CN114290468B - Glue-free fiber board raw material and preparation method thereof and glue-free fiber board - Google Patents
Glue-free fiber board raw material and preparation method thereof and glue-free fiber board Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a raw material of a glue-free fiber board, a preparation method thereof and the glue-free fiber board, and belongs to the technical field of fiber boards. The invention uses carbonized wastewater to treat wood dust: firstly, carrying out rotary evaporation on the carbonized wastewater to obtain distillate and residual fraction, wherein the distillate contains various acidic substances and can play a role in acid defibering the wood chips, and lignin and hemicellulose in the wood chips are degraded into guaiacol and phenol substances in the high-temperature high-pressure treatment process and can play a role in gluing in the board preparation process; then adding residual parts of the carbonized wastewater, wherein the residual parts are mainly lignin carbonized degradation products and can further play a role in gluing, so that the mechanical property of the plate is improved. The results of the examples show that the fibreboard produced using the feedstock of the present invention has a static flexural strength of 33.4MPa, an elastic modulus of 3389MPa and an internal bond strength of 0.85MPa.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fiber boards, and particularly relates to a glue-free fiber board raw material, a preparation method thereof and a glue-free fiber board.
Background
The fiber board has the advantages of light weight, large strength-weight ratio, easy processing, low cost, adjustability and controllability and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of furniture, buildings, interior decoration, non-bearing materials and the like. During the preparation of the fiber board, an adhesive is usually added to bond the fiber raw materials together, so as to improve the performance of the board, wherein the urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive (containing modification) and the phenolic resin adhesive station agent are taken as main materials. However, the use of industrial adhesives not only increases the production cost of the board, but also poses a hazard to the environment and human health.
The glue-free fiberboard is used for replacing industrial adhesives in the traditional fiberboard manufacturing process by utilizing the activation of biomass adhesive substances. But the content of the self-adhesive substances of the fibers is lower, so that the performance of the board is greatly reduced; meanwhile, a large amount of inorganic acid is required to be added in the preparation process of the fiber board for defibering the fiber raw material, and the cost is high.
Therefore, how to reduce the production cost of the fiber board and improve the performance of the board becomes a difficult problem in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a raw material of a glue-free fiber board, a preparation method thereof and the glue-free fiber board. The preparation method provided by the invention treats the wood chips by using the carbonized wastewater, the cost is low, and the prepared fiberboard has higher mechanical property.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a preparation method of a glue-free fiber board raw material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Performing rotary evaporation on the carbonized wastewater to obtain distillate and residual;
(2) Performing first soaking on the sawdust by using the distillate obtained in the step (1), and then performing high-temperature treatment to obtain pretreated sawdust;
(3) And (3) carrying out secondary soaking on the pretreated wood chips obtained in the step (2) by adopting the residual parts obtained in the step (1) to obtain the glue-free fiberboard raw material.
Preferably, the pH value of the distillate in the step (1) is 2.5-4.0.
Preferably, the particle size of the wood chips in the step (2) is 0.5-20 mm.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the distillate fraction to the wood chips in the step (2) is (2-4): 1.
preferably, the time for the first soaking in the step (2) is 6-24 h.
Preferably, the high temperature and high pressure treatment in the step (2) includes a first high temperature treatment and a second high temperature treatment in sequence.
Preferably, the temperature of the first high-temperature treatment is 60-90 ℃, and the time of the first high-temperature treatment is 2-4 h; the temperature of the second high-temperature treatment is 120-180 ℃, and the time of the second high-temperature treatment is 1-4 h.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the residual part in the step (3) to the wood chip in the step (2) is (1-2): 1.
the invention provides the glue-free fiber board raw material prepared by the preparation method in the technical scheme.
The invention also provides a glue-free fiber board which is obtained by paving and then hot-pressing the raw materials of the glue-free fiber board.
