CN114309696B - Drilling device for measuring axial force of drill bit under ultrasonic-assisted vibration condition - Google Patents
Drilling device for measuring axial force of drill bit under ultrasonic-assisted vibration condition Download PDFInfo
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- CN114309696B CN114309696B CN202111525492.2A CN202111525492A CN114309696B CN 114309696 B CN114309696 B CN 114309696B CN 202111525492 A CN202111525492 A CN 202111525492A CN 114309696 B CN114309696 B CN 114309696B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a drilling device for measuring the axial force of a drill bit under the condition of ultrasonic auxiliary vibration, which comprises a machine tool main shaft, a machine tool main shaft shell, a mounting sleeve, a connecting sleeve, a fixing sleeve, an amplitude transformer, a longitudinal ultrasonic transducer and a middle cylindrical structure which are positioned in the mounting sleeve, a non-contact electric energy transmission system positioned outside the mounting sleeve, an ultrasonic power supply and signal processing equipment. The middle cylindrical structure and the amplitude transformer are sequentially connected below the longitudinal ultrasonic transducer by a flange structure, and the upper end of the longitudinal ultrasonic transducer is not contacted with other mechanisms; a flange mounting plate is arranged on the circumferential surface of the cylinder, and the flange mounting plate and the bottom of the mounting sleeve are fastened by bolts to form a flange structure II; according to the traditional ultrasonic vibration processing device, the middle cylindrical structure with two piezoelectric materials (upper and lower circular surfaces) is designed, so that the device has the function of accurately measuring the axial force under the ultrasonic auxiliary vibration processing condition under the condition that the original device is not influenced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of drilling machining, and relates to a drilling device for measuring axial force of a drill bit under the ultrasonic-assisted vibration condition.
Background
The ultrasonic vibration assisted drilling machining combines the traditional drilling rotary machining process and the axial ultrasonic vibration technology, and is a novel special machining process. The cutting amount is changed periodically, so that the drilling mechanism is changed fundamentally, and the drill bit can perform pulse type intermittent cutting machining. The machining process can obviously reduce cutting force, improve machining efficiency, reduce surface roughness and prolong the service life of the cutter, and has incomparable machining advantages compared with the traditional drilling and rotating machining process.
The axial force borne by the drill bit is an important processing parameter in drilling processing, the unreasonable axial force can cause the conditions of workpiece material crack, drill bit fracture, cutter abrasion failure and the like, and the research on the drilling axial force, particularly the research under the ultrasonic vibration auxiliary condition, has very important significance for analyzing the process of the ultrasonic vibration auxiliary drilling processing.
In document 1 (structural optimization design and experimental study of piezoelectric grinding dynamometer [ D ]. Harabin engineering university, 2008), it is disclosed that the piezoelectric effect can be classified into a positive piezoelectric effect and a reverse piezoelectric effect. The positive piezoelectric effect is: when the crystal is acted by external force in a certain fixed direction, electric polarization phenomenon is generated inside the crystal, charges with opposite signs are generated on two surfaces, and the charge quantity generated by the crystal under the action of force is in direct proportion to the magnitude of the external force. Piezoelectric force gauges are mostly based on the direct piezoelectric effect. The inverse piezoelectric effect refers to a phenomenon that an alternating electric field is applied to a crystal to cause mechanical deformation of the crystal. Ultrasonic transducers are mostly based on the inverse piezoelectric effect.
In the traditional processing process, a piezoelectric dynamometer manufactured based on the piezoelectric effect is an important technology, the axial force borne by a cutter can be measured accurately, but in ultrasonic vibration-assisted processing, the piezoelectric effect of a piezoelectric material can be caused by the existence of ultrasonic waves; the method is characterized in that a piezoelectric film is attached to the surface of a horn as described in document 2 (PVDF piezoelectric film calibration and application [ D ]. Tianjin university, 2019 ] for ultrasonic vibration assisted cutting force measurement, and an axial force is measured by using an electric signal generated by film deformation, or a piezoelectric material is made into a piezoelectric dynamometer and placed at the bottom of a tool as described in document 3 (key technology research of ultrasonic processing piezoelectric three-way dynamometer [ D ]. Hangzhou electronic science and technology university, 2018.), and the axial force applied to the tool reflects the axial force applied to a drill bit, so that the force measurement precision cannot be guaranteed under the condition of ultrasonic vibration due to the influence of the piezoelectric effect, and the force measurement precision of a force measurement device is seriously influenced.
