CN107314371A

CN107314371A - For the fuel nozzle assembly for the burner for including hole flame holder

Info

Publication number: CN107314371A
Application number: CN201710202964.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 唐纳德·肯德里克; 克里斯多佛·A·威克洛夫
Original assignee: Clearsign Combustion Corp
Current assignee: Clearsign Technologies Corp
Priority date: 2016-04-26
Filing date: 2017-03-30
Publication date: 2017-11-03
Also published as: US20170307212A1

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of fuel nozzle assembly, the fuel nozzle assembly includes one or more taper fuel nozzles.Each taper fuel nozzle includes sharp trailing edge or tip at the top of the fuel nozzle.One or more fuel apertures are close to the sharp trailing edge or tip arrangement.Taper fuel nozzle with annular aerofoil structure includes fuel channel, to dispense fuel into one or more of fuel apertures.The fuel nozzle assembly can be provided as a part for the buner system and correlation technique for including hole flame holder, wherein the fuel nozzle assembly is oriented to the fuel from the fuel aperture having hole flame holder guiding towards described.

Description

For the fuel nozzle assembly for the burner for including hole flame holder

Background technology

Combustion system is widely used in entire society.People have been working hard improve the efficiency of combustion system and reduce burning The noxious emission of system.

The content of the invention

In one embodiment, combustion system includes fuel nozzle, oxidant supply and has hole flame holder.Fuel sprays Mouth is configured to the fuel via at least one fuel aperture spray fuel manifold formula.Oxidant supply is configured to spray in fuel The oxidant of oxidant stream form is exported near mouth.Have hole flame holder be arranged on from fuel nozzle and oxidizer source one At distance, and it is oriented to receive the fuel and oxidant of the mixing supplied from fuel nozzle and oxidant.There is hole flame Retainer is configured to keep the combustion reaction of the fuel and oxidant of mixing when there is hole flame holder to be in operation temperature. Fuel nozzle is limited by the tapered tip reduced on width from nozzle base towards nozzle-end, the reduction limitation wherein on width Close to the mixing of the fuel and oxidant of fuel nozzle.

According to one embodiment, buner system includes hole flame holder and fuel nozzle assembly.There is hole flame guarantor Holder has input face, the output face relative with input face and multiple perforation.These perforation are disposed in input face and output Between face.Each perforation is arranged in the part that fuel and oxidant mixture are received at input face, and can have hole Flame holder supports combustion reaction when being in operation temperature.Fuel nozzle assembly includes taper fuel nozzle, and taper fuel Nozzle includes alar part (airfoil section) and fuel aperture again.Alar part, which has, to be arranged to substantially perpendicular to air-flow side To loop configuration.Alar part also has the sharp trailing edge (acute trailing edge) being orientated in the direction of the air flow.Fuel aperture Arranged along sharp trailing edge.

According to another embodiment, buner system includes hole flame holder and the spray of one or more taper fuel Mouth.There is hole flame holder to be arranged to the mixture for receiving fuel and oxidant respectively from fuels sources and oxidizer source. Taper fuel nozzle each has from attachment area to the tapered circumferential symmetric body in aciculiform top.Aciculiform top direction has hole fire Flame retainer is orientated, and at least one of one or more of taper fuel nozzles are structured to produce for flowing through Oxidant for be not greater than about 0.6 swirling number.Which has limited form heat recycling vortex close to corresponding taper fuel nozzle.

According to one embodiment, the method for operating buner system, which includes preheating, hole flame holder, and passes through Oxidant and fuel are conveyed by structure, the structure limits mixed close at least one main fuel spray nozzle formation fuel and oxidant Close vortex.Oxidant has been transported to hole flame holder in the form of oxidant stream.Fuel is via from least one main fuel The The fuel stream of the fuel-carrying aperture of nozzle mouthful and be transported to hole flame holder, wherein The fuel stream with least adjacent at least one The oxidant stream of main fuel spray nozzle is adjacent.Main fuel spray nozzle has the pyramidal structure for including sharp trailing edge or tip, and the taper Structure is limited generates fuel and air-swirl close to main fuel spray nozzle.

According to one embodiment, the method for operating buner system includes oxidant and fuel being transported to hole fire Flame retainer.Oxidant is conveyed via oxidant conduit, and fuel is conveyed via taper fuel nozzle, and wherein the taper fuel sprays Mouth has one or more angled fuel apertures.Fuel is vortexed by angled fuel aperture.Fuel nozzle can be wrapped Include the oxidant vortex feature that the oxidant of nozzle is flowed through in engagement from oxidant conduit.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is the simplification figure of the buner system for including hole flame holder according to one embodiment.

