CN104567960A - Coherent Brillouin optical time-domain analysis sensing system based on phase modulation probe light - Google Patents
Coherent Brillouin optical time-domain analysis sensing system based on phase modulation probe light Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a coherent Brillouin optical time-domain analysis sensing system based on phase modulation probe light. In the system, an electro-optic intensity modulator is driven by an electric pulse signal to externally modulate light carrier waves to generate pump light, the electro-optic intensity modulator working at a carrier wave inhibition point is driven by a microwave signal to externally modulate light carrier waves to generate local light, the local light is externally modulated through an electro-optic phase modulator to generate symmetric side bands as the probe light, and the electro-optic phase modulator is driven by a frequency-adjustable radio-frequency signal. Two components of the probe light scan a Brillouin gain area and a loss area of the pump light respectively at the same time, and losses of the pump light can be dynamically compensated so that non-local effects can be reduced while amplitude modulation is carried out on the pump light by a Brillouin gain spectrum. Frequency beating is carried out on the probe light and the local light through a photoelectric detector, information of the Brillouin gain spectrum is loaded to GHz high-frequency carrier waves to avoid base band noise damage, and meanwhile the signal-to-noise ration of the whole system is improved through coherent detection.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is Brillouin optical time domain analysis sensor-based system in a kind of distributing optical fiber sensing field, specifically a kind ofly can carry out the relevant Brillouin optical time domain analysis sensor-based system detected based on phase-modulation detection light.
Background technology
Temperature is carried out and stress sensing is being subject to extensive concern in recent decades based on backward Brillouin scattering signal in optical fiber.For electric transducer and fiber-optic grating sensor, its main advantage is the distance sensing (can reach 100km) more grown, higher spatial resolution (can reach 1cm) and utilize Transmission Fibers itself as sensor.The common Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques based on backward Brillouin scattering effect has Brillouin light time domain reflection sense technology and Brillouin optical time domain analysis sensing technology.Brillouin optical time domain reflecting sensing system structure is relatively simple, but signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is lower, and Brillouin optical time domain analysis sensor-based system can improve signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) to a great extent, thus realizes longer distance sensing.Common Brillouin optical time domain analysis sensor-based system often adopts the microwave signal of 10 ~ 11GHz as swept-frequency signal, and adopts the mode of direct detection.The problem one brought has higher requirement to microwave source, and two is that direct detection signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is lower.Be different from the mode of direct detection, the mode of coherent detection can increase substantially signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio), relevant Brillouin optical time domain analysis sensor-based system known at present mainly contains following two classes: the microwave shaping electric pulse that utilizes that 1) people such as Ander Zornoza proposed in 2012 produces frequency displacement pump light by electro-optic intensity modulator external modulation light carrier, and recycling radiofrequency signal produces flashlight by electro-optic phase modulator external modulation light carrier; 2) what the people such as Michel Dossou proposed in 2013 utilizes the electro-optic phase modulator of cascade to produce flashlight.Method 1) utilize sideband light can not cause non-local effect by dynamic compensation because of pumping consumption as pump light, method 2) in utilize electro-optic phase modulator to carry out carrier suppressed modulation, can because suppressed carrier system be low thus introduce coherent noise, simultaneously carrier wave suppresses the multiple sidebands produced can worsen the performance of system.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above deficiency of prior art, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of relevant Brillouin optical time domain analysis sensor-based system based on phase-modulation detection light.The light carrier that light source produces is divided into two-way, and wherein a road is by electric pulse external modulation, produces pulse pump light; An other road is produced two single order sidebands (i.e. this flash of light preceding an earthquake) of carrier wave suppression by the electro-optic intensity modulator external modulation being operated in carrier wave inhibition point by the microwave signal of 9.6GHz, because electro-optic intensity modulator suppressed carrier system is high, the sideband produced is fewer than electro-optic phase modulator, so can reduce coherent noise and eliminate polygon band to the impact of system performance.Reference light is modulated the symmetrical single order sideband of generation as continuous signal light by the radiofrequency signal of 1.1 ~ 1.3GHz further by electro-optic phase modulator.Symmetrical flashlight can the consumption of effective compensation pumping, reduces non-local effect.
The object of the invention is to analyze and scheme proposes and realization based on following:
Based on a relevant Brillouin optical time domain analysis sensor-based system for intensity modulated detection light, it is characterized in that, laser instrument 1 output center frequency is f
0light carrier be divided into two-way by 50:50 photo-coupler 2; The microwave signal that one tunnel is produced by microwave signal generator 4 after Polarization Controller 3 is by being operated in electro-optic intensity modulator 5 external modulation of carrier wave inhibition point; The output signal frequency of microwave signal generator 4 is f
lO; Centered by the output light of electro-optic phase modulator 5, frequency is f
0two single order sidebands of ± 9.6GHz, the radiofrequency signal produced by radio-frequency signal generator 7 after Polarization Controller 6 is by electro-optic phase modulator 8 external modulation; The output frequency of radio-frequency signal generator 7 is f
s; The output light of electro-optic phase modulator 8, after the optical signal amplification of Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) 9 and the polarization state rapid perturbations of scrambler 10, sends into measuring fiber 12 as continuous probe light by optoisolator 11; The pulse signal that another road is produced by pulse signal generator 14 after Polarization Controller 13 is by producing pulsed light after electro-optic intensity modulator 15 external modulation, and this pulsed light enters measuring fiber 12 as pulse pump light by optical circulator 17 after being amplified by Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) 16.Continuous probe light sequentially passes through photodetector 18 and bandpass filter 19, and to obtain carrier frequency be f
scomponent, this component is after the amplification of low noise amplifier 20, and be carried in amplitude information on this carrier frequency by IQ detuner 21 demodulation, the I road that IQ detuner demodulates and Q road signal are gathered by data collecting card 22.
