CN114307651A - Device and method for separating adsorbed radionuclide colloids with different particle sizes - Google Patents
Device and method for separating adsorbed radionuclide colloids with different particle sizes Download PDFInfo
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- CN114307651A CN114307651A CN202111394637.XA CN202111394637A CN114307651A CN 114307651 A CN114307651 A CN 114307651A CN 202111394637 A CN202111394637 A CN 202111394637A CN 114307651 A CN114307651 A CN 114307651A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a device and a method for separating radionuclide-adsorbing colloids with different particle sizes, and belongs to the technical field of radioactive colloid separation. The device and the method provided by the invention can realize low-disturbance extraction of colloids with different particle sizes without changing the surface characteristics and particle size distribution of the colloids.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of radioactive colloid separation, and particularly relates to a device and a method for separating adsorbed radionuclide colloids with different particle sizes.
Background
Nuclides such as actinides U, Pu, Am and the like are most concerned nuclides in nuclear facility sites due to long half-life and high radiation and chemical toxicity. U, Pu, Am are very easily adsorbed by rock-soil media when existing in an ionic state, and are difficult to migrate. However, inorganic or organic particles with the size of 1-1000 nm in the soil and underground water environment can form colloid, and compared with other non-dissolved large particles, the colloid has a large specific surface area and a plurality of surface reaction sites, can perform strong adsorption and complex reaction with U, Pu and Am, has high adsorption affinity, is a good migration carrier, enables the U, Pu and Am which are originally weak in mobility in the soil and underground water environment to be adsorbed on the movable colloid for accelerated motion, and has the migration speed and distance which are possibly higher by several orders of magnitude than the predicted value without considering colloid factors.
A large number of experiments show that under the driving action of colloid, the migration characteristics of actinide radionuclides such as U, Pu, Am and the like are obviously increased. The formation mechanism and the environmental behavior characteristics of the U, Pu and Am colloids are of great importance to solving the problems of environmental fate of pollutants, risk-based groundwater quality assessment, reasonable groundwater remediation technology and the like. However, basic scientific problems such as migration and transformation mechanisms of U, Pu and Am in a solid-liquid-colloid three-phase medium are not clear, accurate and reliable migration parameters of U, Pu and Am in soil and underground water environment in the absence of colloid exist, a distribution coefficient Kd value is used as the most key migration parameter in underground water evaluation, and the distribution coefficient Kd values of radioactive nuclides on colloids with different particle sizes are obtained, so that the method has important significance for problems such as underground water numerical simulation prediction, environmental convergence of pollutants, restoration technology and the like.
The colloid components in the groundwater environment are very complex, including humus, mineral colloid, inorganic colloid, organic colloid and the like, the particle sizes of the formed colloids are different, the colloid for separating radionuclides U, Pu and Am with different particle sizes has important significance for researching the radionuclide adsorption mechanism, but no set of mature standard method for separating the colloids for adsorbing the radionuclides U, Pu and Am with different particle sizes exists at present, because the concentration of natural colloid in soil and groundwater is very low, the concentration and extraction of the colloid are needed, the surface characteristics and particle size distribution of the colloid can be changed by a conventional method, and therefore a method needs to be developed to realize the low-disturbance extraction of the colloids with different particle sizes.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a device and a method for separating adsorbed radionuclide colloids with different particle sizes, and the device and the method can realize low-disturbance extraction of the colloids with different particle sizes without changing the surface characteristics and the particle size distribution of the colloids.
In order to achieve the above purposes, the invention adopts a technical scheme that:
the utility model provides a device for separating different particle diameter absorption radionuclide colloid, includes colloidal solution bottle and silicone tube, fill the colloidal solution that adsorbs the different particle diameters of radionuclide in the colloidal solution bottle, the one end of silicone tube is inserted in the colloidal solution, pass between the commentaries on classics roller of following the peristaltic pump, the feed inlet that is used for separating the milipore filter separable set of different particle diameter colloids is connected to the other end of silicone tube, milipore filter separable set's discharge gate passes through the silicone tube and connects the tail liquid receiving flask.
Further, according to the device for separating adsorbed radionuclide colloids with different particle sizes, the air suction port of the ultrafiltration membrane separation assembly is connected with the vacuum pump for providing a certain negative pressure.