The invention provides a preparation method of a glue-free fiberboard raw material, which comprises the following steps: (1) Performing rotary evaporation on the carbonized wastewater to obtain distillate and residual; (2) Carrying out first soaking on the sawdust by using the distillate obtained in the step (1), and then carrying out high-temperature treatment to obtain pretreated sawdust; (3) And (3) carrying out secondary soaking on the pretreated wood chips obtained in the step (2) by adopting the residual parts obtained in the step (1) to obtain the glue-free fiberboard raw material. The invention uses carbonized wastewater to treat wood dust: firstly, performing rotary evaporation on the carbonized wastewater to obtain a distillate fraction and a residual fraction, wherein the distillate fraction contains various acidic substances and can play a role in acid defibering of the wood chips, and lignin and hemicellulose in the wood chips are degraded into guaiacol and phenol substances in the high-temperature treatment process, so that the adhesive effect can be played in the board preparation process; then adding residual parts of the carbonized wastewater, wherein the residual parts are mainly lignin carbonized degradation products and can further play a role in gluing, so that the mechanical property of the plate is improved; meanwhile, the carbonization wastewater is reasonably utilized, and the method is more environment-friendly. The results of the examples show that the fiber board prepared by the raw material of the invention has the static bending strength of 33.4MPa, the elastic modulus of 3389MPa and the internal bonding strength of 0.85MPa, and meets the performance requirements of the common type medium-density fiber board used in a dry state in the national standard GB/T11718-2009 Medium-density fiberboard.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a preparation method of a glue-free fiber board raw material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Performing rotary evaporation on the carbonization wastewater to obtain distillate and residual parts;
(2) Carrying out first soaking on the sawdust by using the distillate obtained in the step (1), and then carrying out high-temperature treatment to obtain pretreated sawdust;
(3) And (3) carrying out secondary soaking on the pretreated wood chips obtained in the step (2) by adopting the residual parts obtained in the step (1) to obtain the glue-free fiberboard raw material.
The sources of the components are not particularly limited in the present invention unless otherwise specified, and may be those obtained by commercially available products or conventional production methods well known to those skilled in the art.
The invention carries out rotary evaporation on the carbonized wastewater to obtain distillate and residual.
In the invention, the carbonization waste water is preferably bamboo carbonization waste water. The source of the bamboo carbonization wastewater is not specially limited, and the bamboo carbonization wastewater obtained by adopting the technical scheme of bamboo carbonization, which is well known by the technical personnel in the field, can be used. In the invention, bamboo resources are rich in China, and bamboo carbonization wastewater has wide sources.
In the invention, the temperature of the rotary evaporation is preferably 55-75 ℃, and more preferably 60-70 ℃; the rotary steaming time is preferably 20-90 min, more preferably 40-70 min, and most preferably 50-60 min; the vacuum degree of the rotary evaporation is preferably-0.05 to-0.1 MPa, and more preferably-0.08 to-0.1 MPa. The present invention limits the temperature, time and vacuum degree of rotary evaporation within the above range, and can fully and rotatably evaporate the distillate. In the invention, light components such as various organic acids contained in the carbonization waste water are volatilized to be distillate components in the rotary distillation process, and heavy components such as lignin carbonization degradation products with guaiacol structures are not easy to volatilize to be residual components in the rotary distillation process.
In the present invention, the pH of the distillate is preferably 2.5 to 4.0, more preferably 3.0 to 3.5. The pH value of the distillate is limited within the range, so that the distillate has proper acidity and plays a role in acid disintegration on wood chips subsequently.
After distillate and residual are obtained, the sawdust is subjected to first soaking by using the distillate and then is subjected to high-temperature treatment, and the pretreated sawdust is obtained.
The present invention is not particularly limited in the kind of the wood chips, and the wood chips for producing the fiberboard well known to those skilled in the art may be used.
In the present invention, the particle size of the wood chips is preferably 0.5 to 20mm, more preferably 1 to 15mm, and most preferably 5 to 10mm. The wood chips with the particle size being less than 0.5mm can be sucked away by the dust removing equipment of the processing equipment in the actual wood processing process, and the wood chips with the particle size being more than 20mm can be continuously processed into wood beads.
In the present invention, the mass ratio of the distillate fraction to the wood chips is preferably (2 to 4): 1, more preferably (2.5 to 3.5): 1, most preferably 3:1. In the invention, the distillate contains a plurality of acidic substances and can play a role of acid disintegration on wood chips. The present invention can achieve a more sufficient acid-defibering action of the wood chips by limiting the mass ratio of the distillate fraction to the wood chips to the above range.