Like this, in a system of the invention, the light carrier centre frequency that laser instrument 1 exports is f
0, this light carrier is divided into two parts by 50:50 coupling mechanism 2, and a electric pulse produced by pulse signal generator 14 is transfered to other localities by electro-optic intensity modulator 15 and made the pump light of pulsed light as system.The electro-optic intensity modulator 5 that another part is operated in carrier wave inhibition point is transfered to other localities, and to make frequency be f
0± f
lOtwo single order sidebands, as this flash of light preceding an earthquake of system, wherein f
lOfor the fixing output frequency of microwave signal generator 4.This flash of light preceding an earthquake is further by electro-optic phase modulator 8 external modulation driven by radio-frequency signal generator 7, and generation frequency is f
0± f
lO± f
ssymmetrical sideband, wherein f
0+ f
lO+ f
sand f
0-f
lO-f
scomponent as the detection light of system, f
sfor the tunable frequency that radio-frequency signal generator 7 exports.After detection light and pump light interact in a fiber, the light field expression formula arriving photodetector 18 is:
Wherein E
0, E
lOand E
sbe respectively the complex amplitude of carrier frequency light, this flash of light preceding an earthquake and detection light, f
d=f
s+ f
lO-f
bfor the frequency detuning between detection light and Brillouin shift.G
sBS(f) and l
sBSf () is respectively brillouin gain and loss amplitude,
with
be respectively brillouin gain and loss phase shift.The current expression that then photodetector 18 exports is:
Wherein R
cfor the receiving sensitivity of photodetector.Formula (2) reflects two main advantages of the present invention: 1) small amplitude signal E
sg
sBS(f
d) with significantly signal E
lObe multiplied and improve the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of photodetector output signal; 2) brillouin gain spectrum information is modulated at frequency is f
shigh frequency carrier on, avoid baseband noise damage.Brillouin gain spectrum information by IQ detuner 21 demodulation, and is gathered by data collecting card 22 further, solves temperature and stress information by the data construct optical fiber that collects gain spectral everywhere by Lorentz fit.
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1 is the relevant Brillouin optical time domain analysis sensor-based system structural representation based on phase-modulation detection light of the present invention;
The spectrum schematic diagram of Fig. 2 continuous probe light of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the brillouin gain spectrum and Lorentz fit thereof that record at the 1km place of 40km sensor fibre;
Fig. 4 is the Brillouin shift of the 40km sensor fibre end demodulated.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.
Fig. 1 is Brillouin optical time domain analysis sensor-based system structural representation of the present invention, and as shown in the figure, laser instrument 1 output center frequency is f
0light carrier (centre wavelength 1550nm, f
0=193THz), this light carrier is divided into two parts by 50:50 photo-coupler 2.The a microwave signal produced by microwave signal generator 4 after Polarization Controller 3 is by electro-optic intensity modulator 5 external modulation.Electro-optic intensity modulator 5 is operated in carrier wave inhibition point, realizes the highest suppressed carrier system by regulating Polarization Controller 3.The output signal frequency of microwave signal generator is f
lO(being fixed as 9.6GHz).Centered by the output light of electro-optic intensity modulator 5, frequency is f
0two single order sidebands of ± 9.6GHz, the radiofrequency signal that these two single order sidebands are produced by radio-frequency signal generator 7 after Polarization Controller 6 is by electro-optic phase modulator 8 external modulation.The output frequency of radio-frequency signal generator is f
s(1.1 ~ 1.3GHz is tunable).Then the output optical signal of electro-optic phase modulator 8 comprises altogether 6 frequency content: f
0± f
lOand f
0± f
lO± f
s.Wherein f
0± f
lOfor local light component, f
0+ f
lO+ f
sand f
0-f
lO-f
sfor phase-modulation detection light component.The output light of electro-optic phase modulator 8, after the optical signal amplification of Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) 9 and the polarization state rapid perturbations of scrambler 10, sends into measuring fiber 12 by optoisolator 11.The pulse signal that another part is produced by pulse signal generator 14 after Polarization Controller 13 is by producing pulsed light after electro-optic intensity modulator 15 external modulation.This pulsed light enters measuring fiber 12 as pulse pump light by optical circulator 17 after being amplified by Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) 16.When phase-modulation detection light and pulse pump light interact in a fiber, the f in scanning brillouin gain district
0-f
lO-f
scomponent, by brillouin gain spectrum amplitude modulation(PAM), scans the f in Brillouin's loss district simultaneously
0+ f
lO+ f
scomponent is by Brillouin's loss spectra amplitude modulation(PAM), so the light signal field intensity entering photodetector 18 can represent with equation (1).Bandpass filter 19 is filtered carrier frequency is f
scomponent, this component is after the amplification of low noise amplifier 20, and be carried in amplitude information on this carrier frequency by IQ detuner 21 demodulation, the I road that IQ detuner demodulates and Q road signal are gathered by data collecting card 22, thus can obtain different scanning frequency f
sunder Brillouin scattering time-domain signal.And then build distance-frequency-normalization amplitude three-dimensional plot, demodulate temperature and stress information at the diverse location place of sensor fibre by Lorentz fit.
