultry to the heavy metals is very low, 95% of the heavy metals are discharged out of the body through excrement urine, and the accumulation of the heavy metals in the soil environment can be caused by applying the organic fertilizer with the heavy metals exceeding the standard for a long time, so that the growth of crops and the safety of agricultural products are seriously influenced. Although the anaerobic fermentation technology can passivate heavy metals to a certain extent and reduce the bioavailability of the heavy metals, the efficiency of passivating the heavy metals is low. Therefore, the method for reducing the bioavailability of the heavy metal in the livestock and poultry manure is a key for recycling and harmless utilization of the livestock and poultry manure.
At present, the domestic and foreign methods for treating the heavy metal exceeding standard of livestock and poultry manure mainly comprise a chemical leaching method, wherein acidic chemical substances such as sulfuric acid, nitric acid and the like are added into the livestock and poultry manure to reduce the pH value, so that the heavy metal is converted into an ionic state to be dissolved out, but a large amount of water and lime are still needed for neutralization after treatment, so that secondary pollution is easily caused (reference documents: Liupeng, Likiyuan, Minwavelet, Dixinglin, Xushiwei, Thanksgang, the occurrence characteristics of the heavy metal of the livestock and poultry manure and the removal technology progress [ J ] China methane, 2019, 37(01): 15-21); the electrochemical method is to insert an electrode into excrement, introduce direct current, enrich heavy metal ions to two ends of the electrode through electron migration so as to reduce the content of heavy metals, and change the form of insoluble heavy metals and remove the insoluble heavy metals (reference document: bear Changqi, Liu Fang, Li Gem, Wu 29183;, Yi, thunder & When. research on treating and breeding excrement heavy metals by electrochemical method [ J ]. Chinese agronomy report, 2019, 35(08): 39-45); the passivation method is to mix the feces with the passivator, and to convert the biologically effective form of the heavy metal into a stable state by the adsorption of the passivator, thereby reducing the harm (reference: Queenmei, Gaoqian, Zhouying, Wu Pingfen, Nuerbi Ye Cuzi. Maimai Shi, development of the technology for treating heavy metal in feces of livestock and poultry [ J ] Xinjiang agriculture organization, 2020(04): 26-29).
In the anaerobic fermentation process, the degree of humification is an important criterion. At present, due to the rapid development of the spectrum technology, the Fourier infrared spectrum technology (FTIR) becomes a conventional technology for analyzing the content change of organic matters and humus in the anaerobic fermentation process, and is mainly due to the characteristics of small required sample amount, high sample measuring speed, high sensitivity and the like. Lee et al (reference document: Lee rank, Gonglong, in Jia Qi, et al. influence of boron mud on heavy metal chromium in anaerobic fermentation of livestock and poultry manure and spectral characteristics thereof [ J ]. Proc. in agricultural engineering, 2019, 35(24): 255-.
According to the characteristics of the method and the specific situation of the anaerobic fermentation technology, the method is regulated and controlled by combining the anaerobic fermentation technology and the passivation method, a proper passivating agent is added in single anaerobic fermentation, and the Fourier infrared spectrum technology (FTIR) is utilized to explore the change of organic matter structures before and after the fermentation of the livestock and poultry manure. Provides a method for reducing the bioavailability of heavy metals in livestock and poultry manure and improving the anaerobic fermentation gas production. The method can effectively reduce the environmental pollution risk caused by the livestock and poultry manure, can also provide high-quality organic fertilizer, and provides technical support for safe use of the biogas manure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a method for synchronously passivating copper and zinc ions in the anaerobic fermentation process of livestock and poultry manure, which is used for reducing the biological effectiveness of the copper and zinc ions in the livestock and poultry manure, improving the soil quality and reducing the harm of organic fertilizers to the environment.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for synchronously passivating copper and zinc ions in the anaerobic fermentation process of livestock and poultry manure, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
drying and crushing the raw materials to prepare a conditioner;
domesticating the inoculum;
uniformly mixing livestock and poultry manure, a conditioner, a passivator and a domesticated inoculum to obtain a mixed fermentation raw material, loading the mixed fermentation raw material into a fermentation tank, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation at 35-40 ℃;
the addition amount of the passivator is 2.5-7.5% of the mass of the dry matter of the livestock and poultry manure, and the pH value of the mixed fermentation raw material is 6.5-7.8.
In some embodiments, the conditioning agent comprises one or more of corn stover, rice straw, and soybean stover.
In some embodiments, the water content of the conditioner is less than 5%, and the particle size of the conditioner is 60-100 meshes.
