CN114278936A - Staged combustion method and system for gaseous fuel - Google Patents
Staged combustion method and system for gaseous fuel Download PDFInfo
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- CN114278936A CN114278936A CN202111653962.3A CN202111653962A CN114278936A CN 114278936 A CN114278936 A CN 114278936A CN 202111653962 A CN202111653962 A CN 202111653962A CN 114278936 A CN114278936 A CN 114278936A
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Images
Abstract
The invention discloses a staged combustion method and a staged combustion system for gaseous fuel, which comprise the following steps: s1, dividing the hearth into 1-n-level combustion areas, communicating the combustion areas of all levels, and controlling the 1-level combustion area to be in a negative pressure state; s2, continuously feeding gaseous fuel and 1-time air into the 1-stage combustion area, forming a one-way spiral flame in the 1-stage combustion area, wherein the one-way spiral flame flows from the 1-stage combustion area to the n-stage combustion area, and controlling the flow rates of the gaseous fuel and the 1-time air through a mass flow meter; s3, sending the 2-time to n-time wind into the 2-level to n-level combustion area in sequence one-to-one correspondence, and controlling the flow of the 2-time to n-time wind through a mass flow meter; by carrying out insufficient combustion in the 1-level combustion area, the temperature of the combustor area can be effectively reduced, and the generation of thermal nitrogen oxides is controlled from the source; through multistage burning, carry out the flue gas in more combustion area and burn back, can effectively reduce carminative pollutant emission.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel combustion, in particular to a staged combustion method and a staged combustion system for gaseous fuel.
Background
The main components of the liquefied petroleum gas are propane, butane and other alkanes. Because of the advantages of high calorific value, no smoke dust, no carbon residue, convenient operation and use and the like, the liquefied petroleum gas as a gaseous fuel is widely applied in the fields of people's life, metal cutting, agricultural product baking, industrial kiln baking and the like, and therefore, the development of the research and development of the high-efficiency low-nitrogen clean staged combustion technology of the liquefied petroleum gas is one of the important links of key breakthroughs in the green low-carbon technology.
The combustor is a key part of combustion, is used for mixing and organizing combustion of gaseous fuel and combustion-supporting gas, directly determines three-field distribution of temperature, concentration and speed of a combustion area, and further influences reliability and stability of a combustion process and generation and emission of pollutants.
However, the burners in the prior art generally adopt a primary air supply combustion mode, which mainly ensures sufficient combustion by setting a large excess air coefficient, resulting in high combustion temperature and large area of the burners, and further easily generating more incomplete combustion products and a large amount of thermal nitrogen oxides.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a staged combustion method and a staged combustion system for gaseous fuel, which aim to solve the technical problems that in the prior art, a combustion mode of primary air supply needs a larger excess air coefficient, so that more incomplete combustion products and a large amount of thermal nitrogen oxides are generated.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention specifically provides the following technical scheme:
a method of staged combustion of a gaseous fuel comprising the steps of:
s1, dividing the hearth into 1-n-level combustion areas, communicating the combustion areas of all levels, and controlling the 1-level combustion area to be in a negative pressure state;
s2, continuously feeding gaseous fuel and 1-time air into the 1-stage combustion area, forming a one-way spiral flame in the 1-stage combustion area, wherein the one-way spiral flame flows from the 1-stage combustion area to the n-stage combustion area, and controlling the flow rates of the gaseous fuel and the 1-time air through a mass flow meter;
and S3, sending the 2-time wind to the 2-level to n-level combustion areas in a one-to-one correspondence mode according to the sequence, and controlling the flow of the 2-time wind to n-time wind through a mass flow meter.
As a preferable aspect of the present invention, after step S3, the method further includes:
step S4: and detecting smoke discharged from the n-stage combustion area, and then adjusting the flow of the gaseous fuel, the 1 wind and the 2-n wind.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, when n is more than or equal to 3 in n times of wind, the proportion among 1 time of wind, 2 times of wind and 3 times of wind is as follows: 0-0.33: 0-0.30: 0.39-1.00.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the gaseous fuel contains at least one of liquefied petroleum gas, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane, ethane, and propane.
