CN114295775B - Experimental method for representing rheological property of foam fluid in pipe flow state - Google Patents
Experimental method for representing rheological property of foam fluid in pipe flow state Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an experimental device and method for representing rheological property of foam fluid in a pipe flow state, belongs to the technical field of foam liquid discharge in an oil and gas gathering and transportation system, and mainly solves the problem that in the prior art, a testing means and a representing method for the property of the foam fluid in the pipeline flow are lacked. The experimental device consists of a gas-liquid two-phase flow experimental loop, a foam performance testing module and a data observation acquisition system. The method comprises the steps of measuring the conductivity and rheological property of foam under different foam qualities by adopting a foam performance test module and a data observation acquisition system, so as to obtain the relation between the foam quality and the conductivity and rheological property of the foam; the gas-liquid two-phase flow experimental loop and the data observation acquisition system are used for measuring the section conductivity distribution and the flow pattern structural characteristics of the foam fluid in a pipe flow state, and the rheological model of the foam fluid in different pipe flow states is built by combining the obtained foam performances, so that the representation of the rheological performances of the foam fluid in the pipe flow state is realized.
Description
Technical field:
the invention relates to the technical field of foam liquid discharge of an oil and gas gathering and conveying system, in particular to an experimental device and method for representing rheological property of foam fluid in a pipe flow state.
The background technology is as follows:
the natural gas well, the wet gas and the unconventional natural gas gathering and transporting pipeline are easy to generate a large amount of accumulated liquid, so that the situations of the reduction of the productivity of the gas well and the reduction of the pipeline transporting efficiency occur, meanwhile, when the natural gas contains acidic components, the corrosion of the pipeline and valve members can be further aggravated, the service life of the pipeline and the valve members is reduced, and when the natural gas contains the acidic components, local perforation can be caused, so that the local leakage of the natural gas and the occurrence of dangerous accidents are caused. Therefore, the removal of the liquid product and even the inhibition of the generation thereof are necessary operations for guaranteeing the safe production operation of gas wells and pipelines.
Foam drainage is a liquid accumulation removing technology which has low running cost and low operation risk and is suitable for various pipelines with special valve members and elbows, and the method is widely applied to gas wells at present. The principle is as follows: the surfactant is added to promote the generation of foam, thereby reducing the density of liquid phase, weakening the liquid phase slipping effect and improving the liquid carrying capacity of gas, so as to realize the aim of foam liquid discharge. For traditional foam performance studies, most scholars employ similar equipment and are limited to static foam foamability and stability studies, which cannot be directly related to the foam performance in actual tube flow conditions. The limitations of the device and the method limit the development of the multiphase flow field containing foam, the foam drainage technology lacks the support of corresponding theory and model, so that the field is still limited to the optimal mode (parameters such as concentration, proportion and the like) of searching the foam drainage by adopting a repeated test method at present, the test time period is long, and a large amount of manpower and financial resources are consumed.
The foam performance testing method and the testing device disclosed in the Chinese patent 201010620889.5 are used for testing the anti-foaming performance and the defoaming performance of the water-based processing liquid in a vertical transparent test tube, and the testing environment is greatly different from the flow state of the foam tube, so that the testing device is not suitable for testing the performance of the foam in a pipeline; the online detection method for the foam performance for oil displacement disclosed in China patent 201510887385.2 adopts a foam displacement experiment of a rock core, is similar to the oil displacement environment, and can obtain the performance of the foam for oil displacement, but the method is not suitable for testing the foam flow performance under the condition of pipe flow; the high-temperature high-pressure foam rheological test system and the experimental method disclosed in Chinese patent 201810871221.4 are characterized in that a high-temperature high-pressure rheological measurement unit is adopted to conduct rheological test on foam, so that the rheological properties of the foam under different pressure and temperature conditions are obtained, but the test results cannot be applied to multiphase flow containing the foam due to the lack of environmental conditions of pipe flow; the experimental device and method for testing foam fluid performance and defoaming separation effect disclosed in the Chinese patent 201911067678.0 adopts a loop experimental device for gas-liquid two-phase flow, but the main body of the foam performance testing module is an analysis tank, and the foam performance test is not performed in the actual pipe flow process under the environment, so that the test result may be different from the foam fluid performance in the actual flow, and in summary, the conventional foam performance testing device and method are not suitable for foam performance test under the pipe flow condition.
