CN114295775A - Experimental device and method for representing rheological property of foam fluid in pipe flow state - Google Patents
Experimental device and method for representing rheological property of foam fluid in pipe flow state Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an experimental device and method for representing rheological property of foam fluid in a pipe flow state, belongs to the technical field of foam liquid drainage in an oil-gas gathering and transportation system, and mainly solves the problem that a testing means and a representing method for the flowing property of the foam fluid in a pipeline are lacked in the prior art. The experimental device consists of a gas-liquid two-phase flow experimental loop, a foam performance testing module and a data observation and acquisition system. The method measures the conductivity and rheological property of the foam under different foam qualities by adopting a foam performance testing module and a data observation and acquisition system, and further obtains the relationship between the foam quality and the conductivity and rheological property of the foam; a gas-liquid two-phase flow experiment loop and a data observation and acquisition system are adopted for measuring the cross section conductivity distribution and the flow pattern structural characteristics of the foam fluid in a pipe flow state, and the rheological models of the foam fluid in different pipe flow states are established by combining the obtained foam performance, so that the characterization of the rheological performance of the foam fluid in the pipe flow state is realized.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to the technical field of foam liquid drainage of an oil-gas gathering and transportation system, in particular to an experimental device and method for representing rheological property of foam fluid in a pipe flow state.
Background art:
meanwhile, when the natural gas contains acidic components, corrosion of pipelines and valve parts is aggravated, the service life of the pipelines and the valve parts is shortened, and local perforation is caused in severe cases, so that local leakage of the natural gas and dangerous accidents are caused. Therefore, removal of the accumulated liquid and even suppression of the accumulated liquid is a necessary operation for ensuring safe production operation of the gas well and the pipeline.
Foam drainage is a technology for removing accumulated liquid, which has low operation cost and small operation risk and is suitable for various pipelines with special valves and elbows, and the method is widely applied to gas wells at present. The principle is as follows: the surfactant is added to promote the generation of foam, so that the density of a liquid phase is reduced, the slippage effect of the liquid phase is weakened, and the liquid carrying capacity of gas is improved, thereby realizing the aim of foam liquid drainage. For conventional foam performance studies, most scholars have similar devices and limited studies on foamability and stability of static foams, which cannot be directly correlated with foam performance under actual pipe flow conditions. The development of the field of multiphase flow containing foam is limited by the limitations of the device and the method, the foam liquid discharging technology lacks the support of corresponding theories and models, so that at present, the field is still limited to the method of adopting a repeatability test to grope the optimal mode (parameters such as concentration, proportion and the like) of the foam liquid discharging, the testing time period is long, and a large amount of manpower and financial resources are consumed.
The foam performance testing method and the testing device disclosed in the Chinese patent 201010620889.5 are used for testing the anti-foaming performance and the defoaming performance of water-based processing liquid in a vertical transparent test tube, and the testing environment of the method is greatly different from the flow state of a foam tube, so the method and the device are not suitable for the performance test of foam in a pipeline; the on-line detection method for the performance of the foam for oil displacement disclosed in the Chinese patent 201510887385.2 adopts a foam displacement experiment of a core, is similar to the oil displacement environment, and can obtain the performance of the foam for oil displacement, but the method is not suitable for the test of the foam flow performance under the pipe flow condition; the chinese patent 201810871221.4 discloses a high-temperature and high-pressure foam rheological test system and an experimental method, which adopt a high-temperature and high-pressure rheological measurement unit to perform rheological test on foam to obtain foam rheological properties under different pressure and temperature conditions, but the test result cannot be applied to multiphase flow containing foam due to lack of pipe flow environmental conditions; the experiment device and method for testing the performance and defoaming separation effect of the foam fluid disclosed in the chinese patent 201911067678.0 adopt a loop experiment device for gas-liquid two-phase flow, but the main body of a foam performance testing module of the device is an analysis tank, and the testing of the foam performance under the environment is not performed in the actual pipe flow process, so that the testing result may be different from the performance of the foam fluid in the actual flow.
The invention content is as follows:
in order to solve the problems, the invention provides an experimental device and an experimental method for representing rheological property of foam fluid in a pipe flow state.
