CN114309401B - Out-of-body free forging near-net forming method of large-diameter differential forging ring forging - Google Patents
Out-of-body free forging near-net forming method of large-diameter differential forging ring forging Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 123
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 208000037170 Delayed Emergence from Anesthesia Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The invention provides an out-of-body free forging near-net forming method of a large-diameter differential forging ring forging piece, which comprises the following steps: directly blanking a hot-delivered steel ingot, upsetting to form a conical blank, prefabricating an intermediate blank-forming an inner hole residual block, prefabricating an intermediate blank-forming an outer circle step, reaming and forming a step blank, returning to a furnace for cooling and supplementary heating, forming a large end conical surface outside a machine body, and performing heat treatment after forging by adopting a heat treatment process method of normalizing and high-temperature tempering. The invention reduces heating fire time and greatly reduces kinetic energy consumption; the problem that the step difference of the outer diameter of the conventional preform is too large to be reamed is solved; the problem that the forging of the alternate forging ring with the specification of 7.6m and above beyond the transverse open gear of the press cannot be realized is solved, and the limit forging capability is further improved; the heat treatment after forging realizes the synchronous refinement of the structure of the special-shaped section and solves the problem of uneven grains; the near-net forming of the 7.6 m-level or more alternative beating rings beyond the transverse open gear of the maximum specification press is realized without adding special tire molds or large-scale tools.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of forging, and particularly relates to an out-of-body free forging near-net forming method of a large-diameter differential forging ring forging piece.
Background
With the continuous increase of offshore wind power installation capacity, the diameter of a pile top flange in single pile sinking operation reaches 8m, the specification of a hydraulic pile hammer key component matched with the pile top flange, namely a substitute driving ring, can meet the construction requirement only by at least reaching 8.1m, the diameter of the existing integral forging substitute driving ring is 7.58m at the maximum, the outside diameter of the existing substitute driving ring does not exceed the starting size of forging equipment, the step diameter difference is smaller, the blank is forged and formed in a press body by adopting methods such as die forging forming or radial reaming forming in the press body, the problems of high cost of die forging tool investment, more forging times, complicated working procedures, huge energy consumption, easiness in coarse crystallization and the like exist, and the most critical is that the near net forming of the substitute driving ring of more than 7.6m level cannot be realized due to the fact that the diameter of the forging exceeds the transverse starting size of a world maximum specification press in the prior art are adopted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the forming of a large-diameter differential forging ring forging with the specification of 7.6m and above cannot be realized in the prior art, and provides an out-of-body free forging near-net forming method of the large-diameter differential forging ring forging, which realizes near-net forming of 7.6 m-level or above differential forging rings exceeding the transverse open gear of a press with the maximum specification.
The invention adopts the technical scheme for solving the technical problems that: an out-of-body free forging near-net forming method of a large-diameter differential forging ring forging piece comprises the following preparation steps:
step one, directly blanking a hot-feeding steel ingot: manufacturing a super-large double-vacuum multi-edge cylindrical steel ingot with the raw material larger than 320t by a forging piece, demolding 3.0-4.5 h in advance, measuring the temperature of the position of the ingot body to be more than 750 ℃, hot conveying the steel ingot to a forging process, gas cutting the sharp corner of the riser end of the blank, gas cutting the riser along a riser line at a gradient alpha of 20-30 degrees, gas cutting the tail of the ingot along the bottom plane, and finishing blanking;
step two, upsetting the blank: the blank is placed on a rotary table 2 after being subjected to high-temperature heat preservation at 1250-1260 ℃, an upsetting cover plate is placed at the upper end of the blank, flat upsetting is firstly adopted until the height-diameter ratio of the blank is 0.8-1.0, then cross spinning upsetting is carried out by adopting an upper flat anvil, the upsetting height is 40-60 mm higher than the height of a finished product of a forging piece, and a conical cake-shaped blank with large upper end diameter and small lower end diameter is formed;
step three, prefabricating an intermediate blank and forming an inner hole residual block: firstly punching a blank by using a hollow punch, turning the punched material to erect, penetrating into a step beam for reaming, and arranging one end of the blank with a large diameter at one end of the step beam with a small diameter, reaming by using an upper flat anvil to form an annular intermediate blank with a residual block in an inner hole, wherein the reaming ratio is 1.6-2.0;
step four, prefabricating an intermediate blank-forming an outer circular step: placing one end of the blank inner hole with the surplus block after reaming in the third step downwards on a rotary workbench, aligning the center of the blank inner hole with the surplus block, clamping a profiling forging tool by an operating machine, and forming an outer circle step by using the outer wall of the top end of the side surface spinning blank of the profiling forging tool, wherein the reduction of the outer circle step is 0.3-0.4 times of the anvil feeding amount;