The invention comprises the following steps:
in order to solve the problems, the invention provides an experimental device and method for representing rheological property of foam fluid in a pipe flow state.
A first object of the present invention is to provide an experimental set-up for characterizing the rheological properties of a foamed fluid in a tubular flow regime, which allows to measure the conductivity characteristics, rheological characteristics and performance assessment of the foaming capacity and stability of foams of different foam qualities.
The second object of the invention is to provide an experimental method for characterizing rheological property of foam fluid in a pipe flow state, according to which the rheological property of foam fluid in the pipe flow state can be characterized.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the experimental device is used for generating and conveying foam fluid, enabling the foam fluid to stably develop and observe a gas-liquid two-phase flow experimental loop, and a foam performance testing module used for testing foam conductivity characteristics and rheological performances of different foam qualities, and a data observing and collecting system used for observing foam volume and fluid flow pattern structures and measuring conductivity characteristics. The conductivity and rheological property of the foam under different foam qualities are measured by adopting a foam performance test module and a data observation acquisition system, so that the relation between the foam quality and the conductivity and rheological property of the foam is obtained; the gas-liquid two-phase flow experimental loop and the data observation acquisition system are used for measuring the section conductivity distribution and the flow pattern structural characteristics of the foam fluid in a pipe flow state, and the rheological model of the foam fluid in different pipe flow states is built by combining the obtained foam performances, so that the representation of the rheological performances of the foam fluid in the pipe flow state is realized.
Further, the gas-liquid two-phase flow experimental loop comprises: foam generation system, circulation pipe system and fluid recovery system. The foam generating system is connected with the water tank and the compressor through pipelines, a centrifugal pump, a liquid phase regulating valve and a liquid phase flowmeter are sequentially arranged on a connecting pipeline from the water tank to the foam generator according to the fluid flowing direction, a buffer tank, a pressure sensor, a gas phase regulating valve and a gas phase flowmeter are sequentially arranged on a connecting pipeline from the compressor to the foam generator according to the fluid flowing direction, and liquid phase and gas phase controlled by the liquid phase regulating valve and the gas phase regulating valve form foam fluid under different working conditions through the foam generator and are sequentially introduced into the circulating pipeline system and the fluid recovery system. The circulating pipeline system comprises a foam fluid development stabilizing section and a testing section which are connected by pipe sections with the same specification and size, and the flow observation and the conductivity characteristic distribution test are carried out on the foam fluid in the testing section through a data observation acquisition system. The fluid recovery system is mainly provided with a cyclone separator and a waste liquid recovery tank, and is respectively used for separating gas-liquid two-phase flow and recovering waste liquid.
Further, the foam performance testing module comprises a conductivity testing unit and a rheological performance testing unit, the conductivity testing unit is provided with a base support, a gas phase inlet is arranged at the bottom of the conductivity testing unit and used for introducing gas flow to foam, and the main body part consists of an organic glass pipe section and an organic glass flange. The inside is equipped with the scale of taking the scale for read the foam height, the top is equipped with solution and adds and foam draws the passageway, is used for adding solution before the foaming and is convenient for take out the foam after the foaming finishes. The main body device of the rheological property testing unit is a rheometer and is used for measuring rheological properties of the foam under different foam quality conditions generated in the foam property testing module.
Preferably, five organic glass flanges for replacing the WMS are arranged in the conductivity characteristic testing unit according to height distribution, the thickness and the inner diameter of the flanges are completely consistent with those of the WMS, and the purpose of the method is to enable the WMS to be sequentially arranged at different positions and test the relation between foaming volume and conductivity.
Further, the data observation and acquisition system comprises a high-speed camera and a WMS, wherein the high-speed camera is used for observing the foam volume and the flow characteristics of the foam fluid in a pipe flow state, and the WMS is used for measuring the conductivity distribution characteristics of different sections.
Preferably, the measurement size of the WMS is completely consistent with the inner diameter of a pipeline in a gas-liquid two-phase flow experiment and the aperture of a pipe section of a foam performance test module, and the WMS can be used in series in the two test modules.