The first purpose of the invention is to provide an experimental device for representing rheological property of foam fluid under pipe flow state, which can measure the conductivity property, rheological property, foaming capacity and stability performance evaluation of foams with different foam qualities.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide an experimental method for characterizing the rheological property of the foam fluid under the pipe flow state, and the characterization of the rheological property of the foam fluid under the pipe flow state can be realized according to the experimental method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an experimental device for representing rheological property of foam fluid in a pipe flow state is used for a gas-liquid two-phase flow experimental loop for generating and conveying the foam fluid and enabling the foam fluid to be stably developed and observed, a foam property testing module for testing foam conductivity and rheological property of different foam qualities, and a data observation and acquisition system for observing foam volume and fluid flow pattern structures and measuring conductivity. Measuring the conductivity and rheological property of the foam under different foam qualities by adopting a foam performance testing module and a data observation and acquisition system, and further obtaining the relationship between the foam quality and the conductivity and rheological property of the foam; a gas-liquid two-phase flow experiment loop and a data observation and acquisition system are adopted for measuring the cross section conductivity distribution and the flow pattern structural characteristics of the foam fluid in a pipe flow state, and the rheological models of the foam fluid in different pipe flow states are established by combining the obtained foam performance, so that the characterization of the rheological performance of the foam fluid in the pipe flow state is realized.
Further, the gas-liquid two-phase flow experiment loop comprises: a foam generation system, a circulation pipeline system and a fluid recovery system. The foam generating system is connected with the water tank and the compressor through pipelines, a centrifugal pump, a liquid phase regulating valve and a liquid phase flowmeter are sequentially arranged on a connecting pipeline from the water tank to the foam generator according to the fluid flowing direction, a buffer tank, a pressure sensor, a gas phase regulating valve and a gas phase flowmeter are sequentially arranged on a connecting pipeline from the compressor to the foam generator according to the fluid flowing direction, and liquid phases and gas phases controlled by the liquid phase regulating valve and the gas phase regulating valve form foam fluids under different working conditions through the foam generator and are sequentially led into the circulating pipeline system and the fluid recovery system. The circulating pipeline system comprises a foam fluid development stable section and a testing section which are connected by pipe sections with the same specification and size, and the foam fluid is subjected to flow observation and conductivity characteristic distribution testing in the testing section through a data observation and acquisition system. The fluid recovery system is mainly provided with a cyclone separator and a waste liquid recovery tank, and is respectively used for separating gas-liquid two-phase flow and recovering waste liquid.
Further, the foam performance testing module comprises a conductivity testing unit and a rheological performance testing unit, the conductivity testing unit is provided with a base support, a gas phase inlet is formed in the bottom of the base support and used for introducing air flow to foam, and the main body part of the foam performance testing module is composed of an organic glass pipe section and an organic glass flange. Inside is equipped with the scale of taking the scale for read the foam height, the top is equipped with solution and adds and the foam draws the passageway, is convenient for take out the foam after adding solution and foaming and finishing before the foaming. The main body device of the rheological property testing unit is a rheometer which is used for measuring the rheological property of the foam under different foam quality conditions generated in the foam property testing module.
Preferably, five organic glass flanges for replacing the WMS are arranged in the conductivity testing unit according to the height distribution, the thickness and the inner diameter of each flange are completely consistent with those of the WMS, and the purpose is to sequentially arrange the WMS at different positions and test the relation between the foaming volume and the conductivity.
Further, the data observation and acquisition system comprises a high-speed camera and a WMS, wherein the high-speed camera is used for observing the foam volume and the flow characteristics of the foam fluid in the pipe flow state, and the WMS is used for measuring the conductivity distribution characteristics of different sections.
Preferably, the measurement size of the WMS is completely consistent with the inner diameter of a pipeline and the pipe section aperture of a foam performance testing module in a gas-liquid two-phase flow experiment, and the WMS can be used in series in the two testing modules.
