CN114289928B - Plasma surfacing method - Google Patents
Plasma surfacing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114289928B CN114289928B CN202111682016.1A CN202111682016A CN114289928B CN 114289928 B CN114289928 B CN 114289928B CN 202111682016 A CN202111682016 A CN 202111682016A CN 114289928 B CN114289928 B CN 114289928B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention provides a plasma surfacing method, which comprises a base material, a first auxiliary material, a second auxiliary material and a third auxiliary material, wherein the base material is a material main body, the first auxiliary material can improve the corrosion resistance of the material, the second auxiliary material can improve the hardness of the material, and the third auxiliary material can refine the grains of the material; the base material, the first auxiliary material, the second auxiliary material and the third auxiliary material are 0.28-0.30% of the first auxiliary material, 1.08-1.15% of the second auxiliary material and 0.05-0.10% of the third auxiliary material according to the mass percentage, and the balance is the base material; the plasma arc generated by the high-voltage high-current equipment can quickly and fully melt the surfacing materials formed by mixing various components, can greatly improve the linear speed of a molten pool formed on the surface of a workpiece, has larger welding width, and can form a high plasma arc column, so that the repair efficiency of the surface of the workpiece can be improved by times, the surface performance of the workpiece is improved, and meanwhile, the effects of energy conservation, material conservation and environmental protection are achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plasma overlaying, in particular to a plasma overlaying method.
Background
The traditional chromium electroplating process has the advantages of good finish, high hardness, strong wear resistance and corrosion resistance, etc., but can cause serious environmental pollution. In recent years, along with the improvement of ecological concepts, environmental protection and sustainable development consciousness, the society industry is gradually changed from the traditional pollution control concept into the pollution prevention concept, and the chromium electroplating has become a chronic disease for restricting the construction of environment-friendly society in China. The method is characterized in that the chromium electroplating process is eliminated by the national strong export relevant policy and regulation, and meanwhile, the special stand of the science and technology department takes the green surface treatment technology for replacing the chromium electroplating as the national key research and development plan.
In view of this, the skilled person has been studied for many years to successfully develop a plasma cladding technique capable of replacing electroplating. The plasma cladding technology, also called as plasma surfacing technology, is that in a pure argon environment, a plasma arc generated by a plasma arc welding gun is utilized to spray the metal surface of a workpiece to be welded to form a molten pool, then a special cladding material is fed into the molten pool through a feeding device and melted, meanwhile, the workpiece to be welded moves, and the molten pool moves along with the workpiece, so that the cladding material is melted and piled up to form compact metallurgical combination with the workpiece. However, the conventional plasma cladding technology still has many problems, because the conventional plasma equipment adopts lower power supply voltage to carry out cladding operation, the generated arc column is shorter, the operation speed is low, the welding width is small, the powder of cladding materials is easy to generate insufficient melting and the like, and further the product performance is greatly reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a plasma surfacing method with high linear speed, large welding width and sufficient material melting of molten pool.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows: the invention provides a plasma surfacing material which comprises a base material, a first auxiliary material, a second auxiliary material and a third auxiliary material, wherein the base material is a material main body, the first auxiliary material can improve the corrosion resistance of the material, the second auxiliary material can improve the hardness of the material, and the third auxiliary material can refine material grains; the base material, the first auxiliary material, the second auxiliary material and the third auxiliary material are 0.28-0.30% of the first auxiliary material, 1.08-1.15% of the second auxiliary material and 0.05-0.10% of the third auxiliary material according to mass percentage, and the balance is the base material.
In the above aspect, preferably, the base material is ferrite.
Still more preferably, the substrate comprises Cr:18% -19%, mn:0.18% -0.35%, ni:3% -3.3% and Co:0.3% -0.4% and the balance of Fe element.
Still more preferably, the first auxiliary material is Nb.
Based on the above technical scheme, preferably, the second auxiliary material is Mo.