step five, reaming and forming a step blank: penetrating the large-diameter end of the step horse bar into the inner hole of the blank processed in the fourth step, and adopting an upper flat anvil to press only one end with the large diameter of the blank for carrying out the reaming of the horse bar until the size of the inner hole meets the technological requirement;
step six, returning to the furnace for cooling and supplementary heating: turning over the blank, putting the blank into a flat furnace, and lowering the heating temperature to 1000-1100 ℃ with the end with the large diameter facing downwards, wherein the heat preservation time is calculated according to the section size of the end with the large diameter and 0.35-0.45 h/100 mm;
step seven, forming a large end conical surface outside the machine body: placing one end of the blank with the large diameter formed in the fifth step on a rotary table horizontally downwards, placing the center of the blank in an offset manner, enabling the center of the blank to be offset by 500-800 mm along the moving direction of a feeding table, supporting the blank by four-jaw hanging tongs beyond the working surface of the rotary table, clamping a profiling forging tool on a step of a formed outer circle by an operating machine, positioning the head forming part of the profiling forging tool against the outer circle of the small end of the blank, pressing the upper flat anvil downwards to the upper plane of the profiling forging tool, performing profiling forging on the conical surface part, sequentially lifting the upper flat anvil and the profiling forging tool after the first hammer is pressed, rotating the rotary table anticlockwise, simultaneously enabling the four-jaw hanging tongs to assist in clamping the blank to complete the rotation of the blank, spinning one end conical surface with the large diameter, and enabling the pressing down amount to be 70-110 mm, and enabling the rotation angle to be 8-11 degrees;
and step eight, performing heat treatment after forging by adopting a normalizing and high-temperature tempering process, wherein in the normalizing cooling process, blast mist cooling is performed on only one end of the blank with a large diameter.
Further, the diameter of the hollow punch in the third step is 1100-1500 mm.
Further, step three middle step horse thick stick is including the thick stick I and the thick stick II that connect gradually, and the diameter of thick stick I is less than the diameter of thick stick II, and the diameter difference of thick stick I and thick stick II is 260~300mm.
Further, the profiling forging tool in the seventh step is provided with a clamping long handle with the diameter of 500-600 mm, and the taper of the forming part of the head part of the profiling forging tool is smaller than the taper of the finished product alternate forging ring by 3-5 degrees.
Further, in the step eight, the normalizing temperature is 890-910 ℃ and the time is 8-10 h; hanging a trolley in the normalizing cooling process, cooling to 390-400 ℃ by blowing air, and then cooling to 280-290 ℃ by air cooling to enter a furnace; the tempering temperature is 650-660 ℃ and the time is 70-80 h.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: according to the method for forming the large-diameter differential forging ring forging piece by the out-of-machine free forging near-net method, the hot-feeding steel ingot is adopted for direct blanking, so that heating heat is reduced, and kinetic energy consumption is greatly reduced; the prefabricated intermediate blank process forms a residual block in the inner hole, so that reasonable distribution of large-diameter differential forging ring forging blank is realized, and the problem that the outer diameter step of the conventional prefabricated blank is too large to be reamed is solved; the problem that 7.6m and above specification of the alternative forging ring beyond the transverse open gear of the press cannot be forged is solved by using an external forming method of the machine body, and the limit forging capability is further improved; the cooling process of heat treatment after forging blows air to the end with the large diameter of the blank for fog cooling, thereby realizing synchronous refinement of the structure of the special-shaped section and solving the problem of uneven grains; the near-net forming of the 7.6 m-level or more alternative beating rings beyond the transverse open gear of the maximum specification press is realized without adding special tire molds or large-scale tools.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a double-vacuum polygonal cylindrical steel ingot in embodiment 1 of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of blank upsetting in inventive example 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the blank in invention example 1 for cross-spinning upsetting;
FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of a cross-spinning anvil according to example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of the blank in the initial state of reaming with a step bar in embodiment 1 of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the structure of the blank in the final state of reaming with a step bar in inventive example 1;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the structure of the outside step of spin-press forming in embodiment 1 of the invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic view showing the initial structure of the large end of the blank in the invention example 1;
