CN114290002B - Modularized milling and grinding combined machining tool and preparation method of tool bar coating - Google Patents
Modularized milling and grinding combined machining tool and preparation method of tool bar coating Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a modularized milling and grinding combined machining cutter and a preparation method of a cutter bar coating, and relates to the technical field of milling and grinding machining cutters. The modular milling and grinding combined machining tool comprises a tool base body and tool bars, wherein counter bores are formed in the top of the tool base body, a plurality of tool bar clamps are uniformly arranged around the base body, limiting grooves extending in a vertical plane in an inclined mode are formed in the tool bar clamps, and the tool bars are fixed in the limiting grooves; cooling and lubricating channels are arranged on the cutter base body and the cutter bar clamp together; the surface of the front tool face of the tool bar is sequentially provided with a Ti/TiN coating and a TiAlN coating; the surface of the rear tool face of the tool section is provided with a Ni-based diamond grinding coating, and diamond abrasive grains are arranged on the Ni-based diamond grinding coating. The modular design enables various combination modes among the cutter strip, the cutter strip clamp and the cutter base body, the peripheral milling or the end milling can be realized, the helical angle can be changed, the axial milling component force can be offset, various machining conditions can be adapted, and any part can be replaced in time after being damaged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of milling and grinding machining tools, in particular to a modular milling and grinding composite machining tool and a preparation method of a cutter bar coating.
Background
With the development of advanced material technology, new materials with excellent performance are gradually applied, such as composite materials, which are characterized by small specific gravity, high specific strength and specific modulus, and in addition, the composite materials also have the performances of wear reduction, wear resistance, fatigue resistance, creep resistance, electrical insulation and the like. In the mechanical processing process of the composite material, a milling cutter is mostly adopted for processing. Due to the combination mode of the reinforcing phase and the binding phase in the composite material, the anisotropy and the nonuniformity of the material can be caused, so that the milling cutter can fail quickly, and the processing quality is poor, such as the defects of delamination, surface tearing, burrs, cracks, pits and the like on the surface of the material. The improvement of the processing quality and the processing efficiency of advanced materials (composite materials) is a key technical problem which needs to be solved urgently in the field of mechanical manufacturing.
The existing common milling cutter structure design is divided into two categories of integral type and indexable type, such as a corn milling cutter, although the indexable milling cutter can replace blades, the cost is reduced, but only single milling can be carried out, and the helix angle cannot be changed, so that the surface quality of the processed material is poor. In order to improve the processing surface quality of advanced materials, grinding is used as a subsequent supplementary finishing mode, the removal amount is small, the surface quality of processed workpieces can be improved, however, due to the limitation of grinding equipment, the grinding is only limited to the forms of external circle grinding, internal circle grinding, plane grinding, edge grinding and the like, and the problem of low processing efficiency exists. Therefore, the development of the design and the preparation of the milling and grinding integrated efficient machining cutter with a novel structure is the key for improving the machining quality and the machining efficiency of advanced materials.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a modularized milling and grinding combined machining tool and a preparation method of a tool bar coating, wherein the modularized design enables various combination modes among a tool bar, a tool bar clamp and a tool base body, the tool bar clamp and the tool base body can be used for peripheral milling or end milling, the helical angle can be changed, the axial milling and grinding component force can be offset, various machining conditions can be adapted, and any part can be replaced in time after being damaged; the grinding coating is prepared on the rear cutter face through cold spraying, the coating has no phase change, is thick and easy to control, has small thermal stress, can be recycled, has low cost, can grind the milling area synchronously, and realizes milling and grinding combined machining.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a modularized milling and grinding combined machining cutter comprises a cutter base body and cutter bars, wherein counter bores are formed in the top of the cutter base body, a plurality of cutter bar clamps are uniformly arranged around the base body, limiting grooves extending in a vertical plane in an inclined mode are formed in the cutter bar clamps, and the cutter bars are fixed in the limiting grooves;
the cutter base body and the cutter bar clamp are provided with cooling and lubricating channels together;
the surface of the front tool face of the tool bar is sequentially provided with a Ti/TiN coating and a TiAlN coating; and a Ni-based diamond grinding coating is arranged on the surface of the rear cutter face of the cutter bar.
Preferably, the cutter base body is arranged into a cylindrical structure, and a plurality of clamp grooves are formed in the circumferential direction of the cambered surface of the cutter base body; the blade clamp is fixed in the clamp groove.