By utilizing the technical scheme disclosed above, the invention provides an experimental method for characterizing rheological property of foam fluid in a pipe flow state, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: adding solution containing foaming agent into the device, introducing compressed air with constant flow rate into the foam generator unit for foaming operation, starting the synchronous data acquisition system, recording the change of the foam conductivity in the foam volume increase process, and obtaining the relation curve (foam quality) between the foam conductivity and the foam quality
Definition of (1):
step two: stopping introducing air flow and foaming operation after the rated design volume is reached, recording the volume change process of foam in the defoaming process, calculating the half-life period of foam precipitation liquid to obtain a foam volume attenuation curve, and obtaining a foam attenuation speed curve by deriving the time;
step three: respectively injecting the foams with different foam quality characteristics generated in the foam performance testing device into a rheometer to test the rheological performance of the foams to obtain foam rheological performance curves under different foam quality characteristics;
step four: performing a gas-liquid two-phase flow experiment in a foam multiphase flow experiment loop, generating foam through a foam generator, and performing high-speed camera shooting acquisition of foam structure characteristics and synchronous measurement of conductivity characteristic distribution of a pipeline section at a pipe flow test section;
step five: based on the relation between the foam conductivity and the foam mass obtained in the first step, the foam-containing multiphase fluid is finely divided according to the cross-section conductivity characteristic distribution of the foam-containing fluid obtained in the fourth step, and then the foam-containing multiphase fluid is substituted into the relation between the different foam masses and the rheological properties obtained in the third step, so that a flow model of the foam-containing multiphase fluid is established.
Compared with the existing foam performance testing device and method, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) firstly, an experimental device and method for representing rheological property of foam fluid in a pipe flow environment are provided;
(2) pure water is used as a solvent of the foaming agent, so that the influence of impurities in water on the foam performance is eliminated, the test result is more accurate, and meanwhile, other substances (acid solution, inorganic salt, defoaming agent and the like) can be added on the basis to be suitable for researching the influence of other environments and influencing factors on the foam performance;
(3) the WMS system is adopted to test the foam, the traditional foam performance test is associated with the foam flow of pipe flow, and the application range of the WMS system is widened;
(4) the coupling of the test result of the foam performance and the foam flowing performance in the pipe flowing state is realized, and then a rheological model of the foam fluid in the pipe flowing state is established, the research and development of the field of foam-containing multiphase flow are promoted, and the scientific guidance and the optimized application of the foam liquid discharging technology are realized.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an experimental apparatus for characterizing rheological properties of a foamed fluid under pipe flow conditions according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a conductivity testing unit of the foam performance testing module according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the operation of the test method of the present invention.
In fig. 1: 1. the system comprises a compressor, 2, a gas phase buffer tank, 3, a pressure sensor, 4, a water tank, 5, a centrifugal pump, 6, a gas phase flowmeter, 7, a liquid phase flowmeter, 8-1, a gas phase flow regulating valve, 8-2, a liquid phase flow regulating valve, 8-3, a gas phase flow regulating valve, 9, a foam generator, 10, a pipeline development stabilizing section, 11, a pipeline testing section, 12, a cyclone separator, 13, a waste liquid collecting box, 14 and a conventional valve. 15. The device comprises a foam performance testing module 16, a data acquisition system 17, a signal controller 18, a high-speed camera 19 and a WMS.
In fig. 2: 20. the device comprises a solution pumping and air supply inlet 21, a foam generator 22, a device fixing base 23, a device connecting and fixing component 24, a graduated scale 25, a transparent flange 26, a transparent pipe section 27, a device top cover 28 and a foam dumping outlet.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
for a further understanding of the inventive concepts, reference will now be made to the following descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which: the present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the invention, and a detailed implementation is given, and the scope of the invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
According to one embodiment of the method for testing the properties of a foamed fluid in pipe flow according to the invention, the method comprises the following steps in the following order:
the method comprises the following steps: adding a solution containing a foaming agent into the device, introducing compressed air with a constant flow rate into a foam generator unit for foaming operation, starting a synchronous data acquisition system, and recording the change of the conductivity of the foam in the foam volume increasing process to obtain a relation curve of the conductivity of the foam and the quality of the foam;
step two: stopping introducing air flow and foaming operation after the rated design volume is reached, recording the volume change process of foam in the defoaming process, calculating the half-life period of foam precipitation liquid to obtain a foam volume attenuation curve, and obtaining a foam attenuation speed curve by deriving the time;
step three: respectively injecting the foams with different foam quality characteristics generated in the foam performance testing device into a rheometer to test the rheological performance of the foams to obtain foam rheological performance curves under different foam quality characteristics;
step four: performing a gas-liquid two-phase flow experiment in a foam multiphase flow experiment loop, generating foam through a foam generator, and performing high-speed camera shooting acquisition of foam structure characteristics and synchronous conductivity characteristic distribution of a pipeline section at a pipe flow test section;
step five: based on the relation between the foam conductivity and the foam mass obtained in the first step, the foam-containing multiphase fluid is finely divided according to the cross-section conductivity characteristic distribution of the foam-containing fluid obtained in the fourth step, and then the foam-containing multiphase fluid is substituted into the relation between the different foam masses and the rheological properties obtained in the third step, so that a flow model of the foam-containing multiphase fluid is established.