Therefore, the drilling device capable of improving the measuring accuracy of the axial force of the drill under the ultrasonic-assisted vibration condition is of great significance.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior technical scheme, the invention provides a drilling device for measuring the axial force of a drill bit under the ultrasonic-assisted vibration condition.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following scheme:
a drilling device for measuring the axial force of a drill bit under the ultrasonic-assisted vibration condition comprises a machine tool main shaft, a machine tool main shaft shell, a mounting sleeve and a variable amplitude rod, and further comprises a longitudinal ultrasonic transducer positioned in the mounting sleeve, a non-contact electric energy transmission system, a connecting sleeve, a fixing sleeve, an ultrasonic power supply and signal processing equipment, wherein the non-contact electric energy transmission system is positioned outside the mounting sleeve;
a flange structure is sequentially used for connecting the middle cylindrical structure and the amplitude transformer below the longitudinal ultrasonic transducer; the upper end of the longitudinal ultrasonic transducer is not contacted with other mechanisms; the flange structure is convenient for install wire and piezoelectric material, and can bear the axial force that the drill bit transmitted during processing.
The middle cylindrical structure main body is of a cylindrical structure, the upper end surface of the cylinder is provided with a groove A with an upward opening, the lower end surface of the cylinder is provided with a groove B with a downward opening, the shapes and the sizes of the groove A and the groove B are the same, and a connecting line of points positioned at the same positions on the two grooves is parallel to the central axis of the cylinder (if the cross section of the groove A is a square with the diameter of 1mm multiplied by 1mm, and the depth of the groove A is 0.5mm, the connecting line can be a connecting line between the central points of the bottom surfaces of the two grooves, preferably the connecting line is coincident with the central axis of the cylinder, namely the force measurement precision is ensured, and the piezoelectric materials at the upper position and the lower position need to be positioned on the same straight line parallel to the central axis); piezoelectric components with the same shape and size as the corresponding grooves are placed in the grooves A and the grooves B; the piezoelectric assembly is composed of a nylon gasket, a piezoelectric material (adopting a PVDF film) and a nylon gasket which are stacked in sequence, the nylon gasket and the piezoelectric material are both of sheet structures, the projection area of the nylon gasket and the piezoelectric material in the thickness direction is the same as the cross section area of the groove A, if the groove is a rectangular groove with a certain depth, the length, the width and the height of the piezoelectric assembly are the same as those of the groove, and the piezoelectric assembly and the groove are ensured to be in a state of being naturally contacted without additional acting force; a flange mounting plate c is arranged on the circumferential surface of the cylinder, the upper surface of the flange mounting plate c is not higher than the bottom of the groove A, and the lower surface of the flange mounting plate c is not lower than the bottom of the groove B; the flange mounting plate c and the bottom of the mounting sleeve are fastened by bolts to form a flange structure II;
the non-contact electric energy transmission system comprises three primary side structures (each primary side structure consists of a primary side magnetic core and a primary side coil) and three secondary side structures (each secondary side structure consists of a secondary side magnetic core and a secondary side coil); the method comprises the following steps that 1 primary side structure and 1 secondary side structure are recorded into a group, the primary side structure and the secondary side structure which are positioned in the same group are positioned on the same horizontal plane, and an air gap is formed between the primary side structure and the secondary side structure; one group of primary structures and one group of secondary structures are respectively connected with a longitudinal ultrasonic power supply and a longitudinal ultrasonic transducer by leads, and the other two groups of primary structures and the other two groups of secondary structures are respectively connected with signal processing equipment and two piezoelectric components by leads;
the connecting sleeve is sleeved outside the mounting sleeve and fastened on the mounting sleeve by bolts;
the fixed sleeve is sleeved outside the connecting sleeve and is fastened on the machine tool spindle shell by bolts;
the non-contact type electric energy transmission system is arranged on the connecting sleeve and the fixing sleeve.
Because the ultrasonic waves received by the piezoelectric materials on the same horizontal plane may have deviation, which affects the time domain difference method processing, and if a plurality of piezoelectric materials are installed, a plurality of vertically symmetrical grooves are required to be arranged on the end surface of the middle cylindrical structure, if strict symmetry cannot be ensured, the received ultrasonic waves may have difference, thereby generating unnecessary errors. Therefore, only one piezoelectric material is placed at each position, the longitudinal ultrasonic transducer is used in the ultrasonic wave generator, the ultrasonic wave is propagated along the axial direction, and the piezoelectric effect determines that the piezoelectric material in the ultrasonic wave generator can only receive the ultrasonic wave signal in the vertical direction of the ultrasonic wave propagation, so that the piezoelectric material is placed at the circular surfaces at the upper end and the lower end of the middle cylindrical structure.
