CN114290135A - High-precision monocrystalline diamond cutter sharpening device and sharpening method - Google Patents
High-precision monocrystalline diamond cutter sharpening device and sharpening method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114290135A CN114290135A CN202111491450.1A CN202111491450A CN114290135A CN 114290135 A CN114290135 A CN 114290135A CN 202111491450 A CN202111491450 A CN 202111491450A CN 114290135 A CN114290135 A CN 114290135A
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- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000997 High-speed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010438 granite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-precision monocrystalline diamond cutter grinding device and a grinding method, which comprises a base and a main shaft part, wherein the upper surface of the base is provided with a feeding guide rail which moves transversely and a reciprocating guide rail which moves longitudinally, a rotary worktable is embedded in the worktable surface of the reciprocating guide rail, a main shaft pitching part which realizes the up-and-down swinging of the main shaft part is arranged on the worktable surface of the feeding guide rail, a main shaft lifting part is arranged on the side surface of the main shaft pitching part facing the rotary worktable, the main shaft part is arranged on the main shaft lifting part, a cutter rest part is fixed on the worktable surface of the rotary worktable, and a camera system is arranged on the reciprocating guide rail. The invention adopts a brand new structural layout form and a power driving mode, thereby not only improving the operation convenience of the equipment, but also improving the processing precision and the working stability of the equipment, and the clamping tool and the hand wheel of the rotating main shaft pitching component are both in the range which can be easily reached by operators.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of precision machining equipment, in particular to a high-precision monocrystalline diamond cutter sharpening device and a sharpening method.
Background
With the rapid development of the fields of domestic aerospace, medicine, automobiles and the like, the requirement on machining precision is higher and higher, and the original high-speed steel and hard alloy cutters can not meet the machining requirement gradually, so that the use occasions and the market scales of diamond cutters with higher hardness and more excellent performance are increased gradually, and the diamond cutters play an important role in the field of machining.
Diamond tools are used in precision and above precision machining of parts, where ultra-precision machining focuses more on the use of high precision single crystal diamond tools. The production of high-quality diamond cutters requires mature cutter manufacturing technology, high-precision and stable cutter production equipment cannot be left, and the processing requirements of single crystal diamond cutters are more severe. At present, the mechanical grinding method is a recognized method with high efficiency, low cost, simple and convenient operation and broadest applicability in the production of diamond cutters. However, the characteristics of single crystal diamond crystals, such as high hardness, wear resistance, difficulty in welding, anisotropy and the like, make the preparation of the cutting tool very difficult, and professional processing equipment is needed to obtain the high-precision single crystal cutting tool.
In order to grind a high-precision natural monocrystalline diamond cutter, a high-precision diamond cutter sharpening device meeting the requirements of the processing process of the natural monocrystalline diamond cutter must be used: the equipment needs to have higher precision and higher rigidity so as to ensure that the equipment has good precision retentivity in the process of grinding the high-hardness diamond; in addition, the equipment also needs to meet the requirements of adjustment of the grinding direction and the elevation angle of the grinding wheel disk and realization of various motion functions.
In view of the above, there is a need for a high precision single crystal diamond tool sharpening device to achieve high precision natural single crystal diamond tool machining.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a high-precision monocrystalline diamond cutter sharpening device and a sharpening method, and aims to solve the problem that the structure and function of the existing cutter sharpening equipment cannot meet the sharpening requirement of the high-precision monocrystalline diamond cutter.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a high-precision monocrystalline diamond cutter sharpening device comprises a base and a main shaft component, wherein a feeding guide rail and a reciprocating guide rail are mounted on the upper surface of the base, the feeding guide rail and the reciprocating guide rail move transversely and longitudinally, a rotary workbench is embedded in a working table surface of the reciprocating guide rail, a main shaft pitching component for realizing vertical swing of the main shaft component is mounted on the working table surface of the feeding guide rail, a main shaft lifting component is mounted on the side surface, facing the rotary workbench, of the main shaft pitching component, the main shaft lifting component is mounted on the main shaft lifting component, a cutter rest component is fixed on the working table surface of the rotary workbench, a camera system is arranged on the reciprocating guide rail, and the moving directions of the reciprocating guide rail and the feeding guide rail are mutually vertical; the axis of the rotary worktable is vertical to the worktable surface of the reciprocating guide rail; the central symmetry planes of the main shaft pitching component, the main shaft lifting component and the main shaft component are coplanar and are mutually vertical to the working table surface of the feeding guide rail; the camera axis of the camera system is collinear with the axis of the rotary table.