fig. 9 is a schematic view showing the structure of the final state of the large end of the blank in the invention example 1;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing the structure of the initial state of the outer body forming large end cone in embodiment 1 of the invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view showing the structure of the end state of the outer body forming large end cone in embodiment 1 of the invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view showing the structure of the end state of the outer body forming large end cone in embodiment 1 of the invention;
the drawing mark comprises a drawing mark body 1, a blank body 2, a rotary table 3, an upper flat anvil 4, a profiling forging tool 5, an operating machine 6, a press stand column 7, a step horse bar 8, an upsetting cover plate 11, a steel ingot riser 12 and a steel ingot tail.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments, and the present embodiment provides detailed embodiments and specific operation procedures on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
An out-of-body free forging near-net forming method of a large-diameter differential forging ring forging piece comprises the following preparation steps:
step one, directly blanking a hot-feeding steel ingot: manufacturing a super-large double-vacuum multi-edge cylindrical steel ingot with the raw material larger than 320t by a forging piece, demolding 3.0-4.5 h in advance, measuring the temperature of the position of the ingot body to be more than 750 ℃, hot conveying the steel ingot to a forging process, gas cutting the sharp corner of the riser end of the blank, gas cutting the riser along a riser line at a gradient alpha of 20-30 degrees, gas cutting the tail of the ingot along the bottom plane, and finishing blanking;
step two, upsetting the blank: the blank is placed on a rotary table 2 after being subjected to high-temperature heat preservation at 1250-1260 ℃, an upsetting cover plate is placed at the upper end of the blank, flat upsetting is firstly adopted until the height-diameter ratio (height/diameter) of the blank is 0.8-1.0, then cross spinning upsetting is carried out by adopting an upper flat anvil, the upsetting height is 40-60 mm higher than the height of a finished product of a forging, and a conical cake-shaped blank with a large upper end diameter and a small lower end diameter is formed; the end with the larger diameter of the blank is called as a large end, and the end with the smaller diameter of the blank is called as a small end;
step three, prefabricating an intermediate blank and forming an inner hole residual block: firstly punching a blank by using a hollow punch, wherein the punched diameter is 50-120 mm larger than the outer diameter of the end of a step Ma Gangda, then turning the punched material, penetrating into a step horse bar for reaming, placing the large end of the blank at the end of the step horse bar with smaller diameter, reaming by using an upper flat anvil to form an annular intermediate blank with a residual block in an inner hole, and the reaming ratio is 1.6-2.0; the rest blocks can also be called as lugs which are arranged along the circumference of the inner hole of the blank;
step four, prefabricating an intermediate blank-forming an outer circular step: placing one end of the blank inner hole with the surplus block after reaming in the third step downwards on a rotary workbench, aligning the center of the blank inner hole with the surplus block, clamping a profiling forging tool by an operating machine, forming an outer circle step by using the outer wall of the top end of the profiling forging tool in a side spinning mode, and pressing and downwards sinking the outer wall of the top end of the blank to form an outer circle step, wherein the reduction of the outer circle step is 0.3-0.4 times of the anvil feeding amount;
step five, reaming and forming a step blank: penetrating the large-diameter end of the step horse bar into the inner hole of the blank processed in the fourth step, and adopting an upper flat anvil to press the large end of the blank only for carrying out the reaming of the horse bar until the size of the inner hole meets the technological requirement;
step six, returning to the furnace for cooling and supplementary heating: turning over the blank, putting the blank into a flat furnace, keeping the blank in a state that the large end faces downwards, reducing the heating temperature to 1000-1100 ℃, and keeping the blank at the temperature for 0.35-0.45 h/100mm according to the section size of the large end;
step seven, forming a large end conical surface outside the machine body: placing the large end of the blank formed in the fifth step on a rotary table horizontally downwards, placing the center of the blank in an offset manner, enabling the center of the blank to be offset by 500-800 mm along the moving direction of a feeding table, supporting by four-jaw hanging tongs beyond the working face of the rotary table, clamping a profiling forging tool by an operating machine, placing the profiling forging tool on a formed outer circle step, positioning the plane of the right end of the profiling forging tool against the outer circle of the small end of the blank, spinning to form a large end conical surface, pressing the right end of the profiling forging tool, namely the head part of the profiling forging tool, and pressing the forming part of the head part of the profiling forging tool above the outer circle step of the small end of the blank; the upper flat anvil is pressed down to copy the upper plane of the copying forging tool, copying forging is carried out on the conical surface part, the upper flat anvil and the copying forging tool are lifted up in sequence after one hammer is pressed, the rotary table is rotated anticlockwise, meanwhile, four-claw hanging tongs assist in clamping blanks to finish blank rotation, the large-end conical surface is spun, the rolling reduction is 70-110 mm, and the rotation angle is 8-11 degrees;
and step eight, performing heat treatment after forging by adopting a normalizing and high-temperature tempering process method, wherein the normalizing cooling process only performs blast mist cooling on the large end of the blank.