As a preferred technical scheme:
according to the drilling device for measuring the axial force of the drill bit under the ultrasonic-assisted vibration condition, the amplitude transformer is an integrally-formed part which consists of the circular flange mounting plate a, the transition cylinder, the amplitude cone and the tool head from top to bottom in sequence, and the central axes of the amplitude transformer and the amplitude cone are positioned on the same straight line. The outer contour of the amplitude cone is in a circular truncated cone-shaped structure, the large end is arranged at the upper part, and the small end is arranged at the lower part; the outer diameter of the flange mounting plate a is larger than that of the transition cylinder, the outer diameter of the transition cylinder is the same as that of the large end of the amplitude variable cone, and the outer diameter of the small end of the amplitude variable cone is the same as that of the tool head.
According to the drilling device for measuring the axial force of the drill bit under the ultrasonic-assisted vibration condition, 2 flange mounting plates are respectively arranged on the circumferential surface of the middle cylindrical structure (4) at the upper end surface and the lower end surface and marked as a flange mounting plate b and a flange mounting plate d; and the flange mounting plate a and the flange mounting plate b are attached and fastened by bolts to form a flange structure I.
According to the drilling device for measuring the axial force of the drill bit under the ultrasonic-assisted vibration condition, the longitudinal ultrasonic transducer comprises a bearing bolt (made of bolt steel), a front cover plate (YL 12), a plurality of layers of piezoelectric ceramics (such as 4 layers of PZT 8), a plurality of electrode plates (made of beryllium bronze, the number of the electrode plates = the number of the piezoelectric ceramics + 1), a rear cover plate (made of No. 45 steel) and an insulating sleeve; the force bearing bolt sequentially compresses the front cover plate, the piezoelectric ceramic and the rear cover plate from top to bottom; the bearing bolt is separated from the piezoelectric ceramic through an insulating sleeve; the piezoelectric ceramics and the electrode plates are alternately placed; the lower end of the rear cover plate is provided with a flange mounting plate e; and the flange mounting plate d is attached to the flange mounting plate e and fastened by bolts to form a flange structure III.
The drilling device for measuring the axial force of the drill bit under the ultrasonic-assisted vibration condition, wherein the non-contact type electric energy transmission system is arranged on the connecting sleeve and the fixing sleeve, and the non-contact type electric energy transmission system comprises:
the connecting sleeve is provided with three wire holes o1 and three outer annular grooves, and the wire holes o1 are in one-to-one correspondence and communication with the outer annular grooves; the outer annular groove is formed in the outer surface of the connecting sleeve, the wire guide hole o1 is formed by penetrating through the side wall of the connecting sleeve, and the auxiliary edge structure is placed in the outer annular groove;
the fixed sleeve comprises three wire holes o2 and three inner annular grooves, the wire holes o2 are in one-to-one correspondence with the inner annular grooves and communicated with the inner annular grooves, the inner annular grooves are formed on the inner surface of the fixed sleeve, the wire holes o2 are formed by penetrating through the side wall of the fixed sleeve, and original edge structures are placed in the inner annular grooves.
In the drilling device for measuring the axial force of the drill under the ultrasonic-assisted vibration condition, the connection of the secondary side structure and the longitudinal ultrasonic transducer by the lead wire means that: the piezoelectric ceramic is connected with the secondary side structure through an electrode plate and a lead x, and the lead x penetrates through a lead hole o1 corresponding to an outer annular groove for placing the secondary side structure.
According to the drilling device for measuring the axial force of the drill bit under the ultrasonic-assisted vibration condition, the secondary side structure is connected with the two piezoelectric components through the conducting wires, and the method comprises the following steps:
grooves for placing wires are respectively arranged on the end surfaces of the cylinders where the grooves A and the grooves B are arranged (no shape and depth requirements exist, and the wires can be placed);
the piezoelectric assembly in the groove A is connected with the secondary side structure through a lead y, and the lead y penetrates through a groove on the groove A and a lead hole o1 corresponding to an outer annular groove for placing the secondary side structure;
the piezoelectric assembly in the groove B is connected with the secondary side structure through a lead z, and the lead z passes through the groove on the groove B and a lead hole o1 corresponding to the outer annular groove for placing the secondary side structure.