On the basis of the technical scheme, preferably, the third auxiliary material is V.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a plasma surfacing method, which adopts the surfacing material and comprises the following steps of,
firstly, preheating a blank to be surfacing and surfacing materials;
step two, presetting surfacing parameters and a welding gun moving path on surfacing equipment, loading preheated surfacing materials into feeding equipment, and performing surfacing operation on blanks by using a welding gun;
and thirdly, carrying out fine grinding and shaping on the blank.
On the basis of the technical scheme, preferably, in the second step, when the surfacing parameters are preset, the current reaches 400A and the voltage reaches 40V when the power supply of the surfacing equipment operates.
Still further preferably, in the second step, the build-up welding device includes a welding gun and a refrigerator, the welding gun includes a tungsten electrode and a sheath, the tungsten electrode is used for generating a plasma arc column, the sheath is sleeved on the tungsten electrode, the sheath is hollow and is provided with a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe in a communicating manner, the refrigerator is used for conveying cooling water to the sheath, the refrigerator is provided with an output end and a reflux end, and the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are respectively communicated with the output end and the reflux end.
Compared with the prior art, the plasma surfacing method has the following beneficial effects:
the invention adopts the plasma arc generated by high-voltage high-current equipment, can quickly and fully melt the surfacing material formed by mixing various components, can greatly improve the linear speed of forming a molten pool on the surface of a workpiece, has larger welding width, forms a higher plasma arc column, can improve the repair efficiency of the surface of the workpiece by times, improves the surface performance of the workpiece, and has the effects of energy conservation, material conservation and environmental protection.
Description of the embodiments
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will clearly and fully describe the technical aspects of the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The invention relates to a plasma surfacing material which comprises a base material, a first auxiliary material, a second auxiliary material and a third auxiliary material.
Wherein the base material is a material main body, the base material is ferrite and comprises elements Cr, mn, ni and Co and also comprises Fe. Ferrite is an interstitial solid solution of carbon dissolved in alpha-Fe, commonly denoted by symbol F. It has a body centered cubic lattice, has a very low carbon dissolution capacity, and can only dissolve 0.0008% of carbon at normal temperature, and has a maximum carbon dissolution capacity of 0.02% at 727 ℃. The pure ferrite structure has good plasticity and toughness, but the strength and hardness are low; the cold work hardening is slow, and the drawing with larger reduction ratio can be born, but the tensile strength of the finished steel wire is difficult to exceed 1200MPa. Because ferrite has extremely low carbon content, the performance of the ferrite is similar to that of pure iron, the plasticity and the toughness are good, and the elongation delta=45-50%. The strength, hardness is lower, σb≡250MPa, and hbs=80. The addition of element Co to ferrite can improve the high temperature red hardness of the build-up welding material.
The first auxiliary material is element Nb, so that the corrosion resistance of the material at high temperature can be improved, and the performance reduction of the surfacing material during plasma surfacing operation is avoided.
The second auxiliary material is Mo, so that the hardness of the material can be improved.
And the third auxiliary material is element V which can refine grains of the material.
The surfacing material of the invention is a material mainly comprising ferrite stainless steel, has economical practicability relative to nickel-based main alloy, cobalt-based main alloy and the like, and is suitable for large-scale manufacture and use; in order to solve the defects of low hardness and easy cracking of austenitic stainless steel powder, the company develops a material mainly comprising ferrite, and a small amount of Nb, special corrosion-resistant metal element Mo and grain-refining element V are added into the material, so that the surfacing material has the special high hardness of partial martensite, difficult cracking and corrosion resistance, realizes the characteristics of wear resistance and corrosion resistance under the condition of high temperature in a friction state, and is suitable for wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant working condition places such as plungers, rollers and the like.
The plasma surfacing material comprises the following components in percentage by mass,
Cr：18%，Mn：0.18%，Ni：3%，Co：0.3%，
nb:0.28%, mo:1.08% and V:0.05% and the balance of Fe element.