In some embodiments, the inoculum is subjected to an acclimatization treatment comprising the steps of:
adding an inoculum into a fermentation tank, wherein the total solid concentration of the inoculum is 3-5%;
adding a carbon source into the inoculation solution, and ensuring that the total solid concentration of the carbon source is controlled to be 6-10%;
adjusting the pH value of the inoculation solution to be 6.5-7.8 so as to acclimate the inoculum.
In some embodiments, the carbon source comprises one or more of livestock manure, straw, glucose.
In some embodiments, the passivating agent is one or more of biochar, fly ash, and humic acid.
In some embodiments, the raw material for preparing the biochar comprises one or more of corn stalks, rice hulls and bamboo charcoal.
In some embodiments, the biochar is prepared by the steps of:
putting a raw material for preparing the biochar at 400-600 ℃, and carbonizing for 1-2.5 hours to obtain the biochar.
In some embodiments, the total solid concentration of the mixed fermentation raw material is 6% -10%, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixed fermentation raw material is 22-28: 1.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the method for synchronously passivating copper ions and zinc ions in the anaerobic fermentation process of livestock and poultry manure, provided by the invention, the anaerobic fermentation technology and the passivation method are combined, and the passivating agent is added in the anaerobic fermentation process, so that copper ions and zinc ions can be adsorbed and complexed, the anaerobic fermentation of the livestock and poultry manure can be promoted, the humification degree is improved, more humus is generated to carry out complexing reaction with the copper ions and the zinc ions, and the passivation effect is improved.
2. According to the method for synchronously passivating the copper ions and the zinc ions in the anaerobic fermentation process of the livestock and poultry manure, the passivating agent is added, when the adding amount of the passivating agent is 2.5-7.5% of the mass of dry matters of the livestock and poultry manure, and the pH value of the mixed fermentation raw material is 6.5-7.8, the passivating agent can improve the passivating effect, accelerate the passivating process of the copper ions and the zinc ions in the livestock and poultry manure, and enable the effective states of the copper ions and the zinc ions to be converted into stable states. Specifically, the passivating agent is composed of one or more of biochar, coal ash and humic acid, and can promote the improvement of anaerobic fermentation gas production, improve the quality of the biogas fertilizer, improve the soil quality and reduce the harm of organic fertilizers to the environment.
3. The invention can change waste into valuable, convert a large amount of organic wastes in livestock and poultry industry and agriculture into clean energy biogas and high-quality organic fertilizer, and is beneficial to improving economic benefit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the variation of daily gas production during anaerobic fermentation in a method for synchronously passivating copper and zinc ions in the anaerobic fermentation process of livestock and poultry manure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the variation of the accumulated gas production during anaerobic fermentation in the method for synchronously passivating Cu and Zn ions during anaerobic fermentation of livestock and poultry manure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the pH change during anaerobic fermentation in a method for synchronously passivating Cu and Zn ions during anaerobic fermentation in the livestock and poultry manure anaerobic fermentation process provided by the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is an infrared spectrum of biogas residues before and after anaerobic fermentation in the method for synchronously passivating copper and zinc ions in the anaerobic fermentation process of livestock and poultry manure provided by the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
The experimental methods used in the following examples are not specifically described, and the materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are generally commercially available under the usual conditions without specific descriptions.
Example 1
The fermentation raw materials of the experiment are livestock manure and corn straw, the corn straw is used for controlling the C/N ratio and the C/N is 24, the crushed straw and fresh livestock manure are uniformly mixed and then are put into a fermentation tank, the addition amount of the inoculum is 30%, water is added for adjusting the total solid concentration (namely TS) in a digestion system to be 10%, the pH value is controlled to be 6.5-7.8, the fermentation effect is best, and the addition amount of the passivating agent is 2.5%, 5% and 7.5% of the dry matter content in a fermentation bottle.
4 groups are designed in the experiment, specifically, common anaerobic fermentation CK comprises livestock and poultry manure and corn straws; anaerobic fermentation F1 comprises livestock and poultry manure, corn straw and 2.5 percent of humic acid; f2, livestock and poultry manure, corn straw and 5.0 percent of humic acid; f3, livestock manure, corn straw and 7.5 percent humic acid, in the embodiment, after one-time feeding, the gas production rate needs to be measured every day, and the period of anaerobic fermentation of the livestock manure is 30 days.
Example 2
In this example, the daily gas production and the cumulative gas production during the anaerobic fermentation of the livestock and poultry manure in example 1 were monitored daily based on example 1.