In order to protect the conducting wire and prevent the conducting wire from being exposed in a processing environment, the position of the flange structure, connected with the amplitude transformer, of the middle cylindrical structure is connected with the guide pipe, the guide pipe penetrates through the mounting sleeve and is connected with the connecting sleeve, and the conducting wire z penetrates through the groove in the groove B, the guide pipe and the conducting wire hole o1 corresponding to the outer annular groove for placing the secondary side structure to be connected.
The drilling device for measuring the axial force of the drill bit under the ultrasonic-assisted vibration condition has the advantages that the distance between the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the middle cylindrical structure is 40-50 mm. The distance between the upper end face and the lower end face ensures that the middle cylindrical structure in the structure has enough thickness so as not to be crushed by the axial force when a drill bit is processed, the propagation speed of ultrasonic waves in a solid body is 2km/s to 6km/s, the height unit of the designed middle cylindrical structure is mm, the ultrasonic waves are propagated between two piezoelectric materials almost without loss, and therefore, the electrical signals above and below the middle cylindrical structure can be ensured to be consistent under the independent action of only the ultrasonic waves.
According to the drilling device for measuring the axial force of the drill bit under the ultrasonic auxiliary vibration condition, in order to ensure that normal processing is not influenced, the projection surface of the piezoelectric material in the thickness direction is square, the area of the projection surface of the piezoelectric ceramic in the longitudinal ultrasonic transducer in the thickness direction is not more than that of the piezoelectric ceramic in the longitudinal ultrasonic transducer in the thickness direction, and the thickness of the piezoelectric material is not more than that of one layer of piezoelectric ceramic, so that the problem that the drilling effect is poor due to excessive absorption of ultrasonic vibration is avoided.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
the invention integrates the positive and inverse piezoelectric effects into a whole, eliminates the interference of ultrasonic waves while generating the ultrasonic waves, and accurately measures the axial force. Specifically, the structure of the existing ultrasonic drilling device is changed, the piezoelectric sensing elements capable of measuring ultrasonic waves and axial force are simultaneously arranged in the stress area and the non-stress area, and under the condition that the same ultrasonic waves can be received at the two places, the interference of the ultrasonic waves is removed by using a time domain difference method, so that accurate axial force signals borne by the piezoelectric sensing elements in the stress area are obtained.
Advantageous effects
(1) According to the traditional ultrasonic vibration processing device, the middle cylindrical structure with two piezoelectric materials (upper and lower circular surfaces) is designed, so that the device has the function of accurately measuring the axial force under the ultrasonic auxiliary vibration processing condition under the condition that the original device is not influenced;
(2) The signal processing equipment can be used for processing electric signals obtained by the piezoelectric materials at the upper and lower parts of the middle cylindrical structure, so that the interference of ultrasonic waves is removed, and the axial force borne by the drill bit can be obtained more accurately;
(3) The shapes of the upper piezoelectric material and the lower piezoelectric material of the middle cylindrical structure are specially designed, so that the measurement precision can be improved during measurement, and the absorption effect of a measurement part on ultrasonic waves generated by the longitudinal ultrasonic transducer is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall construction of a drilling device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a longitudinal ultrasonic transducer, a middle cylindrical structure and a horn;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a contactless power transfer system;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the propagation direction of ultrasonic waves and axial force;
the ultrasonic vibration-reduction-type ultrasonic vibration-reduction machine tool comprises a longitudinal ultrasonic transducer 1, a mounting sleeve 2, a connecting sleeve 3, a middle cylindrical structure 4, an amplitude transformer 5, a non-contact type electric energy transmission system 6, an ultrasonic power supply 7, a signal processing device 8, a force-bearing bolt 9, piezoelectric ceramics 10, an electrode plate 11, a flange structure III 12, a flange structure II 13, a flange structure I14, a transition cylinder 15, a amplitude-changing cone 16, a tool head 17, a front cover plate 18, an insulating sleeve 19, a rear cover plate 20, piezoelectric materials 21, a nylon gasket 22, a machine tool spindle 23, a fixed sleeve 24, a lead wire x25, a lead wire y26, a lead wire z27, a primary side magnetic core 28, a primary side coil 29, a secondary side magnetic core 30, a secondary side coil 31, an air gap 32, a guide pipe 33 and a machine tool spindle shell 34.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and these equivalents also fall within the scope of the claims appended to the present application.