Further, the diameter of the hollow punch in the third step is 1100-1500 mm.
Further, step three middle step horse thick stick is including the thick stick I and the thick stick II that connect gradually, and the diameter of thick stick I is less than the diameter of thick stick II, and the diameter difference of thick stick I and thick stick II is 260~300mm.
Further, the profiling forging tool in the seventh step is provided with a clamping long handle with the diameter of 500-600 mm, the taper of the forming part of the head part of the profiling forging tool is smaller than the taper of the finished product alternate-beating ring by 3-5 degrees, and the head part of the profiling forging tool is provided with a positioning plane.
Further, in the step eight, the normalizing temperature is 890-910 ℃ and the time is 8-10 h; hanging a trolley in the normalizing cooling process, cooling to 390-400 ℃ by blowing air, and then cooling to 280-290 ℃ by air cooling to enter a furnace; the tempering temperature is 650-660 ℃ and the time is 70-80 h.
Example 1
Taking a phi 8000mm tiepin forging as an example, the method specifically comprises the following steps of: .
Step 1: directly blanking the hot-feeding steel ingot: the forging is made of 400t extra large double-vacuum multi-edge cylindrical steel ingot, demoulding is carried out 3.5h in advance, and the temperature of the position of the ingot body (1/3 of the total length of the ingot body from a riser line) is measured to be more than 750 ℃. The hot forging process is carried out, as shown in fig. 1, a sharp corner 13 at the riser end is cut by gas, the gas cutting gradient alpha is 30 degrees, a riser 11 is cut off by gas along a riser line, a tail 12 is cut off by gas along a bottom plane, and the blanking is completed;
step 2: upsetting the blank: as shown in fig. 2, after the blank is subjected to high temperature insulation at 1250-1260 ℃, the blank is placed on a rotary table 2, an upsetting cover plate 8 is placed at the upper end of the blank 1, flat upsetting is firstly adopted until the height-diameter ratio (height/diameter) of the blank is 1.0, the main purpose is to weld the original as-cast defects in the steel ingot at high temperature, then the upper flat anvil 3 is adopted to perform cross spinning upsetting, as shown in fig. 3 and 4, the blank is rotated in the anticlockwise direction in the spinning process to perform anvil distribution according to the sequence of (1) (2) (3) (4) … … in fig. 4, the upsetting is performed until the height of the blank is 60mm higher than the height of a finished product of the forging, and a conical cake-shaped blank with a large upper end and a small lower end is formed.
Step 3: preform (forming the bore residual block): firstly punching a blank by adopting a hollow punch with the diameter of 1500mm, turning over the punched material, standing the punched material, penetrating into a step horse 7 for reaming as shown in fig. 5, and placing the large end of the blank at the small end of the step horse diameter in the second step, and reaming by adopting an upper flat anvil 3, wherein the reaming ratio is 1.65; because the upper flat anvil 3 is contacted with the large end excircle of the blank 1, the flow rate of the part of metal to the inner hole part is relatively high, and finally, an intermediate blank with a process residual block in the inner hole is formed, as shown in fig. 6, the process residual block mainly reserves a forming volume for the large-diameter difference excircle part, the large-end diameter is increased in the subsequent reaming process, and the forming difficulty of the large-diameter difference step ring forge piece is solved.
Step 4: preform (forming the outer circular step): placing one end of the blank 1 with the surplus blocks after reaming in the third step downwards on a rotary workbench 2, aligning the centers, as shown in fig. 7, clamping a profiling forging tool 4 by an operating machine 5, spinning an external step by using the side surface of the tool (turning 90 degrees with the tool 4 shown in fig. 10), wherein the anvil feeding amount is 400mm, the pressing amount is 0.3 times of the anvil feeding amount, and preventing the blank from folding in the pressing process;
step 5: reaming and forming: firstly, erecting a blank 1 in the step S4, penetrating a step bar into an inner hole of the blank four in the step S, and only using one end with the large diameter of the bar, as shown in fig. 8, adopting an upper flat anvil 3 to press the large end for carrying out bar reaming, wherein the bar is firstly contacted with the residual block part of the inner hole in the reaming process, the inner hole and the outer circle of the small end are in free states, the metal flow rate of the large end in the reaming process is higher, the outer diameter of the large end is increased faster, the forging is stopped when the size of the inner hole reaches the technological requirement, as shown in fig. 9 (calculated according to 7.6m specification of alternate forging ring size, at the moment, the outer diameter is close to the transverse gear opening limit of a press, and the forging in a machine body can not be continuously adopted).