Preferably, the verticality between the motion directions of the reciprocating guide rail and the feeding guide rail is less than 2 μm; the verticality between the axis of the rotary worktable and the worktable surface of the reciprocating guide rail is less than 1 μm; the verticality between the central symmetry plane of the spindle pitching component, the spindle lifting component and the spindle component and the working table surface of the feeding guide rail is less than 1 mu m.
In order to better improve the motion precision of the equipment, the rotary worktable, the reciprocating guide rail and the feeding guide rail all adopt a liquid static pressure lubrication supporting structure, and the main shaft part adopts a gas static pressure lubrication supporting structure.
In order to realize the rapid movement and the ultra-high precision positioning of the reciprocating guide rail and the feeding guide rail and meet the requirement of continuous feeding of ultra-small grinding amount, the reciprocating guide rail and the feeding guide rail are directly driven by a linear motor and are provided with a linear grating ruler with the feedback resolution of 1 nm.
In order to avoid the generation of repeated positioning errors caused by tool clamping in the off-line detection process of the diamond tool, the camera system comprises two optical lenses with different specifications, wherein one optical lens with low magnification is used for observing the machining process of equipment, and the other optical lens with high magnification is used for on-site detection of the diamond tool.
A high-precision monocrystal diamond cutter sharpening method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: introducing high-pressure gas into the spindle part rotating at high speed, introducing high-pressure hydraulic oil into the rotary worktable, the reciprocating guide rail and the feeding guide rail to float, checking whether the air pressure and the oil pressure are normal or not, and enabling the equipment to stably operate for more than 20 minutes;
step two: installing the processed diamond cutter blank in a cutter rest component, observing and adjusting the cutter rest component through an optical lens with high magnification of a camera system, so that a blade of the diamond cutter is positioned at the central position of a rotary worktable, and replacing the optical lens of the camera system with an optical lens with low magnification;
step three: rotating a hand wheel in the main shaft pitching component to enable an included angle between the axis of the main shaft component and the horizontal plane to be equal to a back angle of the diamond cutter to be ground;
step four: starting the main shaft part, and controlling the feeding guide rail to drive the main shaft part to perform feeding motion towards the direction of the diamond cutter until the sound of the contact between the diamond cutter and the grinding wheel disc is heard;
step five: starting the rotary worktable to make the rotary worktable swing in a reciprocating manner within a set angle range, and starting the reciprocating guide rail to make the reciprocating guide rail move in a reciprocating manner within a set length range;
step six: starting a main shaft lifting component to drive the main shaft component to move up and down, changing the grinding direction of the diamond cutter into the tangential direction of the diamond cutter on the contact point of a grinding wheel disc, controlling the linkage of the main shaft lifting component and a reciprocating guide rail in the processing process, ensuring that the diamond cutter is contacted with any point on the grinding wheel disc, and realizing the grinding of the diamond cutter in any direction;
step seven: and controlling the feeding guide rail to drive the main shaft part to feed for multiple times until the diamond cutter with the required profile is machined, controlling the feeding guide rail to complete cutter withdrawal, stopping the main shaft part, and taking down the diamond cutter in the cutter rest part.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the high-precision single crystal diamond cutter sharpening device can realize the relative movement and posture swing of multiple degrees of freedom between the diamond cutter and the main shaft grinding wheel disk through the movement of the plurality of moving parts, the whole structure of the device is compact, the precision is high, the rigidity is strong, no matter whether the cutter is clamped or the hand wheel of the main shaft pitching part is rotated, the device can be easily touched by an operator, and the layout and the driving mode of the device can improve the operation convenience of the device and the precision and the working stability of the device.
The high-precision monocrystal diamond cutter sharpening method realizes the continuous change of the grinding direction of the diamond cutter by controlling the relative movement of each part of the equipment, particularly by controlling the linkage of the main shaft lifting part and the reciprocating guide rail so as to meet the grinding requirement of the monocrystal diamond cutter.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the device comprises a base, 2 parts of a feeding guide rail, 3 parts of a main shaft pitching component, 4 parts of a main shaft lifting component, 5 parts of a main shaft, 6 parts of a camera system, 7 parts of a tool rest component, 8 parts of a rotary workbench and 9 parts of a reciprocating guide rail.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These drawings are simplified schematic views illustrating only the basic structure of the present invention in a schematic manner, and thus show only the constitution related to the present invention.