A drilling device for measuring the axial force of a drill bit under the condition of ultrasonic-assisted vibration is disclosed as figure 1, and comprises a machine tool spindle 23, a machine tool spindle shell 34, a mounting sleeve 2, a connecting sleeve 3, a fixing sleeve 24, an amplitude transformer 5, a longitudinal ultrasonic transducer 1 and a middle cylindrical structure 4 which are positioned in the mounting sleeve 2, a non-contact electric energy transmission system 6 positioned outside the mounting sleeve 2, an ultrasonic power supply 7 and a signal processing device 8;
the lower part of the longitudinal ultrasonic transducer 1 is sequentially connected with a middle cylindrical structure 4 and an amplitude transformer 5 by a flange structure, and the upper end of the longitudinal ultrasonic transducer 1 is not contacted with other mechanisms;
as shown in fig. 2, the longitudinal ultrasonic transducer 1 includes a force-bearing bolt 9 (made of bolt steel), a front cover plate 18 (made of YL 12), 4-layer piezoelectric ceramics 10 (made of PZT 8), 5 electrode plates 11 (made of beryllium bronze), a rear cover plate 20 (made of 45 # steel), and an insulating sleeve 19; the force bearing bolt 9 sequentially compresses the front cover plate 18, the piezoelectric ceramic 10 and the rear cover plate 20 from top to bottom; the bearing bolt 9 is separated from the piezoelectric ceramic 10 by an insulating sleeve 19; the piezoelectric ceramics 10 and the electrode plates 11 are alternately placed; the lower end of the rear cover plate 20 is fixed to a flange mounting plate e;
the middle cylindrical structure 4 is, as shown in fig. 2, a main body of the middle cylindrical structure is a cylindrical structure, and the distance between the upper end surface and the lower end surface of the middle cylindrical structure is 40 mm-50 mm; the upper end surface of the cylinder is provided with a groove A with an upward opening, the lower end surface of the cylinder is provided with a groove B with a downward opening, the cross sections of the groove A and the groove B are both 1mm multiplied by 1mm square, the depth of the groove A and the groove B is 0.5mm, and the connecting line of points positioned at the central positions of the two grooves is superposed with the central axis of the cylinder; a group of piezoelectric components with the same shape and size as the corresponding grooves are respectively arranged in the groove A and the groove B, and each piezoelectric component consists of a nylon gasket 22, a piezoelectric material 21 (adopting a PVDF film) and a nylon gasket which are stacked in sequence; the nylon gasket 22 and the piezoelectric material 21 are both of sheet structures, the projection areas of the nylon gasket and the piezoelectric material in the thickness direction are the same as the cross section area of the groove A, the length, the width and the height of the piezoelectric component are the same as the length, the width and the depth of the groove (and the thickness of the piezoelectric material does not exceed the thickness of one layer of piezoelectric ceramic), and the piezoelectric component and the groove are ensured to be in a state of being naturally contacted without additional acting force; 2 flange mounting plates are respectively arranged on the circumferential surface of the middle cylindrical structure 4 at the upper end surface and the lower end surface, and are marked as a flange mounting plate b and a flange mounting plate d;
the amplitude transformer 5 is an integrally formed part which consists of a circular flange mounting plate a, a transition cylinder 15, an amplitude cone 16 and a tool head 17 from top to bottom in sequence as shown in FIG. 2, and the central axes of the four parts are positioned on the same straight line; the outer contour of the amplitude cone 16 is in a circular truncated cone-shaped structure, the large end is arranged at the upper part, and the small end is arranged at the lower part; the outer diameter of the flange mounting plate a is larger than that of the transition cylinder 15, the outer diameter of the transition cylinder 15 is the same as that of the large end of the amplitude variation cone 16, and the outer diameter of the small end of the amplitude variation cone 16 is the same as that of the tool head 17;
the flange structure is sequentially used for connecting the middle cylindrical structure 4 and the amplitude transformer 5 below the longitudinal ultrasonic transducer 1, and the following steps are included: the flange mounting plate d is attached to the flange mounting plate e and fastened by bolts to form a flange structure III 12, and the flange mounting plate a is attached to the flange mounting plate b and fastened by bolts to form a flange structure I14;
