A kind of single-electrical signal encourages ultrasonic elliptical vibratory extruding machining apparatus
Technical field
It is applied to engine lathe, plain-milling machine, common boring machine and its corresponding Digit Control Machine Tool, processing the present invention relates to one kind
Part inner and outer surfaces strengthen the ultrasonic vibration pressurizing unit of finishing, more particularly, to only needing to all the way by the equipment such as center
Ultrasonic-frequency power supply provides the single-electrical signal excitation ultrasonic elliptical vibratory extruding machining apparatus of electric power signal.
Background technology
Extrusion process is the process of a conventional surface peening and finishing, and it is mostly used for the inside and outside of rotary part
Surface Machining, frequently as last one of machining operation be applied to piece surface reinforcing, stress state and surface quality have compared with
The occasion of high request.Common extrusion process extruding force is big, and friction is serious, and compressive surface quality is low, ultrasonic unidirectionally extruded technique tool
Have simple percussion, can be within each vibration period extrusion head by one-shot, this action process can reduce
Friction, but impact wear can be reduced seriously the extrusion head life-span.
In order to overcome the shortcomings of common technological process of extruding and unidirectional ultrasonic vibration technological process of extruding, Publication No.
CN101942547B patent of invention document discloses a kind of ultrasonic elliptical vibratory pressurizing unit and carries out piece surface light with it
Whole vibration-extrusion processing method, the device uses a ultrasonic transformer, four structure identical driving sources and a compression tool,
Compression tool is arranged on the deferent segment of ultrasonic transformer, and four driving sources are separately mounted to four grooves of the activation fragment of ultrasonic transformer
It is interior.It is divided into the excitation that two groups of applications have certain phase difference to four driving sources by the ultrasonic electric signal of two-way, realizes luffing
The tangent bend ultrasonic elliptical vibratory of bar activation fragment, and then the ultrasonic elliptical vibratory of extrusion head is realized, the apparatus and method can have
Effect effectively reduction extruding force, improves workpiece surface roughness, extends the service life of extrusion head.But the device needs to use two
Group piezoelectric ceramic piece produces two mode of oscillations with certain phase difference to excite, it is necessary to be equipped with for every group of piezoelectric ceramic piece
Ultrasound-driven power supply signal, and need to control the phase difference between each road ultrasound-driven power supply signal, ultrasonic vibration system all the way
Complicated with Control system architecture, manufacture difficulty is big, control difficulty is high, production cost is high, be difficult to realize miniaturization, service behaviour not
Enough stable, these problems constrain the application of ultrasonic elliptical vibratory transducer in the industrial production and popularization.
The content of the invention
Ultrasonic elliptical vibratory extruding machining apparatus is encouraged the invention provides a kind of new single-electrical signal, in order to
Not enough, raising extrusion process efficiency, reduction ultrasonic elliptical vibratory present in existing ultrasonic elliptical vibratory pressurizing unit is overcome to squeeze
The complexity of pressure device and the production cost for reducing ultrasonic elliptical vibratory pressurizing unit.
A kind of single-electrical signal encourages ultrasonic elliptical vibratory extruding machining apparatus, including supporting plate, overcoat, linear bearing, pre-
Pressure apparatus, housing unit, the single-excitation ultrasonic oval vibration energy converter being placed in housing unit, elliptical vibration modal transducer and it is arranged on ellipse
The extrusion head of circular vibration modal transducer front end;Described housing unit includes front apron, inner sleeve and rear baffle, described branch
Fagging is set on the coat, for coupling with lathe cutter saddle by welding or screw attachment;Described linear bearing is slip
Linear bearing or rolling linear bearing, described linear bearing are supported between housing unit and overcoat;Described precompression dress
Install in the rear end of overcoat inner housing unit, for providing the precompression between extrusion head and workpiece.
Described single-excitation ultrasonic oval vibration energy converter outline is cylinder, and it includes bolt and the bonnet being sequentially sleeved on bolt
Be provided with the ring flange coupled with housing unit on plate, piezoelectric ceramic piece, electrode slice and front shroud, front shroud, back shroud and
Front shroud, which is coupled back shroud, piezoelectric ceramic piece, electrode slice and front shroud by bolt, to be compressed, and constitutes single-excitation ultrasonic oval vibration energy converter
Energy conversion part, the longitudinal ultrasonic that the ultrasonic electric signal that can export ultrasonic-frequency power supply is converted to single-excitation ultrasonic oval vibration energy converter shakes
It is dynamic.