In the present invention, the time for the first soaking is preferably 6 to 24 hours, more preferably 10 to 20 hours, and most preferably 14 to 16 hours; the temperature of the first soaking is preferably 20 to 30 ℃, and more preferably 25 ℃. The invention limits the temperature and time of the first soaking in the range, so that the acid disintegration effect on the wood chips can be more sufficient.
In the present invention, the high-temperature treatment preferably includes a first high-temperature treatment and a second high-temperature treatment in this order. In the invention, the first high-temperature treatment is mainly acid disintegration of the distillate on the wood chips; the second high-temperature treatment mainly degrades lignin and hemicellulose in the sawdust into guaiacol and phenol structural substances, and plays a role in gluing in the subsequent fiberboard hot-pressing process.
In the present invention, the temperature of the first high temperature treatment is preferably 60 to 90 ℃, more preferably 70 to 80 ℃; the time of the first high temperature treatment is preferably 2 to 4 hours, more preferably 2.5 to 3.5 hours, and most preferably 3 hours.
After the first high-temperature treatment is completed, the invention preferably directly raises the temperature of the product of the first high-temperature treatment to the temperature of the second high-temperature treatment. In the present invention, the temperature of the second high temperature treatment is preferably 120 to 180 ℃, more preferably 130 to 170 ℃, and most preferably 140 to 160 ℃; the time of the second high temperature treatment is preferably 1 to 4 hours, and more preferably 2 to 3 hours. The invention limits the temperature and time of high-temperature treatment in the range, so that the acid defibering effect on the wood chips is more sufficient, and the lignin and hemicellulose in the wood chips are more sufficiently degraded into guaiacol and phenol structural substances, thereby having the function of adhesion in the hot pressing process and further improving the performance of the fiberboard.
After the high-temperature treatment is finished, the product of the high-temperature treatment is preferably sequentially cooled, filtered and dried to obtain the pretreated wood chips.
In the present invention, the cooling is preferably rapid cooling; the rapid cooling is preferably carried out in a water bath; the temperature of the water bath is preferably 25 to 35 ℃. In the invention, the rapid cooling can avoid the self-polymerization of some substances in the pretreated sawdust adhesive substance to form long chains, and reserve more double bond structures, so that the substances are polymerized again in the hot pressing process of the fiberboard preparation, the adhesive effect of the substances is fully exerted, and the performance of the fiberboard is further improved.
The operation of the filtration is not particularly limited in the present invention, and a filtration technical scheme known to those skilled in the art may be adopted.
In the present invention, the temperature of the drying is preferably 50 to 60 ℃, more preferably 55 ℃; the water content of the dried product is preferably 0 to 5%, more preferably 0 to 3%. The drying time is not specially limited, and the water content of the dried product is ensured to be in the range.
After the pre-treated wood chips are obtained, the residual parts are adopted to carry out second soaking on the pre-treated wood chips, so that the glue-free fiberboard raw material is obtained.
In the present invention, the mass ratio of the residual fraction to the wood chips is preferably (1 to 2): 1, more preferably (1.2 to 1.8): 1, most preferably (1.4 to 1.6): 1. in the invention, the residual part is mainly lignin carbonized degradation product which can further play a role in gluing, thereby improving the mechanical property of the board. The present invention limits the mass ratio of the residual fraction to the wood chips to the above range, and can sufficiently exert the adhesive effect thereof, thereby further improving the performance of the fiberboard.
In the present invention, the time for the second soaking is preferably 3 to 6 hours, and more preferably 4 to 5 hours; the temperature of the second soaking is preferably 20 to 30 ℃, and more preferably 25 ℃. The temperature and time of the second soaking are limited in the range, so that the residual part can be more fully contacted with the wood chips, the adhesive effect of the wood chips can be fully exerted, and the performance of the fiberboard can be further improved.
After the second soaking is finished, the invention preferably dries the product after the second soaking to obtain the glue-free fiber board raw material.
In the present invention, the temperature of the drying is preferably 50 to 60 ℃, more preferably 55 ℃; the water content of the dried product is preferably 12 to 40%, more preferably 20 to 30%. The drying time is not specially limited, and the water content of the dried product is ensured to be in the range.