By utilizing the technical scheme disclosed by the invention, the invention provides an experimental method for representing rheological property of foam fluid in a pipe flow state, which comprises the following steps:
step one: adding a solution containing a foaming agent into the device, introducing compressed air with a constant flow rate into the foam generator unit for foaming operation, starting a synchronous data acquisition system, recording the conductivity change of the foam in the process of increasing the volume of the foam, and obtaining a relation curve (foam quality) of the foam conductivity and the foam qualityIs defined by: />
Step two: after the rated design volume is reached, stopping the operation of introducing air flow and foaming, recording the volume change process of foam in the defoaming process, calculating the half-life period of foam liquid to obtain a foam volume attenuation curve, and deriving time to obtain a foam attenuation speed curve;
step three: injecting the foams with different foam quality characteristics generated in the foam performance testing device into a rheometer respectively, and testing the rheological properties of the foams to obtain foam rheological property curves under different foam quality characteristics;
step four: performing gas-liquid two-phase flow experiment in a foam multiphase flow experiment loop, generating foam through a foam generator, and performing high-speed shooting acquisition of foam structural characteristics and synchronous conductivity characteristic distribution measurement of a pipeline section in a pipe flow test section;
step five: based on the relation between the foam conductivity and the foam quality obtained in the first step, according to the section conductivity distribution of the foam-containing fluid obtained in the fourth step, carrying out fine structural feature division on the foam-containing multiphase fluid, and substituting the structural feature division into the different relation between the foam quality and the rheological property obtained in the third step, so as to establish a flow model of the foam-containing multiphase fluid.
Compared with the prior foam performance testing device and method, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) The experimental device and the method for representing the rheological property of the foam fluid in the pipe flow environment are provided for the first time;
(2) Pure water is used as a solvent of the foaming agent, so that the influence of impurities in the water on the foam performance is eliminated, the test result is more accurate, and other substances (acid solution, inorganic salt, defoamer and the like) can be added on the basis, so that the foaming agent is suitable for researching the influence of other environments and influencing factors on the foam performance;
(3) The WMS system is adopted to test the foam, and the traditional foam performance test is associated with pipe flow foam flow, so that the application range of the WMS system is widened;
(4) The coupling of the test result of the foam performance and the foam flow performance under the pipe flow state is realized, so that a rheological model of the foam fluid under the pipe flow state is established, the research and development of the field of multiphase flow containing foam are promoted, and the scientific guidance and the optimization application of the foam liquid discharge technology are realized.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an experimental device for characterizing rheological properties of foam fluid in a pipe flow state.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a conductivity testing unit of the foam performance testing module according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the operation of the test method of the present invention.
In fig. 1: 1. the device comprises a compressor, 2, a gas phase buffer tank, 3, a pressure sensor, 4, a water tank, 5, a centrifugal pump, 6, a gas phase flowmeter, 7, a liquid phase flowmeter, 8-1, a gas phase flow regulating valve, 8-2, a liquid phase flow regulating valve, 8-3, a gas phase flow regulating valve, 9, a foam generator, 10, a pipeline development stabilizing section, 11, a pipeline testing section, 12, a cyclone separator, 13, a waste liquid collecting box, 14, a conventional valve, 15, a foam performance testing module, 16, a computer, 17, a signal controller, 18, a high-speed camera, 19 and WMS.
In fig. 2: 20. solution pumping in and air supply inlet 21, foam generator 22, device fixed base 23, device connection fixed component 24, graduated scale 25, transparent flange 26, transparent pipe section 27, device top cap 28, foam pouring outlet.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
for a further understanding of the invention, the invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings: the present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical scheme of the invention, and a detailed implementation mode is given, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiment.
According to an embodiment of the method for testing the performance of a foamed fluid in a pipe flow according to the invention, the method comprises the following steps in sequence:
step one: adding a solution containing a foaming agent into the device, introducing compressed air with a constant flow rate into the foam generator unit for foaming operation, starting a synchronous data acquisition system, recording the conductivity change of the foam in the foam volume increasing process, and obtaining a relation curve of the foam conductivity and the foam quality;
step two: after the rated design volume is reached, stopping the operation of introducing air flow and foaming, recording the volume change process of foam in the defoaming process, calculating the half-life period of foam liquid to obtain a foam volume attenuation curve, and deriving time to obtain a foam attenuation speed curve;
step three: injecting the foams with different foam quality characteristics generated in the foam performance testing device into a rheometer respectively, and testing the rheological properties of the foams to obtain foam rheological property curves under different foam quality characteristics;
step four: performing gas-liquid two-phase flow experiment in a foam multiphase flow experiment loop, generating foam through a foam generator, and performing high-speed shooting acquisition of foam structural characteristics and synchronous conductivity characteristic distribution of a pipeline section in a pipe flow test section;
step five: based on the relation between the foam conductivity and the foam quality obtained in the first step, according to the section conductivity distribution of the foam-containing fluid obtained in the fourth step, carrying out fine structural feature division on the foam-containing multiphase fluid, and substituting the structural feature division into the different relation between the foam quality and the rheological property obtained in the third step, so as to establish a rheological model of the foam-containing multiphase fluid.