Described elliptical vibration modal transducer is fabricated to a front end for being integrally provided in front shroud with front shroud, or
Elliptical vibration modal transducer is welded to the front end for being arranged on front shroud, or elliptical vibration modal transducer is joined by screw
The front end for being arranged on front shroud is connect, described elliptical vibration modal transducer is generally cylindrical, and both sides offer three up and down
The rectangular indentation being dislocatedly distributed;Transition circle is provided with the connection place of elliptical vibration modal transducer and ultrasonic transducer front shroud
Arc.
Elliptical vibration modal transducer is arranged on the sub-assembly constituted behind single-excitation ultrasonic oval vibration energy converter front end referred to as single-electrical signal
Ultrasonic elliptical vibratory transducer is encouraged, the purpose that both sides open up rectangular indentation above and below elliptical vibration modal transducer is to change
Become the mode of oscillation that single-electrical signal encourages ultrasonic elliptical vibratory transducer, make its longitudinal vibration mode frequency and flexural vibration mode
Frequency is close or equal.
Extrusion head is arranged on the front end of elliptical vibration modal transducer by welding or joint bolt connection;Work as ultrasonic vibration
Energy is delivered to behind elliptical vibration modal transducer end from single-excitation ultrasonic oval vibration energy converter, is converted to the longitudinal direction with certain phase difference
The vertical curved composite ultrasonic elliptical vibratory that vibration and flexural vibrations are combined, that is, be converted to the vertical curved of elliptical vibration modal transducer end
Composite ultrasonic elliptical vibratory;And drive extrusion head and elliptical vibration modal transducer end to do ultrasonic elliptical vibratory together.
Single-excitation ultrasonic oval vibration energy converter is placed in housing unit, and the ring flange of single-excitation ultrasonic oval vibration energy converter is arranged at the fovea superior of inner sleeve
In seam, front apron is arranged on the opposite side of ring flange, and fixation is played to whole single-excitation ultrasonic oval vibration energy converter, and rear baffle is arranged on
The downside of inner sleeve, prevents the debris such as dust, iron filings from entering in housing unit, influences single-excitation ultrasonic oval vibration energy converter service behaviour;
The ultrasonic elliptical vibratory extrusion system introduced compared to existing literature, single-electrical signal excitation ultrasonic elliptical vibratory extruding machining apparatus
With power capacity is big, energy conversion efficiency is high, simple in construction, easy to manufacture, cost is low, the rigidity of structure is big, control drivetrain
The advantages of system is simply and vibration-extrusion performance is stable.The other invention becomes the single-point impact of common unidirectional ultrasonic extrusion process
Extrude as the extrusion process of ultrasonic elliptical vibratory track, within the unit interval, extrusion head is greatly improved in ultrasonic elliptical vibratory
Motion path, and the area of single extrusion processing is significantly broadened, therefore extrusion process efficiency and extruding can be increased substantially
Workpiece surface quality.
Further, described single-excitation ultrasonic oval vibration energy converter only has one group of extensional vibration piezoelectric ceramic piece.
Further, described single-excitation ultrasonic oval vibration energy converter only needs to ultrasonic electric signal excitation all the way.
Further, the operating frequency range of described single-excitation ultrasonic oval vibration energy converter is 18kHz-40kHz.
The extensional vibration of single-excitation ultrasonic oval vibration energy converter is converted to ellipse present invention employs mechanical oscillation mode conversion mechanism
The vertical curved composite ultrasonic elliptical vibratory of mode of oscillation transducer end and vibration head, simplifies the ultrasonic ellipse of single-electrical signal excitation and shakes
The overall structure of dynamic extrusion system, greatly reduces the complexity of vibrational system, reduces manufacture, assembly difficulty and be produced into
This;The other invention only needs to control circuit and ultrasonic-frequency power supply to enter row energization all the way, control difficulty is low, it is to avoid two-phase or multiphase
Ultrasonic vibration is compounded to form the complicated ultrasonic-frequency power supply development cost of elliptical vibration transducer, simplifies control circuit and ultrasonic-frequency power supply
Structure, reduces control circuit and ultrasonic-frequency power supply cost, it is easy to accomplish control circuit and ultrasonic-frequency power supply it is integrated, improve and be
System functional reliability, stable work in work has a extensive future.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the front view of schematic structural view of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the top view of schematic structural view of the invention.