The invention uses carbonized wastewater to treat wood dust: firstly, performing rotary evaporation on the carbonized wastewater to obtain a distillate fraction and a residual fraction, wherein the distillate fraction contains various acidic substances and can play a role in acid defibering of the wood chips, and lignin and hemicellulose in the wood chips are degraded into guaiacol and phenol substances in the high-temperature treatment process, so that the adhesive effect can be played in the board preparation process; then adding residual parts of the carbonized wastewater, wherein the residual parts are mainly lignin carbonized degradation products, so that the residual parts can further play a role in gluing, and the mechanical properties of the plate are further improved by controlling the process parameters such as the using amount of each component, the reaction temperature, the reaction time and the like; meanwhile, the carbonization wastewater is reasonably utilized, and the method is more environment-friendly.
The invention provides the glue-free fiber board raw material prepared by the preparation method in the technical scheme.
The raw material of the glue-free fiber board provided by the invention contains more adhesive substances, and the mechanical property of the fiber board can be further improved.
The invention also provides a glue-free fiber board which is obtained by paving and then hot-pressing the raw materials of the glue-free fiber board.
The paving operation is not particularly limited by the invention, and the technical scheme of paving the fiberboard raw material, which is well known to those skilled in the art, can be adopted.
In the present invention, the temperature of the hot pressing is preferably 150 to 200 ℃, more preferably 160 to 190 ℃, and most preferably 170 to 180 ℃; the time for the hot pressing is preferably 10 to 15min, more preferably 11 to 14min, and most preferably 12 to 13min. The invention limits the temperature and time of hot pressing in the range, can make the adhesive substance in the raw material of the fiber board fully react, and further improves the mechanical property of the fiber board.
The fiber board provided by the invention has excellent mechanical properties.
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It should be apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
(1) Collecting bamboo carbonization wastewater in a carbonization tank with a bamboo carbonization process of 240 ℃ for 3h, placing 2500mL of the bamboo carbonization wastewater in a 5000mL distillation flask, placing the distillation flask in a rotary evaporator, and performing rotary evaporation for 45min at 65 ℃ and a vacuum degree of-0.1 MPa to obtain 1900mL of distillate and 600mL of residual, wherein the pH value of the distillate is 2.6;
(2) Mixing 200g of pine wood chips with the particle size of 0.5-20 mm and 400g of distillate (the mass ratio of the distillate to the wood chips is 2:1) and soaking at normal temperature for 16h, transferring into a 1000mL polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle lining, treating at 90 ℃ for 4h, heating to 170 ℃ for treatment for 2h, rapidly cooling in a 25 ℃ water bath, filtering by a screen, and drying in a 60 ℃ hot air drying box until the water content of the material is 3% to obtain pretreated wood chips;
(3) And (3) mixing 300g of residual parts with the pretreated wood chips obtained in the step (2) (the mass ratio of the residual parts to the wood chips is 1.5).
Example 2
(1) Collecting bamboo carbonization wastewater in a carbonization tank with a bamboo carbonization process of 240 ℃ for 3.5h, placing 2500mL of the bamboo carbonization wastewater in a 5000mL distillation flask, placing the distillation flask in a rotary evaporator, and performing rotary evaporation for 45min at 65 ℃ and a vacuum degree of-0.1 MPa to obtain 1900mL of distillate and 600mL of residual fraction, wherein the pH value of the distillate is 2.2;
(2) Mixing 200g of pine wood chips with the particle size of 0.5-20 mm and 400g of distillate (the mass ratio of the distillate to the wood chips is 2:1) and soaking at normal temperature for 12h, transferring into a 1000mL polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle lining, treating at 80 ℃ for 3.5h, heating to 180 ℃ for 1.5h, rapidly cooling in a 25 ℃ water bath, filtering by a screen, and drying in a 60 ℃ hot air drying box until the water content of the material is 3% to obtain pretreated wood chips;
(3) And (3) mixing 300g of residual parts with the pretreated sawdust obtained in the step (2) (the mass ratio of the residual parts to the sawdust is 1.5).
Example 3
The non-glue fiber board material obtained in example 1 was laid by hand, hot pressed at 180 ℃ for 13min, and cooled to obtain a fiber board of 150mm × 150mm × 10mm.