Preferably, the cutter base body is provided with a plurality of first threaded holes vertically and uniformly in the clamp groove, the tool bar clamp is provided with clamp positioning holes corresponding to the first threaded holes, and the clamp positioning holes are connected with the first threaded holes in a matched mode through first positioning bolts.
Preferably, a second threaded hole is formed in the groove wall on one side of the limiting groove, a cutter bar positioning hole corresponding to the second threaded hole is formed in the cutter bar, and the cutter bar positioning hole and the second threaded hole are connected in a matched mode through a second positioning bolt.
Preferably, the counter bore is arranged at the top of the cutter base body, the cooling and lubricating channel comprises a first cooling and lubricating channel arranged below the counter bore, a plurality of second cooling and lubricating channels communicated with the first cooling and lubricating channel are arranged on the side wall of the cutter base body, and a third cooling and lubricating channel corresponding to the second cooling and lubricating channels is arranged on the cutter bar clamp.
Preferably, the included angle between the limiting groove and the vertical plane is set to be 45 degrees, 30 degrees or 15 degrees.
Preferably, the cutter base body and the tool bar clamp are both made of high-speed tool steel or alloy tool steel.
Preferably, the materials of the cutter base body and the tool bar clamp are high-speed steel 9W18Cr4V or hard alloy YG3.
And diamond abrasive grains are arranged on the Ni-based diamond grinding coating.
A preparation method of a cutter bar coating for a modular milling composite machining cutter comprises the following steps,
firstly, a Ti/TiN coating and a TiAlN coating are sequentially deposited on the rake face of the cutter bar in an ion plating mode.
Secondly, preparing the Ni-based diamond grinding coating,
fixing the cutter bar on a cold spraying fixture, spraying a spraying material by using a cold spraying gun and using heated high-pressure gas as a power source, and depositing a Ni-based diamond grinding coating on a rear cutter face;
wherein the spraying material is a mixture of diamond particles and spherical Ni particles.
Preferably, the spherical Ni particles are prepared by an aerosol method, and the heating temperature of high-pressure gas is 200-600 ℃.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the cutter is in a modular design, multiple combination modes are provided among the cutter strip, the cutter strip clamp and the cutter base body, and multiple helical angles can be set under the condition that the cutter base body is not replaced, so that the cutter can adapt to multiple processing conditions, and can be used for either peripheral milling or end milling; in addition, any part can be replaced in time after being damaged, and the cost is obviously reduced.
2. According to the invention, the grinding coating is prepared on the rear cutter face through cold spraying, the coating has no phase change, is thick and easy to control, has a high deposition speed, is thick and easy to control, has small thermal stress, can recover powder, has low cost, can synchronously grind a milling area, realizes milling and grinding combined processing, and immediately follows the milling and grinding, the two are approximately synchronously performed, and diamond abrasive particles in the Ni-based diamond grinding coating arranged on the rear cutter face of the cutter bar immediately remove the residual material and the rebound material on the processed surface, thereby improving the material forming precision and the processing efficiency.
3. According to the invention, when the number of the cutter bars is even and half of the cutter bars are arranged in the reverse rotation direction, the axial component force generated by milling can be counteracted, so that the defects of layering, tearing and the like in the processing process of advanced materials can be reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a modular milling and grinding composite machining tool of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the mating relationship between the tool base and the bar clamp of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the construction of the basic body of the cutting tool according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a plan view of the modular milling and grinding compound cutting tool of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a blade holder according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the blade bar of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of the arrangement of Ti/TiN coating and TiAlN coating according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a view showing the arrangement of a Ni-based diamond grinding coating according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a view showing a manner of preparing a Ni-based diamond grinding coating according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a view of the manner of use of the blade bar of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a view of different arrangements of the blade bars of the present invention.
In the figure:
1-a cutter base body, 11-a counter bore, 12-a first cooling and lubricating channel, 13-a clamp groove, 14-a second cooling and lubricating channel, 15-a first threaded hole,
2-a tool bar clamp, 21-a clamp positioning hole, 22-a third cooling and lubricating channel, 23-a limiting groove, 231-a groove wall, 232-a second threaded hole,
3-a cutter bar, 3 a-a front cutter face, 3 b-a rear cutter face, 31-a cutter bar positioning hole,
4-cold spray gun, 41-air inlet, 42-heater, 43-nozzle, 44-powder feeding tube,
5-a cold spraying fixture for the spray coating,
61-Ti/TiN coating, 62-TiAlN coating, 63-Ni-based diamond grinding coating, 631-diamond abrasive grains,
7-workpiece, 71-chip
8-first positioning bolt, 9-second positioning bolt.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 8, a modular milling and grinding combined machining tool comprises a tool base body 1 and a tool section 3, wherein a counter bore 11 used for being matched with a tool clamping system is formed in the top of the tool base body 1, a plurality of tool section clamps 2 are uniformly arranged around the tool base body 1, a limiting groove 23 extending in a vertical plane in an inclined manner is formed in each tool section clamp 2, and the tool section 3 is fixed in the limiting groove 23.
