CN114295583B - Coherent measurement device for greenhouse gas - Google Patents
Coherent measurement device for greenhouse gas Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000126211 Hericium coralloides Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 5
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012625 in-situ measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to a coherent measurement device of greenhouse gases, comprising: the optical frequency comb light source, a half wave plate, a quarter wave plate, an optical fiber circulator, an optical beam expander, a single mode optical fiber polarization controller, a carbon dioxide laser, a methane laser, an optical switch, an optical fiber beam combiner, a photoelectric detector, a filter, a data acquisition and processor and a reflecting mirror. The optical frequency comb light source, the half wave plate, the quarter wave plate, the optical fiber circulator and the optical beam expander are sequentially connected, the optical fiber circulator, the single-mode optical fiber polarization controller, the optical fiber beam combiner, the photoelectric detector, the filter and the data acquisition and processor are sequentially connected, the carbon dioxide laser and the methane laser are both connected with the optical switch, and the optical switch is connected with the optical fiber beam combiner; the data acquisition and processor is connected with the carbon dioxide laser and the methane laser, and the reflector is used for receiving laser emitted by the optical beam expander. The measuring device has the characteristics of wide measuring range and long measuring distance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of greenhouse gas measurement, in particular to a coherent measurement device for greenhouse gas.
Background
The information disclosed in the background of the invention is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and is not necessarily to be taken as an admission or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
Greenhouse gas emissions, which cause a greenhouse effect, raise the global temperature, and global warming has become an important obstacle restricting sustainable development of human economy and society, and control of pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions has become a current global issue.
Currently, in-situ measurement methods are generally adopted for measuring carbon dioxide and methane. However, this method is not effective in achieving statistics of carbon dioxide and methane emissions in large areas. The current measurement modes for carbon dioxide emission in a large area comprise satellite remote sensing and laser radar measurement methods. However, the two methods have the defects of long carbon dioxide satellite remote sensing measurement time period and large measurement area scale. However, the laser radar measurement method is limited by the factors of a laser light source, and carbon dioxide and methane laser radars have no mature series products.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem of how to realize the measurement of carbon dioxide and methane gas in a large area, the invention provides a coherent measurement device for greenhouse gas, which has the characteristics of wide measurement range, long measurement distance and more measurement gas types compared with the carbon dioxide measurement mode. In order to achieve the above object, the technical scheme of the present invention is as follows.
A coherent measurement device for greenhouse gases, comprising: the optical frequency comb light source, a half wave plate, a quarter wave plate, an optical fiber circulator, an optical beam expander, a single mode optical fiber polarization controller, a carbon dioxide laser, a methane laser, an optical switch, an optical fiber beam combiner, a photoelectric detector, a filter, a data acquisition and processor and a reflecting mirror. Wherein: the optical frequency comb light source, the half wave plate, the quarter wave plate, the optical fiber circulator and the optical beam expander are sequentially connected, the optical fiber circulator, the single-mode optical fiber polarization controller, the optical fiber beam combiner, the photoelectric detector, the filter and the data acquisition and processor are sequentially connected, the carbon dioxide laser and the methane laser are both connected with the optical switch, and the optical switch is connected with the optical fiber beam combiner. The data acquisition and processor are connected with the carbon dioxide laser and the methane laser, and the reflector is used for receiving laser emitted by the optical beam expander.
Further, the distance between the reflecting mirror and the optical beam expander is preferably controlled to be 1-2 km. In the invention, the optical beam expander transmits laser to the atmosphere, and the laser is received again after being reflected by the far reflecting mirror, so that the concentration flux measurement of carbon dioxide and methane on a certain line can be realized, and the laser is transmitted to the optical fiber circulator for the next processing.
Further, the optical frequency comb light source is wide in spectrum, and the spectrum coverage range is 1500-1700nm. In the invention, the optical frequency comb light source adopts ELMO of Menlo system company, the spectrum resolution is 100MHz, the pulse is 150 femtoseconds, and the spectrum range is 1550-1700nm. The high resolution spectrum employed allows more accurate acquisition of the measured gas molecular spectrum. The pulse width is in the femtosecond level, so that the peak power is high, and the measuring distance is long; the spectral molecular range substantially covers water, carbon dioxide, methane, and carbon monoxide, and various types of gas measurements can be made. Therefore, the method for measuring the gas molecules by adopting the optical frequency comb light source has the characteristics of high spectral accuracy, long measurement distance and rich measurement types;
further, the optical parameters of the optical fiber circulator are as follows: the central wavelength is 1550nm, and the bandwidth is plus or minus 15nm. In the present invention, the optical fiber circulator is mainly used for transmitting laser signals and receiving reflected signals.