The high-precision single crystal diamond tool sharpening device shown in figures 1 and 2 comprises a base 1, a feeding guide rail 2, a main shaft pitching component 3, a main shaft lifting component 4, a main shaft component 5, a camera system 6, a tool rest component 7, a rotary table 8 and a reciprocating guide rail 9.
Specifically, the bottom surfaces of the reciprocating guide rail 9 and the feeding guide rail 2 are fixedly arranged on the base 1, the base 1 is made of granite materials, the deformation coefficient is small, and the stability of the equipment can be improved; the rotary worktable 8 is embedded in the worktable surface of the reciprocating guide rail 9, so that the distance from the diamond cutter to the worktable surface of the reciprocating guide rail 9 can be shortened, the shaking amount generated when the cutter moves along with the reciprocating guide rail 9 in the motion process of the reciprocating guide rail 9 is reduced, and the processing precision and the working stability of the equipment are improved.
The spindle pitching component 3 is fixedly arranged on the table surface of the feeding guide rail 2, the spindle lifting component 4 is arranged on the side surface of the spindle pitching component 3 facing the rotary table 8, and the spindle component 5 provided with the grinding wheel disc is arranged on the spindle lifting component 4. The spindle pitching component 3 and the spindle lifting component 4 are large in overall volume and weight and are fixedly connected with the feeding guide rail 2, so that the spindle pitching component and the spindle lifting component do not need to move frequently, and the stability of equipment can be improved; the tool rest component 7 is fixedly connected with the working table surface of the rotary working table 8, and the camera system 6 is fixedly arranged on the table surface of the reciprocating guide rail 9, so that a camera lens can always keep a relative static state with a diamond tool to be machined, and the machining condition of the tool can be observed in real time conveniently.
The motion directions of the reciprocating guide rail 9 and the feeding guide rail 2 are mutually vertical, and the verticality is less than 2 mu m; the axis of the rotary worktable 8 is vertical to the worktable surface of the reciprocating guide rail 9, and the verticality is less than 1 μm; the central symmetry planes of the main shaft pitching component 3, the main shaft lifting component 4 and the main shaft component 5 are coplanar, the planes are mutually vertical to the working table surface of the feeding guide 2, and the verticality is less than 1 mu m, so that the processing precision of the equipment can be ensured; the camera axis of the camera system 6 is collinear with the axis of the rotary table 8, so that the tool setting of the equipment and the monitoring of the tool machining process are facilitated.
The rotary working table 8, the reciprocating guide rail 9 and the feeding guide rail 2 are supported in a hydrostatic lubrication mode, the spindle part 5 is supported in a gas hydrostatic lubrication mode, the precision of the equipment can be improved, and the rigidity of the equipment can be improved in the hydrostatic lubrication supporting mode.
Reciprocating guide 9 and feed guide 2 all adopt linear electric motor direct drive's form to be furnished with the linear grating chi of super high accuracy, the feedback resolution ratio of linear grating chi is 1nm, both can improve reciprocating guide 9 and the control accuracy of feed guide 2 rapid draing, realize the continuous feed of super little grinding volume, prevent breaking up of diamond cutter, can be directed against the anisotropy of single crystal diamond again, constantly through the size of increase and decrease feed volume control grinding force, increase grinding force in hard point department, soft point department reduces grinding force, finally guarantee the uniformity of the whole processing effect of single crystal diamond, obtain the diamond cutter of higher accuracy.