In the first step, the gas source valve is closed, the solution valve is opened, the solution is injected, the solution valve is closed, the data observation and acquisition system is started, the gas source valve is opened, and the relation between the foam quality and the conductivity and the foam foaming capacity are tested.
In the first step, various substances (acidic solution, inorganic salt, polymer and the like) can be selectively added into the foaming agent-containing solution for researching the influence of the foaming agent-containing solution on the foam performance.
And in the second step, closing the gas source valve, closing the solution valve, opening the data observation and acquisition system, recording the relation of the foam volume change along with time, calculating the decay curve of the foam volume along with time, and testing the stability of the foam volume.
And in the third step, closing the air source valve, opening the solution valve, injecting the solution, closing the solution valve, opening the air source valve, controlling foaming according to scales and aiming at foams with different foam qualities, closing the air source valve after the designed foaming volume is reached, injecting the foams into the rheometer, and testing the foam rheological characteristic curves with different foam qualities.
And in the fourth step, opening a gas phase valve, opening a liquid phase valve, adjusting the flow of the gas phase and the liquid phase, and after the flow is stable, opening a data observation and acquisition system to synchronously acquire the conductivity and the flow pattern characteristics of the cross section.
In the fourth step, the apparent velocities of different gas-liquid phases can be respectively adjusted according to different flow patterns and flow characteristics, and the flow performance of the foam fluid in different flow states can be researched.
The test method of the embodiment uses a gas-liquid two-phase flow experimental loop, as shown in the figure I, the gas-liquid two-phase flow experimental loop comprises a gas supply device compressor 1, a gas phase buffer tank 2, a pressure sensor 3, a water tank 4, a centrifugal pump 5, a gas phase flowmeter 6, a liquid phase flowmeter 7, a gas phase flow regulating valve 8-1, a liquid phase flow regulating valve 8-2, a gas phase flow regulating valve 8-3, a foam generator 9, a pipeline development stabilizing section 10, a pipeline test section 11, a cyclone separator 12, a waste liquid collecting tank 13 and a conventional valve 14.
In the test method of the present embodiment, a data observation and acquisition system is used, and as shown in the figure I, the data observation and acquisition system includes a computer 15, a signal controller 16, a high-speed camera 17, and a WMS 18.
The test method of this example uses a foam conductivity test experimental apparatus. As shown in fig. one, a foam performance testing device 19. The detailed structure is shown in figure three. The foam conductivity testing device comprises a solution pumping and air supply inlet 20, a foam generating device 21, a device fixing base 22, a device connecting and fixing component 23, a graduated scale 24, a transparent flange 25, a transparent pipe section 26, a device top cover 27 and a foam dumping outlet 28.
In the device, the thickness and the inner diameter of the pipe of the WMS18 and the transparent flange 25 are the same, the WMS18 and the transparent flange 25 at different positions of the foam conductivity testing device can be replaced, the foam conductivity change at different positions can be tested, and the repeatability and the accuracy of the result can be verified. The WMS acquisition system can be connected with the foam conductivity performance test experimental device and the transparent observation pipe section and the test section pipe in the gas-liquid two-phase flow experimental loop in series.
The WMS testing system is ingeniously applied to the performance test of the foam fluid in the flowing state, the foam performance obtained by the traditional foam performance testing device is applied to the characterization of the foam fluid performance in the pipe flow state by measuring the cross-section conductivity distribution of the foam fluid, and then a rheological model in the foam flowing state is established, and the scientific guidance and the optimized application of the foam liquid discharging technology are promoted.
