CN114304407A - Feeding probiotic additive for ruminants and application thereof - Google Patents
Feeding probiotic additive for ruminants and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114304407A CN114304407A CN202210024329.6A CN202210024329A CN114304407A CN 114304407 A CN114304407 A CN 114304407A CN 202210024329 A CN202210024329 A CN 202210024329A CN 114304407 A CN114304407 A CN 114304407A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
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- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention discloses a feeding probiotic additive for ruminants and application thereof. The additive is prepared by fermenting lactobacillus acidophilus in a fermentation medium of waste water of sweet potato residue and sweet potato powder, and drying the fermentation liquid to directly serve as the additive. The feed probiotics additive is used for feeding cattle, and the number of the viable bacteria of the lactobacillus acidophilus in the feed probiotics additive reaches 8.9 x 109cfu/g. Compared with other feed probiotics, the method has the advantages of low raw material cost, high production efficiency, convenience in use, short production period, low energy consumption and the like, and can be used for preparing the feed probiotics for calvesThe feed is used for raising cattle, so that the feed digestibility of cattle is improved, the feed is more beneficial to the intestinal absorption of livestock and poultry, the intestinal environment of the livestock and poultry is improved, the immunity of the animals is enhanced, the obvious effect of promoting the growth of the animals is achieved, and meanwhile, the production wastes such as the sweet potato residue and the sweet potato powder processing wastewater are changed into valuable substances, so that the recycling of waste resources is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of feeding probiotics, and particularly relates to a feeding probiotic additive for ruminants and application thereof.
Background
The probiotics can mainly maintain organisms with intestinal microbial balance, as beneficial microorganisms, widely exist in nature, are widely regarded and applied as veterinary drugs and feed additives, beneficially influence host animals by improving the intestinal microbial balance of the host animals, can be used for replacing feed antibiotics, enhance immunity, promote health and growth of the animals, improve feeding efficiency, reduce feeding cost, and can be used for replacing the feed antibiotics, reducing antibiotic residues of animal products and inhibiting drug-resistant pathogenic bacteria. The sweet potato powder is an important food material in common diet, a large amount of sweet potato residues and processing wastewater can be generated in the production and processing processes, the direct discharge utilization rate is low, and waste of waste resources and environmental pollution can be caused. Since these two by-products contain a large amount of carbon source substances such as starch and glucose, it is considered to utilize both of them as resources.
The acidophilic lactobacillus belongs to the family of lactobacillus, is rod-shaped, has extremely strong acid resistance, can generate lactic acid and acetic acid and generate antibiotics to inhibit harmful bacteria, prevent the propagation of harmful microorganisms, can enhance the immunity of organisms, can realize mass planting in animal intestinal tracts, helps digestion and metabolism of food, and promotes the absorption and utilization of nutrient substances; meanwhile, the feed additive can compete with pathogenic bacteria, inhibit the reproduction of harmful bacteria, improve the environment in intestinal tracts, adjust the balance of gastrointestinal flora and improve the health level of animals.
The digestive physiology of ruminants is quite different from that of monogastric mammals and is much more complex than that of monogastric mammals. The digestion of three nutrients, carbohydrates, lipids and proteins, by monogastric mammals is achieved by decomposing them into simpler forms by the digestive juices and then absorbing them, and then using them to maintain the energy required for their physiological activities or to synthesize various substances required for their metabolism, growth, development and reproduction. In monogastric animals, sugars are usually broken down by digestive juices into monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, galactose, mannose, etc.) and disaccharides (maltose, sucrose and lactose), which are absorbed and then oxidized in the body to produce energy for metabolic activities or synthesized into fat stores; the fat is obtained by decomposing higher lipids into triglyceride or other lower lipids under the action of digestive juice, and absorbing the triglyceride or other lower lipids to serve as an energy source or synthesize autologous fat again for storage; the protein is hydrolyzed into amino acids under the action of digestive juice, and the amino acids are used as components for synthesizing self-protein again. In ruminants, they do not directly digest and absorb nutrients in the feed by themselves, and either type of nutrient is first fermented by rumen microorganisms, and organic acids and some primary fatty acids, which are finally produced during the fermentation process, can be absorbed by the rumen as energy sources for their metabolism, while other nutrients are derived from the digestion of rumen microorganisms.