Fig. 3 is the front view of single-electrical signal excitation ultrasonic elliptical vibratory transducer in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the top view of single-electrical signal excitation ultrasonic elliptical vibratory transducer in the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the application example schematic diagram of the present invention.
Label declaration in figure:1. bolt, 2. back shrouds, 3. piezoelectric ceramic pieces, 4. electrode slices, 5. front shrouds, 6. ring flanges,
7. elliptical vibration modal transducer, 8. extrusion heads, 9. front aprons, 10. inner sleeves, 11. rear baffles, 12. linear bearings, outside 13.
Set, 14. precompressed power apparatus, 15. supporting plates, 16. ultrasonic-frequency power supplies, 17. workpiece, 18. rectangular indentations.
Embodiment
With reference to shown in Fig. 1,2,3,4, a kind of single-electrical signal excitation ultrasonic elliptical vibratory extruding machining apparatus includes supporting plate
15th, overcoat 13, linear bearing 12, precompressed power apparatus 14, housing unit, the single-excitation ultrasonic oval vibration energy converter being placed in housing unit, ellipse
Circular vibration modal transducer 7 and the extrusion head 8 for being arranged on the front end of elliptical vibration modal transducer 7;Housing unit includes front apron
9th, inner sleeve 10 and rear baffle 11, the one end of supporting plate 15 be welded on overcoat 13 it is cylindrical on, the other end be fixed on lathe cutter saddle with
Lathe couples;Single-excitation ultrasonic oval vibration energy converter outline is cylinder, its back shroud for including bolt 1 and being sequentially sleeved on bolt 1
2nd, the ring flange 6 coupled with housing unit, bonnet are provided with piezoelectric ceramic piece 3, electrode slice 4 and front shroud 5, front shroud 5
Back shroud 2, piezoelectric ceramic piece 3, electrode slice 4 and front shroud 5 are coupled compression by plate 2 and front shroud 5 by bolt 1, are constituted super
The energy conversion part of acoustic vibration transducer, single-excitation ultrasonic oval vibration energy converter is converted to by the ultrasonic electric signal that ultrasonic-frequency power supply 16 is exported
Longitudinal ultrasonic vibration.Single-excitation ultrasonic oval vibration energy converter only has one group of extensional vibration piezoelectric ceramic piece 3, piezoelectric ceramic transducer section diameter
30mm, piezoelectric ceramic piece 3 is PZT-8, and size is:Ф30×Ф15×5, the piece number of piezoelectric ceramic piece 3 is 2.
Rolling linear bearing 12 is supported between housing unit and overcoat 13;Pre-pressure of the spring device 14 is arranged on overcoat 13
The rear end of inner casing body unit, the precompression between extrusion head 8 and workpiece 17 is 250N.
Elliptical vibration modal transducer 7 and front shroud 5 are fabricated to the front end that an one-piece parts are arranged on front shroud 5,
The connection place of elliptical vibration modal transducer 7 and ultrasonic transducer front shroud 5 is provided with transition arc., transition arc radius is
5mm, elliptical vibration modal transducer 7 is generally cylindrical, and both sides offer three rectangular indentations being dislocatedly distributed 18, three up and down
The individual width of rectangular indentation 18 is 6mm, and depth is 3mm, and the distance of the centre-to-centre spacing front end face of three rectangular indentations 18 is respectively 15mm,
25mm, 35mm.The central axis of both sides rectangular indentation 18 is vertical with plane to be processed above and below elliptical vibration modal transducer.Squeeze
Pressure head 8 couples the front end for being arranged on elliptical vibration modal transducer 7 by joint bolt.
