CN114293455A

CN114293455A - One-pull road bridge and its manufacture and construction

Info

Publication number: CN114293455A
Application number: CN202111207636.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 郑孝群; 郑一鸣
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2021-10-11
Filing date: 2021-10-11
Publication date: 2022-04-08
Anticipated expiration: 2041-10-11
Also published as: WO2023060783A1; CN114293455B

Abstract

A draw road bridge and manufacture and construction thereof belong to the field of structures and manufacture and construction thereof. The invention can form a road bridge after being unfolded and pulled. The bridge is a unit structure formed by positioning a plurality of rod pieces at nodes by taper pins, fastening by large taper pins with keys and fixedly connecting by node plates, and is erected on piers vertically using reinforced concrete or rod system structures to form columns, and the bridge floor is an equal-strength box-type beam or a continuous beam. The invention is formed by the hybridization of mechanisms and structures, can expand and contract, can be supported by an expanded bridge, and is convenient for storage and transportation; designing by using the existing structural program; the machine is machined and manufactured under the constraint of the tool, so that standardized large production is realized; the construction is carried out by a new process, and the construction is safe and reliable; the road bridge assembly stress is extremely small; the novel road and bridge combined structure has the advantages of large rigidity, small deflection, automatic and stable structure in the construction process, short construction period, long service life, extremely simple damage repair, energy conservation, environmental protection, one bridge with multiple purposes, high cost performance and suitability for the construction of various roads and bridges. The invention reserves the technical essence of the rod bridge and is different from the rod bridge, thereby being an subversive breakthrough on the traditional technology.

Description

One-pull road bridge and its manufacture and construction

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of road and bridge structures and manufacturing and construction.

Background

The application of a rod system structural bridge in the world has been for many years, and engineering practice proves that the bridge has the advantages of large span, light weight, reasonable stress and safety, but the manufacture is difficult; assembly forming, the internal stress is too large; large size bridges often cannot be transported; the construction is difficult due to too large volume; post-damage repair of the pole system structure is even more difficult, and these are difficult problems that have not been solved for hundreds of years around the world. The rod system structure with more advantages has more difficulties in use, so that the wide application of large and super-large steel structures is greatly restricted.

At present, large roads and bridges at home and abroad are mostly welded into structures by using a welding mode, but the defects are very obvious, the structure generates uncontrollable irregular deformation due to the release of thermal stress near welding seams, the manufacturing precision of the roads and bridges cannot be ensured, the hidden danger brought to the future use is very large, and the road and bridge is an unsolved problem which puzzles the engineering field for many years. Therefore, the bridge with high requirement on manufacturing precision is replaced by a riveting process instead of integral welding, such as one bridge in the Yangtze river of Wuhan in China. However, hundreds of thousands of rivets are riveted manually, which has huge engineering quantity, long construction period and high cost. Therefore, the welding and riveting processes are difficult to construct bridges, the assembly stress of the overall structure of the road bridge caused by welding is very large, and no effective solution is provided by the scientific and technological field so far, which is difficult to assemble.

Modern bridges are increasingly large in quantity, but how to simply store and transport large-block roads and bridges becomes the second most difficult problem which troubles the world and limits the application of large roads and bridges. There has been no good solution for many years, which is difficult to store and transport.

The construction site is built with plants and the site is manufactured with equipment, but whether the local manufacturing chain is perfect or not is limited, the manufacturing quality of the structure is possibly affected, and after the project is finished, the plants have to be used, the equipment is not easy to move, and the cost of the original project is greatly increased and the secondary waste caused by the retention in the later period is caused.

In addition, the dead weight of the large bridge is hundreds of tons, thousands of tons or even tens of thousands of tons, so that the heavy structure can be lifted to be erected on the bridge pier, and the world is rarely provided with the large lifting equipment. This is difficult to construct and install.

In addition, large bridge structures in modern engineering are large in size and weight, and are difficult to avoid collision and damage in the processes of manufacturing, assembling, storing, transporting, constructing and installing. The damage of the rod system structure is difficult to maintain, if the damage is serious, the rod system structure is scrapped, remanufactured and replaced, and the loss is large, so the maintenance is difficult.

Therefore, in order to solve the above problems and a series of disadvantages derived therefrom, it is necessary to thoroughly modify the conventional bridge with a rod system structure to overcome the disadvantages and advantages.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a draw road bridge technology which can accurately and flexibly graft mechanisms in mechanical disciplines into the structures of civil engineering without traces, and a series of advantages are generated by the hybridization among disciplines. The new structure has the advantages of convenient manufacture, assembly, storage and transportation, construction and maintenance, and is a complete improvement on the prior art. The invention is more ingenious, more reasonable, more economical, safer and more practical.

To achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.

A kind of road bridge that can become the road and bridge after spreading out and drawing, including bridge beam, pier and bridge floor, the said bridge beam is a structure of rod system unit linked together by a plurality of chord members, zero-bar and web member, the said chord member, zero-bar and web member are in the conical hole of the crossed node box, insert the locating pin, fasten the key big taper pin bridge and shape; when the key and the positioning pin are pulled off, the road and bridge structure can be expanded and contracted, the pulled road and bridge is a two-stage mechanism, at the moment, the big taper pin is not provided with the key, when the road and bridge structure is expanded and pulled into a bridge shape, the positioning pin is inserted to fasten all the big taper pins and the inserted key is tapped, and at the moment, the node becomes a rigid node. The bridge is erected on piers which are vertically used pillars and piers in a reinforced concrete structure or modified 'one-pull road bridge'; the bridge deck is of an equal-strength beam box structure or a continuous beam structure.

The invention aims to provide a road bridge which can be designed by using a traditional structural design program, and the safety and the reliability of the 'one-pull road bridge' are ensured from the source.

The invention mechanism and connotation of the 'one-pull road bridge' are different from the traditional structure, but the structure form of the 'one-pull road bridge' is completely the same as that of the traditional bridge when the 'one-pull road bridge' is stretched into a bridge structure, so that the whole stress analysis is basically consistent.

The structural design of the 'one-pull road bridge' follows the relevant technical specifications, except individual parts of a large taper pin in the structure, the external dimension of the bridge structure, the specification and the shape of each part, part and rod piece, and the like are the same as the current standard, so the 'one-pull road bridge' can meet all the use requirements of engineering on the road bridge structure, such as strength, rigidity, flexibility, stability, wind load resistance, earthquake resistance, comfort, and the like, and the safety and the reliability of the road bridge are ensured from the source, so that the invention inherits the wisdom and the achievement of predecessors and saves a large amount of programming time, money and energy.

Secondly, the invention aims to provide a (especially large) road and bridge technology which is easy to manufacture and assemble.

The rod, parts, components and the like in the single-pull road bridge are all completed by water flowing operation under the constraint of a tool (a die) and a fixture (a clamping device) through machining, so that standardization, serialization and universalization can be realized, and artificial intelligence is followed, so that the method is good, fast and economical.

a. The road and bridge structure is roughly machined by 16Mnqo steel: accurately blanking according to a drawing, processing the blank into a required shape through processes of turning, milling, planing, grinding, drilling, welding and the like, and performing low-temperature annealing treatment on a welded part to eliminate internal stress; the rest parts and components are subjected to proper heat treatment according to the situation so as to obtain better plasticity, toughness and strength of the material.

b. Various small tools are designed and manufactured according to the shapes and the sizes of parts according to drawings, the rough machined parts are manufactured into standard parts by the small tools, and the independent small tools can be accurately spliced into a standard unit body capable of machining a pull-out road bridge structure on a large special machine tool, even into a tool capable of machining three or more standard unit bodies, so that the machining precision and the production efficiency are further improved.

c. Each structural unit of the pull-out road bridge is provided with 4H-shaped steel main chords, and web members and zero members are crossed with the H-shaped steel main chords and are key parts of the structure. In thatIn the structure manufacture, after the main chord member is blanked, one end of the main chord member is removed by taking the vertical center line of the cross section as a boundary, and one side of the main chord member is removed by the length of the main chord member

The chord is high, the opposite side is reinforced by the welding plate, the length of the reinforcing welding plate is

The height of the chord is doubled; and the other end of the main chord is reversely removed and reinforced, after the reinforcement is removed, the main chord is subjected to low-temperature annealing treatment and then straightened so as to correct internal stress and deformation generated by cutting and welding, so that the axis of each unit chord is straight, and the form and position tolerance of the whole road bridge structure after being processed is ensured to reach the standard.

d. The special small tool for manufacturing the lower deck is used, the lower deck of the road bridge is cut and blanked according to the shape and the size of the structure, an equal-strength box-shaped structure is rolled on a die, then the side face of the box body is welded to form a standard concave box body, and then the axial reinforcing plate 22 and the transverse reinforcing plate 23 are vertically welded on the bottom plate according to the drawing under the constraint of the tool. Finally, the upper plane plate of the box body is divided into three (or a plurality of) axial laths (grooves), and the axial laths and the axial (transverse) reinforcing plates are firmly welded to form a standard part (see figure 8) with the equal-strength beam box type structure, and low-temperature annealing is carried out.

e. The manufacture of the diagonal support bar 11 between the upper chord member and the lower chord member and the integral assembly of the standard member are carried out under the constraint of a special small tool so as to ensure that the size of the envelope curve of the outer shape of the diagonal support bar is matched with the 4 lower edges of the two corresponding parallel chord members (H-shaped steel).

The support bar 11 and its junction box walls should be slightly thicker. The middle part is a joint box 52 shared by 4 rods, which is formed by welding an upper panel, a lower panel and 4 side plates facing to two directions respectively under the constraint of a tool so as to ensure the accurate orientation, the inner wall of each oriented box is provided with 3 blocks of steel plates, and the structure and the manufacturing method refer to the joint box in the middle of the web member.

On the junction box 52 (see fig. 8), 4 support rods extending in two different directions are extended from the same plane, a grounding iron 50 is arranged at the other end of the extended rod and inserted into the junction box, and an outer covering iron is arranged at the end of the junction box

53 are welded together with the junction box and the bonding (all welded parts need to be annealed at low temperature), and the extending head of the bonding 50 is lapped on the flange of the chord H-shaped steel and fixed by a plurality of bolts (see figure 8 and B).

Under the constraint of the tool, the formed lower deck is installed on the flange on the lower chord at equal intervals and fixed by bolts.

Under the constraint of the tool, construction is carried out according to the drawing, the two ends of the lower bridge floor are drilled according to the nominal size of the selected bolt to determine the aperture, the upper flange of the lower chord is drilled and tapped according to the inner diameter of the selected bolt, and under the constraint of the tool, the drilled hole on the lower bridge floor and the screw hole on the flange share the center line and are screwed and fixed by the bolt 54 (see figure 8).