As a preferable aspect of the present invention, in step S2, the excess air ratio of the class 1 combustion zone is 1.1855-1.6234.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the maximum combustion temperature in the stage 1-n combustion zone does not exceed 1200 deg.C, preferably 1055-.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the temperature range of the combustion in the hearth is 840-1161 ℃.
As a preferable scheme of the present invention, in step S4, the flue gas includes carbon monoxide, methane, acetylene, and ethylene, and the concentrations of the components are: 0-0.31% of carbon monoxide, 0-0.03% of methane, 0-0.02% of acetylene and 0-0.01% of ethylene.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the emission concentration range of the nitrogen oxides in the hearth is 24-40mg/m3。
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the emission concentration is in the range of 3% to 7.34% and decreases linearly with increasing liquefied petroleum gas flow.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention further provides the following technical solutions:
a staged combustion system for gaseous fuel comprising:
the furnace chamber is provided with a 1-n-stage combustion area, and a cyclone burner is arranged in the 1-stage combustion area;
combustion-supporting gas supply means for supplying 1-time to n-time air flows into the 1-stage to n-stage combustion area in order;
and a gaseous fuel supply unit for providing gaseous fuel to the stage 1 combustion zone and driving the gaseous fuel to flow from the stage 1 combustion zone towards the stage n combustion zone.
As a preferable aspect of the present invention, the present invention further includes:
the at least two on-duty flame units are respectively arranged at two ends of the hearth and are used for extinguishing combustion areas of each stage of the hearth at different times;
the smoke analysis unit is used for detecting smoke discharged from the n-stage combustion area;
and the control unit is used for adjusting the combustion-supporting gas supply unit and the gaseous fuel supply unit according to the analysis result of the flue gas analysis unit.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the cyclone burner is provided with a combustion chamber cavity with a circular cross section;
the combustion chamber cavity has a plurality of inlets, and the inlets are tangential to a cross-sectional circle of the combustion chamber cavity.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the combustion-supporting gas supply unit comprises 1-n sleeves, the 1-n sleeves are sleeved on the 1-stage-n-stage combustion area in a one-to-one correspondence manner according to the sequence, and the 1-n sleeves are communicated with the 1-stage-n-stage combustion area through spray pipes;
the nozzles communicating with the stage 1 combustion zone are connected to the inlet of the combustion chamber, and the remaining nozzles are perpendicular to the direction from the stage 1 combustion zone to the stage n combustion zone.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention divides the hearth into 1-n-grade combustion areas, then forms unidirectional spiral flame, and further enables gaseous fuel to carry out multi-grade combustion by adding combustion-supporting gas in a grading manner in the movement process of the unidirectional spiral flame;
according to the invention, incomplete combustion is carried out in the 1-level combustion area, so that the temperature of the combustor area can be effectively reduced, and the generation of thermal nitrogen oxides is controlled from the source;
the invention can carry out flue gas back combustion in more combustion areas through multi-stage combustion, and can effectively reduce the pollutant emission of exhaust.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It should be apparent that the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and that other embodiments can be derived from the drawings provided by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a side view of a furnace of a combustion system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a cyclone burner in the combustion system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an illustration of the air distribution ratio of 1-3 winds for the combustion method described in the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the combustion temperature of 1-3 winds for the combustion process described in the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of NOx emissions from 1-3 winds for the combustion process described in the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of incomplete combustion product emissions from 1 to 3 winds for the combustion process described in the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph of oxygen emissions from 1 to 3 winds for the combustion process described in the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic flow diagram of a combustion process described in the present invention.
The reference numerals in the drawings denote the following, respectively:
1. a hearth; 2. a cyclone burner; 3. a combustion chamber cavity; 4. a sleeve; 5. a nozzle; 6. a flue gas analysis unit; 7. a flame unit on duty; 8. a mass flow meter; 9. a mass flow meter; 10. a combustion-supporting gas supply unit; 11. a gaseous fuel supply unit.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 3 to 8, the present invention provides a method for staged combustion of a gaseous fuel, characterized by comprising the steps of:
s1, dividing the hearth 1 into 1-n-level combustion areas, communicating the combustion areas, and controlling the 1-level combustion area to be in a negative pressure state;
s2, continuously feeding gaseous fuel and 1-time air into the 1-stage combustion area, forming a one-way spiral flame in the 1-stage combustion area, wherein the one-way spiral flame flows from the 1-stage combustion area to the n-stage combustion area, and controlling the flow rates of the gaseous fuel and the 1-time air through a mass flow meter;
and S3, sending the 2-time wind to the 2-level to n-level combustion areas in a one-to-one correspondence mode according to the sequence, and controlling the flow of the 2-time wind to n-time wind through a mass flow meter.