In animal production, the acidophilic lactobacillus can achieve the effects of increasing daily gain, improving the material-weight ratio, enhancing the disease resistance of organisms, increasing the survival rate, reducing the diarrhea rate, inhibiting harmful bacteria and the like, effectively ensure the edible safety of livestock products, and simultaneously improve the economic benefit. In the current report, a precedent that the sweet potato residue and the sweet potato powder processing wastewater are mixed together and fermented by probiotics to produce the feed probiotics does not appear. The method has the advantages of effectively reducing the cost and realizing resource utilization by adopting the fermentation of the crude raw materials, along with wide market prospect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a feeding probiotic additive for ruminants and application thereof, sweet potato residue and sweet potato powder processing wastewater are mixed together for fermentation of probiotics for the first time, and the obtained fermentation product contains a large amount of probiotic thalli and active nutrient substances, so that the nutrition for rumen microorganism propagation of the ruminants and the requirement for mineral elements are fully met, the rumen microorganisms are propagated to the maximum extent, the ruminants can obtain more thalli nutrition, and the conversion rate of feed is improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a feed probiotic additive for ruminants is prepared by fermenting Lactobacillus acidophilus in a fermentation medium of waste water of sweet potato residue and sweet potato powder, and drying the fermentation liquid to obtain the feed probiotic additive.
A preparation method of a feeding probiotic additive for ruminants comprises the following steps:
s1, sweet potato residue pretreatment: cleaning sweet potato residue, removing impurities, and drying at 70-90 deg.C until water content is 20-30%: sealing the dried sweet potato residue in a closed container, and carrying out damp-heat treatment for 2-6h at the temperature of 115-130 ℃; drying the sweet potato residue subjected to the damp-heat treatment at the temperature of 70-90 ℃ for 2-4h, crushing, and sieving with a 80-100-mesh sieve to obtain modified sweet potato residue powder;
s2, pretreatment of sweet potato powder wastewater: filtering the sweet potato powder wastewater for later use;
s3, inoculating lactobacillus acidophilus to a fermentation medium after plate culture and liquid seed liquid culture, and fermenting at the temperature of 28-45 ℃ for 24-72h to obtain liquid fermentation liquid;
s4, adding 15-40% of protective agent into the liquid fermentation liquor, mixing, and spray-drying at the air inlet temperature of 250-350 ℃ and the air outlet temperature of 80-120 ℃ to obtain the feed probiotic additive.
The fermentation medium consists of sweet potato residues and sweet potato powder wastewater, the content of the sweet potato residues is 20-80 g/L, and the balance is the sweet potato powder wastewater. The content of the sweet potato residues is preferably 40-60 g/L, and the content of the sweet potato residues is further preferably 50 g/L.
The inoculation proportion in S3 is 2% -8%. Further preferably, the inoculation ratio is 5%.
The protective agent in S4 is at least one of starch, maltodextrin, beta-cyclodextrin or inulin. Further preferably, the protective agent is beta-cyclodextrin.
In S1, the wet heat treatment is preferably performed at a temperature of 120 ℃ for 3 hours.
The colony number in the feed probiotic additive is more than or equal to 7.8 x 109cfu/g。
The feed probiotic additive for the ruminants is applied to enhancing the immunity of the ruminants and promoting the growth of the ruminants.
The additive is added into ruminant feed, and the addition amount of the additive is 100-400 g per kilogram of feed.
The lactobacillus acidophilus is a common strain in the prior art and can be obtained from a commercial way.
The waste water from processing the sweet potato residue and the sweet potato powder is waste generated in the production process of sweet potatoes, and the processing method comprises the steps of carrying out damp-heat treatment on the sweet potato residue and then physically crushing the sweet potato residue to ensure that the particles of the sweet potato residue and the sweet potato powder are uniform; the waste water of the sweet potato residue and the sweet potato residue after being treated and crushed are respectively used as fermentation raw materials, waste of waste resources is reduced, meanwhile, because the waste water of the sweet potato residue and the sweet potato processing contains a large amount of carbon source substances such as starch, glucose and the like and various mineral elements, the waste water is fermented by probiotics, and the obtained fermentation product contains a large amount of probiotics thallus and active nutrient substances and is added into feed, so that rumen microorganisms can be proliferated to the maximum extent, and ruminants can obtain more thallus nutrition. The proliferation of rumen microorganism can convert more non-protein nitrogen into mycoprotein which can be used by cattle and sheep, and has important significance for improving the utilization rate of ruminant feed and enhancing the nutritional level. Minerals have a dual role in ruminant nutrition, and are essential not only for maintaining normal metabolism of the animal, but also for the reproduction of rumen microorganisms. Fully meets the requirement of rumen microorganisms on minerals, and plays an important role in improving the conversion rate of the feed.