On each lower bridge floor, the thick-wall locking iron boxes are arranged between equidistant small intervals (no water is accumulated on the small-interval bridge floor, the cleaning and the maintenance are easy, and the strength and the rigidity of the lower bridge floor can be guaranteed in design), and the two side faces of the box walls and the side plates between the two adjacent bridge floors are fixed by bolts so as not to fall off. The purpose is to prevent the damage of the inertia force when a bullet train (suddenly) brakes on a road and a bridge to the lower bridge floor, and after the stop box is arranged, the whole lower bridge floor and the lower chord are integrated when being subjected to the horizontal force so as to reduce the damage of the horizontal force during the traveling.

f. On a special machine tool (such as a large program control coordinate boring machine or other machines), various chords, web members and zero rods of a pulled road bridge which are made into standard parts are assembled into one or more standard unit bodies by using a tool and a fixture, the formed lower layer bridge deck 5, diagonal support rods 11 between the upper chord member and the lower chord member, unit transverse connecting rods 40, a horizontal rod (shown in figure 7) fixedly installed at the proper position of the zero rod in the unit and the like are also assembled into the standard unit bodies, then the length of two diagonal lines of a rectangle on the side surface of the standard unit body in the length direction is measured by using an instrument, the length of the two diagonal lines is equivalent, and the error of the length of the two diagonal lines must meet the design requirement to ensure that the whole manufactured road bridge structure is straight and reaches the standard (shown in figure 31).

g. After the measurement is qualified, the joint boxes are welded on the joint boxes at the intersections of the chord members, the web members and the zero bars of the standard unit bodies (namely the joint boxes are welded in the boxes)With a thickened inner steel plate 47), a through hole is firstly drilled according to the drawing (see figure 6), then the through hole is milled (twisted) into a standard and smooth positioning taper pin hole 46, and high-strength steel (60C) is inserted by tapping_r) The manufactured taper positioning pin 45 is constrained by the tooling, the fixture and the plurality of positioning pins on a special machine tool so as to ensure that the form and position tolerance of the subsequent processing of the structure meets the technical requirement.

h. Next, a large taper hole 2 with a key groove is bored (milled) in a standard unit structure of a special machine tool, and high-strength steel (60C) is assembled_r) The big taper pin 15 and the key are manufactured, and the big taper pin and the insertion key are fastened.

i. Drilling standard holes on each zero rod of the standard unit body according to the drawing size, (each web member in the zero rod truss is manufactured into a standard part on a small tool), and assembling the zero rod truss by riveting or bolting when a pulled road bridge is stretched and formed; drilling holes on an I-beam (square steel pipe) 7 according to a design drawing, and fixedly mounting horizontal rods at the determined positions of the inner sides of two opposite zero rods in each unit to assemble a horizontal truss 20 with the upper I-beam; according to design drawings, holes are drilled at the bottoms of the outer sides of two opposite zero rods in the units, and an inclined upward supporting rod is fixedly installed, so that an outward-extending triangular truss 21 can be formed by the inclined upward supporting rod and an outward-extending eave structure of the upper deck of the road bridge structure.

j. Then, various standard node plates which are formed by die rolling are fixed at the corresponding nodes of a draw road bridge by using clamps on a special machine tool, drawing construction is carried out, and the clamped node plates and corresponding structural bottom plates are drilled together, so that the node plates become universal parts and standard parts on the same type of nodes and are fixedly connected one by one.

k. By implementing the above process, the overall manufacturing accuracy of a single-pull road bridge structure can reach 0.01mm or even higher, the new manufacturing standard will exceed many conventional standards at present, and the new process, the new standard or the speaking right made by the road bridge standard can be regarded as commercial interests.

The structure of the single-pull road bridge is reasonable and accurate in manufacturing, and the structure is manufactured by a machining method (the beginning of manufacturing the road bridge structure is created), so that the structure is very smooth when all the rod pieces and parts (including the node plates) are assembled, the assembly stress is small enough to be almost ignored, the construction is difficult to achieve by the existing riveting and welding process, the potential safety hazard after the single-pull road bridge is put into use is very small, and the single-pull road bridge has great advantages. To date, there are still many technologists in the world trying to reduce the "assembly stress" of conventional structures with very little success. The invention considers that the problems are not solved from the source, and most of the problems are just matters, so the work is doubled, and the problems are that the traditional technology is difficult to manufacture and assemble.

m, the structure is finished in the processing of a special machine tool, a gusset plate is not installed when the structure is taken off a production line, a large taper pin is not fastened, a key is not installed, a positioning pin is not installed, eight operations such as a part truss, a horizontal truss, a triangular truss and a diagonal support rod among upper chords are not assembled, so that the structure can be folded, stored and transported to a construction site, the eight procedures are implemented after a road bridge is unfolded and drawn to be formed, and subsequent operations are carried out, such as: diagonal support bars 11 between the upper chords, horizontal trusses 20, triangular trusses 21, unit transverse support beams 40, continuous beam deck 6, laying rails, deck decks and safety, lighting, communications facilities, and the like.

The invention aims to provide a novel (especially large) road bridge structure technology which is easy to store and transport: the 'one-pull road bridge' is reversible conversion of triangle and four sides, is organic combination and easy conversion of 'structure' and 'mechanism', and has no similar road bridge structure in the world.

When the 'Yilade road bridge' is in a transportation (storage) state, the structure is easily compressed and folded into a small size, so that the transportation or the storage is convenient. The amplitude ratio of the operation length of the new road bridge structure and the length after being compressed and folded can be designed according to the actual engineering requirements. See schematic diagram 17.

The transportation of longer, bigger, heavier road and bridge structure can be according to unit partition transportation, can divide into single member even, realizes whole accessible transportation. The structure is disassembled into units, only 12 node plug-ins (the standard large taper pins are disassembled and inserted) are needed to be disassembled, the units are disassembled into single rod pieces, only 14 node plug-ins are needed to be disassembled, and the flexibility and the accuracy of 'one-pull road bridge' can be seen. This is easy to transport.

The invention aims to provide a novel (especially large) road and bridge structure technology which is easy to construct and install:

the invention is different from the traditional structure mechanism, and can be instantly and easily drawn and unfolded into a road and bridge structure capable of bearing from the mechanism in a folding state.

After the 'one-pull road bridge' is split into units or single rod pieces are transported to a construction site, the split rod pieces can be easily assembled into units by means of hoisting equipment, the split units are assembled into a split or integral bridge structure, only the positioning taper pins are inserted, the detached large taper pins with keys are inserted and fastened, then the standard node plates (see fig. 2 and 5) are fixedly connected with the bridge structure, and the construction of the framework structure of the 'one-pull road bridge' with large rigidity is completed.

The split and assembly has three characteristics, namely, the storage and the transportation are realized, the construction is easy, safe and economical; secondly, the disassembly is very simple, and only the insertion and fastening or loosening of the positioning taper pin and the structural large taper pin and the removal and installation of the key are needed; thirdly, after the integral bridge structure is assembled, all technical requirements of the original design are still met. This is something that conventional bridge construction technology never does.

For clarity of description, the construction of a large-span suspension bridge using a bridge girder erection machine, crane construction, cable crane construction, and their advantages will be briefly described below.

A. And (5) constructing by using a bridge girder erection machine. See fig. 10.

a. When the bridge is manufactured in a factory, a lower layer bridge deck 5 (figure 2, figure 8 and figure 23) of a 'one-pull road bridge' can be fixedly arranged on a bridge structure, also can be fixedly arranged on a construction site (the structure assembly precision and the expansion and the stretching of the bridge structure cannot be influenced), a lower chord diagonal support rod 11, a unit transverse connecting rod 40 and a horizontal rod fixedly connected with the inner sides of two zero rods are fixedly arranged, the folded bridge structure is stretched and formed on a bridge erecting machine, is placed on piers at two ends, is inserted with a positioning taper pin 45, fastens all large taper pin nodes and taps into a key to form rigid connection. At the moment, two opposite zero rods in each unit of the structure are assembled into a zero rod truss 8, each zero rod truss is assembled with a continuous I-beam (square steel pipe) above the zero rod truss into a horizontal truss 20, each zero rod truss and an overhanging eave of the upper bridge deck form a triangular truss 21, a standard gusset plate 9 (shown in figures 2 and 5) is fixedly connected with a bridge structure, and the lower part of the bridge structure is fixedly connected with piers, so that a one-pull road bridge becomes a continuous large-rigidity structure, welding and riveting operations are completely omitted, and subsequent construction can be carried out on the lower bridge deck.

b. And (3) paving the manufactured standard continuous beam structure 6 (shown in figures 2 and 23) of the upper deck by sections by using a bridge girder erection machine, and fixedly mounting the beam structure above a plurality of transverse supporting beams and horizontal trusses of the upper chord, thereby finishing the construction of the structure of the 'one-pull road bridge' with large integral rigidity.

c. The upper and lower bridge surface can be used for subsequent construction, such as rail laying, highway pavement laying, anticorrosion engineering, electrical signal engineering and safety protection engineering.

d. The construction of the 'one-pull road bridge' by the bridge girder erection machine can be considered without erecting and applying a trestle.

B. The construction is carried out by a crane (a crane ship can be used on water). See fig. 11.

The 'one-pull road bridge' is a rod system unit structure system which can be conveniently disassembled and assembled, and can be realized by inserting or pulling off positioning taper pins in a static state, and inserting and fastening 12 (or 14) standard large taper pins and installing and removing keys. See schematic diagram 11, A, B, C, D.

a. Based on the above, the crane construction for the 'one-pull road bridge' is to use N connected units (the positioning taper pin 45, the lower working bridge surface 5, the diagonal support rod 11 between the upper chord member and the lower chord member and the unit transverse connecting rod 40 which are temporary construction loads, the zero-bar truss, the horizontal truss 20 and the triangular truss 21) with stable structures as a construction unit to operate (the double connected units are taken as an example here), the general assembly of the whole bridge structure is completed successively, the connection between the units is that the taper positioning pin is installed and the large taper pin 15 with keys is inserted and fastened (fig. 5, fig. 6 and fig. 9), and then the standard node plates are fixedly installed, so that the connection strength is high, the connection is firm, and the crane construction is very simple, convenient, safe and economical.

b. Firstly, the No. I double-connected unit is hung on a pier and fixed with the pier by the prior art, then the No. II double-connected unit is hung to the same height, 12 large taper pin joints are used for splicing, fastening and assembling keys, so that the X, Y, Z axes of the I, II double-connected units are automatically overlapped, and then the units are fixedly connected by a standard joint plate, and at this time, the unit I, II becomes an integral continuous large-rigidity structure.

c. And (3) hoisting the double-connected unit III to a corresponding height, inserting and fastening the double-connected unit III and the unit I by using 12 large taper pin nodes, aligning the X, Y, Z axis of the unit III with the unit I, II, and fixedly connecting the unit III by using a standard node plate, wherein at the moment, the three connected units I, II and III form an integral continuous large-rigidity structure.

d. And sequentially hoisting the double conjoined unit IV to be aligned with the unit II, aligning the conjoined unit V to be aligned with the unit III, and repeating the operation procedure … … until the adjacent bridge pier is reached. And the operation can be performed between two piers in opposite directions, so that the efficiency is doubled.

e. Because the structure mechanism of the 'Yilade road bridge' is different from that of the traditional technology, the road bridge structures are constructed oppositely, and the last two sections of bridges can be accurately folded between the piers without welding and riveting processes.

f. In the crane operation, two hydraulic jacking structures with larger tonnage and convenient movement are arranged below the road and bridge structure for cooperating construction, and the hydraulic jacking structures are used for supporting the installed cantilever beam bridge structure in the front and the back, wherein the hydraulic jacking structures are used for assisting the crane operation. And (5) coordinating and alternating front and back along with the construction until the bridge is folded into a simple beam structure.

g. The standard continuous beam or statically determinate multi-span beam bridge floor on the upper layer of the road and bridge structure is hoisted by a crane to be fixedly connected with the transverse supporting beam 6 placed on the upper chord member, the construction of the structure of the 'one-pull road and bridge' is completed, the subsequent construction operation can be carried out on the upper and lower bridge floors, and the construction trestle does not need to be erected.