Further, after step S3, the method further includes:
step S4: and detecting smoke discharged from the n-stage combustion area, and then adjusting the flow of the gaseous fuel, the 1 wind and the 2-n wind.
Further, the optimal combustion working condition range of the proportion of the three-level combustion of the combustion air is as follows: when n in n times of wind is more than or equal to 3, the proportion among the 1 time of wind, the 2 times of wind and the 3 times of wind is as follows: 0-0.33: 0-0.30: 0.39-1.00.
Further, the gaseous fuel comprises at least one of liquefied petroleum gas, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane, ethane, propane.
In the combustion method, the fuel is over-rich combustion in the 1 st combustion zone of the combustor by the thick-thin combustion method: a small amount of combustion-supporting gas with an excess air/oxygen coefficient less than 1 is fed into the combustor to form incomplete combustion under the condition of an oxygen-deficient reducing atmosphere, reducing gas such as carbon monoxide is generated, the temperature of the combustor area is reduced by reducing the combustion-supporting gas of the combustor area, and the generation of thermal nitrogen oxides is controlled from the source.
And theoretical combustion-supporting gas required by complete combustion of the residual fuel is fed into the hearth at the rear end of the combustor in a grading manner, so that the combustion efficiency is ensured. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
2-n times of wind are sent to the 2-level-n level combustion area for the fuel over-light combustion by the method of the dense-light combustion: controlling air to be sent into a hearth for 2 times to n times according to a certain proportion, fully mixing and burning the air with unburnt fuel, incomplete combustion products such as carbon monoxide and the like, finally forming flue gas to be back-burnt, and inhibiting the generation of thermal nitrogen oxides by controlling the flow and temperature of combustion-supporting gas in each area.
In the combustion-supporting gas staged combustion, the expansion of the proportion of non-primary air is generally considered to be helpful for forming a reducing atmosphere and reducing the temperature of a hearth; the distance between the primary tuyere and other tuyeres is increased, which is beneficial to prolonging the retention time of the fuel and the combustion-supporting mixed gas in the reduction zone; the full combustion-supporting gas supply is ensured to be beneficial to the complete combustion of the fuel, the operations supplement oxygen required by the combustion, reduce the emission of tail flue gas incomplete combustion products such as carbon monoxide and nitric oxide, and realize the high-efficiency low-nitrogen clean combustion process.
As a preferable aspect of the present invention, in step S2, the excess air ratio of the class 1 combustion zone is 1.1855-1.6234.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the maximum combustion temperature in the stage 1-n combustion zone does not exceed 1200 deg.C, preferably 1055-.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the temperature range of the combustion in the hearth is 840-1161 ℃.
As a preferable scheme of the present invention, in step S4, the flue gas includes carbon monoxide, methane, acetylene, and ethylene, and the concentrations of the components are: 0-0.31% of carbon monoxide, 0-0.03% of methane, 0-0.02% of acetylene and 0-0.01% of ethylene.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the emission concentration range of the nitrogen oxides in the hearth is 24-40mg/m3。
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the emission concentration is in the range of 3% to 7.34% and decreases linearly with increasing liquefied petroleum gas flow.
Wherein, the combustion-supporting gas comprises air, oxygen and the like.
The air leakage rate of the excess air coefficient of the three-stage combustion of the combustion air is 1.1855-1.6234, the excess air coefficient is reduced along with the increase of the flow of the liquefied petroleum gas, the working condition is not stable easily at a small flow, air distribution regulation is affected, and the oxygen amount is high.
Wherein the highest combustion temperature of each stage of combustion of the combustion-supporting air does not exceed 1200 ℃, particularly 1055-.