Fig. 1 and 2 show the daily gas production and the cumulative gas production respectively in the anaerobic fermentation process of livestock and poultry manure/corn stalk. As can be seen from FIG. 1, the daily gas production of anaerobic fermentation in each treatment group gradually increased with the passage of time, and at the 6 th day, the treatment group F3 reached the highest peak of 355.2 mL. d-1. At 7d, the daily gas production of treatment groups F1 and F2 reached the highest peak successively, which was 327.1 mL. d-1And 345.1mL d-1. Until 8d, the daily gas production of CK in the control group reaches the highest peak 231.2mL d-1. Then, as the anaerobic fermentation is carried out, as the fermentation raw materials are continuously consumed by microorganisms, the daily gas production is gradually reduced, and the daily gas production of each group is basically not existed by the end of the fermentation. By comparing the control group with the treatment group, the time appearance sequence of the maximum daily gas production is found to be F3, F2, F1 and CK, namely the time of the control group CK appearing is the latest, which indicates that the addition of humic acid promotes the metabolic activity of microorganisms in the fermentation system.
The trend of cumulative gas production for each treatment group is shown in fig. 2. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the final total gas yields of CK, F1, F2 and F3 were 1321.9mL, 1583.72mL, 1697.8mL and 1986.2mL, respectively. The total gas production amount of the treatment groups F1, F2 and F3 is higher than that of the control group CK, and compared with the control group CK, the total gas production amount of the treatment groups F1, F2 and F3 is respectively increased by 19.81%, 28.44% and 50.25%. The treatment group F3 is improved most obviously, namely, the gas production effect is best by adding 7.5% of humic acid, which shows that the humic acid promotes anaerobic fermentation and improves the degradation efficiency of organic matters, and the main reason is that the added humic acid and heavy metals generate complex adsorption and complexation reaction, thus reducing the bioavailability of the heavy metals and preventing the heavy metals from exceeding the standard and inhibiting the activity of microorganisms.
Example 3
In this example, the pH change during anaerobic fermentation of livestock and poultry manure in example 1 was monitored every 5 days on the basis of example 1.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the change of pH during anaerobic fermentation, and it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the magnitude of pH reflects the degree of acid-base equilibrium in the fermentation system and the buffering capacity of the system. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the pH of each treatment group showed a substantially uniform trend, i.e., a first decrease and then increase. In the early stage of the anaerobic fermentation process, the pH value of each treatment group is about 7.8. At fermentation 5d, the pH is minimized, mainly because the hydrolytic acidification stage produces large amounts of organic acids such as volatile fatty acids, acetic acid, etc., resulting in a significant pH drop.
With the progress of anaerobic fermentation, the fermentation system has certain self-regulating capacity, the pH value in the fermentation system is gradually recovered, the pH value is raised, and finally the pH value is stabilized at about 7.3. In the whole fermentation period, the pH of each treatment group fluctuates stably between 6.5 and 7.8, and the fermentation effect is better when the pH is controlled to be neutral to weak alkali, which indicates that the fermentation system runs normally and is not inhibited.
Example 4
This example is used to detect the morphological changes of heavy metals Cu and Zn in biogas residues before and after the ordinary anaerobic fermentation and before and after the anaerobic fermentation with the added passivator of the invention in example 1. The invention adopts a BCR continuous extraction method to detect the different morphological contents of heavy metals Cu and Zn, and the table 1 is the BCR continuous extraction method.
TABLE 1 BCR continuous extraction method
Calculating the formula:
the heavy metal form proportion (%) is multiplied by 100 as the sum of the form content of each heavy metal/the form content of each heavy metal;
exchangeable state passivation effect (the ratio of heavy metal forms before fermentation to the ratio of heavy metal forms after fermentation)/the ratio of heavy metal forms before fermentation multiplied by 100;
the heavy metal passivation parameters are given in table 2 below.
TABLE 2 heavy metal morphological changes and passivation effects before and after anaerobic fermentation
As shown in Table 2, the passivation effects of the anaerobic fermentation F1 on the heavy metals Cu and Zn are 44.85% and 40.90%, the passivation effects of the anaerobic fermentation F2 on the heavy metals Cu and Zn are 48.62% and 61.11%, and the passivation effects of the anaerobic fermentation F3 on the heavy metals Cu and Zn are 59.02% and 60.11%, which are respectively higher than the passivation effects of common anaerobic fermentation CK on the heavy metals Cu and Zn by 25.85% and 15.98%. The humic acid is a passivating agent with strong ion exchange capacity, and the main structure of the humic acid is a plurality of active functional groups such as carboxylic acid, alcoholic hydroxyl and the like. These reactive functional groups will react with cationic heavy metals (Cu)2 +、Zn2+) Complex reaction is carried out to form a complex, so that the biological effectiveness is reduced, and the passivation effect of the complex on heavy metals is obviously improved.
