CN114285285A - Novel wide-voltage gain direct-current transformer based on T-shaped bridge and double transformers - Google Patents
Novel wide-voltage gain direct-current transformer based on T-shaped bridge and double transformers Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a novel wide-voltage-gain direct-current converter based on a T-shaped half bridge and a double transformer, and relates to the technical field of voltage conversion devices. Combines the advantages of T-shaped bridge arm and double transformers to provide a wide voltage gain
The new topology of low loss operation is maintained. By controlling the access state of the transformer when different voltage gains are obtained, the current stress and the current effective value of the equivalent inductor are effectively reduced. A T-shaped bridge arm is adopted on the primary side of the topology, and further more possibilities are provided for efficiency optimization. The invention can form various forms of voltage transformation ratios by the combination of different working modes of the original secondary side, and selects the optimal topology for working by the adaptation of different voltage gains and voltage transformation ratios, thereby obviously reducing the current stress of the converter. The invention adopts hysteresis characteristics to carry out mode switching, avoids the problem of jitter when the input voltage fluctuates at the critical switching point, and has wide rangeThe application range is wide.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of direct current conversion devices, in particular to a direct current transformer with a wide voltage change range, and belongs to the technical field of direct current transformer topologies.
Background
In a direct current system including a photovoltaic system, a fuel cell system, an electric vehicle and the like, a grid-side bus voltage is relatively constant, and a source-side or load-side direct current port has a wide operating voltage range, so that a direct current converter which is suitable for a wide voltage operating range is required to realize the overall efficient operation of the system.
The Dual Active Bridge (DAB) converter has the advantages of electrical isolation, power bidirectional regulation and the like, and becomes one of the high-power dc converter topologies which are concerned, but the DAB converter has the limitation of low operating efficiency in a wide voltage range or a light load. When the voltage difference between two ends of the DAB equivalent inductor is larger, the peak value and the effective value of the inductor current are increased, and the efficiency of the direct current converter can be improved by adjusting the voltage adaptation ratio to be close to the unit adaptation ratio when the voltage gain is changed in a large range.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a novel direct current transformer, so that the direct current transformer can still run efficiently under a wider voltage variation range, and the application of the direct current transformer under the wide voltage range is realized.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the input side of the direct current converter topology is formed by connecting 3T-shaped bridge arms and is connected with the output side through two transformers, and two bidirectional switches for limiting backflow power are additionally arranged on the output side on the basis of a traditional H bridge. Bridge arm S to be connected with node a of the invention11、G1、S12Is named as B1Bridge arm, by analogy there is B2、B3、B4、B5. The transformation ratios of the two transformers are respectively nT1、nT2。
The further technical scheme is as follows: the maximum voltage borne by two ends of the three bidirectional switches of the primary side T-shaped bridge arm is only half of the input voltage, so that the three bidirectional switches are low-voltage switches. Two bidirectional switches are additionally arranged in the H bridge on the secondary side of the direct current converter and are used for cutting off the backflow power of the transformer branch which does not work.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the primary sides of the two transformers are connected in series, and the secondary sides are connected in parallel.
The further technical scheme is as follows: when the topology operates, the 3T-shaped bridge arms on the primary side are always in a state that two bridge arms are connected and one bridge arm is disconnected, and three working modes are adopted.
The further technical scheme is as follows: mode 1 Primary side pass through B1、B2The bridge arm is connected with the transformer 1; mode 2 Primary side pass through B2、B3The bridge arm is connected with the transformer 2; mode 3 Primary side pass through B1、B3The bridge arm is connected with the two transformers; the secondary sides of the three working modes are connected with the output side through an H bridge.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the transformer access states in the three working modes are different, and the equivalent transformation ratios of the circuit are respectively the transformer 1 transformation ratio, the transformer 2 transformation ratio, and the transformer 1 transformation ratio plus the transformer 2 transformation ratio.
The further technical scheme is as follows: different working modes are selected, and the range of the voltage matching ratio near the unit matching ratio is widened. 3 different working modes can be conducted by controlling the switch.
The further technical scheme is as follows: when the transformation ratios of the two transformers are the same, the working mode 1 and the working mode 2 are completely the same, and the reliability of the direct current converter can be improved as mutual redundant modes.