A sharpening method for sharpening a high-precision monocrystalline diamond cutter by adopting the sharpening device comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: introducing high-pressure gas into the main shaft part 5 rotating at high speed, introducing high-pressure hydraulic oil into the rotary worktable 8, the reciprocating guide rail 9 and the feeding guide rail 2 to enable the high-pressure hydraulic oil to float, checking whether the air pressure and the oil pressure are normal or not, and enabling the equipment to be stable for more than 20 minutes;
step two: mounting the processed diamond cutter blank in a cutter rest component 7, observing and adjusting the cutter rest component 7 through an optical lens with high magnification of a camera system 6, enabling a blade of the diamond cutter to be positioned at the central position of a rotary worktable 8, and replacing the optical lens of the camera system 6 with an optical lens with low magnification;
step three: rotating a hand wheel on the main shaft pitching component 3 to enable an included angle between the axis of the main shaft component 5 and the horizontal plane to be equal to a back angle of the diamond cutter to be ground;
step four: starting the spindle part 5, controlling the feeding guide rail 2 to drive the spindle part 5 to perform feeding motion towards the direction of the diamond cutter until the sound of contact between the cutter and a grinding wheel disc arranged on the spindle part 5 is heard;
step five: starting the rotary table 8 to make the rotary table swing in a reciprocating manner within a set angle range, and starting the reciprocating guide rail 9 to make the rotary table move in a reciprocating manner within a set length range;
step six: the spindle lifting part 4 is started, the spindle part 5 is driven to move up and down, because the single crystal diamond crystals have anisotropy, namely the diamond crystals are at different positions, the processing efficiency and the processing quality in different grinding directions are different, the grinding direction of the diamond cutter needs to be changed continuously, the grinding direction of the diamond cutter is the tangential direction of the cutter on a contact point of a grinding wheel disk, in the processing process, the linkage of the spindle lifting part 4 and a reciprocating guide rail 9 is controlled, the cutter is in contact with any point on the grinding wheel disk, and the grinding in any direction of the cutter is realized.
Step seven: and controlling the feeding guide rail 2 to drive the main shaft part 5 to feed for multiple times until the single crystal diamond cutter with the required profile is processed, controlling the feeding guide rail 2 to finish retracting the cutter, stopping the main shaft part 5, and taking down the single crystal diamond cutter in the cutter rest part 7.
In the working process, the reciprocating guide rail 9 of the equipment needs to do reciprocating movement frequently, rapidly and with large displacement, the feeding guide rail 2 only needs to intermittently move towards one direction with small displacement when feeding and retracting, and the whole body consisting of the spindle pitching component 3, the spindle lifting component 4 and the spindle component 5 is much larger than the whole body consisting of the rotary worktable 8 and the tool rest component 7 in volume and weight, so that the whole structure consisting of the spindle pitching component 3, the spindle lifting component 4 and the spindle component 5 is fixed on the worktable surface of the intermittent and micro-motion feeding guide rail 2, and the whole structure consisting of the rotary worktable 8 and the tool rest component 7 is fixed on the reciprocating guide rail 9 which moves frequently, rapidly and with large displacement, so as to further enhance the working stability of the equipment; meanwhile, most of the structure of the rotary worktable 8 is embedded below the worktable surface of the reciprocating guide rail 9, so that the distance from the diamond cutter to the worktable surface of the reciprocating guide rail 9 can be shortened, and the shaking amount generated when the cutter moves along with the reciprocating guide rail 9 in the movement process of the reciprocating guide rail 9 can be reduced.
The high-precision single crystal diamond cutter sharpening device can realize the relative movement and posture swing of multiple degrees of freedom between the diamond cutter and the main shaft grinding wheel disk through the movement of the plurality of moving parts, has compact structure, high precision and strong rigidity, is in the range that operators can easily reach no matter clamping the cutter or rotating the hand wheel of the main shaft pitching part 3, and can improve the operation convenience of equipment and the precision and the working stability of the equipment through the layout and the driving mode of the equipment.
The high-precision monocrystalline diamond cutter sharpening method realizes the continuous change of the grinding direction of the cutter by controlling the relative movement of all parts of the equipment, particularly by controlling the linkage of the main shaft lifting part 4 and the reciprocating guide rail 9, so as to meet the grinding requirement of the monocrystalline diamond cutter.
In light of the foregoing description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content of the specification, and must be determined according to the scope of the claims.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a high accuracy single crystal diamond cutter sharpening device, includes base and main shaft part, characterized by: the upper surface of the base is provided with a feeding guide rail which moves transversely and a reciprocating guide rail which moves longitudinally, a rotary worktable is embedded in the working table surface of the reciprocating guide rail, a main shaft pitching component which realizes the up-and-down swinging of a main shaft component is arranged on the working table surface of the feeding guide rail, a main shaft lifting component is arranged on the side surface of the main shaft pitching component facing the rotary worktable, the main shaft component is arranged on the main shaft lifting component, the working table surface of the rotary worktable is fixed with a tool rest component, the reciprocating guide rail is provided with a camera system, and the moving directions of the reciprocating guide rail and the feeding guide rail are mutually vertical; the axis of the rotary worktable is vertical to the worktable surface of the reciprocating guide rail; the central symmetry planes of the main shaft pitching component, the main shaft lifting component and the main shaft component are coplanar and are mutually vertical to the working table surface of the feeding guide rail; the camera axis of the camera system is collinear with the axis of the rotary table.