C. And (5) constructing the large-span cable bridge, which is shown in figures 12, 13 and 14.

The suspension bridge can be built with a cable crane (see fig. 12) or other construction methods, such as construction by means of suspension cables.

But the construction is supported without a hydraulic jacking structure, and the suspension cable is more simple to pull.

Reference can be made to the above-mentioned method of construction with a crane, i.e. with a double-connected structural unit as a construction unit, and the advantages of this novel construction method are obvious.

According to the draft of the author in the scheme, the weight of the connected double-unit structure is about 50 tons.

The suspension bridge is also a rear node plate after insertion of a standard positioning taper pin, insertion of a large taper pin with a key and fastening when being folded, and the suspension bridge is shown in fig. 13 and 14, and 12 nodes of A (A '), B (B'), C (C '), D (D'). And welding and riveting processes are not needed.

After the folding, the upper deck of the standard continuous beam or the statically determinate multi-span beam is hoisted by a cable crane, and is placed on the horizontal supporting beam 6 and the horizontal truss 20 on the upper chord of the 'one-pull road bridge' and fixedly connected with the horizontal supporting beam until the suspension bridge is built. The construction of the trestle is not needed.

D. The construction of the 'one-pull road bridge' by using a bridge girder erection machine, a crane and a cable crane has 6 basic advantages that the traditional road bridge construction technology is difficult to realize:

a. when the bridge girder erection machine is used for construction of the 'one-pull road bridge', the whole bridge girder erection machine is integrally pulled and unfolded into a structure, the lower bridge deck is formed, positioning taper pins are inserted for positioning, all the large taper pin nodes with keys are fastened, the zero-bar truss, the horizontal truss, the triangular truss, the support rods 11 between the upper chord member and the lower chord member are assembled, the standard node plates 9 are fixedly connected, then the upper bridge deck is paved, at the moment, the road bridge is a continuous large-rigidity structure, and subsequent construction operation can be carried out on the upper bridge deck and the lower bridge deck.

b. The conjoined double (N) unit structure with stable hoisting structure is constructed by a crane or a cable crane, has small volume, light weight, easy control, quick installation, labor saving, safety and construction cost saving.

c. During construction of the 'one-pull road bridge', the connection among the units is only the insertion fastening of 4 positioning pins and 12 large taper pin nodes with keys, the unit has the advantages of high strength, firm connection, quick installation and convenient construction, is fixedly installed by using standard node plates, has low technical content, is easy to operate and can be done by almost people.

d. In the traditional bridge construction, two sections of steel bridges are connected by welding or riveting, the welding process is complex, the technical requirement is high, and the welded bridge is deformed and buried with potential safety hazards; the riveting is complicated, the construction period is long and the cost is high. The new technology does not have the defect.

e. The inherent defects of the welding and riveting process cause that the assembly stress of the traditional road and bridge structure is overlarge, which is a big fixed disease of the traditional steel structure, and no people can provide a thorough solution so far. The forming mechanism of the 'Yila road bridge' is ingenious, the manufacturing of structural parts is accurate, so the assembly stress of the road bridge is extremely small and can be ignored.

f. When the 'one-pull road bridge' is formed by stretching, the lower working bridge surface is automatically formed, many parts of the road bridge structure are installed on the ground, positioning taper pins are inserted, all the large taper pins with keys are fastened to form rigid nodes, and the bridge is in a stable structure on the axis of X, Y, Z, so that various subsequent constructions can be performed on the bridge, and therefore, the construction of a trestle is not needed, and the cost, the time and the labor are saved. The trestle is not repaired, which is a great revolution to the traditional construction process and construction organization and brings benefits.

The invention has ingenious principle and accurate manufacturing process, and the unique construction method makes the installation and construction of larger and heavier roads and bridges easy.

The invention aims to provide a novel road and bridge structure which is very easy to maintain and replace. See fig. 18.

The large steel structure is difficult to avoid being collided and damaged in the processes of manufacturing, assembling, storing, transporting, constructing and installing, if the damage is slight, cutting and welding repair are carried out, and the large steel structure can be used after being repaired; if the damage is serious, the steel is scrapped and is remanufactured, and the loss is large.

The 'one-pull road bridge' is a unit structure, and is a large-scale rod system unit structure which is mainly formed by fixedly connecting 3 rod pieces (six types, namely left and right), the traditional rod system structure is difficult to repair due to damage, and the new-technology road bridge completely abandons the traditional repair method: after collision damage occurs, the damage of the rod pieces and the number of the damaged rod pieces are checked, the positioning pins and the large taper pins with the keys on the units where the rod pieces are located are removed, the damaged rod pieces are removed, new standard rod pieces are replaced, the positioning pins and the large taper pins with the keys are inserted and fastened, and the novel road and bridge structure is formed. The aim is to save labor, work and money, and no traditional structure can be repaired as new, which is a great highlight of new technology and a great benefit of the inventor who uses the traditional structure, and is easy to repair and replace (see fig. 18).

The invention aims to provide an integral stable road and bridge structure capable of being automatically formed.

The invented mechanism of the 'one-lad road bridge' and its design and manufacture process make the new structure inherently have stable DNA. The structure of the 'Yilade road bridge' has the characteristics of a mechanism and a structure and has double functions. When the road and bridge structure is stretched, drawn and formed and all nodes are fastened, all the rod pieces in the 'one-drawing road and bridge' lose the degree of freedom of translation and rotation, the included angle between all the rods connected on the nodes is unchanged, and the rod pieces can bear both shearing force and axial force and bending moment.

When the 'one-pull road bridge' is unfolded into a structure and all the large taper pin nodes are fastened, the rod pieces and the units in the road bridge are automatically arranged in order immediately as receiving commands, and the rod pieces and the units in the whole structure are automatically arranged on the X, Y, Z three-dimensional axes to be drawn in order without manual intervention. The overall stability of a 'one-pull road bridge' structure is made possible by other forms of structures heretofore not possible.

The invention aims to provide a bridge with large rigidity equivalent to the existing bridge.

The invention is based on the idea that the traditional structure technology is changed and modified greatly and then returned to the traditional structure technology. At first glance, the picture looks like "new-like-old-real", but the substance is "old-like-new-real".

The forming idea and manufacturing process of 'one-pull road bridge' is different from that of traditional road bridge, and it can be easily extended and folded, so that every unit of the road bridge in the new technology has its own independent chord member, when it is to be extended and formed, one end of one unit H-shaped chord member is overlapped with one end of adjacent unit H-shaped chord member, the chord member of one end is on its cross section, and its vertical central line is used as boundary, one side is removed, reverse side welding plate compensation and reinforcement is also removed in the reverse direction of overlapped end of adjacent unit H-shaped steel, reverse side welding plate compensation and reinforcement is also removedThe length of the culling is equal to

The chord is high, and the length of the repair welding reinforcing plate is equal to

The height of the chord member is doubled, the zero rod at the position is correspondingly removed and compensated to strengthen two adjacent end parts of two units, the two adjacent end parts are removed and processed, the two adjacent end parts are attached to form an H-shaped chord member shape at the lap joint (see figure 9), and a tool and a fixture are used for restraining on a special machine tool, and a positioning pin hole and 3 (or 5) large taper holes with key grooves are bored (milled) on a blank of the thick-wall sleeve 14 and a reinforced welding plate according to a drawing. The center lines of the conical holes 2 on the web member, the zero member and the chord member are superposed, the key-provided large conical pin 15 is inserted and fastened, the key is tapped, the positioning conical pin 45 is inserted, and the form and position tolerance of the whole bridge structure meets the design requirement. The foldable independent chords 1 in each unit are automatically arranged on a horizontal line in a shape like a Chinese character 'yi', the bridge structure has four horizontal lines in a shape like a Chinese character 'yi', each node is connected by 3 (or 5) large taper pins (holes) with keys (figure 6, figure 5 and figure 9), and large-area contact between the H-shaped steel and the web plate of two adjacent unit chords and the welded reinforcing plates is realized. And 3, fastening 3 large taper pins with keys to be inserted into the keys, so that the chords in each unit are not independent any more, and four integrally continuous rigid chords are formed. After all the nodes are processed in this way, the node board 9 is fixed (fig. 5), so that the 'single draw road bridge' is a complete and complete large-rigidity bridge (see fig. 2, 5, 6, 9, 13, 14, 26, 27, 28, 29 and 30).

After the taper pin and the taper sleeve are fastened, no gap exists between the taper pin and the taper sleeve, and great friction force is generated between the pin and the sleeve (even the friction force can exceed the molecular attraction of steel materials) so that the node is instantly changed into a rigid node, the strength is high, and the connection is firm.

The taper pin is not a cylindrical pin, a gap is formed between the cylindrical pin and the pin sleeve, the structure is subjected to alternating load in a working state, the structure moves under stress, and the structure is abraded by movement, wherein firstly, the gap between the cylinder and the pin is larger and larger due to abrasion, so that the structure is distorted and damaged for a long time; and secondly, when the alternating load reaches a certain frequency, the cylindrical pin is repeatedly impacted, fatigue damage can be generated, and the device is dangerous. The taper pin is not so, after the taper pin is fastened, no gap exists between the taper pin and the taper sleeve, no relative motion exists, no abrasion exists, the taper pin, the taper sleeve and the road bridge structure are integrated through the rigid node, and the fatigue is considered and is considered together with the whole structure through disc to be solved.

The invention aims to provide a 'one-draw road bridge' with smaller flexibility than the existing road bridge structure system.

After the bridge is stressed, the deflection is one of the most important technical indexes of the bridge. Allowable deflection value of high-speed railway bridge in China under working state

(L is span), which is a very strict indicator.

In order to be careful, the invention makes a simulation test for simulating a physical structure of 'one-draw road bridge' according to the related national technical specifications, and calculates the theoretical flexibility value [ F ] of the test structure (the allowable flexibility value [ F ] of the test result satisfies [ F ] less than or equal to [ F ]).

The simulation experiment data is: when the load is uniformly distributed, the structure is loaded, and when the excess load is 1.6%, the value of [ F ] is equal to [ F ]. 30.84%; at 33.94% excess load, [ F ] ═ F · 45.92%; structure loading, overload 33.94% and unbalance loading (load all pressing one side of structure central line), [ F ] ═ F · 69.91%

When the test structure is subjected to concentrated load and is overloaded by 31.8 percent (the load is equally divided at 4 points of the whole length of the structure) [ f]＝[F]60.31% by analogy with the above simulation test data, when a road bridge is built and the road bridge is loaded under a rated full load, the conservative estimation of structural deflection may be only insufficient by national regulations

To achieve

(L is span). To this end, the design and manufacturing standards for a single-draw road bridge will begin with a number,manufacturing criteria as described above in connection with the present invention

It is possible to reconsider revisions of the road-bridge technology standards altogether, and if so, the speaking right will be reconstructed in the field and of great commercial interest.