The method for detecting the number of the live bacteria in the microbial inoculum is a flat plate counting method.
Advantageous effects
The invention directly adopts the sweet potato residue and the sweet potato powder processing wastewater as the culture medium for the strain fermentation, does not need to add other nutrient substances, greatly saves the production cost, realizes the reutilization of wastes, changes wastes into valuables, fully utilizes the special mineral substances in the sweet potato residue and sweet potato powder processing wastewater, has high thallus concentration in the fermentation liquid obtained by fermentation, also contains various active nutrient substances beneficial to rumen microorganisms, and has the highest total viable count of 8.9 to 10 in the product9The cfu/mL is beneficial to intestinal absorption of ruminants, improves the intestinal environment, enhances the immunity of animals, has the obvious effect of promoting the growth of the animals, changes waste into valuable in production, realizes the recycling of waste resources, reduces the pollution of waste materials to the environment, greatly reduces the production cost, is economical and feasible, has low raw material cost, high production efficiency, convenient use, short production period and high nutritional value, and has wide market application value.
Detailed Description
The invention will be better understood from the following examples. However, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the specific process conditions and results described in the examples are merely illustrative of the invention and should not, nor should they, limit the invention as described in detail in the claims.
The strains referred to in the following examples are: lactobacillus acidophilus is purchased from Biotechnology Ltd, the family Chloraceae, Jiangsu.
The waste water from processing sweet potato residue and sweet potato flour described in the following examples was purchased from sweet potato flour processing and producing companies. The processing method of the processed sweet potato residue described in the following examples is as follows: cleaning sweet potato residue, removing impurities, and drying at 890 ℃ until the water content is 25%: sealing the dried sweet potato residue in a closed container, and carrying out damp-heat treatment for 3h at the temperature of 120 ℃; drying the sweet potato residue subjected to the damp-heat treatment at the temperature of 80 ℃ for 3 hours, crushing, and sieving with a 80-100-mesh sieve to obtain modified sweet potato residue powder;
filtering the sweet potato powder processing wastewater to remove suspended matters, and then mixing the filtered sweet potato powder processing wastewater with the processed sweet potato residue powder to be used as a fermentation medium.
The method for liquid fermentation of lactobacillus acidophilus comprises the following steps,
(1) solid and liquid culture medium for strain
Lactobacillus acidophilus solid medium: 10.0 g of peptone, 3.0 g of beef extract (beef extract), 5.0 g of lactose, 5.0 g of sodium chloride and 0.016 g of bromocresol purple, wherein the volume is up to 1000ml, and the pH value is 6.2-6.4. The culture time is 18-24 hours; the solid culture medium is liquid culture medium added with 15-20% agar.
Lactobacillus acidophilus liquid culture medium: 10.0 g of peptone, 10.0 g of beef extract (beef extract), 5.0 g of yeast extract (yeast extract or yeast powder), 20.0 g of glucose, 5.0 g of sodium acetate, 2.0 g of diammonium hydrogen citrate, 801.0 ml of tween-801.0 ml, 2.0 g of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.2 g of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate and 0.05 g of manganese sulfate heptahydrate, and the volume is fixed to 1000ml, and the pH value is 6.2-6.4.
The sterilization method comprises the following steps: sterilizing with high pressure steam at 115 deg.C for 15min for saccharides, and 121 deg.C for 20min for the rest.
(2) Solid plate culture of strain
Taking out a glycerol tube of lactobacillus acidophilus from a refrigerator at the temperature of minus 80 ℃, sucking 100 microliters of bacteria liquid by using a 100ml liquid transfer gun in a super clean bench, coating the bacteria liquid on a solid culture medium plate, putting the lactobacillus acidophilus in a bacterial incubator at the temperature of 37 ℃ for culturing for 24 hours, carrying out four-zone lineation after the culture is finished, and transferring a single colony which appears after the lactobacillus acidophilus is placed in the incubator at the temperature of 37 ℃ for culturing for 24 hours to a solid culture medium for carrying out dense lineation.