Step 6: and (5) furnace returning and supplementary heating: the blank is turned over and put into a flat furnace, the large end is downward, and the small end of the blank 1 deforms very little in the subsequent working procedure, the dynamic recrystallization effect is poor, the heating temperature is reduced to 1050-1100 ℃ for heat preservation, the heat preservation time is shortened, the purpose of controlling the grain size is achieved, and the heat preservation is carried out for 6 hours according to the section size of the large end and calculated according to 0.4h/100 mm;
step 7: forming a large end conical surface outside the machine body: as shown in fig. 10, the blank 1 formed in the fifth step is horizontally placed on a rotary table 2, the outer diameter of the blank 1 exceeds the transverse starting speed of a press, the stand columns 6 on two sides of the press limit that the blank 1 cannot completely enter the press, as shown in fig. 11, the blank 1 is required to be eccentrically placed, the center of the blank 1 is placed along the moving direction of a feeding table in a shifting manner by 500mm, a part exceeding the working table surface of the rotary table 2 is supported by four-jaw hanging pliers, an operator 5 clamps a profiling forging tool 4 to be placed on a step of a formed outer circle, the right end plane of the profiling tool 4 props against the outer circle of the small end of the blank 1, an upper flat anvil presses down the upper plane of the profiling tool 4, profiling forging is carried out on a conical surface part, the upper flat anvil 3 and a special tool 4 are sequentially lifted after one hammer is pressed, the rotary table 2 is rotated anticlockwise, and simultaneously the four-jaw hanging pliers assist in clamping the blank 1 to complete blank rotation, the large end conical surface is spun, the pressing amount is 100mm, and the rotation angle is 10 degrees.
Step 8: the heat treatment after forging adopts a normalizing and high-temperature tempering process, the normalizing temperature is 890 ℃, and the time is 10 hours; hanging a trolley in the normalizing cooling process, cooling to 390-400 ℃ by blowing air, and then cooling to 280-290 ℃ by air and charging into a furnace; the tempering temperature is 650 ℃ and the time is 70 hours, because the section difference of the final forging is large, the outer diameter difference reaches more than 2000mm, the heat dissipation condition of the large end in the cooling process is poor, and the cooling speed is increased only by blowing and mist cooling of the large end in the cooling process, so that the synchronous transformation of the internal structure of the forging is realized, and the purposes of uniform structure and grain refinement are achieved.
The invention reduces heating fire time and greatly reduces kinetic energy consumption; the problem that the step difference of the outer diameter of the conventional preform is too large to be reamed is solved; the problem that the forging of the alternate forging ring with the specification of 7.6m and above beyond the transverse open gear of the press cannot be realized is solved, and the limit forging capability is further improved; the heat treatment after forging realizes the synchronous refinement of the structure of the special-shaped section and solves the problem of uneven grains; the near-net forming of the 7.6 m-level or more alternative beating rings beyond the transverse open gear of the maximum specification press is realized without adding special tire molds or large-scale tools.