Further, according to the device for separating adsorbed radionuclide colloids with different particle sizes, the ultrafiltration membrane separation assembly comprises a housing, a filter core is arranged in the housing, and the filter core is formed by laminating a plurality of layers of filter membranes with different pore diameters; the shell and the filter core are sealed by epoxy resin to create vacuum condition.
Further, the device for separating adsorbed radionuclide colloids with different particle sizes as described above, the filter core comprises ten layers of filter membranes with different pore sizes, and each layer can be detached and replaced independently.
Further, according to the device for separating adsorbed radionuclide colloids with different particle sizes, the filter membrane is made of a polyacrylonitrile membrane.
Further, according to the device for separating adsorbed radionuclide colloids with different particle sizes, the peristaltic pump has a speed regulation function, and the flow entering the ultrafiltration membrane separation assembly is controlled by adjusting the rotating speed of the peristaltic pump, so that low-disturbance extraction is realized.
Further, according to the device for separating adsorbed radionuclide colloids with different particle sizes, the vacuum pump has a pressure regulating function, and the pressure of the vacuum pump is regulated to reach different vacuum degrees, so that the ultrafiltration speed of the colloid solution entering the ultrafiltration separation assembly is controlled.
Further, according to the device for separating adsorbed radionuclide colloids with different particle sizes, the shell is made of polytetrafluoroethylene.
Further, according to the device for separating adsorbed radionuclide colloids with different particle sizes, the shape of the ultrafiltration membrane separation assembly is a cylinder.
The method for separating the adsorbed radionuclide colloids with different particle sizes based on the device comprises the following steps:
s1, putting polyacrylonitrile membranes with different pore diameters into an ultrafiltration membrane separation assembly, and connecting the ultrafiltration membrane separation assembly to a vacuum pump;
s2, sequentially connecting a silicone tube with the colloidal solution, the peristaltic pump, the ultrafiltration membrane separation component and the tail liquid collecting bottle;
s3, connecting the vacuum pump and the peristaltic pump with a power supply, and setting the rotation speed of the peristaltic pump and the pressure of the vacuum pump;
s4, starting an ultrafiltration procedure until all the colloidal solution is subjected to ultrafiltration;
s5, pouring the solution in the tail solution collecting bottle into the colloidal solution bottle, and repeating the ultrafiltration for 3 times;
s6, closing the device, taking down the ultrafiltration membrane separation component, taking down polyacrylonitrile membranes with different pore diameters, air-drying, and measuring the radioactivity to obtain the ratio of the colloids with different particle diameters to the radionuclides;
and S7, measuring the concentration of the radionuclide in the tail liquid collecting bottle, and calculating the total adsorption amount of the membrane separation colloid.
The device and the method for separating the adsorbed radionuclide colloids with different particle sizes have the following remarkable technical effects:
the invention adopts a plurality of layers of polyacrylonitrile membranes with different apertures to separate colloids with different particle sizes, the colloids with the particle size range of 100 nm-10 mu m can be divided into at least 10 different fractions, and the flow is controlled by a peristaltic pump, thereby realizing low-disturbance extraction. The separation of colloids with different particle sizes has important theoretical and practical values for the macroscopic-microscopic migration process of U, Pu and Am in soil and groundwater environment, and has important significance for quantitatively solving the environmental trend of U, Pu and Am, formulating a reasonable restoration technology and guaranteeing the long-term safety and sustainability of a nuclear facility site.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for separating adsorbed radionuclide colloids of different particle sizes according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the ultrafiltration membrane separation module 3 in FIG. 1;
in the figure, 1-colloidal solution bottle; 2-a peristaltic pump; 3-ultrafiltration membrane separation module; 4-a vacuum pump; 5-tail liquid collecting bottle; 31-a housing; 32-filter core.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to specific embodiments and drawings attached to the description.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for separating radionuclide-adsorbing colloids with different particle sizes according to an embodiment of the present invention, and it can be seen from the diagram that the apparatus includes a colloidal solution bottle 1, colloidal solutions with different particle sizes for adsorbing radionuclides are contained in the colloidal solution bottle 1, one end of a silicone tube is inserted into the colloidal solution and passes through between rollers of a peristaltic pump 2, the other end of the silicone tube is connected to a feed port of an ultrafiltration membrane separation assembly 3, and a discharge port of the ultrafiltration membrane separation assembly 3 is connected to a tail liquid collection bottle 5 through the silicone tube; the air suction port of the ultrafiltration membrane separation component 3 is connected with a vacuum pump 4 for providing certain negative pressure. Under the alternate extrusion and release action of the peristaltic pump 2, colloidal solution in the colloidal solution bottle 1 enters the ultrafiltration membrane separation component 3 through the silicone tube to be separated and filtered, the solution filtered by the ultrafiltration membrane separation component 3 enters the tail solution collecting bottle 5, and after repeated suction filtration of the collecting solution, the radioactivity of the collecting solution without the colloidal solution is measured.