the connecting sleeve 3 is sleeved outside the mounting sleeve 2 and is fastened on the mounting sleeve 2 by bolts; the fixed sleeve 24 is sleeved outside the connecting sleeve 3 and is fastened on the machine tool spindle shell 34 by bolts; the non-contact power transmission system 6 is mounted on the connecting sleeve 3 and the fixing sleeve 24; as shown in fig. 1, a flange mounting plate c is arranged on the circumferential surface of the cylinder, the upper surface of the flange mounting plate c is not higher than the bottom of the groove a, and the lower surface of the flange mounting plate c is not lower than the bottom of the groove B; the flange mounting plate c and the bottom of the mounting sleeve 2 are fastened by bolts to form a flange structure II 13;
the non-contact power transmission system 6, as shown in fig. 3, includes three primary structures (each primary structure is composed of a primary magnetic core 28 and a primary coil 29) and three secondary structures (each secondary structure is composed of a secondary magnetic core 30 and a secondary coil 31); the method comprises the following steps that 1 primary side structure and 1 secondary side structure are recorded as a group, the primary side structure and the secondary side structure which are positioned in the same group are positioned on the same horizontal plane, and an air gap 32 is formed between the primary side structure and the secondary side structure; one group of primary structures and one group of secondary structures are respectively connected with a longitudinal ultrasonic power supply 7 and a longitudinal ultrasonic transducer 1 by leads, and the other two groups of primary structures and the other two groups of secondary structures are respectively connected with a signal processing device 8 and two piezoelectric components by leads; the installation of the non-contact power transmission system 6 on the connecting sleeve 3 and the fixing sleeve 24 specifically means that: the connecting sleeve 3 is provided with three wire holes o1 and three outer annular grooves, the wire holes o1 correspond to and are communicated with the outer annular grooves one by one, the outer annular grooves are formed on the outer surface of the connecting sleeve 3, the wire holes o1 are formed by penetrating through the side wall of the connecting sleeve 3, and secondary edge structures are arranged in the outer annular grooves; the fixing sleeve 24 comprises three wire holes o2 and three inner annular grooves, the wire holes o2 correspond to and are communicated with the inner annular grooves one by one, the inner annular grooves are formed on the inner surface of the fixing sleeve 24, the wire holes o2 are formed by penetrating through the side wall of the fixing sleeve 24, and original edge structures are placed in the inner annular grooves; the secondary side structure is connected with the longitudinal ultrasonic transducer 1 by a lead, which means that: the piezoelectric ceramic 10 is connected with the secondary side structure through an electrode plate 11 and a lead wire x25, and the lead wire x25 passes through a lead wire hole o1 corresponding to an outer annular groove for placing the secondary side structure; the secondary side structure is connected with the two piezoelectric components by a lead, and the secondary side structure is characterized in that: grooves for placing wires are respectively arranged on the end faces of the cylinders where the grooves A and the grooves B are located, the piezoelectric assembly in the groove A is connected with the secondary side structure through a wire y26, the wire y26 penetrates through the groove in the groove A and a wire hole o1 corresponding to an outer annular groove for placing the secondary side structure, the piezoelectric assembly in the groove B is connected with the secondary side structure through a wire z27, in order to protect the wire z27 and enable the wire z27 not to be exposed in a processing environment, a guide pipe 33 is connected to a flange structure (namely a flange structure I14) where the middle cylindrical structure 4 and the amplitude transformer 5 are connected, the guide pipe 33 penetrates through the mounting sleeve 2 and is connected with the connecting sleeve 3, and the wire z27 penetrates through the groove in the groove B, the guide pipe 33 and the wire hole o1 corresponding to the outer annular groove for placing the secondary side structure.