Further, the optical parameters of the beam expander are as follows: the beam expansion multiple is 10 times, and the mirror coating film covers the range of 1500-1650nm. In the invention, the beam expander can be used for coupling the laser reflected by the reflector back into the circulator for processing by utilizing the optical coaxial emission structure.
Further, the carbon dioxide laser has a center wavelength of 1572nm, a wavelength coverage range of 1570nm to 1574nm, and an output power of 5mW, and preferably, the output state of the laser is linear polarization.
Further, the methane laser is a semiconductor DFB laser, the central wavelength is 1653nm, the wavelength coverage range is 1652nm to 1654nm, the output power is 5mW, and preferably, the output state of the laser is linear polarization. In the invention, the main functions of the carbon dioxide laser and the methane laser are mainly used for local oscillation, and are optically coherent with an optical frequency comb light source to extract the concentration and spectral information of methane or carbon dioxide.
Further, the optical fiber combiner is a two-in-one combiner. In the invention, the main function of the optical fiber beam combiner is to combine a carbon dioxide laser and a methane laser, and then input the combined beams to a photoelectric detector for further processing.
Further, the spectrum range of the photoelectric detector is 900-1700nm, and the bandwidth is 1G. In the invention, the main function of the photoelectric detector is to realize optical beat frequency signals, so that the optical frequency THZ of the optical frequency comb is converted into GHz, and signals are more easily extracted.
Further, the filter is a low-pass filter, and is mainly used for filtering to obtain a low-frequency signal.
Further, the data acquisition and processing card is mainly used for generating laser driving signals, acquiring, processing and filtering signals.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention fills the gap of the current lack of a small-scale instrument for simultaneously measuring methane and carbon dioxide, the space resolution of the invention is higher than that of satellite remote sensing, and the detected distance can realize the measurement of the radius from km to tens of km.
2. The types of the gas covered by the optical frequency comb light source are various, and the local carbon dioxide or methane laser can be replaced according to actual requirements to realize gas measurement.
3. Because the optical frequency comb light source is adopted, the measured gas molecular spectrum has high resolution, which cannot be achieved by conventional instruments such as laser radar or satellite remote sensing, and the measured high resolution molecular spectrum can improve the characteristic recognition of gas molecules in a certain area.
4. The signal extraction mode adopts an optical coherence method, so that the background noise and the sun background light noise of the detector can be effectively restrained, and the signal detection sensitivity is improved.
5. The method adopts an active detection technology, and has the characteristic of full weather compared with a passive detection technology. The used light source wave band is 1.5-1.7um wave band, which is safe for human eyes.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a coherent greenhouse gas measurement device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The labels in the figures represent: 1-optical frequency comb light source, 2-half wave plate, 3-quarter wave plate, 4-optical fiber circulator, 5-optical beam expander, 6-single mode fiber polarization controller, 7-carbon dioxide laser, 8-methane laser, 9-optical switch, 10-optical fiber combiner, 11-photoelectric detector, 12-filter, 13-data acquisition and processor, 14-reflector.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
For convenience of description, the words "upper", "lower", "left" and "right" in the present invention, if they mean only that the directions are consistent with the upper, lower, left, and right directions of the drawings per se, and do not limit the structure, only for convenience of description and simplification of the description, but do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element to be referred to needs to have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Term interpretation section: the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like in the present invention are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; the terms are used herein to refer to any combination of two or more elements, including mechanical connection, direct connection, indirect connection via an intermediary, or interaction of two or more elements. Further description will now be made with reference to the drawings and specific examples. The test method and system will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, there is illustrated a coherent measurement device of greenhouse gases, including: the optical frequency comb light source 1, a half-wave plate 2, a quarter-wave plate 3, an optical fiber circulator 4, an optical beam expander 5, a single-mode optical fiber polarization controller 6, a carbon dioxide laser 7, a methane laser 8, an optical switch 9, an optical fiber beam combiner 10, a photoelectric detector 11, a filter 12, a data acquisition and processor 13 and a reflecting mirror 14, wherein:
the optical frequency comb light source 1, the half-wave plate 2, the quarter-wave plate 3, the optical fiber circulator 4 and the optical beam expander 5 are sequentially connected, the optical frequency comb light source 1 is wide in spectrum, the spectrum coverage range is 1500-1700nm, and the adopted device is commercial Menlosystem. The half-wave plate 2 and the quarter-wave plate 3 are mainly used for adjusting the polarization state of the optical frequency comb, and the half-wave plate and the quarter-wave plate are manufactured by Thorlabs corporation. The optical fiber circulator 4 is a commercial polarization maintaining optical fiber, the adopted number is Thorlabs, PN1550R5A1, the central wavelength is 1550nm, and the bandwidth is plus or minus 15nm. The adopted beam expander is a commercial beam expander of Thorlabs, the beam expansion multiple is 10 times, and the coverage area of the mirror coating is 1500-1650nm. The laser output by the optical frequency comb light source 1 is rotated in polarization state through the half wave plate 2 and the quarter wave plate 3, and then enters the optical fiber circulator 4 and the optical beam expander 5 to be transmitted to the atmosphere.