Ninthly, the invention aims to provide a transversely stable road structure (adopting three technical measures) to resist transverse vertical wind load and transverse shaking during train running and centrifugal force load of a train in a curve.

a. In each foldable unit of the structure of the 'one-pull road bridge', the upper part and the lower part of each foldable unit are respectively provided with a pair of chord members which are arranged in a rectangular shape on a plane, a pair of cross brace rods 11 are fixedly arranged on diagonal positions of the chord members, and 2Q pairs of cross brace rods are arranged above and below Q units of the road bridge structure. To increase the planar transverse stiffness of the road-bridge structure. See fig. 2. The structure of the 'one-pull road bridge' is stretched and drawn to form fastening nodes, after the node plates are fixedly installed, the upper layer bridge deck and the lower layer bridge deck of the road bridge are respectively and fixedly installed with the upper chord member and the lower chord member (or the transverse supporting beams), and then the fastening nodes are combined with the cross supporting rods 11, so that the plane transverse stability of the one-pull road bridge is improved. (see FIG. 8).

b. The head and the tail of each unit in the structure are respectively provided with 4 zero bars, every two of the zero bars are opposite to each other to form two pairs, the two pairs of zero bars are connected into a 'zero bar truss' (riveted or bolted) 8 (see the figure 7 and the figure 3), the inner side of each 'zero bar truss' is fixedly provided with a horizontal bar, and the horizontal truss 20 is formed by a continuous I-shaped steel beam (square tube steel) 7 above the 'zero bar truss', and the horizontal truss has the following functions: firstly, supporting the continuous beam of the upper deck together with the transverse supporting beams 40 (figure 23) on the same horizontal plane, increasing the strength and rigidity of the upper deck and reducing the deflection; and secondly, the space transverse stability of the road bridge structure is increased (see fig. 2, 7 and 27).

c. An upward brace 21 is respectively installed on the outer side below each pair of zero-bar trusses and is fixedly connected with the widened eave structure 10 of the upper deck of the road bridge by using a node to form an outward-extended triangular truss structure so as to support the load of the widened part of the upper deck and greatly increase the spatial lateral stability of the road bridge structure (see fig. 2, 7 and 28).

It is an object of the present invention to provide a junction box that accommodates a pull-bridge configuration. See fig. 24.

a. The junction box is a standard component manufactured under the constraint of a tool, and the wall thickness of the box is larger than that of a structural web member, a zero bar and a cross brace.

b. The node boxes of the web members consist of three parts, namely, the node boxes at the two end parts of the web members and the node boxes at the middle part of the web members are connected in series by the web members; the zero bar is only provided with junction boxes at two ends. The method and features of manufacture will be described with reference to the web member medial junction box (see fig. 24, top).

c. Three

inner steel plates

42, 43 and 44 with the same thickness as the box wall and regular size are respectively arranged on two sides of the inner wall of the box, a rectangular hole is formed in the geometric center of the plane of each inner steel plate, the size of the hole is tightly attached to the outline size of a web member (zero bar), then the web member (zero bar) is inserted into the hole and is firmly welded with the

inner steel plates

43 and 44 under the constraint of a tool, the axis of the web member (zero bar) is required to be vertical to the plane of the inner steel plates during welding, and the inner steel plates 42 are firstly sleeved on the web members (zero bars) for standby. Drilling a hole E in the center of the junction box, welding inner steel plates 44 inserted from two ends of the junction box with the inner wall of the junction box by means of a free space of the hole E in the junction box before fixedly embedding (welding) the thick-wall sleeve 14 in the hole E, welding the inner steel plates 43 with the inner wall of the junction box from the other side of the hole E, welding the thick-wall sleeve 14 and the junction box into a whole at the hole E, and finally welding the inner steel plates 42 which are sleeved on the web members (zero bars) in advance with the junction box and the web members (zero bars). It should be noted that the sizes of the three internal steel plates and the web members (zero bars) are matched tightly, and the welding process of the three internal steel plates and the inner walls of the node boxes is preferably interrupted welding to ensure the welding precision. (see FIG. 24).

d. The outer sides of node boxes at two end parts of a web member (a zero member) are respectively provided with an inner steel plate 47 with a thickened block, one side of a neutral position and the opposite side of the neutral position are reserved by virtue of a hole E of the node box, the two sides of the neutral position are firmly welded with the inner wall of the node box, a positioning taper hole 46 is processed on the inner steel plate 47, and the positioning taper hole on the web member, the web member and the zero member is integrally processed, a taper positioning taper pin 45 is inserted, the integral positioning during the processing of a bridge structure is realized, and the form and position tolerance during the integral processing of the structure is kept to reach the standard. (see FIG. 6, FIG. 24, bottom)

e. Clamping the standard node boards formed by die rolling on corresponding nodes by using a clamp, and processing a plurality of rivet holes 48 on the standard node boards according to a design drawing for riveting the node boards in the future; a plurality of holes 49 which can be filled with foam plastics and can be blown inwards with filtered waste mineral oil mist are processed on the web member (zero bar), and when the cavity is filled with the foam plastics and is full of oil mist drops, the small holes are covered tightly by a sealing cover. The cavity of the web member (zero bar) is filled with oil mist, so that the black metal can be prevented from being oxidized from the inside, and the foamed plastic absorbs the vibration of the traveling crane, attenuates the noise and is a rock-bird.

The junction box can improve the tensile and compressive strength of the web member (zero rod) and the rigidity of the junction box in the working state of the road bridge.

The invention aims to provide an easily developed mountain road and bridge system which is safe, environment-friendly, convenient and economical. See fig. 15, 29.

The developed mountain traffic in the ancient and modern countries is to repair mountain roads (with high cost), almost cannot go straight, from bottom to top, from top to bottom, dig a large number of mountains and holes, occupy land all the way, detach all the way, explode all the way, and earth and stone engineering destroys the angle of repose of mountains, frequently collapses and slides slopes in mud and stone flows, and destroys the natural environment. The tunnel is opened, the capillary water vessels of the mountain are broken, and the mountain is a bald mountain from the green mountain, such as the Jingsubo Temple.

The invention has the advantages of less mountains, less occupied land, less detachment, less green damage, less curve and more straight lines, adopts the technology of 'one-pull road bridge', selects a proper horizontal height between mountains, mountains and waters, and villages, and makes the bridge become a bridge once for all and once again, and the sky graben becomes a way.

The invention aims to provide an energy-saving, environment-friendly and convenient intercity railway system (see figure 30).

With the progress of urbanization, big and small towns in China are counted in thousands, and over 200 countries in the world, only developed countries are counted in about ten thousands of towns. There are many express highways connected between cities and towns to run cars. Firstly, road construction (maintenance) is not expensive, and secondly, automobiles consume huge amount of fossil fuels (petroleum is liquid gold, and the composition of the petroleum almost contains all 106 elements on the Mendeleev's periodic table, and the petroleum is a very good chemical raw material, has limited resources, and is huge waste when being burnt out). And causes serious environmental pollution. The solution is to construct an energy-saving, environment-friendly and convenient inter-city railway system in cities and towns (see figure 30). If so, the transportation of each town is changed into public transportation.

The 'one-pull road bridge' and the manufacture and construction thereof are the first choice of intercity traffic, and the invention has all technical advantages, if the 'one-pull road bridge' is stretched to form a row structure, an upper layer, a lower layer, eight rails and four bullet train channels can be formed, four bullet train lines respectively go back and forth, and different speed per hour can be designed. Therefore, the device is convenient for people to have different travel needs, and reduces the abrasion of lines, tracks and vehicles (due to high speed, the abrasion is in direct proportion to the square of the speed), thereby being beneficial to maintenance and saving the operating cost. The adoption of the new technology is a good matter for benefiting the world, the country and the people.

The invention aims to provide a pull-out road bridge capable of bearing heavy load. See fig. 26.

The assembly of the heavy-load one-pull road bridge is that three plane one-pull structures (see fig. 1 and d) are used as a group of continuous extension and extension, (wherein, a diagonal support 11 between a lower deck 5 and a lower chord, a horizontal rod fixedly connected with a unit transverse connecting rod 40 (which is a construction load) and a zero rod at a proper position on the inner side, see fig. 7, is fixedly arranged on the horizontal rod), and then the horizontal rod and the diagonal support are extended together to form a space one-pull road bridge structure which is used as a first group, and are placed on piers to form I, II two channels; and (3) as above, the same row structure is stretched to form a second group, the second group is placed on the pier to form two channels of IV and V, and the two groups are separated into a channel III. And all the positioning pins 45 are inserted to fasten the large taper pins 15 with keys in the two groups of structures, and the keys are tapped (see fig. 6 and 26) so as to carry out subsequent construction.

The third channel at the lower layer of the road and bridge structure is a pedestrian and motor vehicle lane, and the other four channels respectively run a motor vehicle; the upper layer is a full-moving vehicle or a highway with 6-8 bidirectional lanes.

In the structure of the one-pull road bridge, the two-row plane one-pull structure is added, so that the overall strength and rigidity of the road bridge structure are greatly increased to meet the requirement of heavy load. The scheme is simple and feasible, and according to the idea, according to the actual needs of engineering, the heavy load 'one-pull road bridge' can be formed by combining a plurality of one-pull plane structures in a row.

The invention aims to provide a municipal sightseeing overpass convenient to construct. (see FIG. 20)

The construction of the overpass foundation is local to a pedestrian sidewalk or a central isolation zone of a road, and the traffic flow is basically not influenced. The pier is a modified structure of a pull road bridge, is manufactured in a factory and is timely transported to the site, is pulled into a pier by a crane, is inserted with a positioning pin to fasten a large taper pin with a key, is fixed on a hardened bridge foundation after a key is tapped, a node plate is fixed and a reinforcing measure is taken, and then is provided with a stair with a manufactured standard part. The construction does not affect the traffic.

The street-crossing bridge structure and the bridge deck are manufactured in factories and are timely transported to a site, the bridge structure is pulled into an upper layer bridge structure and a lower layer bridge structure, a plurality of positioning pins are erected on piers, a plurality of large taper pins with keys are fastened and are tapped into the keys to form a rigid structure, standard node plates are fixedly installed, standard upper and lower bridge decks and side safety guardrails are paved, paint is supplemented, and lighting facilities are installed, so that the traffic can be realized.

Most of the whole construction procedures of the municipal sightseeing overpass are finished in factories. After the foundation engineering of the bridge pier is finished, according to the Chinese speed, the bridge structure, the standard part bridge floor and the node plates are fixedly installed and constructed, and one bridge can fly to the frame about one day or one night (8 hours).

The invention aims to provide a 'one-pull road bridge' which has high cost performance compared with the traditional road bridge technology.

The construction cost is 1.25 hundred million/km RMB, and the cost performance is 1: 1.25-0.8 (1.8 million/km, 1: 1.8-0.56 in Jinlaung professor of China university); the EU is RMB 1.89 hundred million/km, and the cost performance is 1: 1.89 to 0.53; the American RMB is 3.2 hundred million/km, and the cost performance is 1: 3.2-0.31.