Wherein, the smoke components of the n-stage combustion area comprise carbon dioxide, water vapor, incomplete combustion products, nitric oxide, oxygen and nitrogen; wherein the incomplete combustion products comprise carbon monoxide, methane, acetylene, ethylene; wherein, the component concentrations of the incomplete combustion products are respectively as follows: 0-0.31% of carbon monoxide, 0-0.03% of methane, 0-0.02% of acetylene, 0-0.01% of ethylene and high burnout rate of fuel; wherein, the nitrogen oxides comprise nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide; wherein the emission concentration of the nitrogen oxides is not more than 50mg/m3The specific range is 24-40mg/m3The discharge amount of nitrogen oxides during combustion is low; the component concentration of the oxygen is 3% -7.34%, and the oxygen increases with the flow of the liquefied petroleum gasAnd the linearity is reduced, the working condition is not stable easily in small flow, the air distribution adjustment is affected, and the oxygen amount is higher.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the present invention also provides a staged combustion system for gaseous fuel, comprising:
the combustion chamber 1 is provided with a 1-n-stage combustion area, and a cyclone burner 2 is arranged in the 1-stage combustion area;
combustion-supporting gas supply means for supplying 1-time to n-time air flows into the 1-stage to n-stage combustion area in order;
and a gaseous fuel supply unit for providing gaseous fuel to the stage 1 combustion zone and driving the gaseous fuel to flow from the stage 1 combustion zone towards the stage n combustion zone.
Further, still include:
at least two on-duty flame units 7 respectively arranged at two ends of the hearth 1 and used for extinguishing combustion areas of each level of the hearth 1 at different times;
the flue gas analysis unit 6 is used for detecting the flue gas discharged from the n-stage combustion area;
and the control unit is used for adjusting the combustion-supporting gas supply unit and the gaseous fuel supply unit according to the analysis result of the flue gas analysis unit 6.
The control unit is used for obtaining information such as fluid components, concentration, temperature, pressure, flow and the like, so that parameters such as fan power, fluid flow, valve opening and closing are controlled and adjusted, the reliability, intelligent level and security performance of the system are improved, wireless control and remote monitoring can be achieved, autonomous working or manual operation can be achieved, and power supply of the whole equipment is achieved through an energy system.
In fig. 1, the specific installation and distribution of the pressure reducing valve and the shutoff valve are as indicated by reference numerals v1-v12 in fig. 1, and the installation and distribution of the mass flow meters 8 and 9 are as indicated by reference numeral FT in fig. 1, which are not described herein again.
The pressure sensors are used for measuring the furnace pressure, wherein in the present embodiment the number of pressure sensors is at least 1, wherein the pressure sensor P1 is arranged in the first combustion zone.
The temperature sensors are used for measuring the fluid temperature in the front and rear pipelines of each combustion area and calculating to obtain the inlet and outlet temperature difference of the combustion areas, wherein in the embodiment, the number of the temperature sensors can be 2- (N +1), the number of the combustion areas is kept consistent, and the temperature value of the output fluid detected by the temperature sensor at the rear end of the previous combustion area can be used as the temperature value of the fluid input at the front end of the next combustion area.
The temperature sensors are therefore temperature sensors T1-T6 disposed before and after the combustion zone, respectively.
The flue gas analysis unit 6 is used for measuring flue gas components and the concentration thereof.
The staged combustion system also comprises a fan, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor and a heat insulation layer.
The fan is used for providing power and direction for the fluid; the temperature sensor is used for measuring the temperature of front and rear fluid or flame of an air pipe in the hearth and calculating to obtain inlet and outlet temperature difference, heat flow density, heat transfer coefficient and the like; the pressure sensor is used for measuring the pressure of the hearth, and the experiment is set to be a micro-negative pressure working condition, so that the safe and stable operation of the combustion process is ensured; the heat insulation layer is used for reducing heat exchange between the experimental device and the environment.
Wherein, the combustion-supporting gas supply equipment 10 comprises an air compressor, auxiliary equipment thereof and an oxygen storage tank. The air compressor and auxiliary equipment thereof are used for providing air required by the experiment as combustion-supporting gas; the oxygen storage tank is used for providing oxygen required by the experiment as combustion-supporting gas.
The gaseous fuel supply device 11 comprises a fuel storage tank and a heating device thereof, and is used for storing and providing experimental fuel for the experimental system to realize given working conditions.