A drilling device for measuring the axial force of a drill bit under the condition of ultrasonic-assisted vibration comprises the following measuring processes:
as shown in fig. 4, when the drill bit works, the machine tool spindle 23 drives the longitudinal ultrasonic transducer 1, the middle cylindrical structure 4, the amplitude transformer 5, the tool head 17, the mounting sleeve 2 and the connecting sleeve 3 to rotate together, and the fixing sleeve 24 is connected with the machine tool spindle housing 34 through a bolt and keeps still; the 4-layer piezoelectric ceramic 10 generates longitudinal ultrasonic waves after receiving an electric signal sent by the ultrasonic power supply 7, and the longitudinal ultrasonic waves sequentially pass through the lower end of the longitudinal ultrasonic transducer 1, the middle cylindrical structure 4, the two piezoelectric materials 21 and the amplitude transformer 5 and are transmitted to a drill bit; the axial force sequentially passes through the tool head 17, the amplitude transformer 5, the lower end of the middle cylindrical structure 4 and the flange structure 13 and is finally transmitted to the machine tool spindle 23 through the mounting sleeve 2; the longitudinal ultrasonic transducer 1, the middle cylindrical structure 4 and the amplitude transformer 5 can be regarded as a whole during stress analysis, and as the middle flange structure II 13 of the middle cylindrical structure 4 is connected with the mounting sleeve 2, and the upper end of the longitudinal ultrasonic transducer 1 is not contacted with other mechanisms, the lower part of the flange structure II 13 bears axial force during processing, and the upper end of the middle cylindrical structure 4 and the longitudinal ultrasonic transducer 1 are not acted by the axial force;
when the drill bit works, the piezoelectric material above the middle cylindrical structure 4 is only subjected to the action of ultrasonic waves and cannot be subjected to axial force generated during processing; the piezoelectric material below the middle cylindrical structure 4 is simultaneously acted by ultrasonic waves and axial force; according to the electric signals generated at the upper part and the lower part of the middle cylindrical structure 4, a signal processing device 8 is adopted, and a time domain difference (Weixinhua, zhangingmin, but Zhimin, liucheng Liang. Impulse type grain flow sensor production measuring signal processing method [ J ]. Agricultural engineering report, 2014,30 (15): 222-228.) is applied to eliminate the same interference on the two signals so as to remove the interference of ultrasonic signals;
according to the piezoelectric force measuring principle, when the stress acting on the piezoelectric material changes, namely the axial force borne by the drill bit changes, due to the positive piezoelectric effect, the piezoelectric material generates charges q = d σ, wherein σ is the stress borne by the piezoelectric material in the z-axis direction, namely the feeding direction of the drill bit, d is a piezoelectric coefficient in each direction, the generated charges q correspond to the axial force one by one, and the axial force borne by the drill bit can be obtained by performing mathematical processing on the restored electric signals.
Claims (2)
1. The utility model provides a measure drilling device of drill bit axial force under ultrasonic wave auxiliary vibration condition, includes lathe main shaft (23), lathe main shaft shell (34), installation sleeve (2) and becomes width of cloth pole (5), characterized by: the device also comprises a longitudinal ultrasonic transducer (1) positioned in the mounting sleeve (2), a non-contact electric energy transmission system (6) positioned outside the mounting sleeve (2), a connecting sleeve (3), a fixing sleeve (24), an ultrasonic power supply (7) and signal processing equipment (8);
a flange structure is sequentially used below the longitudinal ultrasonic transducer (1) to connect the middle cylindrical structure (4) and the amplitude transformer (5); the upper end of the longitudinal ultrasonic transducer (1) is not contacted with other mechanisms;
the main body of the middle cylindrical structure (4) is in a cylindrical structure, the upper end surface of the cylinder is provided with a groove A with an upward opening, the lower end surface of the cylinder is provided with a groove B with a downward opening, the shapes and the sizes of the groove A and the groove B are the same, and the connecting line of points at the same positions on the two grooves is parallel to the central axis of the cylinder; piezoelectric components with the same shape and size as the corresponding grooves are arranged in the grooves A and the grooves B; the piezoelectric assembly consists of a nylon gasket (22), a piezoelectric material (21) and the nylon gasket (22) which are sequentially stacked, wherein the nylon gasket (22) and the piezoelectric material (21) are both of sheet structures; a flange mounting plate c is arranged on the circumferential surface of the cylinder, the upper surface of the flange mounting plate c is not higher than the bottom of the groove A, and the lower surface of the flange mounting plate c is not lower than the bottom of the groove B; the flange mounting plate c and the bottom of the mounting sleeve (2) are fastened by bolts to form a flange structure II (13);