In the embodiment, the content of Fe element is 77.11%, and the proportion of each auxiliary material element in the total mass is moderate. Therefore, the surface Rockwell hardness of the cladding layer formed by the surfacing method of the surfacing material in the embodiment is HRC53, and compared with the 212 stainless steel material, the room temperature wear resistance of the cladding layer is 3 times that of the 212 stainless steel, and the high temperature wear resistance of the cladding layer is 2.5 times that of the 212 stainless steel.
Example 2
The invention relates to a plasma surfacing material which comprises the following components in percentage by mass,
Cr：19%，Mn：0.35%，Ni：3.3%，Co：0.4%，Fe：74.7%，
nb:0.28%, mo:1.08% and V:0.05% and the balance of carbon element.
In this example, the content of Fe element was higher and the ratio of each auxiliary material element to Fe element was smaller than in example 1. Therefore, the surface Rockwell hardness of the cladding layer formed by the surfacing method of the surfacing material in the embodiment is HRC51, and compared with the 212 stainless steel material, the room temperature wear resistance of the cladding layer is 2 times that of the 212 stainless steel, and the high temperature wear resistance of the cladding layer is 1.5 times that of the 212 stainless steel.
Example 3
The invention relates to a plasma surfacing material which comprises the following components in percentage by mass,
Cr：19%，Mn：0.35%，Ni：3.3%，Co：0.4%，
nb:0.30%, mo:1.15% and V:0.10 percent and the balance of Fe element.
In this example, the content of Fe element was lower and the ratio of each auxiliary material element to Fe element was larger than in example 1. Therefore, the surface Rockwell hardness of the cladding layer formed by the surfacing material in the embodiment by the surfacing method is HRC54, and compared with the 212 stainless steel material, the room temperature wear resistance of the cladding layer is 4 times that of the 212 stainless steel, and the high temperature wear resistance of the cladding layer is 3 times that of the 212 stainless steel.
Example 4
The invention relates to a plasma surfacing method, which adopts the surfacing material of the embodiment 3, comprising the following steps,
step one, preheating a blank to be overlaid and an overlaying material.
Step two, presetting build-up welding parameters and a welding gun moving path on build-up welding equipment, wherein the current reaches 400A and the voltage reaches 40V when a power supply of the build-up welding equipment is set to run; and then loading the preheated surfacing material into a feeding device, and performing surfacing operation on the blank by using a welding gun. The plasma build-up welding technology uses plasma arc as heat source, and utilizes the high temperature produced by plasma arc to quickly heat and melt, mix, diffuse and solidify alloy powder and matrix surface together, and self-excited cooling is implemented after the plasma beam is separated from the matrix to form a high-performance cladding layer which is metallurgically combined with the matrix, so that the wear-resisting, corrosion-resisting and oxidation-resisting properties of matrix surface are improved, and finally the build-up welding technology for strengthening matrix surface is implemented. Therefore, the plasma arc powder surfacing process is a local rapid heating and cooling process, in the complex process, surfacing materials are a key factor affecting the structure and performance of a surfacing cladding layer, and the service capacity of the cladding layer under various working conditions is determined, so the core of the technology is that the surfacing materials are adopted.
In order to match with the use of the surfacing material, the arc voltage adopted by the center of the technology exceeds the conventional one and reaches 40V at the highest, so Gao Huzhu is pulled, the material powder is melted at the middle and lower parts of an arc column and is quickly fused with a matrix, and the surfacing layer is fully metallurgically bonded due to high current intensity and reaches 400A at the highest, so that compared with the conventional plasma cladding technology, the invention has the advantages of no air hole and slag inclusion.
Meanwhile, because the plasma arc voltage and current are higher, the formation of a molten pool is quick and sufficient, the welding gun has extremely quick linear speed when moving, is generally more than 1200mm/min, has larger welding width, is generally about 5mm, and has high arc column height, thereby having the characteristics of rapidness and high efficiency. The high-speed plasma overlaying can form a molten pool, is fully liquefied and melted, has uniform hardness distribution, is thorough in exhaust scum, is easy to operate and can easily obtain a relatively perfect integral cladding layer, and compared with the traditional plasma cladding technology, the high-speed plasma overlaying has obvious advantages due to low cost.