Fig. 2A and Fig. 2 B are to be had an X-rayed according to the simplifying for the buner system for including hole flame holder of one embodiment Figure.

Fig. 3 is the side cut away view of the part for having hole flame holder of Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 according to one embodiment.

Fig. 4 is, according to the flow chart of one embodiment, to show for operating include Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 to have hole flame The method of the buner system of retainer.

Fig. 5 A are the simplified top view of the fuel nozzle assembly for buner system according to one embodiment.

Fig. 5 B are the cutaway side perspective view of the fuel nozzle assembly of Fig. 5 A according to one embodiment.

Fig. 6 A are the simplified side view of the fuel nozzle for buner system according to one embodiment.

Fig. 6 B- Fig. 6 D are the side perspective view of the fuel nozzle modification for buner system according to one embodiment.

Fig. 6 E are the simplified side view of the fuel nozzle for buner system according to one embodiment.

Fig. 7 be according to the flow chart of one embodiment, show for heat include Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 have hole flame The method of the buner system of retainer.

Fig. 8 be according to the flow chart of one embodiment, show for preheat include Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 have hole flame The method of the buner system of retainer.

Fig. 9 be according to the flow chart of one embodiment, show for preheat include Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 have hole flame The method of the buner system of retainer.

Figure 10 A and Figure 10 B respectively illustrate the side view and top view of the fuel nozzle with fuel swirl structure.

Figure 11 A and Figure 11 B show the side view of the fuel nozzle with oxidant vortex feature.

Figure 12 be buner system side view, the buner system include with fuel swirl structure fuel nozzle with And the oxidant conduit with oxidant swirl feature.

Figure 13 shows the method that fuel and oxidant are transported to hole flame holder.

Embodiment

In the following specific embodiments, with reference to the accompanying drawing for forming a part herein.Unless it is otherwise indicated within a context, Otherwise symbol similar in the accompanying drawings generally represents similar part.Without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention, Using other embodiment and/or it can carry out other changes.

Fuel nozzle in the burner of combustion system generally has block structure.According to one kind explanation, the block structure It can help to be formed in fuel nozzle downstream and be vortexed.For example, according to one kind explanation, the oxidant for flowing through fuel nozzle can be in oxidation Agent stream and provide pressure differential close between the region in the downstream of conventional bulk fuel nozzle.The pressure differential can cause fluid from high pressure Area flows to low-pressure area, so as to produce vortex.These vortex may be such that fuel and the time ratio of oxidant mixing are expected earlier, and And fuel and oxidant mixture can be slowed down to the flowing in fuel nozzle downstream.These effects can help to spray in close proximity to fuel Mouth triggers or maintains combustion reaction (for example, flame).In conventional combustion system, being formed about combustion reaction in fuel nozzle can To be desired or tolerable, while loss is minimum or unobvious.

However, the flame holder for implementing to set at away from the distance of fuel nozzle one is all if any hole flame holder (PFH) combustion system, it is intended to remain essentially in combustion reaction in flame holder.Fuel nozzle and flame holder it Between the burning of fuel and oxidant can reduce the efficiency of combustion system, it is therefore typically undesirable.Solution is described below The embodiment for the fuel nozzle that the above-mentioned vortex type at one or more fuel nozzles is a problem.

Fig. 1 is the simplification figure of the buner system 100 according to one embodiment, and the buner system includes being configured to protect That holds combustion reaction has hole flame holder 102.Buner system 100 also includes fuel nozzle assembly 104, the fuel nozzle Component has taper fuel nozzle 105, igniting and starts flame source 120 and pipeline 110.Taper fuel nozzle 105 can have Sharp (acute) trailing edge 106 in one or more fuel apertures 108 is disposed with thereon.Taper fuel nozzle 105 passes through fuel aperture 108 spray fuels.Pipeline 110 provides oxidant (for example, air).Therefore fuel nozzle assembly 104, which can be produced, has been directed to The fuel and oxidant mixture 112 of hole flame holder 102.It is noted that showing fuel and oxidant mixture in Fig. 1 The path that 112 fuel shown in phantom sprays from fuel aperture 108, the fuel is in trailing edge 106 and has hole flame holder Mixed between 102 with flowing through the oxidant of pipeline 110.

Fig. 2A-Fig. 2 B are the letter of the buner system 100 and replacement buner system 200 according to Fig. 1 of one embodiment Change figure, both buner systems each include fuel nozzle assembly 104 and are configured to keep combustion reaction to have hole flame Retainer 102.As used herein, unless provided further definition, otherwise term has hole flame holder, has hole reaction holding Device, porous flame holder and porous reaction retainer are considered as synonymous.It is as described herein, there is hole flame holder 102 may be provided at place with a distance from from the one of fuel nozzle assembly 104, therefore in referred to herein as distal side flame holder or distal side fire Flame holding meanss, particularly in following embodiments including more than one flame holder.By contrast, buner system is also It may include to start flame holder, it is in referred to herein as nearside flame holder or distal side flame holder.