The structure of the ultrafiltration membrane separation assembly 3 is shown in fig. 2, the ultrafiltration membrane separation assembly 3 is cylindrical, and comprises a shell 31 and a filter core 32, wherein the shell 31 is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, the filter core 32 is arranged in the shell 32, and the filter core 32 is formed by laminating a plurality of layers of polyacrylonitrile films with different pore diameters; the housing 31 and the filter 32 are sealed by epoxy resin to create a vacuum condition. Under the physical action, colloids with different particle sizes are retained on polyacrylonitrile membranes with different pore sizes, the polyacrylonitrile membranes with different pore sizes are taken down after separation is completed, and the activity of surface radionuclides U, Pu and Am is measured, so that the adsorption condition of the colloids with different particle sizes on the radionuclides U, Pu and Am can be obtained.
The peristaltic pump 2 has a speed regulation function and controls the flow entering the ultrafiltration membrane separation assembly 3 under the condition of small disturbance.
The vacuum pump 4 has the pressure regulating function, and the pressure of the vacuum pump 4 can be regulated to reach different vacuum degrees, so that the ultrafiltration speed of the colloidal solution entering the ultrafiltration separation component 3 is controlled.
The device can divide the colloid in the particle size range of 100 nm-10 mu m into at least 10 different grades, the separation of the colloid with different particle sizes has important theoretical and practical values for the macroscopic-microscopic migration process of U, Pu and Am in soil and groundwater environment, and has important significance for quantitatively solving the environmental trend of U, Pu and Am and formulating reasonable restoration technology and ensuring the long-term safety and sustainability of nuclear facility sites.
The method for separating the adsorbed radionuclide colloids with different particle sizes by using the device comprises the following steps:
s1, putting polyacrylonitrile membranes with different pore diameters into an ultrafiltration membrane separation assembly, and connecting the ultrafiltration membrane separation assembly to a vacuum pump;
s2, sequentially connecting a silicone tube with the colloidal solution, a peristaltic pump, an ultrafiltration membrane separation component and a tail liquid collecting bottle;
s3, connecting the vacuum pump and the peristaltic pump with a power supply, and setting the rotation speed of the peristaltic pump and the pressure of the vacuum pump;
s4, starting an ultrafiltration procedure until all the colloidal solution is subjected to ultrafiltration;
s5, pouring the solution in the tail solution collecting bottle into a colloidal solution bottle, and repeating the ultrafiltration for 3 times;
s6, closing the device, taking down the ultrafiltration membrane separation component, taking down the polyacrylonitrile membranes with different pore diameters, air-drying, measuring the radioactivity of the polyacrylonitrile membranes, and obtaining the ratio of the colloids with different particle diameters to the radionuclides;
and S7, measuring the concentration of the radionuclide in the tail liquid collecting bottle, and calculating the total adsorption amount of the membrane separation colloid.