The spectrum schematic diagram that Fig. 2 (a) is common continuous probe light, it is produced by the single intensity modulator being operated in carrier wave inhibition point.Detection light f
0-f
s1component swept brillouin gain district, by brillouin gain spectrum amplitude modulation(PAM), then detects this component at different f by photodetector
s1the amplitude at value place reconstructs brillouin gain spectrum, further by Lorentz fit solution temperature regulating and stress information.The major defect of this kind of scheme is the mode adopting direct detection, and baseband noise can worsen the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of system.The spectrum schematic diagram that Fig. 2 (b) is continuous probe light of the present invention, it is produced by the intensity modulator of cascade and phase-modulator, and intensity modulator is operated in carrier wave inhibition point.Detection light f
0-f
lO-f
scomponent swept brillouin gain district, detects light f simultaneously
0+ f
lO+ f
scomponent swept Brillouin loss district.When carrying out opto-electronic conversion by photodetector, detection light f
0-f
lO-f
scomponent and this flash of light preceding an earthquake f
0-f
lOcomponent beat frequency, detects light f simultaneously
0+ f
lO+ f
scomponent and this flash of light preceding an earthquake f
0+ f
lOcomponent beat frequency, uses frequency f
shigh frequency carrier carry brillouin gain spectrum information.Doing so avoids the impact of baseband noise on system,
Fig. 3 is the brillouin gain spectrum and Lorentz fit thereof that record at the 1km place of 40km sensor fibre.Because the brillouin gain spectrum recorded presents symmetrical Lorentz distribution, so there is no obvious error of fitting, demonstrate the reliability of system sensing.
Fig. 4 is the Brillouin shift of the 40km sensor fibre end demodulated, and achieves the spatial resolution of about 3 meters and is less than the temperature resolution of 1 DEG C.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1., for common direct detection Brillouin optical time domain analysis system, owing to introducing relevant detection, the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of system can be increased substantially.
2., for common coherent detection Brillouin optical time domain analysis system, owing to adopting symmetrical detection light, so dynamically can compensate the consumption of pumping, thus reduce non-local effect.
Claims (4)
1., based on a relevant Brillouin optical time domain analysis sensor-based system for intensity modulated detection light, it is characterized in that, laser instrument (1) output center frequency is f
0light carrier be divided into two-way by 50:50 photo-coupler (2); The microwave signal that one tunnel is produced by microwave signal generator (4) after the first Polarization Controller (3) is by being operated in the first electro-optic intensity modulator (5) external modulation of carrier wave inhibition point; The output signal frequency of microwave signal generator (4) is f
lO; Centered by the output light of electro-optic intensity modulator (5), frequency is f
0two single order sidebands of ± 9.6GHz, the radiofrequency signal produced by radio-frequency signal generator (7) after the second Polarization Controller (6) is by electro-optic phase modulator (8) external modulation; The output frequency of radio-frequency signal generator (7) is f
s; The output light of electro-optic phase modulator (8), after the optical signal amplification of Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) (9) and the polarization state rapid perturbations of scrambler (10), sends into measuring fiber (12) as continuous probe light by optoisolator (11); The pulse signal that another road is produced by pulse signal generator (14) after the 3rd Polarization Controller (13) by the second electro-optic intensity modulator (15) external modulation after produce pulsed light, this pulsed light enters measuring fiber (12) as pulse pump light by optical circulator (17) after being amplified by Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) (16); Continuous probe light sequentially passes through photodetector (18) and bandpass filter (19), and to obtain carrier frequency be f
scomponent, this component is after the amplification of low noise amplifier (20), be carried in amplitude information on this carrier frequency by IQ detuner (21) demodulation, the I road that IQ detuner demodulates and Q road signal are gathered by data collecting card (22).
2. according to claim 1 a kind of based on intensity modulated detection light relevant Brillouin optical time domain analysis sensor-based system, it is characterized in that, the output signal frequency f of described microwave signal generator (4)
lObe fixed as 9.6GHz.
3. according to claim 1 a kind of based on intensity modulated detection light relevant Brillouin optical time domain analysis sensor-based system, it is characterized in that, the output frequency f of radio-frequency signal generator (7)
s1.1 ~ 1.3GHz is tunable.
4. according to claim 1 a kind of based on intensity modulated detection light relevant Brillouin optical time domain analysis sensor-based system, it is characterized in that, adopt quick IQ detuner to carry out amplitude and phase demodulating.
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