(3) Liquid seed culture of strain
Inoculating Lactobacillus acidophilus into 500ml shake flask containing 200ml culture medium, placing into 37 deg.C incubator, standing for culturing for 24-36 h.
Inoculating the lactobacillus liquid strain into a fermentation culture medium according to the ratio of 2-8% (W/W), and fermenting at 28-45 ℃ for 24-72h to obtain liquid fermentation liquor.
Adding 15-40% of beta-cyclodextrin into the liquid fermentation liquor for mixing, and spraying the mixture to dry at the air inlet temperature of 250-350 ℃ and the air outlet temperature of 80-120 ℃ to obtain the feed probiotic additive, wherein the colony count is more than or equal to 7.8 x 109cfu/g。
Example 1:
in the embodiment, the inoculation ratio of lactobacillus acidophilus is considered, and fermentation experiments are carried out in culture media inoculated into the sweet potato residue and sweet potato powder processing wastewater according to different (W/W) inoculation amounts, wherein the fermentation time is 24-72 h. The inoculation ratios were 2%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 8%, 10%, respectively, and the total colony number of the fermentation product was determined, and the results are shown in Table 1. As shown in Table 1, the optimum seed liquid ratio was 5%.
TABLE 1 Effect of different bacterial species ratios on colony counts
Example 2
According to the invention, the fermentation time is considered, the liquid seed liquid with the lactobacillus acidophilus inoculation proportion of 5 percent is inoculated into the liquid culture medium of the sweet potato powder processing wastewater and the sweet potato residue, the fermentation temperature is 37 ℃, and the following table 2 is shown.
TABLE 2 Effect of different fermentation times on colony counts
Example 3
The fermented liquid is added with different auxiliary materials for spray drying, the addition amount of the auxiliary materials is 30%, and the colony count is obviously different, as shown in Table 3 below.
TABLE 3 Effect of different adjuvants on colony counts
| Auxiliary materials | Total colony count, cfu/g |
| Starch | 3.4×109 |
| Maltodextrin | 4.5×109 |
| Beta-cyclodextrin | 8.9×109 |
| Inulin powder | 4.8×108 |
Example 4
According to the invention, the sweet potato residue content in the fermentation medium is considered, the sweet potato residue content in the medium of the culture machine is respectively 10g/L, 20g/L, 30g/L, 40g/L, 50g/L and 60g/L, the liquid seed liquid with the lactobacillus acidophilus inoculation proportion of 5% is inoculated into the liquid culture medium of the sweet potato powder processing wastewater and the sweet potato residue, the fermentation temperature is 37 ℃, and the following table 4 shows.
TABLE 4 influence of different sweet potato residue ratios on the number of colonies
Example 5
Fermentation medium: the content of the sweet potato residue is 30g/L, and the balance is the waste water of the sweet potato powder.
Inoculating lactobacillus liquid strain 5% (W/W) into fermentation medium, and fermenting at 37 deg.C for 48 hr to obtain liquid fermentation broth.
Adding 30% of beta-cyclodextrin into the liquid fermentation liquor, mixing, and spray-drying at air inlet temperature of 280 ℃ and air outlet temperature of 100 ℃ to obtain the feed probiotic additive with colony count of 8.9 multiplied by 109cfu/g, and also contains a large amount of active nutrients.
Example 6
The invention researches the feeding probiotic additive in the calf feeding. The feed probiotic additive of example 5 was added to calf feed, 200g of the probiotic additive was added per kg of the feed, and the test was carried out using the fermented feed of the present invention as a test group, using a normal feed without the probiotic additive as a blank control group. The calves were fed freely for 1 month with the results shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5 Effect of animal feed of the invention on Calf
As can be seen from table 5: compared with a blank control group, the daily gain of calves fed with the feed probiotic additive is increased by 10.42%, the feed conversion ratio is reduced by 15.51%, the diarrhea rate is reduced by 75.00%, and the survival rate is increased by 8.89%.