Example 5
Infrared spectra of the biogas residues before and after the common anaerobic fermentation in example 1 and before and after the anaerobic fermentation in the biogas residues after the addition of the passivator of the present invention were measured. Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is used for researching the mineralization and humification degree of the organic matters in the anaerobic fermentation process.
FTIR characteristic absorption band attribution, please refer to Table 3, and the change of the infrared spectrum of the biogas residue before and after anaerobic fermentation is shown in FIG. 4.
TABLE 3 FTIR characteristic absorption band assignment
As can be seen from FIG. 4, the spectral characteristics of the biogas residues of the respective treatment groups before and after anaerobic fermentation were substantially similar, with some differences in relative intensities. This is probably mainly related to the addition of humic acid in different proportions, but the main fermentation raw material is also animal manure, which is consistent with the research of goldenrain et al. In FIG. 4, 3408-3450 cm-1、2850～2922cm-1、1600～1653cm-1、1105～1160cm-1The intensity variation of these several representative peaks is more pronounced.
As can be seen from Table 3 and FIG. 4, the length of the groove is 3408-3450 cm-12850 to 2922cm-1At the peak, the relative intensity of each treatment group after anaerobic fermentation at the two peaks is reduced compared with that of unfermented livestock manure/corn straws, and the reduction amplitudes are F3, F2, F1 and CK in sequence from large to small. The former peak indicates that the addition of humic acid promotes the decomposition of organic substances such as carbohydrates, amide compounds, proteins, etc. into simple organic substances, resulting in the reduction of-OH groups. The latter peak indicates that organic substances such as carbohydrates and aliphatic compounds in the fermentation raw materials are degraded under the mineralization and metabolism of microorganisms, so that the-CH groups are reduced. In addition, the length of the groove is 1600 to 1653cm-1At the peak, the relative intensity of the peak of each treatment group after fermentation is improved compared with that of unfermented livestock manure/corn straws, and the relative intensity of the peak of F1, F2 and F3 is higher than that of CK. This indicates that addition of humic acid promotes the decomposition of simple organic substances in the micro-scaleUnder the action of organisms, aromatic ring and olefin humates are polymerized, the formation of saturated carbon to unsaturated carbon is accelerated, and the relative content of humus is promoted to be increased.
In conclusion, in the anaerobic fermentation process, the bacteria have-OH and-CH2、-CH3The organic compounds with C ═ O, -COO-, C-O-C and aromatic ring groups are increasing. The anaerobic fermentation is proved to promote the decomposition of the high molecular organic matters and improve the humification degree of the biogas residue. The microorganism has higher metabolic activity after humic acid is added, generates more aromatics, and has higher humification degree, wherein the humification degree of F3 is optimal.
TABLE 4 characteristic parameter ratios for the treatment groups
The research results of a plurality of scholars in recent years show that the aromatic carbon (1647 cm) can be used in aromatic carbon-1) Intensity of characteristic peak and carbohydrate carbon (3435 cm)-1) Aliphatic carbon (2974 cm)-1) Carbon carboxylate (1406 cm)-1) Polysaccharide carbon (1112 cm)-1) The ratio (A, B, C, D respectively) of the organic matter functional group structure in anaerobic fermentation is expressed to evaluate the humic degree of the livestock manure in anaerobic fermentation. The higher the ratio is, the lower the contents of carbohydrate, aliphatic compound, carboxylic acid and polysaccharide are, the higher the aromatic carbon is and the higher the humification degree in the fermentation raw material is.
As can be seen from Table 4, the A value of the unfermented livestock manure/corn straw is 1.035, the A value of the fermented product is 1.037, and the A values of the treatment groups added with humic acid are sequentially increased to be larger than CK after anaerobic fermentation, which indicates that the addition of humic acid in the anaerobic fermentation process is beneficial to promoting the conversion of carbohydrates into aromatic compounds. The B value of unfermented livestock and poultry manure/corn straw is 0.933, the B value after CK fermentation is 0.951, the amplification is 1.93%, and the amplification of F1, F2 and F3 is 5.89%, 7.40% and 8.44% in sequence, and are all larger than CK. The C value of the unfermented livestock and poultry manure/corn straw is 0.950, and the C values of all treatment groups after anaerobic fermentation are F3, F2, F1 and CK in sequence from large to small. The D value of the unfermented livestock manure/corn straw is 1.031, and compared with the D value, the increases of CK, F1, F2 and F3 are 3.20%, 3.30%, 5.24% and 10.18% respectively. Comprehensive analysis shows that the addition of humic acid promotes the conversion of carbohydrate and polysaccharide substances to aromatic compounds, improves the humification degree of the anaerobic fermentation of the livestock and poultry manure/corn straws, wherein the addition proportion of 7.5 percent is optimal, and the humification degree of F3 is highest. The added exogenous humic acid firstly adsorbs and passivates the excessive heavy metals in the fermentation system, so that a proper environment is provided for microorganisms, and the decomposition of organic matters and the humification degree of anaerobic fermentation are promoted.