Claims (8)
1. An experimental device for representing foam rheological property under a pipe flow state is characterized in that: the experimental device consists of a gas-liquid two-phase flow experimental loop, a foam performance testing module and a data observation and acquisition system;
the gas-liquid two-phase flow experiment loop mainly comprises a foam generation system, a circulation pipeline system and a fluid recovery system, wherein the foam generation system can adjust different apparent gas-liquid phase flow rates to generate foam fluids under different working conditions, the circulation pipeline system is provided with a flow development stable section and an observation section, and the fluid recovery system is used for gas-liquid two-phase separation and waste liquid collection;
the foam performance testing module mainly comprises a conductivity testing unit and a rheological performance testing unit, wherein the conductivity testing unit is used for testing the conductivity of different foam qualities, and the rheological performance testing unit is used for testing the relationship between the foam qualities and the rheological characteristics of the foam;
the data observation and acquisition system mainly comprises a high-speed camera system and a WMS system, wherein the high-speed camera system is used for observing the foam volume and the foam fluid flow structure, and the WMS system is used for measuring the conductivity distribution characteristics of different sections.
2. An experimental method for characterizing the rheological properties of a foamed fluid under pipe flow conditions using the experimental apparatus of claim 1, characterized in that it consists of, in the following order:
the method comprises the following steps: adding a solution containing a foaming agent into the device, introducing compressed air with a constant flow rate into a foam generator unit for foaming operation, starting a synchronous data acquisition system, and recording the change of the conductivity of the foam in the foam volume increasing process to obtain a relation curve of the conductivity of the foam and the quality of the foam;
step two: stopping introducing air flow and foaming operation after the rated design volume is reached, recording the volume change process of foam in the defoaming process, calculating the half-life period of foam precipitation liquid to obtain a foam volume attenuation curve, and obtaining a foam attenuation speed curve by deriving the time;
step three: respectively injecting the foams with different foam quality characteristics generated in the foam performance testing device into a rheometer to test the rheological performance of the foams to obtain foam rheological performance curves under different foam quality characteristics;
step four: performing a gas-liquid two-phase flow experiment in a foam multiphase flow experiment loop, generating foam through a foam generator, and performing high-speed camera shooting acquisition of foam structure characteristics and synchronous measurement of conductivity characteristic distribution of a pipeline section at a pipe flow test section;
step five: based on the relation between the foam conductivity and the foam mass obtained in the first step, the foam-containing multiphase fluid is finely divided according to the cross-section conductivity characteristic distribution of the foam-containing fluid obtained in the fourth step, and then the foam-containing multiphase fluid is substituted into the relation between the different foam masses and the rheological properties obtained in the third step, so that a flow model of the foam-containing multiphase fluid is established.
3. The experimental method for characterizing the rheological properties of a foamed fluid under pipe flow conditions as claimed in claim 2, wherein: in the first step, the gas source valve is closed, the solution valve is opened, the solution is injected, the solution valve is closed, the data observation and acquisition system is started, the gas source valve is opened, the foam volume change is acquired, and the conductivity distribution is measured.
4. The experimental method for characterizing the rheological properties of a foamed fluid under pipe flow conditions as claimed in claim 2, wherein: and in the second step, closing the gas source valve, closing the solution valve, opening the data observation and acquisition system, recording the relation of the foam volume change along with time, calculating the decay curve of the foam volume along with time, and testing the stability of the foam volume.
5. The experimental method for characterizing the rheological properties of a foamed fluid under pipe flow conditions as claimed in claim 2, wherein: in the first step, various substances (acidic solution, inorganic salt, polymer and the like) can be selectively added into the foaming agent-containing solution to study the influence of other factors on the foam performance.
6. The experimental method for characterizing the rheological properties of a foamed fluid under pipe flow conditions as claimed in claim 2, wherein: and in the third step, closing the air source valve, opening the solution valve, injecting the solution, closing the solution valve, opening the air source valve, controlling foaming operation according to scales aiming at foams with different foam quality characteristics, closing the air source valve after the designed foaming volume is reached, injecting the foams into the rheometer, and testing the foam rheological characteristics with different foam qualities.
7. The experimental method for characterizing the rheological properties of a foamed fluid under pipe flow conditions as claimed in claim 2, wherein: and in the fourth step, opening a gas phase valve, opening a liquid phase valve, adjusting the flow of the gas phase and the liquid phase, and after the fluid flows stably, opening a data observation and acquisition system to synchronously acquire the conductivity of the cross section and the structural characteristics of the flow pattern.
8. The experimental method for characterizing the rheological properties of a foamed fluid under pipe flow conditions as claimed in claim 2, wherein: in the fourth step, the apparent velocities of different gas-liquid phases can be respectively adjusted according to different flow patterns and flow characteristics, and the rheological properties of the foam fluid under different flow states can be researched.
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