Single-excitation ultrasonic oval vibration energy converter is placed in housing unit, and the ring flange 6 of single-excitation ultrasonic oval vibration energy converter is arranged at inner sleeve 10
In fovea superior seam, front apron 9 is linked together by screw and inner sleeve 10, is pressed on the opposite side of ring flange 6, to whole super
Acoustic vibration transducer plays fixation, and rear baffle 11 is by screw attachment on the right side of inner sleeve 10.
Intrinsic frequency after single-excitation ultrasonic oval vibration energy converter and elliptical vibration modal transducer 7 couple is 19.84KHz, and impedance is
83 ohm, dynamic electric resistor is 19 ohm, and the output voltage range of ultrasonic-frequency power supply 16 is 0-400V, and current range is 0-4A, output frequency
Rate is 19.84 ± 0.01KHz, and ultrasonic-frequency power supply 16 has automatic frequency tracking function in designated frequency range.
During operation, with reference to shown in Fig. 5, the electrode slice 4 of single-excitation ultrasonic oval vibration energy converter is connected with ultrasonic-frequency power supply 16, works as ultrasonic vibration
After the electric signal that the access ultrasonic-frequency power supply 16 of electrode slice 4 of transducer is exported, due to the inverse piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric ceramic piece 3, piezoelectricity
Potsherd 3 will produce longitudinal ultrasonic vibration, i.e. single-excitation ultrasonic oval vibration energy converter and the electric energy that ultrasonic-frequency power supply 16 is exported is converted into longitudinal direction
Ultrasonic vibration, and drive whole single-excitation ultrasonic oval vibration energy converter system to carry out longitudinal ultrasonic vibration, ultrasonic vibrational energy is from ultrasonic vibration
Transducer is delivered to behind the end of elliptical vibration modal transducer 7, is converted to extensional vibration and bending with certain phase difference and is shaken
Compound vertical curved composite ultrasonic elliptical vibratory is moved, that is, the vertical curved composite ultraphonic for being converted to the end of elliptical vibration modal transducer 7 is ellipse
Circular vibration;And drive extrusion head 8 and the end of elliptical vibration modal transducer 7 to do ultrasonic elliptical vibratory together.
After on-load voltage is run 10 minutes, single-electrical signal excitation ultrasonic elliptical vibratory extruding machining apparatus reaches stable shake
Dynamic state, now the regulated output voltage of ultrasonic-frequency power supply 16 is 220V, and electric current is 1.35A, is surveyed using laser doppler vibrometer
It is respectively 14.3 microns and 5.2 microns to obtain the long semi-minor axis amplitude of ultrasonic elliptical vibratory, and by with lissajouf figure computing work(
The signal that the dual trace oscilloscope of energy is measured to laser doppler vibrometer carries out graphic operation, and it is 2.73 that can obtain axial ratio
Ultrasonic elliptical vibratory track, fully meet the requirement of ultrasonic elliptical vibratory extrusion process.
The present invention is applied to engine lathe, plain-milling machine, common boring machine and its accordingly Digit Control Machine Tool, machining center etc. are set
It is standby, encourage ultrasonic elliptical vibratory extruding machining apparatus to be arranged on lathe cutter saddle the single-electrical signal by supporting plate 15 first,
Carry out normally to knife, adjust it to suitable installation site.Then ultrasonic-frequency power supply 16 is opened, the need for extrusion process, adjustment
Working frequency, makes extrusion head 8 be in optimal ultrasonic elliptical vibratory state, according to technological requirement, sets squeezing parameter, such as extrudes
Speed, squeeze pressure, the amount of feeding, you can proceed by ultrasonic elliptical vibratory extrusion process.In addition, ultrasonic-frequency power supply 16 has automatically
Frequency-tracking function, in the actually extruding course of work, if due to the reasons such as crush resistance change, ultrasonic elliptical vibratory extruding
The intrinsic frequency of system is changed, and the output frequency of ultrasonic-frequency power supply 16 can therewith change and keep intrinsic with pressurizing unit
Frequency is consistent, to ensure that single-electrical signal excitation ultrasonic elliptical vibratory extruding machining apparatus is in optimum Working all the time.