Example 4
The non-glue fiberboard material obtained in example 2 was laid by hand, hot-pressed at 180 ℃ for 12min, and cooled to obtain a fiberboard of 150mm × 150mm × 10mm.
The density, static bending strength, elastic modulus, internal bond strength and 24h absorption barrier expansion ratio of the fiber sheets prepared in example 3 and example 4 were tested, and the results are shown in table 1.
Table 1 properties of the fibreboards produced in example 3 and example 4
| Example 3 | Example 4 | |
| Density g/cm 3 | 0.8 | 0.85 |
| Static bending strength MPa | 32.8 | 33.4 |
| Modulus of elasticity MPa | 3309 | 3389 |
| Internal bond strength MPa | 0.81 | 0.85 |
| Absorption barrier expansion rate% in 24h | 14.1 | 13.6 |
As can be seen from Table 1, the fiber board prepared by the invention has excellent mechanical properties, and meets the performance requirements of a common medium-density fiber board used in a dry state in the national standard GB/T11718-2009 Medium-density fiber board.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A preparation method of a glue-free fiber board raw material comprises the following steps:
(1) Collecting bamboo carbonization wastewater in a carbonization tank with a bamboo carbonization process of 240 ℃ for 3h, placing 2500mL of the bamboo carbonization wastewater in a 5000mL distillation flask, placing the distillation flask in a rotary evaporator, and performing rotary evaporation for 45min at 65 ℃ and a vacuum degree of-0.1 MPa to obtain 1900mL of distillate and 600mL of residual, wherein the pH value of the distillate is 2.6;
(2) Taking 200g of pine wood chips with the particle size of 0.5-20mm and 400g of distillate, wherein the mass ratio of the distillate to the wood chips is 2:1, mixing, soaking at normal temperature for 16h, transferring into a 1000mL polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle lining, treating at 90 ℃ for 4h, heating to 170 ℃ for treatment for 2h, rapidly cooling in a water bath at 25 ℃ after finishing, filtering by using a screen, and drying in a hot air drying box at 60 ℃ until the water content of the material is 3% to obtain pretreated wood chips;
(3) Mixing 300g of residual parts with the pretreated wood chips obtained in the step (2), soaking at normal temperature for 4h, and drying in a hot air drying oven at 60 ℃ until the water content of the material is 30% to obtain a glue-free fiberboard raw material, wherein the mass ratio of the residual parts to the wood chips is 1.5;
or (1) collecting bamboo carbonization wastewater in a carbonization tank with a bamboo carbonization process of 240 ℃ for 3.5h, placing 2500mL of the bamboo carbonization wastewater in a 5000mL distillation flask, placing the distillation flask in a rotary evaporator, and performing rotary evaporation for 45min at 65 ℃ and a vacuum degree of-0.1 MPa to obtain 1900mL of distillate and 600mL of residual, wherein the pH value of the distillate is 2.2;
(2) Taking 200g of pine wood chips with the particle size of 0.5-20mm and 400g of distillate, wherein the mass ratio of the distillate to the wood chips is 2:1, mixing, soaking at normal temperature for 12h, transferring into a 1000mL polytetrafluoroethylene reaction kettle lining, treating at 80 ℃ for 3.5h, heating to 180 ℃ for 1.5h, quickly cooling in a water bath at 25 ℃, filtering by using a screen, and drying in a hot air drying box at 60 ℃ until the water content of the material is 3% to obtain pretreated wood chips;
(3) Mixing 300g of residual parts with the pretreated wood chips obtained in the step (2), soaking at normal temperature for 3h, and drying in a 60 ℃ hot air drying box until the water content of the material is 35% to obtain a glue-free fiberboard raw material, wherein the mass ratio of the residual parts to the wood chips is 1.5;
the distillate contains various acidic substances, can play a role in acid defibering of the wood chips, and can degrade lignin and hemicellulose in the wood chips into guaiacol and phenol substances in the high-temperature treatment process, so that the lignin and the hemicellulose can play a role in gluing in the preparation process of the plates; the residual part is mainly lignin carbonized degradation products and can further play a role in gluing.
2. A binderless fiberboard material produced by the process of claim 1.
3. A non-adhesive fiber board, which is obtained by paving and hot-pressing the non-adhesive fiber board raw material as claimed in claim 2.
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