The device and the method for separating the adsorbed radionuclide colloids with different particle sizes provided by the invention have the advantages that the colloids with different particle sizes are separated by adopting a plurality of layers of polyacrylonitrile membranes with different pore sizes, the colloids with the particle size range of 100 nm-10 mu m can be at least divided into 10 different fractions, and the flow is controlled by a peristaltic pump, so that the low-disturbance extraction is realized. The separation of colloids with different particle sizes has important theoretical and practical values for the macroscopic-microscopic migration process of U, Pu and Am in soil and groundwater environment, and has important significance for quantitatively solving the environmental trend of U, Pu and Am, formulating a reasonable restoration technology and guaranteeing the long-term safety and sustainability of a nuclear facility site.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention, which may be embodied in other specific forms or in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The described embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention should be indicated by the appended claims, and any changes that are equivalent to the intent and scope of the claims should be construed to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a device for separating different particle sizes and adsorbing radionuclide colloid, a serial communication port, the device includes colloidal solution bottle (1) and silicone tube, the colloidal solution who contains the different particle sizes of adsorbing the radionuclide in colloidal solution bottle (1), the one end of silicone tube is inserted in the colloidal solution, pass between the commentaries on classics roller of following peristaltic pump (2), the feed inlet of milipore filter separable set (3) that are used for separating different particle sizes colloid is connected to the other end of silicone tube, the discharge gate of milipore filter separable set (3) passes through silicone tube and connects tail liquid receiving flask (5).
2. The apparatus for separating colloids adsorbing radionuclides of different particle sizes according to claim 1, wherein the air suction port of the ultrafiltration membrane separation module (3) is connected with a vacuum pump (4) for providing a certain negative pressure.
3. The apparatus for separating colloids adsorbing radionuclides of different particle sizes according to claim 2, wherein the ultrafiltration membrane separation module (3) comprises a housing (31), a filter core (32) is arranged in the housing (32), and the filter core (32) is formed by laminating a plurality of layers of filter membranes with different pore sizes; the shell (31) and the filter core (32) are sealed by epoxy resin to create vacuum condition.
4. The apparatus for separating colloids adsorbing radionuclides of different sizes according to claim 3, wherein the filter core (32) comprises ten layers of filter membranes with different pore sizes, and each layer can be detached and replaced independently.
5. The apparatus as claimed in claim 4, wherein the filter membrane is made of polyacrylonitrile membrane.
6. The apparatus for separating colloid adsorbing radionuclide from different particle sizes according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the peristaltic pump (2) has a speed regulation function, and the flow rate entering the ultrafiltration membrane separation assembly (3) is controlled by adjusting the rotation speed of the peristaltic pump (2), so as to realize low-disturbance extraction.
7. The apparatus for separating colloids adsorbing radionuclides of different particle sizes according to claim 2, wherein the vacuum pump (4) has a pressure regulating function, and the ultrafiltration speed of the colloidal solution entering the ultrafiltration separation module (3) is controlled by adjusting the pressure of the vacuum pump (4) to different vacuum degrees.
8. The apparatus for separating colloids adsorbing radionuclides of different sizes according to claim 3, wherein the housing (31) is made of polytetrafluoroethylene.
9. The apparatus for separating colloids adsorbing radionuclides of different particle sizes according to claim 1, wherein the ultrafiltration membrane separation module (3) has a cylindrical shape.
10. A method for separating colloids of adsorbed radionuclides of different particle sizes using the device of any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of:
s1, putting polyacrylonitrile membranes with different pore diameters into an ultrafiltration membrane separation assembly, and connecting the ultrafiltration membrane separation assembly to a vacuum pump;
s2, sequentially connecting a silicone tube with the colloidal solution, the peristaltic pump, the ultrafiltration membrane separation component and the tail liquid collecting bottle;
s3, connecting the vacuum pump and the peristaltic pump with a power supply, and setting the rotation speed of the peristaltic pump and the pressure of the vacuum pump;
s4, starting an ultrafiltration procedure until all the colloidal solution is subjected to ultrafiltration;
s5, pouring the solution in the tail solution collecting bottle into the colloidal solution bottle, and repeating the ultrafiltration for 3 times;
s6, closing the device, taking down the ultrafiltration membrane separation component, taking down polyacrylonitrile membranes with different pore diameters, air-drying, and measuring the radioactivity to obtain the ratio of the colloids with different particle diameters to the radionuclides;
and S7, measuring the concentration of the radionuclide in the tail liquid collecting bottle, and calculating the total adsorption amount of the membrane separation colloid.
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| CN116625883A (en) * | 2023-07-20 | 2023-08-22 | 吉林大学 | Experimental device and method for exploring nuclide-colloid cooperative migration rule in pore |
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