2. The high precision single crystal diamond tool sharpening apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the verticality between the reciprocating guide rail and the motion direction of the feeding guide rail is less than 2 mu m; the verticality between the axis of the rotary worktable and the worktable surface of the reciprocating guide rail is less than 1 μm; the verticality between the central symmetry plane of the spindle pitching component, the spindle lifting component and the spindle component and the working table surface of the feeding guide rail is less than 1 mu m.
3. The high precision single crystal diamond tool sharpening apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the rotary worktable, the reciprocating guide rail and the feeding guide rail all adopt a liquid static pressure lubrication supporting structure, and the main shaft part adopts a gas static pressure lubrication supporting structure.
4. The high precision single crystal diamond tool sharpening apparatus of claim 3, wherein: the reciprocating guide rail and the feeding guide rail are both directly driven by a linear motor and are provided with a linear grating ruler with the feedback resolution ratio of 1 nm.
5. The high precision single crystal diamond tool sharpening apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the camera system comprises two optical lenses with different specifications, wherein one optical lens with low magnification is used for observing the machining process of equipment, and the other optical lens with high magnification is used for in-situ detection of the diamond cutter.
6. A method of sharpening a high precision single crystal diamond tool sharpening device according to claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: introducing high-pressure gas into the spindle part rotating at high speed, introducing high-pressure hydraulic oil into the rotary worktable, the reciprocating guide rail and the feeding guide rail to float, checking whether the air pressure and the oil pressure are normal or not, and enabling the equipment to stably operate for more than 20 minutes;
step two: installing the processed diamond cutter blank in a cutter rest component, observing and adjusting the cutter rest component through an optical lens with high magnification of a camera system, so that a blade of the diamond cutter is positioned at the central position of a rotary worktable, and replacing the optical lens of the camera system with an optical lens with low magnification;
step three: rotating a hand wheel in the main shaft pitching component to enable an included angle between the axis of the main shaft component and the horizontal plane to be equal to a back angle of the diamond cutter to be ground;
step four: starting the main shaft part, and controlling the feeding guide rail to drive the main shaft part to perform feeding motion towards the direction of the diamond cutter until the sound of the contact between the diamond cutter and the grinding wheel disc is heard;
step five: starting the rotary worktable to make the rotary worktable swing in a reciprocating manner within a set angle range, and starting the reciprocating guide rail to make the reciprocating guide rail move in a reciprocating manner within a set length range;
step six: starting a main shaft lifting component to drive the main shaft component to move up and down, changing the grinding direction of the diamond cutter into the tangential direction of the diamond cutter on the contact point of a grinding wheel disc, controlling the linkage of the main shaft lifting component and a reciprocating guide rail in the processing process, ensuring that the diamond cutter is contacted with any point on the grinding wheel disc, and realizing the grinding of the diamond cutter in any direction;
step seven: and controlling the feeding guide rail to drive the main shaft part to feed for multiple times until the diamond cutter with the required profile is machined, controlling the feeding guide rail to complete cutter withdrawal, stopping the main shaft part, and taking down the diamond cutter in the cutter rest part.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111491450.1A CN114290135A (en) | 2021-12-08 | 2021-12-08 | High-precision monocrystalline diamond cutter sharpening device and sharpening method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111491450.1A CN114290135A (en) | 2021-12-08 | 2021-12-08 | High-precision monocrystalline diamond cutter sharpening device and sharpening method |
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| CN113305655A (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2021-08-27 | 深圳信息职业技术学院 | Diamond cutter machining device |
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2021
- 2021-12-08 CN CN202111491450.1A patent/CN114290135A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2004188525A (en) * | 2002-12-10 | 2004-07-08 | Fanuc Ltd | Cutting tool edge machining device |
| CN101530975A (en) * | 2009-04-22 | 2009-09-16 | 天津大学 | Method for preparing high-precision arc-blade diamond lathe tool |
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