The further technical scheme is as follows: the mode of the direct current transformer can be switched in real time according to different voltage gains. The hysteresis characteristic is adopted to control the magnitude of the switching voltage, and when the switching mode is switched from a low-gain mode to a high-gain mode, the switching voltage is higher than a switching critical point; when switching from the high-gain mode to the low-gain mode, the switching voltage is lower than the switching critical point. The problem of frequent mode switching jitter caused by voltage gain fluctuation at a mode switching critical point is avoided.
The topology effectively improves the voltage gain at n by selecting different working modesT1、nT2、nT1+nT2Nearby efficiency.
Further advantages are: the system can pass through the middle bridge arm G1，G2，G3The full range of conduction of (1) improves efficiency at different voltage gains. The primary sides of the three modes of the topology are all T-shaped half-bridges, which brings two advantages, on one hand, for high input voltage, the topology can work by using a low-voltage switch with better performance, and the loss of a switching tube can be obviously reduced; on the other hand, the multilevel structure has more degrees of freedom of control, so thatThe control optimization becomes more flexible.
By adopting the technical scheme, the beneficial effects are as follows:
1. the invention applies the double transformers to the direct current transformer, selects working modes under different input voltages by using topology reconstruction, and enables the voltage matching ratio to be equivalent to operate near the unit matching ratio all the time, thereby reducing the voltage difference at two ends of the inductor and improving the efficiency.
2. The primary side of the invention adopts a T-shaped bridge arm, the primary side AC side can generate multi-level voltage waveform, the control freedom degree is increased, the control optimization becomes more flexible, and the system efficiency is convenient to optimize when the voltage changes.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of the topology of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of the working mode 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of the working mode 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of the working mode 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a control method according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a steady state waveform of three modes of operation according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph of measured efficiency according to the present invention;
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment is a bridge arm S to be connected to a node a11、G1、S12Is named as B1Bridge arm, by analogy there is B2、B3、B4、B5. At run time, B1～B3The bridge is always in a state that two bridge arms are connected and one bridge arm is disconnected, and the bridge can be divided into three working modes.
As shown in fig. 2, when the voltage gain is at nT1When nearby, the operation mode 1 is operated, and the operation mode comprises the following steps:
step 1: b is1、B2And transformer T1Work, T2Is disconnected while G5On, G4Is disconnected to cut off T2The return path of (a).
Step 2: topological primary side is passed through S11、S12、S21、S22、G1、G2Equivalent leakage inductance and transformer T1The primary side is connected.
And step 3: the secondary side of the transformer passes through S41、S42、S51、S52Connected to the output side.
As shown in fig. 3, when the voltage gain is at nT2When nearby, the operation mode 2 operates, and the mode comprises the following steps:
step 1: b is2、B3Bridge and transformer T2Work, T1Is disconnected while G4On, G5And (5) disconnecting.
Step 2: topological primary side is passed through S21、S22、S31、S32、G2、G3Equivalent leakage inductance and transformer T2The primary side is connected.
And step 3: the secondary side of the transformer passes through S41、S42、S51、S52Connected to the output side.
As shown in fig. 4, when the voltage gain is at nT1+nT2When nearby, the operation mode 3 operates, which includes the steps of:
step 1: b is1、B3Bridge operation, transformer T1、T2And accessing at the same time. G4，G5Are both in the on state.
Step 2: topological primary side is passed through S11、S12、S31、S32、G1、G3Equivalent leakage inductance and transformer T2The primary side is connected.
And step 3: the secondary side of the transformer passes through S41、S42、S51、S52Connected to the output side.
The control method shown in fig. 5 is schematically a control method for operation in the operation mode 1, and other modes are the same as the principle. Wherein the upper bridge arm S11At turn-on vaoAt a high level, the lower arm S12At turn-on vaoAt a low level, the middle bridge arm G1At turn-on vaoIs at zero level.
This embodiment defines a half period as ThsFrom vao(t) the waveform shows that S is within one period11、S12On-time of d1Ths。G1Every d1ThsConducting (1-d)1)ThsAnd is turned on twice per cycle. B is2Principle of bridge conduction and B1Bridge unity, phase lag B1Bridge (1-d)2)ThsWherein d is1＞d2，d1+d2＜1。
The side conduction principle of the secondary side is controlled by single phase shift S41、S42、S51、S52Each bridge arm is conducted for a half period, the duty ratio of the control pulse is 0.5, and the control signals of the upper switch and the lower switch of the same bridge arm are complementary. d3Is a moving phase ratio and d3Is less than 0.5. V under the controlab(t)、vdeAnd (t) waveforms are respectively a symmetrical five-level waveform and a two-level waveform.