According to the reasonable calculation of the price of the steel product market searched by an author in 2017, 6 months and 18 days, the upper and lower layers can be built by adopting the Yilade road bridge and adopting 2.00 million RMB (namely, 0.75 million is increased by about 60%) if the technology invests RMB, as shown in the figure 2 and the figure 28, 2 bidirectional 4-rail 2-motor train high-speed rail lines, 1 bidirectional 6-lane expressway and 1 pedestrian road share 4 channels, and the average manufacturing cost is 0.50 million/KM. The cost performance is

The cost performance of the 'Yilade road bridge' is the current domestic high-speed rail construction technology

The investment is saved by 60% on average compared with the investment of building high-speed railways in China, namely, the new technology is adopted to build 1 kilometre high-speed rails, the investment is 7500 hundred million less than that of the traditional technology, and the investment is reduced by 1150 hundred million compared with that of the traditional technology.

To do this, the author makes a rough sketch: as shown in fig. 2, the steel consumption of a double-layer four-channel one-draw road bridge of high-speed rail, highway and the like is about 9700 tons per kilometer, the material cost (16Mnq) is 4000 yuan/ton, 3880 yuan is needed, the double-layer four-channel one-draw road bridge is manufactured into a finished product of the one-draw road bridge in a factory (tooling cost, fixture cost, special tool cost, part and accessory cost, manufacturing cost, unpredictable cost and the like), and the continuous working belt material is calculated according to (tooling: material is 1: 1), requires 7760 yuan totally, and accounts for about 38.8% of the total investment.

If the span of the bridge piers is 25 meters, 50 bridge piers are arranged on a line of 1 kilometer, the dead load of each bridge pier is 194 tons/pier, the civil engineering cost (land acquisition, removal, compensation, seedling cost, design cost, supervision cost, building material cost, construction cost, unpredictable cost and the like) is 20000 + 7760 to 12240 ten thousand yuan, the construction cost is 244.8 ten thousand yuan/pier, and the civil engineering cost accounts for the whole investment in the construction of the whole road bridge engineering

The ratio of the two is 38.8: 61.2, which is basically reasonable.

In the same way, after the technology of 'Yilade road bridge' is adopted by European and American countries, the cost performance is respectively improved by about 2.6 times and 2.5 times compared with the prior art, and the method has great economic benefit.

The invention aims to provide a road bridge which can be widely applied.

Just as many experts say, the structure of the 'one-way-draw road bridge' is ingenious, scientific and reasonable. The novel road bridge breaks through the technical idea of the traditional road bridge, is subversive and breaks through the traditional technology, and is simpler, quicker, more economical and safer.

The 'one-pull road bridge' can be applied to high-speed railways, heavy haul railways (figure 26), hyperloop super high-speed railways (figure 19), intercity railways (figure 30), expressways (figure 10 and figure 19), magnetic levitation railways, mountain road bridges (figure 15 and figure 29), emergency crossing trestles, suspension bridges crossing between mountains and rivers and lakes (figure 13 and figure 14), city overpasses (figure 20), and all-track and non-track traffic.

The invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the 'one-pull road bridge' is characterized in that: the pier is of two reinforced concrete structures (shown in fig. 2 and 22), or is a structure modified from a structure of a 'one-pull road bridge', the one-pull pillar is used vertically as the pier, and the bottom of the pier is fixedly arranged on a bearing platform 31 (shown in fig. 16).

The 'one-pull road bridge' is characterized in that: the bridge is a 'one-pull road bridge' structure, an upper chord member and a lower chord member of the bridge are large-size H-shaped steel, web members and zero rods of the bridge are square steel pipes (or channel steel), a joint box at the joint of the chord members, the web members and the zero rods is positioned by a positioning pin 45, a key is fastened and tapped by a large taper pin 15 with a key, and a standard joint plate is fixedly installed, so that the integral large-rigidity connection of the 'one-pull road bridge' can be realized. See fig. 6.

The 'Yilade road bridge' is characterized in that: the chord member, the web member and the zero member on the bridge are machined into standard parts, the two ends of the H-shaped chord member of each unit are in lap joint with the H-shaped chord members of the adjacent units, one end of each unit is on the cross section of each unit, the vertical central line is used as a boundary, one side of each unit is removed, the compensation of the welding plates on the reverse side is enhanced, the end parts of the adjacent units are removed on the other side of each unit, the compensation of the welding plates on the reverse side is enhanced, the removal length is equal to the compensation of the welding plates on the reverse side, and the removal length is equal to the length of each unit

The chord is high and the length of the stiffening plate is equal to

The height of the double chord is high, the part of the part is correspondingly removed and strengthened, then on a special numerical control machine tool, a positioning taper hole and a large taper hole with a key slot are restrained and bored (milled) by a tool and a fixture, a draw road bridge is spread and drawn to form, the two ends of the two lapped chords are jointed on the two sides of a vertical center line on the cross section of the lapping part, the taper holes on the chords are superposed with the center lines of the taper holes on the crossed web members and the part node boxes, and the positioning taper pins and the large taper pins with the inserted keys are fixedly connected to form rigid connection, as shown in figures 5 and 6.

The 'Yilade road bridge' is characterized in that: the lower deck is formed by fixedly connecting a plurality of box structures with equal strength with lower chords, when the 'one-draw road bridge' is formed by stretching, the lower deck is already formed, a plurality of reinforcing plates 22 and 23 which are vertically and horizontally crossed and vertically arranged are welded in each box structure to ensure that the strength and the rigidity of the deck are enough, and meanwhile, the lower deck is combined with diagonal support rods 11 between the lower chords to increase the plane transverse rigidity of the whole road bridge, as shown in figures 2 and 8. The horizontal truss 20 and the triangular truss 21 which are combined with the zero-bar truss jointly increase the transverse rigidity of the road and bridge structure space. After all the nodes of the road and bridge structure are fastened, the standard node plates are fixedly installed, and then the subsequent construction can be carried out on the lower deck, for example, the transverse supporting beam of the upper deck and the upper continuous beam deck 6 are laid, the diagonal supporting rods between the upper chords are fixedly installed, the steel rails are laid on the deck for motor cars, the cement and the asphalt are laid for motor vehicles and sidewalks, and the deck is provided with lighting, communication and safety protection facilities.

The 'Yilade road bridge' can be stretched in the length direction at one time to form 1-M rows of channels, and can be stretched out to form 2-M layers of bridge decks (M is a natural number) in the vertical direction. This is one of the most prominent advantages of the present invention over the conventional road and bridge technology: if M rows of channels are unfolded or M layers of bridge floors are unfolded, then M bridges can be built less nearby the place in the future, traffic jam is solved in advance, sustainable development is focused, and the phenomenon that bridges are built again in land and are repeatedly invested in bridge building funds in the future is avoided.

The invention has the advantages and positive effects that:

the advantages are that:

firstly, the 'Yila road bridge and the manufacture and construction thereof' is a cross of two basic subjects of 'civil engineering' and 'mechanical engineering'. The products of edge breakthrough, in the domestic and foreign literature, beyond the new technology of "one-pull" proposed by the present invention, there is never a description of one-pull structure, one-pull road and one-pull bridge. It is not seen that the bridge structure is manufactured by a machining method and the road and bridge are constructed quickly and economically with good and simple construction procedures. The invention relates to the hybridization of 'structure' and 'mechanism', which is a basic research and is a supplement to the mechanics theory of the structure. It is also an application research, and a series of advantages are a subversive breakthrough of the traditional road bridge technology. It is easy to design, design the procedure with the existing structure; the manufacturing precision is high; the total assembly stress is small; accessible without obstacles in various environments; the construction is safe, accurate and quick; repairing the damage as new; the high-rigidity low-deflection steel plate has the advantages of large rigidity, small deflection, self-stability of the structure during construction, energy conservation, environmental protection, short construction period, long service life, high cost performance, safety and stability. It has many advantages, such as that the structure is called by dozens of experts in the fields of science and technology and engineering, and has comprehensive advantages, the application range is very wide, and reports are not found at home and abroad. Not seen so far. Through the research of years, the author of the invention has substantial improvement on a plurality of technical links, so that the 'Yilade road bridge' is safer, more reasonable and better to use.

Secondly, the method has completely independent intellectual property rights, has an independent technical system and technical standards, and is simple and easy to popularize.

And thirdly, the road and bridge are manufactured by using the tooling and machining, and serialization, standardization, universalization and intellectualization can be realized. Good quality, low cost, high efficiency and large-scale production.

And the cost performance is higher than that of the traditional technology. It is suitable for the construction of all large, medium, small, light and heavy roads and bridges, and the construction of all railways and non-railways. Such as an expressway, a heavy haul railway, a Hyperloop super high-speed rail, an expressway, a magnetic levitation railway, an intercity railway, a mountain road bridge, a rescue trestle, an urban overpass, a suspension bridge crossing between mountains and a river lake.

The positive effects are as follows:

firstly, as the 'Yilade road bridge and manufacturing and construction' is technically advanced and economically reasonable, the method has wide domestic and foreign markets, and brings a new road bridge manufacturing industry, a new road bridge construction industry and upstream and downstream enterprises which are not weak for a long time after popularization and application, thereby promoting economic development.

Secondly, the 'Yila road bridge and manufacturing and construction' is used for the traffic development of mountain areas, a new way is developed, the high-grade roads of the mountain areas are built by technical progress and relatively little resource investment, the problem of 'three farmers' puzzling the past generations is solved, the roads are smooth, mountain people are rich, and the people are worthy of the frontier.

The landform difference of all countries in the world is great, and the technical and economic advantages of the 'one-pull road bridge and the manufacture and construction' are highlighted.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the "Yilade road bridge

1. Chord member, 2, big taper pin hole of taking the keyway, 3, web member, 4, zero-bar.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the Yilade road bridge (front view, bottom view, and cross-sectional view)

1. The bridge comprises chords, 3 parts of web members, 4 parts of zero bars, 5 parts of lower bridge deck of beams with equal strength, 6 parts of transverse supporting beams of upper bridge deck, 7 parts of continuous beam bridge deck, 8 parts of zero bar trusses, 9 parts of standard node plates, 10 parts of upper bridge deck widening overhanging eaves, 11 parts of diagonal supporting rods between the upper chord member and the lower chord member, 12 parts of eight tracks (four-way vehicle), 20 parts of horizontal trusses, 21 parts of triangular trusses, 38 parts of reinforced concrete piers.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a zero bar truss

3. Web member, 4, zero rod, 15, big taper pin with key.

FIG. 4 schematic view of a web node box

2. Big taper pin hole with keyway, 3, web member, 9, gusset plate.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the multi-bar fastening to the node plate at the node

1. Chord member, 2, big taper pin hole of taking keyway, 3, web member, 4, zero-bar, 9, gusset plate, 13, zero-bar knot box, 14, thick wall taper sleeve, 45, toper locating pin.

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the connection of chord member, web member and zero member and the embedding of the large taper pin with key at the junction box

1. Chord member, 2, big taper pin hole with key slot, 3, web member, 4, zero member, 13, zero member junction box, 14, thick wall sleeve, 15, big taper pin with key, 16, fastening washer, 17, fastening nut, 18, stiffening plate of repair welding after chord member is removed, 19, stiffening plate of repair welding after zero member (removed), 8, zero member truss, 45, conical positioning pin, 46, conical positioning pin hole.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a triangular support truss formed by an I-shaped steel beam (square steel pipe) and a zero-bar truss on an upper deck of a Yilade road bridge, and an overhanging eave and a zero-bar truss support rod 21 on the upper deck

1. The steel truss structure comprises chords, 5 parts of lower deck, 6 parts of upper deck transverse supporting beams, upper laid continuous beam decks, 7 parts of continuous I-shaped steel beams (square tube steel), 8 parts of zero-bar trusses, 12 parts of eight steel rails (four-rail trains), 20 parts of horizontal trusses, 21 parts of supporting rods and triangular trusses.