In the first step, an air source valve is closed, a solution valve is opened, solution is injected, the solution valve is closed, a data observation and acquisition system is opened, the air source valve is opened, the relation between the foam quality and the conductivity is tested, and the foam foaming capacity is tested.
In the first step, the foaming agent-containing solution may be optionally added with various substances (acidic solution, inorganic salt, polymer, etc.) for studying the influence thereof on the foam properties.
In the second step, the air source valve is closed, the solution valve is closed, the data observation and acquisition system is opened, the relation of the change of the foam volume along with time is recorded, the decay curve of the foam volume along with time is calculated, and the stability performance of the foam is tested.
And in the third step, closing the air source valve, opening the solution valve, injecting the solution, closing the solution valve, opening the air source valve, performing control foaming on the foam with different foam qualities according to scales, closing the air source valve after the designed foaming volume is reached, injecting the foam into the rheometer, and testing the foam rheological characteristic curves with different foam qualities.
In the fourth step, a gas phase valve is opened, a liquid phase valve is opened, the flow rates of gas phase and liquid phase are regulated, and after the flow is stable, a data observation and acquisition system is opened to synchronously acquire the section conductivity and the flow pattern characteristics.
In the fourth step, the apparent velocities of different gas and liquid phases can be respectively adjusted according to different flow patterns and flow characteristics, and the flow performance of the foam fluid under different flow states can be studied.
In the test method of the embodiment, a gas-liquid two-phase flow test loop is used, as shown in fig. 1, and the gas-liquid two-phase flow test loop comprises a gas supply device compressor 1, a gas phase buffer tank 2, a pressure sensor 3, a water tank 4, a centrifugal pump 5, a gas phase flowmeter 6, a liquid phase flowmeter 7, a gas phase flow regulating valve 8-1, a liquid phase flow regulating valve 8-2, a gas phase flow regulating valve 8-3, a foam generator 9, a pipeline development stabilizing section 10, a pipeline test section 11, a cyclone separator 12, a waste liquid collecting box 13 and a conventional valve 14.
In the test method of the present embodiment, a data observation and acquisition system is used, and as shown in fig. 1, the data observation and acquisition system includes a computer 16, a signal controller 17, a high-speed camera 18, and a WMS19.
The test method of this example uses a foam conductivity test experimental apparatus. As shown in fig. 1, a foam performance test apparatus 15. The detailed structure is shown in the figure II. The foam conductivity performance testing device comprises a solution pumping inlet 20, a foam generating device 21, a device fixing base 22, a device connecting and fixing assembly 23, a graduated scale 24, a transparent flange 25, a transparent pipe section 26, a device top cover 27 and a foam pouring outlet 28.
In the device, the thickness and the pipe inner diameter size of the WMS19 and the transparent flange 25 are the same, the transparent flange 25 at different positions of the WMS19 and the foam conductivity performance testing device can be replaced, the foam conductivity change at different positions is tested, and the repeatability and the accuracy of the result are verified. The WMS acquisition system can be connected with the foam conductivity performance test experimental device and the transparent observation pipe section and the test section pipeline in the gas-liquid two-phase flow test loop in series.
The invention skillfully applies the WMS test system to the performance test of the foam fluid in the flowing state, and realizes the characterization of the foam performance obtained by the traditional foam performance test device applied to the foam fluid performance in the pipe flow state by measuring the section conductivity distribution of the foam fluid, thereby establishing a rheological model in the foam flowing state and promoting the scientific guidance and the optimized application of the foam liquid discharge technology.