It should be noted that while the above describes the invention in terms of embodiments, many other embodiments of the invention are possible. Various modifications and variations of this invention may be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention, and it is intended to cover in the appended claims all such modifications and variations as fall within the true scope of this invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for forming a large-diameter differential forging ring forging by free forging outside a machine body is characterized in that: the preparation method comprises the following preparation steps:
step one, directly blanking a hot-feeding steel ingot: manufacturing a super-large double-vacuum multi-edge cylindrical steel ingot with the raw material larger than 320t by a forging piece, demolding 3.0-4.5 h in advance, measuring the temperature of the position of the ingot body to be more than 750 ℃, hot conveying the steel ingot to a forging process, gas cutting the sharp corner of the riser end of the blank, gas cutting the riser along a riser line at a gradient alpha of 20-30 degrees, gas cutting the tail of the ingot along the bottom plane, and finishing blanking;
step two, upsetting the blank: the blank is placed on a rotary table (2) after being subjected to high-temperature heat preservation at 1250-1260 ℃, an upsetting cover plate is placed at the upper end of the blank, firstly, flat upsetting is adopted until the height-diameter ratio of the blank is 0.8-1.0, then, cross spinning upsetting is carried out by adopting an upper flat anvil, the upsetting height is 40-60 mm higher than the height of a finished product of a forging, and a conical cake-shaped blank with large upper end diameter and small lower end diameter is formed;
step three, prefabricating an intermediate blank and forming an inner hole residual block: firstly punching a blank by using a hollow punch, turning the punched material to erect, penetrating into a step beam for reaming, and arranging one end of the blank with a large diameter at one end of the step beam with a small diameter, reaming by using an upper flat anvil to form an annular intermediate blank with a residual block in an inner hole, wherein the reaming ratio is 1.6-2.0;
step four, prefabricating an intermediate blank-forming an outer circular step: placing one end of the blank inner hole with the surplus block after reaming in the third step downwards on a rotary workbench, aligning the center of the blank inner hole with the surplus block, clamping a profiling forging tool by an operating machine, and forming an outer circle step by using the outer wall of the top end of the side surface spinning blank of the profiling forging tool, wherein the reduction of the outer circle step is 0.3-0.4 times of the anvil feeding amount;
step five, reaming and forming a step blank: penetrating the large-diameter end of the step horse bar into the inner hole of the blank processed in the fourth step, and adopting an upper flat anvil to press only one end with the large diameter of the blank for carrying out the reaming of the horse bar until the size of the inner hole meets the technological requirement;
step six, returning to the furnace for cooling and supplementary heating: turning over the blank, putting the blank into a flat furnace, and lowering the heating temperature to 1000-1100 ℃ with the end with the large diameter facing downwards, wherein the heat preservation time is calculated according to the section size of the end with the large diameter and 0.35-0.45 h/100 mm;
step seven, forming a large end conical surface outside the machine body: placing one end of the blank with the large diameter formed in the fifth step on a rotary table horizontally downwards, placing the center of the blank in an offset manner, enabling the center of the blank to be offset by 500-800 mm along the moving direction of a feeding table, supporting the blank by four-jaw hanging tongs beyond the working surface of the rotary table, clamping a profiling forging tool on a step of a formed outer circle by an operating machine, positioning the head forming part of the profiling forging tool against the outer circle of the small end of the blank, pressing the upper flat anvil downwards to the upper plane of the profiling forging tool, performing profiling forging on the conical surface part, sequentially lifting the upper flat anvil and the profiling forging tool after the first hammer is pressed, rotating the rotary table anticlockwise, simultaneously enabling the four-jaw hanging tongs to assist in clamping the blank to complete the rotation of the blank, spinning one end conical surface with the large diameter, and enabling the pressing down amount to be 70-110 mm, and enabling the rotation angle to be 8-11 degrees;
and step eight, performing heat treatment after forging by adopting a normalizing and high-temperature tempering process, wherein in the normalizing cooling process, blast mist cooling is performed on only one end of the blank with a large diameter.
2. The method for forming the large-diameter differential forging ring forging by free forging and near-net forming outside a machine body is characterized in that: and thirdly, the diameter of the hollow punch is 1100-1500 mm.
3. The method for forming the large-diameter differential forging ring forging by free forging and near-net forming outside a machine body is characterized in that: step three middle step horse thick stick is including the thick stick I and the thick stick II that connect gradually, and the diameter of thick stick I is less than the diameter of thick stick II, and the diameter difference of thick stick I and thick stick II is 260~300mm.
4. The method for forming the large-diameter differential forging ring forging by free forging and near-net forming outside a machine body is characterized in that: and step seven, the profiling forging tool is provided with a clamping long handle with the diameter of 500-600 mm, and the taper of the forming part of the head part of the profiling forging tool is smaller than the taper of the finished product alternate forging ring by 3-5 degrees.
5. The method for forming the large-diameter differential forging ring forging by free forging and near-net forming outside a machine body is characterized in that: in the eighth step, the normalizing temperature is 890-910 ℃ and the normalizing time is 8-10 h; hanging a trolley in the normalizing cooling process, cooling to 390-400 ℃ by blowing air, and then cooling to 280-290 ℃ by air cooling to enter a furnace; the tempering temperature is 650-660 ℃ and the time is 70-80 h.
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