Switch S in experimental prototype11、S12、S21、S22、S31、S32、S41、S42、S51、S52、G1、G2、G3、G4、G5Are all SiC MOSFETs, it is noted that for G1、G2、G3、G4、G5A more economical low voltage bi-directional switch may also be selected.
As shown in fig. 6, this example verifies the applicability of the invention by experimental prototype. The experimental parameters are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
FIG. 6(a) shows a set of waveforms selected for operating mode 1, where the primary voltage u of the transformer isabFive-level waveform stabilizationAt +/-150V, +/-75V, 0V, secondary side voltage udeThe two-level waveform is stabilized at +/-250V, and the inductive current iLThe maximum value is 18A.
FIG. 6(b) shows a set of waveforms selected for operating mode 2, where the primary voltage u of the transformer isbcFive-level waveforms are respectively stabilized at +/-300V, +/-150V and 0V, and secondary side voltage udeThe two-level waveform is stabilized at +/-250V, and the inductive current iLThe maximum value is 12A.
FIG. 6(c) shows a set of waveforms selected for operating mode 3, where the primary voltage u of the transformer isacFive-level waveforms are respectively stabilized at +/-450V, +/-225V and 0V, and secondary side voltage udeThe two-level waveform is stabilized at +/-250V, and the inductive current iLThe maximum value is 6A.
FIG. 7 shows the measured efficiency curve of the experimental prototype. It can be seen from the figure that there is a voltage switching margin of up and down 10V at the modal switching using the hysteresis principle. Highest efficiency is at 2V in working modein97.66% is obtained under 275V, and the lowest efficiency point is at 3V in working modein93.7% was obtained at 500V. It can be seen that the topology still has a high transmission efficiency over a wide voltage range.
It should be noted that the power electronic switching device used is not limited to the MOSFET used in the embodiment. The phase shift control waveform is not limited to the exemplary waveform shown in fig. 5.
Claims (8)
1. A wide voltage type direct current transformer is characterized in that: the input side is formed by connecting 3T-shaped bridge arms and is connected with the output side through two transformers, and two bidirectional switches for limiting backflow power are additionally arranged on the output side on the basis of a traditional H bridge.
2. The wide voltage type direct current transformer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the primary sides of the two transformers are connected in series, and the secondary sides are connected in parallel.
3. The wide voltage type direct current transformer according to claim 2, characterized in that: when the topology operates, the 3T-shaped bridge arms on the primary side are always in two-bridge-arm work, and one bridge arm is in a disconnected state, so that three working modes are adopted.
4. A wide voltage type direct current transformer as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the transformer access states in the three working modes are different, and the equivalent transformation ratios of the circuit are respectively the transformer 1 transformation ratio, the transformer 2 transformation ratio, and the transformer 1 transformation ratio plus the transformer 2 transformation ratio.
5. The wide voltage type direct current transformer according to claim 4, characterized in that: the two transformers have the same transformation ratio, two working modes of the three working modes are completely the same, and the two working modes can be used as mutual redundant modes to improve the reliability of the direct current converter.
6. The wide voltage type direct current transformer according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: different working modes are selected to widen the proper proportion of the direct-current voltage
In the range around the unit matching ratio.
7. The wide voltage type direct current transformer according to claim 6, characterized in that: the direct current transformer can switch the adaptive working mode according to different voltage gains.
8. The wide voltage type direct current transformer according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: the hysteresis characteristic is adopted to control the magnitude of the switching voltage, when the switching mode is switched from a low-voltage gain mode to a high-voltage gain mode, the switching voltage is higher than the switching critical point, and when the switching mode is switched from the high-gain mode to the low-gain mode, the switching voltage is lower than the switching critical point, so that the problem of frequent mode switching jitter caused by the fluctuation of the voltage gain at the mode switching critical point is avoided.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117458888A (en) * | 2023-12-21 | 2024-01-26 | 湖北工业大学 | Optimal control method under double active bridge expansion phase shifting mode |
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