Claims (7)
1. An experimental method for characterizing rheological properties of a foam fluid in a tubular flow state is characterized by comprising the following steps in sequence:
step one: adding a solution containing a foaming agent into the device, introducing compressed air with a constant flow rate into the foam generator unit for foaming operation, starting a synchronous data acquisition system, recording the conductivity change of the foam in the foam volume increasing process, and obtaining a relation curve of the foam conductivity and the foam quality;
step two: after the rated design volume is reached, stopping the operation of introducing air flow and foaming, recording the volume change process of foam in the defoaming process, calculating the half-life period of foam liquid to obtain a foam volume attenuation curve, and deriving time to obtain a foam attenuation speed curve;
step three: injecting the foams with different foam quality characteristics generated in the foam performance testing device into a rheometer respectively, and testing the rheological properties of the foams to obtain foam rheological property curves under different foam quality characteristics;
step four: performing gas-liquid two-phase flow experiment in a foam multiphase flow experiment loop, generating foam through a foam generator, and performing high-speed shooting acquisition of foam structural characteristics and synchronous conductivity characteristic distribution measurement of a pipeline section in a pipe flow test section;
step five: based on the relation between the foam conductivity and the foam quality obtained in the first step, carrying out fine structural division on the foam fluid according to the distribution characteristics of the section conductivity of the foam fluid obtained in the fourth step, and then establishing a rheological model of the foam multiphase fluid by combining the rheological property relation of the foam under different foam quality conditions obtained in the third step.
2. An experimental method for characterizing rheological properties of a foamed fluid in a tubular flow state according to claim 1 wherein: in the first step, an air source valve is closed, a solution valve is opened, solution is injected, the solution valve is closed, a data observation and acquisition system is opened, the air source valve is opened, the foam volume change is acquired, and the conductivity distribution is measured.
3. An experimental method for characterizing rheological properties of a foamed fluid in a tubular flow state according to claim 1 wherein: in the second step, the air source valve is closed, the solution valve is closed, the data observation and acquisition system is opened, the relation of the change of the foam volume along with time is recorded, the decay curve of the foam volume along with time is calculated, and the stability performance of the foam is tested.
4. An experimental method for characterizing rheological properties of a foamed fluid in a tubular flow state according to claim 1 wherein: in the first step, the foaming agent-containing solution is selectively added with various substances to study the influence of the foaming agent-containing solution on the rheological property of the foam.
5. An experimental method for characterizing rheological properties of a foamed fluid in a tubular flow state according to claim 1 wherein: and in the third step, closing the air source valve, opening the solution valve, injecting the solution, closing the solution valve, opening the air source valve, controlling the foaming operation according to scales aiming at the foams with different foam quality characteristics, closing the air source valve after the designed foaming volume is reached, injecting the foam into the rheometer, and testing the foam rheological characteristics of different foam qualities.
6. An experimental method for characterizing rheological properties of a foamed fluid in a tubular flow state according to claim 1 wherein: in the fourth step, a gas phase valve is opened, a liquid phase valve is opened, gas phase and liquid phase flow rates are regulated, and after fluid flow is stable, a data observation and acquisition system is opened to synchronously acquire section conductivity and flow pattern structural characteristics.
7. An experimental method for characterizing rheological properties of a foamed fluid in a tubular flow state according to claim 1 wherein: in the fourth step, aiming at different flow patterns and flow characteristics, the apparent speeds of different gas and liquid phases are respectively regulated, and the rheological properties of the foam fluid under different flow states are researched.
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| US20080035201A1 (en) * | 2005-03-22 | 2008-02-14 | Waterous Corporation | Electronically Controlled Direct Injection Foam Delivery System and Method of Regulating Flow of Foam into Water Stream Based on Conductivity Measure |
| RU2344286C2 (en) * | 2006-12-28 | 2009-01-20 | Шлюмберже Текнолоджи Б.В. | Method and device for real-time acoustic monitoring properties of foam and aerated liquids |
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| US4776210A (en) * | 1987-06-03 | 1988-10-11 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Multiphase fluid flow measurement systems and methods |
| CN102718983A (en) * | 2012-06-28 | 2012-10-10 | 四川大学 | Preparation method of polymer-based conductive microporous foam composite material |
| CN104034629A (en) * | 2014-06-26 | 2014-09-10 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Foam pipe rheological test system and application thereof |
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