And the cutter base body 1 and the tool bar clamp 2 are provided with a cooling and lubricating channel for cooling liquid to pass through.
As shown in fig. 6-7, the surface of the rake face 3a of the blade bar 3 is sequentially provided with a Ti/TiN coating 61 and a TiAlN coating 62; the surface of the rear face 3b of the blade bar 3 is provided with a Ni-based diamond grinding coating 63, and diamond abrasive grains 631 are provided on the Ni-based diamond grinding coating 63.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 3, the tool base 1 is provided in a cylindrical structure, and a plurality of clamp grooves 13 are formed in the arc surface of the tool base 1 in the circumferential direction, specifically, in this embodiment, 4 clamp grooves 13 are formed and are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the tool base 1. The blade holder 2 is fixed in the holder groove 13. As a specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 3 and 5, a plurality of first threaded holes 15 are uniformly vertically formed in the tool base 1 and located in the fixture groove 13, fixture positioning holes 21 corresponding to the first threaded holes 15 are formed in the blade fixture 2, and the fixture positioning holes 21 and the first threaded holes 15 are connected in a matching manner through first positioning bolts 8, so that the blade fixture 2 is fixed in the fixture groove 13.
As a specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 1-2 and 5-6, a second threaded hole 231 is formed in the groove wall 231 on one side of the limiting groove 23, a blade positioning hole 31 corresponding to the second threaded hole 231 is formed in the blade 3, and the blade positioning hole 31 and the second threaded hole 231 are connected in a matching manner through a second positioning bolt 9, so that the blade 3 is fixed in the limiting groove 23.
Preferably, the cutter base body 1 and the tool bar clamp 2 are both made of high-speed tool steel or alloy tool steel, and have certain hardness, wear resistance, heat resistance, bending strength and impact toughness. In this embodiment, the material of the tool base 1 and the tool holder 2 is high-speed steel 9W18Cr4V or cemented carbide YG3.
As a specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 3 to 5, the counterbore 11 is opened at the top of the tool base 1, the cooling and lubricating channel includes a first cooling and lubricating channel 12 opened below the counterbore 11, a plurality of second cooling and lubricating channels 14 communicated with the first cooling and lubricating channel 12 are opened on the side wall of the tool base 1, a third cooling and lubricating channel 22 corresponding to the second cooling and lubricating channel 14 is opened on the tool holder 2, and the first cooling and lubricating channel 12, the second cooling and lubricating channel 14 and the third cooling and lubricating channel 22 together form a cooling and lubricating channel through which cooling liquid or gas can pass, and the cooling liquid or gas enters the milling area through the cooling and lubricating channel to cool, lubricate and take away chips.
Specifically, in the embodiment, the diameter and the height of the tool base 1 are 60mm and 150mm respectively, the counter bore 11 for installing the tool clamping system is 48mm, the width of the tool bar clamp 2 and the width of the clamp groove 13 are 36mm, and the height of the tool bar clamp 2 corresponds to the inclination angle of the limiting groove 23. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 11, tiltThe inclination angle of 45 degrees is 36mm, the inclination angle of 30 degrees is 63mm, and the inclination angle of 15 degrees is 135mm; the thickness of the tool section clamp 2 is 8mm, and the thickness of the tool section is 5mm. The relevant parameters of the modular milling and grinding combined machining tool can be changed according to the actual machining requirements. Such as Zhou Xishi anterior angle gamma 0 Angle of clearance α =5-20 °, angle of clearance α 0 10-20 °; gamma during end milling 0 Angle of clearance α =5-20 °, angle of clearance α 0 10-20 DEG, and a main deflection angle of K r The angle of the main declination (i.e., the angle of inclination of the tool bar 3 in the vertical plane when the tool bar 3 is in the limiting groove 23) may be changed according to actual machining requirements, so that the helix angle of the arrangement direction of all the tool bars around the tool base 1 in the space may be changed according to actual machining requirements, thereby adapting to various machining conditions, and being capable of performing contour milling and end milling. In addition, any part can be replaced in time after being damaged, and the cost is obviously reduced.