FIG. 8 schematic view of a lower deck

22. Axial reinforcing plate 23, transverse reinforcing plate 1, chord member 5, lower bridge floor of box beam with equal strength 11, diagonal support bar of chord member 50, bonding 51, stop iron box 52, node box 53 and end iron of node box

。

FIG. 9 shows that on the cross section of the overlapping part of the two adjacent unit chord members, the vertical center line is taken as a boundary, one side is removed, the reinforcing plate is welded on the other side, and the end part of the other unit is reversely processed and then is attached to the two sides of the vertical center line; after the zero rod is correspondingly eliminated and compensated and reinforced, the zero rod is fixedly connected with the zero rod, and 3 (or 5) taper holes are fixedly connected with the large taper pin with the key at each unit joint.

1. Chord member, 2, big taper pin hole with keyway, 18, reinforcing plate of reverse side repair welding.

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a bridge erecting machine for constructing a "Yilade road bridge

20. The horizontal truss 24, the folding state of the 'one-pull road bridge', 25, the bridge erecting machine unfolding and pulling the 'one-pull road bridge', 26, and two rows of 'one-pull road bridge' structures are unfolded and pulled out on a pier, so that three channels 27 are formed, two layers of eight-rail four-motor vehicles are formed, an upper-layer high-speed road and a lower-layer pedestrian passageway are formed, and the total number of the four traffic wire nets 40 and the unit transverse connecting rod between the two upper chord rods of the 'one-pull road bridge'.

FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a crane for constructing a "Yilade road bridge

20. Horizontal truss, 28, stable structure of the connected double-unit structure, 40, a "one-draw road bridge" two upper chords between the unit transverse connecting rod.

FIG. 12 schematic of a catenary crane

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a suspension cable crane for constructing a large-span 'one-dragline bridge' and a parallel-chord stay cable suspension bridge

FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of a suspension cable crane for constructing a large-span 'one-pull road bridge' and a stay cable suspension bridge

FIG. 15 is a schematic view of a mountain road bridge- -a modified road bridge "with a structure form of a bridge or a modified bridge pier, which can greatly reduce the number of mountain roads.

29. The modified 'Yilade road bridge' structure is used vertically as a pier.

Fig. 16, a plane structure of the 'one-draw road bridge' (see fig. 1) is composed of two, three, four, five and six pieces, three faces … … of six-face column structures can be formed by inserting chord members, and a three-dimensional pier structure is assembled.

30. The post comprises a pier 31, a cushion cap 32, space diagonal support rods 33, plane diagonal support rods 34, a tetrahedron of the 'one-draw road bridge' as a stand column, and chords, which are used for modifying the 'one-draw road bridge' stand column and are fastened after being inserted and connected.

FIG. 17A schematic view of "Yilade road bridge" for easy storage and transportation

FIG. 18 is a schematic view of easy replacement and maintenance of "Yilade road bridge

The hyper super high-speed rail sealing pipeline in the figure 19 is fixedly embedded in the 'one-pull road bridge', so that the hyper super high-speed rail sealing pipeline is firmer and safer, is connected with an expressway, and has no obstruction in traffic.

35. The Hyperloop pipeline is fixedly embedded with a 'one-lade road bridge', 36, an upper high-speed road, 37, a lower pedestrian and rescue channel

FIG. 20, Yilade road bridge, is used for urban sightseeing overpass.

FIG. 21 is a current generation Tokyo overpass.

FIG. 22 is a schematic view of reinforced concrete bridge piers suitable for use in the "Yilade road bridge" across the sea.

38. The reinforced concrete bridge pier 39, the embedded parts in the reinforced concrete are fixedly connected with the

support rods

21, 6, the upper layer bridge floor transverse supporting beam is paved on the upper layer bridge floor transverse supporting beam

FIG. 23 is a schematic view of a transverse supporting beam of an upper deck and a transverse connecting rod of a unit between two upper chords of a single-pull road bridge.

7. The continuous I-shaped steel beams (square steel pipes) form a horizontal truss, 6, an upper deck transverse supporting beam, an upper laying continuous beam deck, 40, a unit transverse connecting rod (which is a construction load for temporary installation) between two upper chords, 41 and a pin.

FIG. 24 is a schematic view of node boxes at two ends and a middle portion of a web member (upper view)

Structure sketch of knot box at two ends of zero bar (lower picture)

2. The steel plate in the junction box is 42, 43, 44, 46, a conical positioning hole, 47, a thickened steel plate in the junction box, 48, a rivet hole, 49 and an injection molding (oil) hole.

FIG. 25 is a transverse section through the connection of the chords, web members and section bars in the "one-draw road bridge".

1. The bridge comprises chords, 2, taper holes with keyways, 3, web members, 4, zero rods, 5, a lower bridge deck with a box structure, 6, a transverse support beam of an upper bridge deck, 8, a zero-rod truss, 14, a thick-wall sleeve, 21 and a triangular truss, wherein the upper bridge deck is provided with continuous beams.

FIG. 26 is a schematic view of a structure of "Yilade road bridge".

FIG. 27 shows the upper and lower deck 16 rails 8, the motor vehicle lane 2, and the sidewalk 1.

FIG. 28 shows 4 lanes of 8-rail 4 motor vehicles on the lower deck, 1 pedestrian lane and motor vehicle lane, and 1 highway on the 6 lanes on the upper deck.

FIG. 29 is a schematic view of a mountain road bridge.

FIG. 30 is a schematic view of an energy-saving, environment-friendly, convenient inter-city railway system.

FIG. 31 shows the measurement of the corresponding values of the rectangular diagonal of the side surface of the standard cell body by an instrument before the special machine tool is used for processing. Schematic representation.

In the figure, 1, chords, 2, large taper pin holes with keyways, 3, web members, 4, zero rods, 5, a lower bridge deck with an equal-strength box structure, 6, an upper bridge deck transverse supporting beam, an upper bridge deck with continuous beams, 7, continuous I-beams (square steel pipes), 8, zero rod trusses, 9, standard node plates, 10, an upper bridge deck widening overhanging eave, 11, diagonal supports among the chords, 12, eight rails (four-rail vehicle), 13 and zeroA pole node box, 14, a thick-wall cone sleeve, 15, a big cone pin with keys, 16, a fastening washer, 17, a fastening nut, 18, a reinforcing plate of chord member repair welding, 19, a reinforcing plate of zero member repair welding, 20, a horizontal truss, 21, a supporting rod and a triangular truss, 22, an axial reinforcing plate (equal strength), 23, a transverse reinforcing plate, 24, a schematic diagram of a folded state of a 'one-draw road bridge', 25, a schematic diagram of a 'one-draw road bridge' of a bridge erecting machine, 26, a 'one-draw road bridge' structure of two rows of spaces stretched out on a bridge pier to form a schematic diagram of three rows of channels, 27, two layers of eight-rail four-motor vehicles, an upper layer high-speed road, a schematic diagram of a lower layer pedestrian and rescue channel, 28, a schematic diagram of a structurally stable conjoined double-unit structure, 29, a modified 'one-draw road bridge' structure is vertically used as a stand column, and 30, a modified 'one-draw road bridge' is used as a stand column for a bridge pier, 31. bearing platform, 32, space diagonal support rods, 33, plane diagonal support rods, 34, chords, plug connectors, 35 and Hyperloop sealed pipelines are fixedly connected in a 'one-draw road bridge', one-bridge three-purpose, 36, upper high-speed highway, 37, lower pedestrian and rescue channel, 38, reinforced concrete bridge pier, 39, embedded parts in reinforced concrete are fixedly connected with the

support rods

21, 40, transverse connecting rods (construction load) of units among the upper chords, 41, pins, 42, steel plates in node boxes, 43, steel plates in the node boxes, 44, steel plates in the node boxes, 45, conical positioning pins, 46, conical positioning pin holes, 47, thickened steel plates in the node boxes, 48, rivet holes, 49, small injection molding holes, 50, bonding, 51, locking iron boxes, 52, node boxes, 53, iron-clad outer clad plates

And 54, fixing bolts for the lower bridge deck.

Examples of which are given below with reference to the accompanying drawings

Example 1

A kind of "a draw the road bridge" can draw and shape instantly, it includes pier 38 (figure 2) and bridge, pier supporting bridge, the bridge is fixed and connected into the rigid structure by the chord member 1, web member 3, zero rod 4 taper locating pin 45 and key big taper pin 15, then fixed and installed the standard gusset, the upper and lower bridge floor is fixedly connected with upper and lower chord members separately (figure 2), chord member 1 and zero rod 4 can be welded into a rigid structure or separated body and then fixed and connected into an organic whole (see figure 1.a)

The chord member 1 of the one-pull road bridge is H-shaped steel (or other), when the bridge span is 25m and two rows of the one-pull road bridge are pulled out to form three channels, the size is 320x305x16.9x29.0x27mm, the web member 3 is square steel pipe (or channel steel) 220x140x10mm, the zero bar 4 is square steel pipe (or channel steel) 140x140x8mm, the chord member 1, the web member 3 and the zero bar 4 are regular standard parts, holes are drilled at the intersection of the bars, conical sleeves 14 with key grooves on thick walls are fixedly embedded in the holes, and the conical sleeves are fixedly connected through large conical pin shafts 15 with keys (figure 6).

The end parts of H-shaped steel (or other) chords of two adjacent units in the 'one-pull road bridge' are at the lap joint, and are bounded by the vertical central line of the cross section of the H-shaped steel (or other) chords, one side of the H-shaped steel is removed, the opposite side of the H-shaped steel is welded with plates for compensation and reinforcement, and the removed length is equal to that of the H-shaped steel (or other) chords

The chord is high, and the length of the compensation welding plate is

The height of the chord is doubled; the end parts of the chords of the adjacent units are removed at the other side and compensated and reinforced at the opposite side, and the chords are attached to the two sides of the vertical center line at the end parts of the two-phase lap joint. After the zero bars are correspondingly eliminated and compensated and reinforced, positioning taper pin holes and 3-5 large taper holes with key grooves are bored (milled) on a thick-wall sleeve 14 and a reinforced web plate on a special numerical control machine tool under the constraint of a tool and a fixture, when a pulled road bridge is stretched and formed, chord rods of two adjacent units are attached and lapped to form an H-shaped chord rod shape, the H-shaped chord rod shape is superposed with the central lines of the taper holes on the intersected web rods and the zero bar junction box at the position, positioning taper pins are inserted, 3 (or 5) large taper pins with keys are inserted, the H-shaped chord rod shape is fastened to form rigid connection (figures 5, 6 and 9), and then the standard junction plates are fixedly installed.

The lower deck 5 (figure 8) is formed by fixedly connecting a plurality of box-shaped structures with equal strength with the chord members I. A plurality of reinforcing plates 22 and 23 which are criss-cross and vertically arranged are welded in the box-shaped structure to enhance the strength and the rigidity, the lower bridge surface is equally spaced, and stop iron boxes 51 are arranged at the intervals.