The principle of the invention is as follows: by combining the anaerobic fermentation technology with the passivation method and adding the passivating agent in the anaerobic fermentation process, the method not only can adsorb complex copper and zinc ions, but also can promote the anaerobic fermentation of livestock and poultry manure and improve the humification degree so as to generate more humus to perform complex reaction with the copper and zinc ions, thereby improving the passivation effect.
After understanding the essence of the invention, those skilled in the art should understand that, by adding the passivating agent, and when the adding amount of the passivating agent is 2.5% -7.5% of the dry matter mass of the livestock manure, and the pH of the mixed fermentation raw material is 6.5-7.8, the passivating agent can improve the passivating effect, accelerate the passivating process of copper and zinc ions in the livestock manure, and convert the effective state of the copper and zinc ions to the stable state. Specifically, the passivating agent is composed of one or more of biochar, coal ash and humic acid, and can promote the improvement of anaerobic fermentation gas production, improve the quality of the biogas fertilizer, improve the soil quality and reduce the harm of organic fertilizers to the environment.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for synchronously passivating copper and zinc ions in the anaerobic fermentation process of livestock and poultry manure is characterized by comprising the following steps:
drying and crushing the raw materials to prepare a conditioner;
domesticating the inoculum;
uniformly mixing livestock and poultry manure, a conditioner, a passivator and a domesticated inoculum to obtain a mixed fermentation raw material, loading the mixed fermentation raw material into a fermentation tank, and carrying out anaerobic fermentation at 35-40 ℃;
the addition amount of the passivator is 2.5-7.5% of the mass of the dry matter of the livestock and poultry manure, and the pH value of the mixed fermentation raw material is 6.5-7.8.
2. The method for synchronously inactivating copper and zinc ions in the anaerobic fermentation process of livestock and poultry manure according to claim 1, wherein the conditioner comprises one or more of corn stalks, rice stalks and soybean stalks.
3. The method for synchronously passivating copper and zinc ions in the anaerobic fermentation process of livestock and poultry manure according to claim 1, characterized in that the water content of the conditioner is less than 5%, and the particle size of the conditioner is 60-100 meshes.
4. The method for synchronously passivating copper and zinc ions in the anaerobic fermentation process of livestock and poultry manure according to claim 1, wherein the acclimation treatment of the inoculum comprises the following steps:
adding an inoculum into the fermentation tank, wherein the total solid concentration of the inoculum is 3% -5%;
adding a carbon source into the inoculation solution, and ensuring that the total solid concentration of the carbon source is controlled to be 6-10%;
adjusting the pH value of the inoculation solution to be 6.5-7.8 so as to acclimate the inoculum.
5. The method for synchronously inactivating copper and zinc ions in the anaerobic fermentation process of livestock and poultry manure according to claim 1, wherein the carbon source comprises one or more of livestock and poultry manure, straw and glucose.
6. The method for synchronously passivating copper and zinc ions in the anaerobic fermentation process of livestock and poultry manure according to claim 1, characterized in that the passivating agent is one or more of humic acid, fly ash and biochar.
7. The method for synchronously passivating copper and zinc ions in the anaerobic fermentation process of livestock and poultry manure as claimed in claim 6, wherein the raw material for preparing the biochar comprises one or more of corn stalks, rice hulls and bamboo charcoal.
8. The method for synchronously inactivating copper and zinc ions in the anaerobic fermentation process of livestock and poultry manure according to claim 7, characterized in that the biochar is prepared by the following steps:
putting a raw material for preparing the biochar at 400-600 ℃, and carbonizing for 1-2.5 hours to obtain the biochar.
9. The method for synchronously inactivating copper ions and zinc ions in the anaerobic fermentation process of livestock and poultry manure according to claim 1, characterized in that the total solid concentration of the mixed fermentation raw material is 6-10%, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixed fermentation raw material is 22-28: 1.
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