The system also comprises a pressure reducing valve, in particular a primary pressure reducing valve and a secondary pressure reducing valve. The primary pressure reducing valve can control the output pressure of the working medium to be reduced to 1MPa, and the secondary pressure reducing valve can control the output pressure of the working medium to be reduced to 0-0.5 MPa. The fuel gas is respectively customized according to gas performance, the combustion-supporting gas adopts a common pressure reducing valve, and the liquefied petroleum gas adopts a combustible gas pressure reducing valve, so that the safety is ensured.
The mass flow meter respectively customizes different measuring ranges according to the gas flow, the liquefied petroleum gas and the air adopt a wide-range mass flow meter, the liquefied petroleum gas is generally supplied in a series storage tank form in consideration of the technical difficulty that the storage tank and an outlet pipeline thereof are frosted easily due to vaporization and heat absorption of the liquefied petroleum gas, and particularly, the large-flow and stable flow is difficult to provide due to low environmental temperature in winter. The oxygen adopts a small-range mass flow meter to improve the precision.
The cross section of the combustion chamber of the cyclone burner 1 is circular, the gas inlets are arranged in a central symmetry manner, the jet flow speed direction is tangent to the circle, fuel and primary air are fully mixed and ignited by long-time open fire, centripetal and upward spiral rotating flame is formed in the combustion chamber cavity 9, the flow and rotation of combustion-supporting secondary air are facilitated, and at the moment, the contact area between the combustion-supporting gas and the flame is large, the contact time is long, the flame temperature is high, and the combustion is more complete. This is also the fuel over-rich combustion process of the rich-lean combustion method. The number of inlets is usually set to 1-10, and the cross section of the pipeline can be designed to be rectangular or circular. The fuel and the combustion-supporting gas can be arranged with 1-10 pipeline inlets according to the flow design, and the position of each fluid pipeline inlet is not limited and can be adjusted.
The on-duty flame unit 7 has 2 front ends and rear ends, and the front ends and the rear ends complement each other, so that potential safety hazards caused by simultaneous extinguishment are avoided. Comprises an automatic igniter, a small blower and a stop valve. The automatic igniter is used for generating electric sparks to ignite the supplied fuel to form flame which can stably burn for a long time; the small blower is used for providing combustion air required by ignition; the shutoff valve is used for intercepting fuel.
Wherein the cyclone burner 2 has a combustion chamber 3 with a circular cross section; the combustion chamber cavity 3 is provided with a plurality of inlets, and the inlets are tangential to a cross-sectional circle of the combustion chamber cavity 3; the combustion-supporting gas supply unit comprises 1-n sleeves 4, the 1-n sleeves 4 are sleeved on the 1-level-n-level combustion area in a one-to-one correspondence mode according to the sequence, and the 1-n sleeves 4 are communicated with the 1-level-n-level combustion area through spray pipes 5; the nozzles 5 communicating with the stage 1 combustion zone are connected to the inlet of the combustion chamber 3, and the remaining nozzles 5 are perpendicular to the direction from the stage 1 combustion zone to the stage n combustion zone.
The sleeve pipe 4 is the annular high-pressure combustion-supporting gas pipeline, divide into multistage ground and the coaxial setting of cyclone 1, along 1 axial arrangement of furnace, forms the staged combustion, effectively suppresses the local high temperature of flame that the concentrated combustion heating caused, solves the nitrogen oxide at the combustion source and generates the problem. Meanwhile, the deep peak regulation requirement is fully considered, the flexible switching of high load and low load is considered, and the cyclone burner 2 is supplemented with multi-stage combustion-supporting gas, so that the burner can still maintain the optimal fuel concentration and primary air speed of the liquefied petroleum gas flow under extremely low load, and the combustion stability is ensured.
Further, the sleeve 4 forms the annular coil pipe and sprays in the circumferential spray pipe 5 with even air inlet, and multistage combustion-supporting gas is perpendicular with one-level combustor flame or flue gas flow direction, forms the offset, and the reinforcing mixes, finally forms the flue gas and backflows. On the one hand, utilize the oxygen boosting among the multistage sleeve pipe 4 to compensate the not enough problem of oxygen of one-level flame, reach the complete purpose of burning, on the other hand, multistage combustion-supporting gas forms one deck gasification film for between flame and the furnace inner wall, and the protection furnace inner wall avoids ablating, extension flame retardant coating life, reduces wall heat dissipation loss.