In the length direction of the 'one-pull road bridge', the upper part and the lower part of each unit are respectively provided with two chords (similar to rectangles) which are arranged in parallel on the horizontal water surface, and cross support rods 11 (shown in figure 2 and figure 8) are fixedly arranged on diagonal lines of the chords so as to increase the plane transverse rigidity of a road bridge structure; the horizontal truss 20 and the triangular truss 21 (figure 7) combined with the zero-bar truss jointly increase the spatial transverse rigidity of the road and bridge structure.

In this embodiment 1, two sets of space-one-pull road-bridge structures are pulled out in the length direction of the one-pull road-bridge to form three channels, and the longitudinal road surface is 2 layers (fig. 2 and 10). The steel rail is laid on the bridge surface for rail traffic, and cement or asphalt can be laid for motor vehicles and pedestrian and rescue channels. The road surface is provided with lighting facilities and communication and safety protection facilities.

Detailed description of the embodiment

All the rod pieces and parts of the ' one-pull road bridge ', all the welded parts are subjected to low-temperature annealing ' treatment after welding, then are processed and formed according to a standard machine under the constraint of a ' tool ', and are assembled into a unit structure or an integral structure, and the ' one-pull road bridge ' is folded and stored integrally or is disassembled into units or single rod pieces according to the actual requirements of storage, transportation and construction, so that the whole course of barrier-free transportation is realized to a construction site. The box structure of lower floor's bridge floor can link firmly on the lower chord member in the manufacture factory, also can link firmly again after transporting to the building site. After reaching the construction site, the bridge girder erection machine can be used for integral installation, or a crane or a suspension crane can be used for split installation of a construction unit by using (structurally stable) connected double (or N) units, the split units are connected, only 4 positioning pins and 12 standard large taper pins with keys are inserted and fastened on nodes, the standard node plate 9 is fixedly installed, then the upper chord member and the lower chord member of the 'one-draw road bridge' are fixedly connected by using diagonal supporting rods 11, the standard upper layer bridge deck 6 (shown in figures 2 and 23) is fixedly installed on the upper chord member (transverse supporting beam) by using the bridge girder erection machine or the crane, two opposite zero rods in each unit are assembled into a 'zero rod truss' 8, on the same cross section in each unit, a horizontal rod is installed on the inner sides of the two 'zero rod trusses' at a proper position, and the horizontal rod forms a horizontal truss 20 (shown in figures 2, a square steel pipe) with an I-shaped steel beam (square steel pipe) 7 above the horizontal rod truss, Fig. 7); an upward stay bar 21 is arranged below the outer side of the zero-bar truss and fixedly connected with the widened eave structure 10 of the upper deck by using a node to form an outward-spread triangular truss structure (figures 2 and 7).

The technical measures can be implemented on the lower-layer bridge floor initially formed by stretching and forming in a stretching mode in the 'stretched road bridge', and the construction of the trestle is not needed to be erected, so that the 'stretched road bridge' becomes a large-rigidity bridge. The steel rails are laid on the bridge floor for rail traffic, cement and asphalt are laid on the highway, motor vehicles and sidewalks, and illumination, communication and safety protection facilities are installed on the upper and lower bridge floors.

Example 2

A 'one-pull road bridge' is instantaneously formed by stretching, is used for the construction of mountain road bridges in the steep mountains of mountains, can greatly reduce the construction of mountain roads, is safe, saves huge road cost, has more roads with flat roads and straight roads, less climbing, less mountains and less tunnels, is environment-friendly and energy-saving, and is beneficial to the development of mountainous areas (figure 15). The bridge comprises piers (figure 16), a bridge and upper and lower layers of bridge floors, wherein the piers 29 (figure 15) are structurally modified from a 'one-pull road bridge', are used as upright columns to be used vertically, when the bridge is used as the piers, chord members, web members and zero members of the bridge (a space support rod 32 and a horizontal support rod 33 (figure 16)) are added, redesign and manufacture are needed according to stress states, positioning pins and large taper pins with keys are used for inserting and fastening nodes, standard node plates are fixedly installed on the bridge, and the bridge is fixedly installed on the piers which are fixed on a bearing platform 31 by foundation bolts (figure 16).

The modified structure of the 'one-pull road bridge' can also be disassembled into a plane structure, 3 pieces and 4 pieces of … … 6 pieces are folded, transported and supported on site to be unfolded into the plane structure, lifting equipment is used for inserting and installing the supporting platforms 30 and 34 (shown in figure 16) one by one to form a trihedron, a tetrahedron and a hexahedron, the nodes are fastened and fixedly connected with the horizontal and

space supporting rods

32 and 33, and the fixed node plates are fixedly installed to form a stable space pier structure.

When the span of the bridge is 25m, the chord H-shaped steel (or other) is 200x200x9.0x15.0mm (depending on the bridge span), the web member is square steel pipe (or channel steel) 180x100x8.0mm, the zero bar is square steel pipe (or channel steel) 100 x100x100x6.0mm, and they are fixedly embedded with thick-wall conical sleeve pipe 14 (figure 6) with key groove at the joint, and fixedly connected into rigid structure by using conical positioning pin 45 and large conical pin 15 with key, then fixedly mounted with standard gusset.

The two adjacent H-shaped steel (or other) chords of the unit are overlapped at the end parts, the vertical central line of the cross section of the H-shaped steel (or other) chords is used as a boundary at the overlapping part, one side is removed, the reinforcing plate 18 is welded on the reverse side in a repair mode, and the removal length is equal to that of the H-shaped steel (or other) chords of the unit

The chord is high and the length of the compensating plate is

The height of the chord is doubled; the end parts of the chords of the adjacent units are removed and welded with a reinforcing plate 18 on the opposite side, after the zero rods are correspondingly removed and welded and reinforced, positioning taper pin holes and 3 (or 5) large taper holes with key grooves are bored (milled) on the thick-wall sleeve 14 and the reinforced web plate on a special numerical control machine tool under the constraint of a tool and a fixture, when a pulled road bridge is stretched and formed, the end parts of the chords of the two adjacent units are attached and overlapped to form an H-shaped chord shape, and are superposed with the central lines of taper holes on the intersected web members and the zero rod junction boxes, and positioning taper pins and 3 (or 5) large taper pins with keys are inserted and fastened to form rigid connection (figures 5, 6 and 9).

Two chords which are arranged in parallel are respectively arranged at the upper part and the lower part of each unit of the 'one-pull road bridge', and a cross support rod 11 (figure 2) is fixedly arranged on a diagonal line of a horizontal plane of each unit to increase the plane transverse rigidity of the road bridge (figure 2 and figure 8).

A horizontal truss 20 (shown in figures 2 and 7) is fixedly arranged on an opposite zero-bar truss in each unit of the one-pull road bridge, an upward supporting rod is fixedly arranged below the outer side of each opposite zero-bar truss, and is fixedly connected with an upper-layer bridge deck widening overhanging eave structure 10 through a node to form an outstretched triangular truss structure 21 (shown in figures 2 and 7) so as to jointly increase the spatial transverse rigidity of the road bridge structure. And fixedly mounting the lower layer bridge deck 5 of the road bridge on the lower chord and fixedly mounting the upper layer bridge deck on the transverse supporting beam 6 of the upper chord.

The mountain road and bridge of 'one-pull road and bridge' is a group of one-pull road and bridge structure, the upper layer and the lower layer of bridge surface are respectively bidirectional 2 lanes, and are used for making anticorrosion engineering, the cement or asphalt is spread on the road surface and used for motor vehicles, non-motor vehicles and sidewalks, and the road and bridge is equipped with lighting, communication and safety protection facilities.

Detailed description of the embodiment

All the members and welded parts of the 'one-way bridge' are processed into standard parts by a standard machine before secondary processing, and then are processed into a unit structure or an integral structure under the constraint of a 'tool', the 'one-way bridge' structure is folded and stored integrally or is disassembled into units or single members according to the road conditions of mountainous areas so as to be smoothly transported to a construction site, the box-type structure of the lower deck can be installed in a manufacturing plant, or can be transported to a construction site respectively, and then the integrated N-type structural units which are integrated or structurally stable are installed in place for a construction unit and then are subjected to subsequent construction.

The pier can be selected from a modified 'Yilade road bridge' structure, can be used as a vertical column vertically, can be spliced into a polyhedral space structure 30 (figure 16) according to requirements, and is fixed on a bearing platform 31 by a foundation bolt.

After the structure construction is finished, the anticorrosion engineering is carried out.

The method comprises the following four aspects:

a. a plurality of metal zinc strips (blocks) are fixedly embedded on the surface of the road and bridge, and the corrosion of ferrous metal is delayed by virtue of the chemical activity difference of zinc and iron.

b. Because the sizes of road and bridge parts are small (the longest pipe fitting in the case is less than 5.6m), after the road and bridge are made into standard parts, the whole or local chemical phosphating treatment (blackening or bluing) can be carried out before the road and bridge are assembled into the whole road and bridge so as to prevent the materials from being oxidized and rusted, particularly the local phosphating treatment of taper pins, taper sleeves and the like, thereby not only delaying the oxidation of parts in the structure, but also leading the connection to be firmer and more reliable. The method is simple and has excellent effect.

c. The two ends of all the pipe fittings in the one-pull road bridge structure are required to be closed, small holes with covers are reserved, foam plastics and waste mineral oil drops (namely shock absorption and noise elimination and internal corrosion prevention) are filled in the pipes, and finally the covers are sealed.

d. And (5) painting after the whole construction of the road and bridge structure is finished.

The cement or asphalt is spread on the upper and lower layers of the bridge floor to be used as motor vehicles, non-motor vehicles and sidewalks, and illumination, communication and safety protection facilities are installed.

Civil engineering and mechanical engineering have been classical subjects, and a person accumulated abundant theoretical and practical experiences, wherein a single-pull road bridge is a novel structural form derived by hybridizing a truss structure and a secondary mechanism, and the hybridization generates a series of advantages which have the characteristics of structure: the strength, rigidity and stability are enough, and the precision and flexibility of the 'mechanism' are realized. The design method can be designed by using the current universal and special structural design programs, and is safe, quick and economical; it can be manufactured by a single body, and has high precision; the traditional welding and riveting old process for manufacturing the steel structure (road and bridge) for many years is changed, so that the welding deformation and the riveting complexity are avoided, the steel structure is processed and manufactured by a numerical control machine constrained by tooling, and the pioneer of road and bridge manufacturing is created; the whole assembly is realized, and the stress is extremely low; the folding storage and transportation can realize barrier-free access; the quick installation is realized by the new process construction, and the mechanism in a folded state can be instantaneously unfolded and pulled into a bearing structure; the traditional concept of maintaining the rod system structure is broken through, and the maintenance is as new as possible; the 'one-draw road bridge' has the advantages of large rigidity, small deflection, self-stability of structure in construction, energy conservation, environmental protection, high cost performance, short construction period, long service life and suitability for construction of various roads and bridges, a multipurpose and multi-channel road and bridge system can be built in the same place and the same construction, the construction cost is greatly saved, and the construction period is shortened compared with the construction period of the conventional road and bridge technology

Or even more. Through calculation, the cost performance is about 2 times of that of the traditional road bridge technology, and the large-rigidity road bridge can be safely and quickly built.