The optical fiber circulator 4, the single-mode optical fiber polarization controller 6, the optical fiber beam combiner 10, the photoelectric detector 11, the filter 12 and the data acquisition and processor 13 are sequentially connected, the carbon dioxide laser 7 and the methane laser 8 are connected with the optical switch 9, and the optical switch 9 is connected with the optical fiber beam combiner 10. The data acquisition and processor 13 is connected with the carbon dioxide laser 7 and the methane laser 8, and the reflecting mirror 14 is used for receiving the laser emitted by the optical beam expander 5. The distance between the reflecting mirror 14 and the optical beam expander 5 is controlled within km. In the invention, the optical beam expander 5 transmits the laser to the atmosphere, and receives the laser again after the laser is reflected by the far reflecting mirror 14, and the beam expander 5 can return and couple the laser reflected by the reflecting mirror 14 to the circulator 4 for optical coupling by utilizing an optical coaxial transmitting structure so as to realize the purpose of optical convergence. The carbon dioxide laser 7 has a central wavelength of 1572nm, a wavelength coverage range of 1570nm to 1574nm, an output power of 5mW and a linear polarization output state. The methane laser 8 is a semiconductor DFB laser, the central wavelength is 1653nm, the wavelength coverage range is 1652nm to 1654nm, the output power is 5mW, and the output state is linear polarization. The optical fiber combiner 10 has the main function of combining the carbon dioxide laser 7 and the methane laser 8. The spectrum range of the photodetector 11 is 900-1700nm, and the bandwidth is 1G. The main function of the photodetector 11 is an optical beat signal. The filter 12 is a low-pass filter, which is mainly used for filtering to obtain a low-frequency signal. The data acquisition and processing card is mainly used for realizing signal acquisition, processing and filtering.
The main function of the carbon dioxide laser 7 and the methane laser 8 is to extract methane and carbon dioxide information carried by signals reflected by the optical frequency comb light source. The optical fiber beam combiner 10 is a two-in-one beam combiner, then enters the photoelectric detector 11 to perform beat frequency, then performs radio frequency amplification through the filter 12, and finally performs signal acquisition, processing and filtering through the data acquisition and storage 13. The adopted signal acquisition card is a high-speed data acquisition card, and the data sampling rate is 2G and the resolution is 16 bits. The data processing algorithm used is as follows:
the optical frequency comb signal is set as follows:
wherein A (v) is the intensity of each comb tooth, w N Corresponding to the frequency of each comb.
After the optical frequency comb signal propagates back through reflection, the measured signal is:
Is＝I*exp(-CL*S(V))
wherein C is the gas concentration, L is the distance from the laser beam expander to the reflector, and S (V) is the absorption spectrum intensity of the gas molecules.
When the reflected laser and the local laser are beat frequency, the obtained signal is:
S＝(Is+I)×(Is+I) *
wherein I is the intensity of the local signal methane or carbon dioxide, x is the conjugate of the reflected signal and the local signal, S is the measured signal amplitude, and s≡cls (V) is analyzed by simplification. From the S signal, concentration information of the gas can be obtained.