the non-contact electric energy transmission system (6) comprises three primary side structures and three secondary side structures; the 1 primary side structure and the 1 secondary side structure are recorded as a group, the primary side structure and the secondary side structure which are positioned in the same group are positioned on the same horizontal plane, and an air gap (32) is formed between the primary side structure and the secondary side structure; one group of primary structures and one group of secondary structures are respectively connected with an ultrasonic power supply (7) and a longitudinal ultrasonic transducer (1) by leads, and the other two groups of primary structures and the other two groups of secondary structures are respectively connected with a signal processing device (8) and two piezoelectric components by leads;
the connecting sleeve (3) is sleeved outside the mounting sleeve (2) and fastened on the mounting sleeve (2) by bolts;
the fixed sleeve (24) is sleeved outside the connecting sleeve (3) and is fastened on a machine tool spindle shell (34) by bolts;
the non-contact electric energy transmission system (6) is arranged on the connecting sleeve (3) and the fixed sleeve (24);
the amplitude transformer (5) is an integrally formed part which consists of a circular flange mounting plate a, a transition cylinder (15), an amplitude-variable cone (16) and a tool head (17) from top to bottom in sequence, and the central shafts of the amplitude transformer and the tool head are positioned on the same straight line;
2 flange mounting plates are respectively arranged on the circumferential surface of the middle cylindrical structure (4) at the upper end surface and the lower end surface and are marked as a flange mounting plate b and a flange mounting plate d; the flange mounting plate a and the flange mounting plate b are attached and fastened by bolts to form a flange structure I (14);
the longitudinal ultrasonic transducer (1) comprises a bearing bolt (9), a front cover plate (18), a plurality of layers of piezoelectric ceramics (10), a plurality of electrode plates (11), a rear cover plate (20) and an insulating sleeve (19); the force bearing bolt (9) sequentially compresses the front cover plate (18), the piezoelectric ceramic (10) and the rear cover plate (20) from top to bottom; the bearing bolt (9) is separated from the piezoelectric ceramic (10) by an insulating sleeve (19); the piezoelectric ceramics (10) and the electrode plates (11) are alternately arranged; the lower end of the rear cover plate (20) is provided with a flange mounting plate e; the flange mounting plate d and the flange mounting plate e are attached and fastened by bolts to form a flange structure III (12);
the projection surface of the piezoelectric material (21) along the thickness direction is square, the area of the projection surface of the piezoelectric ceramic (10) in the longitudinal ultrasonic transducer (1) along the thickness direction is not more than the area of the projection surface, and the thickness of the piezoelectric material (21) is not more than the thickness of one layer of piezoelectric ceramic;
the non-contact type electric energy transmission system (6) is arranged on the connecting sleeve (3) and the fixed sleeve (24) and comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
the connecting sleeve (3) is provided with three wire holes o1 and three outer annular grooves, and the wire holes o1 are in one-to-one correspondence and communication with the outer annular grooves; an outer annular groove is formed on the outer surface of the connecting sleeve (3), a wire guide hole o1 is formed by penetrating through the side wall of the connecting sleeve (3), and a secondary edge structure is arranged in the outer annular groove;
the fixing sleeve (24) comprises three wire holes o2 and three inner annular grooves, the wire holes o2 correspond to and are communicated with the inner annular grooves one by one, the inner annular grooves are formed on the inner surface of the fixing sleeve (24), the wire holes o2 are formed by penetrating through the side wall of the fixing sleeve (24), and original edge structures are placed in the inner annular grooves;
the secondary side structure is connected with the longitudinal ultrasonic transducer (1) by a lead, and the method comprises the following steps: the piezoelectric ceramic (10) is connected with the secondary side structure through an electrode plate (11) and a lead x (25), and the lead x (25) penetrates through a lead hole o1 corresponding to an outer annular groove for placing the secondary side structure;
the secondary side structure is connected with the two piezoelectric components by a lead, and the secondary side structure is characterized in that:
grooves for placing wires are respectively arranged on the end surfaces of the cylinders where the grooves A and the grooves B are arranged;
the piezoelectric assembly in the groove A is connected with the secondary side structure through a lead y (26), and the lead y (26) penetrates through a groove on the groove A and a lead hole o1 corresponding to an outer annular groove for placing the secondary side structure;
the piezoelectric assembly in the groove B is connected with the secondary side structure through a lead z (27), and the lead z (27) passes through the groove on the groove B and a lead hole o1 corresponding to an outer annular groove for placing the secondary side structure.
2. A drilling assembly for measuring the axial force of a drill bit under ultrasonic-assisted vibration conditions as defined in claim 1 wherein the flange structure of the intermediate cylindrical structure (4) to the horn (5) is connected to a conduit (33), the conduit (33) is connected to the connecting sleeve (3) through the mounting sleeve (2), and the wire z (27) is connected to the wire guide (33) through the groove in the recess B and the wire guide opening o1 corresponding to the outer annular groove in which the secondary structure is located.
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