As shown in fig. 11, there are various combinations of the tool bar 3, the tool bar holder 2, and the tool base 1. When the principal declination angle is 45 °,4 tool bar holders and tool bars can be mounted on one holder groove 13 surface, and there are 3 different mounting manners, as shown in fig. 11 a. When the principal deflection angle is 30 °,2 tool holder and tool bar can be mounted on one holder groove 13 surface, and there are 2 different mounting manners, as shown in fig. 11 b. When the principal declination angle is 15 °,1 bar clamp and bar can be mounted on one clamp groove 13, as shown in fig. 11 c. When the combination mode is as shown in the 11a part and the 11b part in fig. 11, half of the cutter bars are in the reverse rotation direction, and the axial component force generated by milling can be counteracted, so that the defects of layering, tearing and the like of the advanced material in the processing process can be reduced.
A preparation method of the cutter bar coating for the modular milling composite machining cutter comprises the following steps:
the first step, sequentially forming a Ti/TiN coating and a TiAlN coating on the front tool face of the tool section in an ion plating mode.
1.1 putting the matrix cleaned by the ultrasonic into a cathode arc ion plating device, vacuumizing, starting the preparation of the cathode arc ion plating, and heating the cutter bar 3 to 450 ℃.
1.2 Pure Ti is taken as a target material, nitrogen with the partial pressure of 1.2Pa is introduced, and the Ti/TiN coating 61 is deposited on the rake face 3a of the cutter bar 3.
1.3 using TiAl as a target material, introducing nitrogen with the partial pressure of 1.2Pa, depositing a TiAlN coating 62 on the rake face 3a of the cutter bar 3, applying the current of 90-110A, biasing to 150V, and depositing for 120min.
Here, by providing the intermediate coating Ti/TiN, the bonding force between the TiAlN coating 62 and the rake face 3a of the blade bar 3 can be improved.
Second, preparation of a Ni-based diamond grinding coating 63 (shown in fig. 9),
fixing the cutter bar 3 on a cold spraying fixture 5, and putting W28 diamond particles and spherical Ni particles prepared by an air atomization method with the diameter of 15-53 mu m into a ball mill according to a certain mass ratio for mixing; the cold spray gun 4 is used, high-pressure gas of 1-3MPa is used as a power source and is connected to an air inlet 41 of the cold spray gun 4, the high-pressure gas is heated by a heater 42 of 200-600 ℃, mixed powder is input by a powder feeding pipe 44, the mixed powder is accelerated and sprayed out of the cold spray gun 4 through a De Laval nozzle 43 under the high-temperature high-pressure gas, then the mixed powder is deposited on the rear face 3b of the cutter bar 3 to form a Ni-based diamond grinding coating 63, and W28 diamond particles added in the mixed powder form diamond abrasive particles 631. The undeposited powder can be recycled.
Preferably, the coating thickness of the Ni-based diamond grinding coat 63 is 200 to 300 μm; the thickness of the coating can be adjusted according to the actual application.
Specifically, the Ni-based diamond grinding coat 63 may be a cermet coat, the hard phase abrasive grains may be cBN, diamond, or the like, and have a grain size of 240# or more, and the binder phase may be metal or alloy powder, ni, co, or the like, and have a grain size of 10 to 100 μm.
As shown in fig. 10, when the milling composite machining tool is cutting the workpiece 7, the chips 71 flow out along the rake face 3a by the cutting action of the blade bar 3, and the diamond abrasive grains 631 in the Ni-based diamond grinding coating 63 on the flank face 3b are immediately followed by removal of the residual material and the rebound material of the machined surface, thereby achieving the milling composite machining.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a modularization mills and grinds combined machining cutter which characterized in that: the tool comprises a tool base body and tool bars, wherein counter bores are formed in the top of the tool base body, a plurality of tool bar clamps are uniformly arranged around the base body, limiting grooves obliquely extending in a vertical plane are formed in the tool bar clamps, the tool bars are fixed in the limiting grooves, and a plurality of clamp grooves are formed in the circumferential direction of the cambered surface of the tool base body; the tool bar clamp is fixed in the clamp groove;
the cutter base body and the cutter bar clamp are provided with cooling and lubricating channels together;
the surface of the front tool face of the tool bar is sequentially provided with a Ti/TiN coating and a TiAlN coating; the surface of the rear cutter face of the cutter bar is provided with a Ni-based diamond grinding coating;
when the tool bars are in the limiting grooves, the inclination angle of the tool bars in the vertical plane is a main deflection angle, when the main deflection angle of the tool bars is 45 degrees, 4 tool bar clamps and tool bars can be arranged on one clamp groove surface, and half of the tool bars are in the reverse rotation direction; when the main deflection angle is 30 degrees, 2 tool bar clamps and tool bars can be arranged on the groove surface of one clamp, and half of the tool bars are in the reverse rotation direction.