The application of the once-lade road bridge in national construction foresees a wide market internationally due to its dual advantages in technology and economy.

Claims

1.A pull-able road-bridge able to be built up after being extended is composed of bridge pier, bridge and bridge surface, which is composed of chord (1), web members (3) and zero rods (4), locating pins (45) inserted in the crossed node boxes, thick-wall conic sleeve (2) with key slots, three or five conic pins (15) with keys, nuts (17), and standard node plates for linking them together, and features that each unit structure of bridge has two rigid triangles consisting of a chord rod and a zero rod in the same plane and linked together, and the included angle of each curved rod is 90 deg, the device also comprises a web member, the curved bar and the web member enclose a rigid triangle, a hole P is arranged at the middle point of the web member, a thick-wall sleeve 14 is fixedly embedded in the hole and processed into a big taper hole 2 with a key slot, two acute-angle ends of the rigid triangle are provided with holes, Q, R, the thick-wall sleeve is fixedly embedded in the two holes and processed into a taper hole with a key slot, the axis of the right-angle end point of the curved bar is provided with a hole, the thick-wall sleeve is fixedly embedded in the hole and processed into a taper hole S with a key slot, the two curved bars and the web member of the rigid triangle are respectively positioned on four planes in the structure of the one-draw road bridge, the curved bar of one rigid triangle is positioned on the plane I, the web member is positioned on the plane III, the curved bar of the other rigid triangle is positioned on the plane IV, the web member is positioned on the plane II, the two rigid triangles are hinged at the taper hole at the middle point P of the web member, the bar members in the triangles can rotate around the center P of the web members in respective planes, at the lap joint of two adjacent rigid triangular chords on the same plane, one end of one unit is on the cross section of the other unit, the vertical center line of the unit is used as a boundary, one side of the unit is removed, and the welding plate on the reverse side is reinforced; the overlapping ends of adjacent units are removed from the other side, the welding plates on the opposite sides are reinforced, and the removing length is

The chord is high, and the length of the reinforcing welding plate is

The chord length is doubled, and the connection of each unit graph is as follows: taper holes Q formed on I, III plane in first unit pattern₁、R₁、S₁The central line of the second unit graph and a taper hole Q formed on the plane II and the plane IV by machining₂、R₂、S₂Are respectively aligned with each other (R) during the rotary stretch-draw forming of the structure₁-S₂、R₂-S₁、Q₁-S₃、Q₂-S₄) Inserting a big taper pin and an input key, analogizing the rest rigid triangles to form an integral unit structure, wherein the nodes are in a hinged state when the structure is stretched; after the stretching forming, inserting a positioning taper pin 45, fastening a large taper pin 15 with a key by a nut 17, tapping into the key, fixedly mounting a standard node plate 9, erecting on a pier, wherein the lower bridge floor is an equal-strength box-type structural beam which is arranged in parallel at equal intervals, the upper bridge floor is a continuous beam and is fixedly mounted with a chord, the pier is of a reinforced concrete structure, or is vertically used in a modified 'one-draw road bridge' structure, so that the pier is formed, and the road bridge is subjected to antiseptic treatment.

2. A drawn road bridge according to claim 1, wherein the connection of each unit in the road bridge structure is only four conical positioning pins 45, and 12-14 connection of large conical pins 15 with keys and fastening by nuts 17; the structure of the 'one-pull road bridge' can be in a freely-expanding and contracting state by loosening the taper pin, the pull-off key and the taper positioning pin 45.

3. The invention as claimed in claim 1, wherein all the members, parts and components of the bridge structure are subjected to preliminary working and finish working, the preliminary working includes precise blanking, turning, milling, planing, grinding, welding and drilling, and the welding is subjected to low-temperature annealing treatment; the finish machining is to process the rod piece, the part and the component into a standard piece according to the drawing requirements by using a tool, then fix the standard piece on a special machine tool according to the whole shape of a road and bridge structure by using the tool, drill (hinge) a positioning pin hole, then insert a taper positioning pin 45 for positioning, and bore (mill) a large taper hole 2 with a key slot.

4. The 'one-pull road bridge' according to claim 1, wherein each structural unit chord has four zero rods at its two ends, each two are doubled, when the bridge structure is formed by spreading, each pair of doubled zero rods or each pair of doubled zero rods are assembled into a zero rod truss 8 by riveting or riveting, the upper ends of the zero rod trusses with the same cross section of the structure are fixedly connected by a continuous horizontal i-beam (square steel pipe) 6, a horizontal rod is fixedly installed at a proper position on the inner sides of two opposite zero rod trusses on the same cross section of the bridge structure, a horizontal truss 20 is assembled by riveting or riveting with the continuous i-beam (square steel pipe) above the zero rod truss, a supporting rod which is inclined upwards is fixedly installed at the bottom of the outer sides of the two opposite zero rod trusses, and an overhanging triangular truss 21 is fixedly connected with the overhanging eave of the upper deck of the bridge by using a node.

5. A road bridge according to claim 1, wherein the upper and lower chords of each structural unit of the road bridge are relatively independent, all independent chords are automatically arranged on a straight horizontal line during the stretching and forming of the structure, the upper and lower chords of the whole road bridge structure are arranged in four straight horizontal lines, positioning pins 45 are inserted into positioning pin holes 46, all key large taper pins 15 are fastened by nuts 17, the inserted keys are tapped, and then standard gusset plates 9 are fixedly installed.

6. A drawn road and bridge according to claim 1, wherein the construction of the road and bridge structure is carried out by:

(a) integrally constructing by using a bridge girder erection machine, fixedly installing a lower layer bridge deck 5, a diagonal support rod 11 between lower chords, a unit transverse connecting rod 40 (only construction load) and a horizontal rod at a proper position with a zero rod on a pull-out structure, unfolding and forming a folded state 24 by using the bridge girder erection machine for a pull-out road bridge to form a 25, then placing the folded state on a pier 26, inserting a positioning pin 45, fastening a large taper pin 15 with a key, tapping the key, assembling a zero rod truss, a horizontal truss, a triangular truss and a diagonal support rod between upper chords, fixedly installing a node plate 9, and then performing subsequent construction on the lower layer bridge deck until the operation is finished;

(b) a crane (ship) is used for split construction, a pulled road bridge structure is split into a plurality of connected double (N) units 28 with stable structures (namely, the connected double (N) units comprise a lower layer bridge deck 5, a diagonal support rod 11 between an upper chord and a lower chord, a unit transverse connecting rod 40, a zero-bar truss 8, a horizontal truss 20, a triangular truss 21 and the like which are arranged in place in advance), the connected double (N) units are spliced by the crane (ship), a positioning taper pin 45 is inserted into the connected double (N) units, 12 to 14 standard key-provided large taper pins 15 are inserted into the connected double (N) units and are fastened by nuts 17, a key is tapped, a standard node plate 9 is fixedly arranged, construction can be started from one end of a pier to the other end, the two ends can be started simultaneously, the middle section can be accurately folded, 2 movable hydraulic jacking structures are arranged below the bridge in the crane construction process, one is started and started, alternately moving front and back, and constructing by matching with a crane until the bridge is closed;

(c) the construction method is characterized in that a large-span suspension bridge is constructed by using a suspension cable crane, the construction is that a large-span suspension bridge structure is split into a connected double (N) unit structure 28 with a stable structure, the structure is used as a small construction unit, the construction refers to a crane construction method in principle, but the construction is supported by a hydraulic jacking structure, and the suspension cable of the bridge is used for drawing;

(d) the construction by the three methods can be carried out without erecting a construction trestle.

7. A drop road bridge as claimed in claim 1, wherein the junction box is constructed and formed by:

the wall thickness of the node box is larger than the wall thicknesses of the web members, the zero bars and the diagonal bracing rods which are connected with the node box, and the node box is manufactured under the constraint of a tool;

the web member node boxes comprise three parts, namely two end node boxes and a middle node box, and the three parts are connected in series by the web members; the zero bar is only provided with node boxes at two ends, and the manufacturing method is explained by taking the node box in the middle of the web member as an example:

three inner steel plates 42, 43 and 44 which are as thick as the box wall and have regular sizes are respectively arranged on two sides of the inner wall of the box, a hole is formed in the geometric center of the plane of the inner steel plate, the hole wall is attached to a rod, a web member is inserted into the holes of the inner steel plates 43 and 44, the axis of the web member is welded with the plane of the inner steel plate in a vertical state under the constraint of a tool, the inner steel plate 42 is firstly sleeved on the web member for standby, a hole E is drilled in the center of the junction box, the inner steel plate 44 inserted from two ends of the junction box is firmly welded with the inner wall of the junction box by virtue of the free position of the hole E on the junction box before the thick-wall sleeve 14 is fixedly embedded (welded) in the hole E, the inner steel plate 43 is firmly welded with the inner wall of the junction box from the other side of the hole E, the thick-wall sleeve 14 and the hole E can be welded into a whole, and finally the inner steel plate 42 which is sleeved on the web member in advance is firmly welded with the inner wall of the junction box and the web member;

the outer sides of the node boxes at the two end parts of the web member are respectively provided with a thickened inner steel plate 47, and by means of the side of a free space left by the opening E of the node box and the opposite side, the two sides of the node box are firmly welded with the inner wall of the node box, and a taper hole 46 is processed on the thickened inner steel plate 47;

forming a hole 48 and a hole 49 on the junction box according to the drawing;

the method of making the zero bar junction box is described above.

8. The single-pull road bridge as claimed in claim 1, wherein the three-plane single-pull structure is spread and pulled as a group of continuous row structure, wherein the lower deck 5, the diagonal supports 11 between the lower chords, the unit transverse connecting rods 40 and the horizontal rods fixedly mounted at the proper positions of the zero rods are fixedly mounted thereon, and then are spread and pulled together to form a first group of first pull road bridge space structure, which is placed on the bridge pier to form I, II two channels, and then another group of the same continuous row structure is spread and pulled to form a second group of first pull road bridge space structure, which is placed on the bridge pier to form IV and V two channels, and a third channel is formed between the two groups of space structure road bridges; all the positioning taper pins 45 are inserted, the key-provided big taper pins 15 in the two structures on the bridge are fastened, the key is tapped, and the gusset plate 9 is fixedly installed, so that the subsequent construction can be carried out.

9. A lardered road and bridge as claimed in claim 1, wherein a plurality of lower deck plates 5 of standard box structure of equal strength are mounted in parallel on the lower chords, each lower deck plate having small and equal spaces therebetween, standard thick-walled thrust iron boxes being placed between the small spaces of two adjacent lower deck plates, and the side plates between the two adjacent deck plates and the side faces of the box walls being fixed by bolts.

10. A la-road bridge as claimed in claim 1, which is to be preserved, characterised in that:

a. two ends of all tubular parts in the draw road bridge structure are closed, and small holes are drilled to be sealed after foam plastics and oil drops are filled; the hole opening is provided with a sealing cover;

b. after all parts and components in the structure are manufactured into standard components, the surfaces of the components and the components can be subjected to chemical phosphating treatment;

c. a plurality of zinc blocks (strips) are fixedly embedded at proper positions on the surface of the draw road bridge;

d. after the construction of the road and bridge structure is completed, the whole body can be painted.