The working principle of the whole device is as follows: the optical frequency comb light source 1 realizes optical polarization adjustment after passing through the half wave plate 2 and the quarter wave plate 3, and transmits the optical frequency comb light source to the atmosphere through the optical beam expander 5 after passing through the polarization maintaining fiber circulator 4, and the laser reflected by the far reflecting mirror 14 is coupled into the fiber circulator 4 and realizes polarization rotation through the single mode fiber polarization controller 6. The output lasers of the carbon dioxide laser 7 and the methane laser 8 are respectively at the time T1 and the time T2 (T1 and T2 are cycle time and can be set according to requirements, and the laser is used for switching the carbon dioxide laser 7 and the methane laser 8) and is coupled with the light output by the single-mode fiber polarization controller 6 through the optical fiber combiner 10 after passing through the optical switch 9, and after beating frequency through the photoelectric detector 11, the laser is amplified by the filter 12 and is analyzed by the data acquisition and processor 13 to obtain methane and carbon dioxide concentration information.
Finally, it should be noted that any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. While the foregoing description of the embodiments of the present invention has been presented in conjunction with the drawings, it should be understood that it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but rather, it is intended to cover all modifications and variations within the scope of the invention as defined by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A coherent measurement device for greenhouse gases, comprising: the optical frequency comb light source, the half wave plate, the quarter wave plate, the optical fiber circulator, the optical beam expander, the single mode optical fiber polarization controller, the carbon dioxide laser, the methane laser, the optical switch, the optical fiber beam combiner, the photoelectric detector, the filter, the data acquisition and processor and the reflecting mirror; wherein: the optical frequency comb light source, the half wave plate, the quarter wave plate, the optical fiber circulator and the optical beam expander are sequentially connected, the optical fiber circulator, the single-mode optical fiber polarization controller, the optical fiber beam combiner, the photoelectric detector, the filter and the data acquisition and processor are sequentially connected, the carbon dioxide laser and the methane laser are both connected with the optical switch, and the optical switch is connected with the optical fiber beam combiner; the data acquisition and processor is connected with the carbon dioxide laser and the methane laser, the reflector is used for receiving laser emitted by the optical beam expander, and the adopted data processing algorithm is as follows:
the optical frequency comb signal is set as follows:
；
wherein the method comprises the steps ofFor the strength of each comb, +.>The frequency of each comb tooth;
after the optical frequency comb signal propagates back through reflection, the measured signal is:
；
wherein C is the gas concentration, L is the distance from the laser beam expander to the reflector, and S (V) is the gas molecular absorption spectrum intensity;
when the reflected laser and the local laser are beat frequency, the obtained signal is:
；
wherein I is the intensity of the local signal methane or carbon dioxide laser, x is the conjugate of the reflected signal and the local signal, wherein S is the measured signal amplitude, analyzed by reduction,from the S signal, concentration information of the gas can be obtained.
2. The device for coherent measurement of greenhouse gases according to claim 1, wherein the distance between the reflecting mirror and the optical beam expander is controlled to be 1-2 km.
3. The device of claim 1, wherein the optical frequency comb light source is broad spectrum with a spectral coverage of 1500-1700nm.
4. The device for coherent measurement of greenhouse gases according to claim 1, wherein the optical parameters of the fiber optic circulator are: the center wavelength 1550nm, bandwidth plus or minus 15nm.
5. The device of claim 1, wherein the beam expander has optical parameters of: the beam expansion multiple is 10 times, and the coverage of the mirror coating is 1500-1650 and nm.
6. The device of claim 1, wherein the carbon dioxide laser has a center wavelength of 1572nm, a wavelength coverage of 1570nm to 1574nm, an output power of 5mW, and an output state of linear polarization.
7. The device of claim 1, wherein the methane laser is a semiconductor DFB laser with a center wavelength of 1653nm, a wavelength coverage of 1652nm to 1654nm, an output power of 5mW, and an output state of the laser is linear polarization.
8. The device of claim 1, wherein the optical fiber combiner is a two-in-one combiner.
9. The device of claim 1, further characterized in that the photodetector has a spectral range of 900-1700nm and a bandwidth of 1G.
10. The device for coherent measurement of greenhouse gases according to any of claims 1 to 9, wherein the filter is a low pass filter.
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