Furthermore, the spray pipes 5 are uniformly arranged in a central or axial symmetry manner, and a nozzle at one end of each spray pipe 5 is flush with the inner wall surface of the hearth 1 and does not extend into the hearth 1, so that ablation is avoided; the other end of the spray pipe 5 is flush with the inner wall surface of the sleeve 6. The number of inlets is usually set to 1-20; 1 segmented arc is arranged between any two adjacent spray holes at intervals, and the arc length of the arc is usually designed to be 1mm-1260 mm; the pipe cross section can be designed as a rectangle or a circle. The arrangement of the lances 5 is such that the combustion gases in the sleeve flow circumferentially uniformly into the furnace.
Furthermore, the fan adopts a variable frequency fan and can be continuously adjusted from 0-50 Hz.
Furthermore, the heat insulation and preservation system adopts double-layer materials, wherein one layer of the heat preservation cotton is wrapped by 2-5mm thick heat preservation cotton to reduce heat conduction loss, and the other layer of the heat preservation cotton is wrapped by 1-10 layers of aluminum foil paper to reduce radiation heat exchange loss, and is connected by aluminum foil adhesive tapes or high-temperature glue.
Further, the control system comprises a smoke analysis module,A temperature/pressure analysis module, an on-duty flame unit 7 automatic alarm module and an intelligent staged combustion regulation terminal. The fuel/combustion-supporting gas supply pipeline is provided with a pressure reducing valve, a stop valve and a mass flowmeter in sequence along the air inlet direction; the on-duty flame unit 7, the flue gas analysis unit 6, the fan, the temperature sensor and the pressure transmitter are arranged on the hearth; and the intelligent staged combustion adjusting terminals are respectively connected with the intelligent staged combustion adjusting terminals. The flue gas analysis module is used for collecting nitrogen oxide components and concentration, incomplete combustion product components and concentration and oxygen concentration in the flue gas, and when the emission value of the nitrogen oxide exceeds a set value by 50mg/m3When the emission value of the incomplete combustion products exceeds a set value by 1 percent and the oxygen content respectively exceeds the set value, 1 or more of the 3 parameters are used as input signals to be transmitted to the intelligent staged combustion regulation terminal. The temperature/pressure analysis module is used for acquiring temperature and pressure data of different positions, and transmitting 1 or more of the 2 parameters to the intelligent staged combustion regulation terminal as input signals when the temperature of a local hot spot exceeds a set value of 1200 ℃ and the gauge pressure exceeds a set value of 0 Pa. And the automatic alarm module of the on-duty flame unit 7 is used for giving an alarm when the on-duty flame unit 7 is extinguished and transmitting a dangerous signal to the intelligent staged combustion adjusting terminal. The intelligent staged combustion adjusting terminal is used for calculating the quantity of combustion-supporting gas required by fuel according to the input signal from the flue gas analysis module, and adjusting the total flow of the combustion-supporting gas by controlling the flow meter and the stop valve, so that the emission values of nitrogen oxides and incomplete combustion products are reduced, and the oxygen content of the flue gas meets a set range; according to a temperature input signal from the temperature/pressure analysis module, regulating the grading proportion of combustion-supporting gas by controlling the flowmeter and the stop valve, so that the temperature of a local hot spot is lower than a set value of 1200 ℃; according to the pressure input signal from the temperature/pressure analysis module, the power of the fan is adjusted, so that the hearth maintains a micro-negative pressure safe combustion working condition; judging whether to start an emergency stop termination experiment or not according to an alarm input signal from the automatic alarm module of the flame unit 7 on duty and combining temperature data, judging that the combustion state is better when the temperature is stable, and restarting the on-duty flameThe flame unit 7 may judge that the combustion state cannot be maintained when the temperature rapidly decreases, and may stop the fuel supply to avoid the explosion risk caused by the excessively high fuel concentration.
The above embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is defined by the claims. Various modifications and equivalents may be made by those skilled in the art within the spirit and scope of the present application and such modifications and equivalents should also be considered to be within the scope of the present application.