Specifically, the build-up welding equipment comprises a welding gun and a refrigerator, wherein the welding gun comprises a tungsten electrode and a sheath, the tungsten electrode is used for generating a plasma arc column, the sheath is sleeved on the tungsten electrode, the sheath is hollow and is provided with a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe which are communicated with each other, the refrigerator is used for conveying cooling water to the sheath and is provided with an output end and a reflux end, and the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are respectively communicated with the output end and the reflux end. Cooling water is conveyed into the sheath through the independent fluorine refrigerator, so that the tungsten electrode is cooled rapidly and directly, the arc column height of an electric arc is improved, material powder is fully melted in the electric arc, and rapid and efficient surfacing cladding is realized.
And thirdly, performing fine grinding and shaping on the blank to reach the use standard.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. A plasma surfacing method is characterized in that: comprises the steps of,
firstly, preheating a blank to be surfacing and surfacing materials; the surfacing material comprises a base material, a first auxiliary material, a second auxiliary material and a third auxiliary material, wherein the base material is a material main body, the first auxiliary material can improve the corrosion resistance of the material, the second auxiliary material can improve the hardness of the material, and the third auxiliary material can refine material grains; the base material, the first auxiliary material, the second auxiliary material and the third auxiliary material comprise, by mass, 0.28% -0.30% of the first auxiliary material, 1.08% -1.15% of the second auxiliary material, 0.05% -0.10% of the third auxiliary material and the balance of the base material; the base material is ferrite and comprises Cr in percentage by mass: 18% -19%, mn:0.18% -0.35%, ni:3% -3.3% and Co:0.3% -0.4%, and the balance being Fe element; the first auxiliary material is Nb; the second auxiliary material is Mo; the third auxiliary material is V;
step two, presetting a build-up welding parameter and a welding gun moving path on build-up welding equipment, wherein when the build-up welding parameter is preset, the current of the build-up welding equipment is 400A, the voltage is 40V, the welding gun moving linear speed is greater than 1200mm/min, and the welding width is 5mm; loading the preheated surfacing material into a feeding device, and then performing surfacing operation on the blank by using a welding gun, and raising an arc column during welding;
and thirdly, carrying out fine grinding and shaping on the blank.
2. A method of plasma surfacing as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the second step, the surfacing equipment comprises a welding gun and a refrigerator, wherein the welding gun comprises a tungsten electrode and a sheath, the tungsten electrode is used for generating a plasma arc column, the sheath is sleeved on the tungsten electrode, the sheath is hollow and is communicated with a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe, the refrigerator is used for conveying cooling water to the sheath and is provided with an output end and a reflux end, and the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are respectively communicated with the output end and the reflux end.
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| CN100371489C (en) * | 2006-04-06 | 2008-02-27 | 于风福 | Abrasion-resistant alloy material |
| CN101439445B (en) * | 2007-11-19 | 2010-09-15 | 益阳橡胶塑料机械集团有限公司 | Hard-face overlaying welding material and use thereof |
| CN102744532A (en) * | 2011-04-19 | 2012-10-24 | 王新虎 | Iron-based abrasion resisting and reducing surfacing flux-cored wire |
| JP5757466B2 (en) * | 2011-08-12 | 2015-07-29 | 大同特殊鋼株式会社 | Filler material and overlay metal member using the same |
| CN102357750B (en) * | 2011-09-21 | 2013-05-22 | 于风福 | Flux-cored wire bead welding material |
| CN102909487A (en) * | 2012-10-29 | 2013-02-06 | 海门市威菱焊材制造有限公司 | Cast pipe die surfacing welding wire |
| CN109570915B (en) * | 2018-11-05 | 2021-01-12 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Machining device for large hydrostatic bearing and bearing machining method using machining device |
| CN110560858B (en) * | 2019-09-11 | 2022-04-01 | 辽宁科技大学 | Method for producing composite cutter blank by applying plasma surfacing process |
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