2. The modular milling and grinding compound machining tool of claim 1, wherein: the cutter base body is arranged into a cylindrical structure.
3. The modular milling and grinding compound machining tool of claim 2, wherein: the tool base body is located in the clamp groove, a plurality of first threaded holes are vertically and evenly formed in the clamp groove, clamp positioning holes corresponding to the first threaded holes are formed in the tool bar clamp, and the clamp positioning holes are connected with the first threaded holes in a matched mode through first positioning bolts.
4. The modular milling and grinding compound machining tool of claim 1, wherein: and a second threaded hole is formed in the groove wall on one side of the limiting groove, a cutter bar positioning hole corresponding to the second threaded hole is formed in the cutter bar, and the cutter bar positioning hole is connected with the second threaded hole in a matched mode through a second positioning bolt.
5. The modular milling and grinding compound machine tool of claim 1, wherein: the tool bar fixture is characterized in that the counter bore is formed in the top of the tool base body, the cooling and lubricating channel comprises a first cooling and lubricating channel arranged below the counter bore, a plurality of second cooling and lubricating channels communicated with the first cooling and lubricating channel are formed in the side wall of the tool base body, and a third cooling and lubricating channel corresponding to the second cooling and lubricating channels is formed in the tool bar fixture.
6. The modular milling and grinding compound machining tool of claim 1, wherein: the cutter base body and the cutter bar clamp are both made of high-speed tool steel or alloy tool steel.
7. The modular milling and grinding compound machine tool of claim 6, wherein: the cutter base body and the tool bar clamp are made of high-speed steel 9W18Cr4V or hard alloy YG3.
8. The modular milling and grinding compound machining tool of claim 1, wherein: and diamond abrasive grains are arranged on the Ni-based diamond grinding coating.
9. A method of making a blade coating for a modular milling composite machining tool according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
firstly, sequentially depositing a Ti/TiN coating and a TiAlN coating on the rake face of the cutter bar in an ion plating mode;
secondly, preparing the Ni-based diamond grinding coating,
fixing the cutter bar on a cold spraying fixture, spraying a spraying material by using a cold spraying gun and using heated high-pressure gas as a power source, and depositing a Ni-based diamond grinding coating on a rear cutter face;
wherein the spraying material is a mixture of diamond particles and spherical Ni particles.
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| CN202111677134.3A CN114290002B (en) | 2021-12-31 | 2021-12-31 | Modularized milling and grinding combined machining tool and preparation method of tool bar coating |
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| CN202111677134.3A CN114290002B (en) | 2021-12-31 | 2021-12-31 | Modularized milling and grinding combined machining tool and preparation method of tool bar coating |
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| CN114290002B true CN114290002B (en) | 2023-03-10 |
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| CN116551431B (en) * | 2023-07-10 | 2023-09-19 | 福雷自动化设备(无锡)有限公司 | Multi-face square box working module |
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| CN109465481A (en) * | 2018-12-07 | 2019-03-15 | 西安交通大学 | A kind of monoblock type milling cutter with self cooling and lubrication structure |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6773209B2 (en) * | 2002-05-31 | 2004-08-10 | Kennametal Inc. | Helical insert and cutter bodies |
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2021
- 2021-12-31 CN CN202111677134.3A patent/CN114290002B/en active Active
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1196987A (en) * | 1997-04-18 | 1998-10-28 | 桑德维克公司 | Cutting inserts for side milling cutter and side milling cutter comprising such cutting inserts |
| CN101285187A (en) * | 2008-05-15 | 2008-10-15 | 西北工业大学 | Method for preparing particulate reinforced metal-based composite material |
| CN105121079A (en) * | 2013-03-29 | 2015-12-02 | 株式会社中田制作所 | Helical blade cutter |
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| CN114290002A (en) | 2022-04-08 |
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