Claims (14)
1. A method of staged combustion of a gaseous fuel, comprising the steps of:
s1, dividing the hearth (1) into 1-n-level combustion areas, wherein the combustion areas are communicated with each other, and controlling the 1-level combustion area to be in a negative pressure state;
s2, continuously feeding gaseous fuel and 1-time air into the 1-stage combustion area, forming a one-way spiral flame in the 1-stage combustion area, wherein the one-way spiral flame flows from the 1-stage combustion area to the n-stage combustion area, and controlling the flow rates of the gaseous fuel and the 1-time air through a mass flow meter;
and S3, sending the 2-time wind to the 2-level to n-level combustion areas in a one-to-one correspondence mode according to the sequence, and controlling the flow of the 2-time wind to n-time wind through a mass flow meter.
2. The staged combustion method for gaseous fuel according to claim 1, further comprising, after step S3:
step S4: and detecting smoke discharged from the n-stage combustion area, and then adjusting the flow of the gaseous fuel, the 1 wind and the 2-n wind.
3. The staged combustion method for a gaseous fuel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein,
when n in n times of wind is more than or equal to 3, the proportion among the 1 time of wind, the 2 times of wind and the 3 times of wind is as follows: 0-0.33: 0-0.30: 0.39-1.00.
4. The method of staged combustion of a gaseous fuel according to claim 1, wherein said gaseous fuel comprises at least one of liquefied petroleum gas, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, methane, ethane, propane.
5. The staged combustion method for gaseous fuel according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, the excess air ratio of the stage 1 combustion zone is 1.1855-1.6234.
6. The method for the staged combustion of a gaseous fuel according to claim 1, wherein the maximum combustion temperature in the stage 1-n combustion zone does not exceed 1200 ℃, preferably 1055-.
7. The staged combustion method for gaseous fuel according to claim 1, wherein the temperature range during combustion in said furnace is 840 ℃ to 1161 ℃.
8. The staged combustion method for gaseous fuel according to claim 2, wherein in step S4, the flue gas comprises carbon monoxide, methane, acetylene, and ethylene, and the concentrations of the components are: 0-0.31% of carbon monoxide, 0-0.03% of methane, 0-0.02% of acetylene and 0-0.01% of ethylene.
9. The method for the staged combustion of gaseous fuel according to claim 2, wherein the emission concentration of nitrogen oxides of the furnace (1) ranges from 24 to 40mg/m3。
10. The staged combustion method for gaseous fuel according to claim 2, wherein the emission concentration ranges from 3% to 7.34% and decreases linearly with increasing liquefied petroleum gas flow.
11. A staged combustion system for gaseous fuel, comprising:
a hearth (1) which is provided with a 1-n-stage combustion area, wherein a cyclone burner (2) is arranged in the 1-stage combustion area;
combustion-supporting gas supply means for supplying 1-time to n-time air flows into the 1-stage to n-stage combustion area in order;
and a gaseous fuel supply unit for providing gaseous fuel to the stage 1 combustion zone and driving the gaseous fuel to flow from the stage 1 combustion zone towards the stage n combustion zone.
12. The staged combustion system for gaseous fuel according to claim 5, further comprising:
at least two on-duty flame units (7) which are respectively arranged at two ends of the hearth (1) and are used for extinguishing combustion areas of each stage of the hearth (1) at different times;
the flue gas analysis unit (6) is used for detecting the flue gas discharged from the n-stage combustion area;
and the control unit is used for adjusting the combustion-supporting gas supply unit and the gaseous fuel supply unit according to the analysis result of the flue gas analysis unit (6).
13. The staged combustion system for gaseous fuel according to claim 6, wherein the cyclone burner (2) has a combustion chamber (3) with a circular cross-section;
the combustion chamber (3) has a plurality of inlets, and the inlets are tangential to a cross-sectional circle of the combustion chamber (3).
14. The staged combustion system for gaseous fuel according to claim 7, wherein said combustion supporting gas supply unit comprises 1-n sleeves (4), said 1-n sleeves (4) are sleeved on the 1-stage-n stage combustion area in one-to-one correspondence in sequence, and said 1-n sleeves (4) are all communicated with said 1-stage-n stage combustion area through nozzles (5);
the spray pipes (5) communicated with the 1-stage combustion area are connected with the inlet of the combustion chamber cavity (3), and the rest spray pipes (5) are vertical to the direction from the 1-stage combustion area to the n-stage combustion area.
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