The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above, and the principles and implementations of the embodiments of the present invention are described herein by using specific examples, and the descriptions of the above embodiments are only used to help understand the principles of the embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, the details and implementations of the embodiments and implementations may be changed, and in summary, the content of the present description should not be understood as a limitation to the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A feeding probiotic additive for ruminants, characterized in that: the additive is prepared by fermenting lactobacillus acidophilus in a fermentation medium of waste water of sweet potato residue and sweet potato powder, and drying the fermentation liquid to directly serve as the additive.
2. A preparation method of a feeding probiotic additive for ruminants is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, sweet potato residue pretreatment: cleaning sweet potato residue, removing impurities, and drying at 70-90 deg.C until water content is 20-30%: sealing the dried sweet potato residue in a closed container, and carrying out damp-heat treatment for 2-6h at the temperature of 115-130 ℃; drying the sweet potato residue subjected to the damp-heat treatment at the temperature of 70-90 ℃ for 2-4h, crushing, and sieving with a 80-100-mesh sieve to obtain modified sweet potato residue powder;
s2, pretreatment of sweet potato powder wastewater: filtering the sweet potato powder wastewater for later use;
s3, inoculating lactobacillus acidophilus to a fermentation medium after plate culture and liquid seed liquid culture, and fermenting at the temperature of 28-45 ℃ for 24-72h to obtain liquid fermentation liquid;
s4, adding 15-40% of protective agent into the liquid fermentation liquor, mixing, and spray-drying at the air inlet temperature of 250-350 ℃ and the air outlet temperature of 80-120 ℃ to obtain the feed probiotic additive.
3. The method of preparing a feeding probiotic additive for ruminants according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the fermentation medium consists of sweet potato residues and sweet potato powder wastewater, the content of the sweet potato residues is 20-80 g/L, and the balance is the sweet potato powder wastewater.
4. The method of preparing a feeding probiotic additive for ruminants according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the inoculation proportion in the S3 is 2% -8%.
5. The method of preparing a feeding probiotic additive for ruminants according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the protective agent in S4 is at least one of starch, maltodextrin, beta-cyclodextrin or inulin.
6. The method of preparing a feeding probiotic additive for ruminants according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in S1, the wet heat treatment is preferably performed at a temperature of 120 ℃ for 3 hours.
7. The method of preparing a feeding probiotic additive for ruminants according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the content of the sweet potato residue in the fermentation medium is 30-60 g/L.
8. The method of preparing a feeding probiotic additive for ruminants according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the colony number in the feed probiotic additive is more than or equal to 7.8 x 109cfu/g。
9. The use of a feed probiotic additive for ruminants as claimed in claim 1 for enhancing the immunity and growth of ruminants.
10. The use of claim 9, wherein the additive is added to ruminant feed in an amount of 100-400 g per kg feed.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115804423A (en) * | 2022-12-23 | 2023-03-17 | 山西农业大学 | Feed additive for cashmere goats and preparation method thereof |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104855686A (en) * | 2015-04-24 | 2015-08-26 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | A protein feed produced by fermenting sweet potato residues and a method to prolong shelf life thereof |
| CN105941839A (en) * | 2016-05-04 | 2016-09-21 | 北京科技大学 | Method for preparing probiotic feed by using by-products generated in production process of vermicelli |
| CN105941860A (en) * | 2016-06-17 | 2016-09-21 | 湖北省农业科学院农产品加工与核农技术研究所 | Sweet potato byproduct feed and microbial fermentation method thereof |
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- 2022-01-10 CN CN202210024329.6A patent/CN114304407A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104855686A (en) * | 2015-04-24 | 2015-08-26 | 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 | A protein feed produced by fermenting sweet potato residues and a method to prolong shelf life thereof |
| CN105941839A (en) * | 2016-05-04 | 2016-09-21 | 北京科技大学 | Method for preparing probiotic feed by using by-products generated in production process of vermicelli |
| CN105941860A (en) * | 2016-06-17 | 2016-09-21 | 湖北省农业科学院农产品加工与核农技术研究所 | Sweet potato byproduct feed and microbial fermentation method thereof |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115804423A (en) * | 2022-12-23 | 2023-03-17 | 山西农业大学 | Feed additive for cashmere goats and preparation method thereof |
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