There is hole flame holder 102 to must be heated to operation before its own radiant heat can keep stablizing combustion reaction Temperature range.It is contemplated that the various method and structures for reaching this operation temperature first.In one embodiment, burn Device system may include multiple flame holders.Flame can be maintained at fuel aperture and be kept with distal side flame by nearside flame holder Between device.Nearside flame holder is optionally participated in keeps flame during finite time section, until distal side flame is protected Holder reaches operation temperature, then can be removed when distal side flame holder reaches operation temperature.Can visibly or intangibly it move Except nearside flame holder.For example, nearside flame holder can be object, the bluff body (not shown) such as mechanically removed.Make For another option, nearside flame holder can pass through the electricity with fuel and oxidant mixture 112 or pilot combustion product Interact to realize, therefore can be removed by simply changing electrical characteristics or fuel and oxidant mixture composition.Including In the specific implementation of special startup or pilot fuel supply, pilot fuel nozzle may make up nearside flame holder, and can letter Singlely by cutting off or reducing the fuel and/or oxygen supplied to nearside flame holder, and it is allowed not work.Although the implementation Example describes the use of two flame holders (that is, distal side, nearside), it is appreciated that can implement other flame holder Level.Preheating configuration is substituted below in reference to the description of heater 228 shown in Fig. 2 B.

Buner system 100 shown in Fig. 2A includes the fuel nozzle assembly 104 with taper fuel nozzle 105.Cone Shape fuel nozzle 105 may include the transverse pipe with one or more fuel apertures 108.This pipe can be taken variously-shaped.Example Such as, transverse pipe can be embodied as anchor ring as depicted or other loop configuration, or may include one or more linear or swan-necks (not shown), each of which has one or more apertures 108.Fig. 2A loop configuration will in more detail be retouched with reference to Fig. 5 A- Fig. 5 B State.

As shown in Figure 2 B, fuel nozzle assembly 104 can include single integral type fuel nozzle in an alternative em bodiment 218 (fuel nozzles 218 being described in detail for example, referring to Fig. 6 A- Fig. 6 E).Fuel nozzle 218 may include one or more fuel Aperture 226.The array of integral type fuel nozzle 218 can be arranged to realize to flame holder if any hole flame holder 102 Required fuel flowing and distribution.Fuel nozzle assembly 104 is configured to pass fuel and oxidant from fuel and oxidizer source 202 It is defeated to there is hole flame holder 102, this will be described in more detail below.

The experiment that inventor is carried out is shown, as described herein to have hole flame holder 102 to can support very clean burning. Specifically, in the experimental in use, the output of nitrogen oxides (NOx) is through surveying from pilot scale to full-scale scale of system 100 The NOx's for measuring to drop under stacking from the low fraction of units million (ppm) can't detect and (be less than 1ppm) concentration.In industry At the exemplary stack temperature (1400-1600 °F) of stove application, in 3% (drying) oxygen (O₂) concentration and the oxidation that can't detect These significant results are measured under carbon (CO).In addition, these results do not need any special behave, such as selective catalysis also Former (SCR), SNCR (SNCR), water/steam injection, External Flue recycling (FGR) or normal burner Other extreme conditions that may be even needed to approach such clean combustion.

According to embodiment, buner system 100 and 200 includes fuel and oxidizer source 202, and it is configured to burner body Fuel is exported via fuel nozzle assembly 104 and exported via pipeline 110 (being shown in Fig. 1) in product (for example, combustion volume 150) Oxidant, so as to form fuel and oxidant mixture (for example, mixture 112).As used herein, unless provided further Definition, otherwise term combustion volume, combustion chamber, furnace volume etc. are considered as synonymous.

Buner system may include the equipment for having hole flame holder 102 for preheating.For example, in certain embodiments, As shown in Figure 2 A, fuel nozzle assembly 104 may include to light a fire and start flame source 120, such as ignites or starts nozzle 122, its There can be single fuel-feed () below in conjunction with such as Fig. 5 B in greater detail.The nozzle 122 that ignites or start can be to draw Combustion starts the offer fuel of flame 206 to have heated hole flame holder 102, as described in more detail below.

Igniting and startup flame source 120 may include fuel nozzle 122, according to one kind explanation, and the shape of the fuel nozzle is led to Fuel and/or oxidant vortex can often be caused, these vortex are mixed to the fuel and oxidant that are enough to support flame, and The release of flame kept close to fuel nozzle 122 can be prevented.In other embodiments, buner system 100,200 can be in combustion Material nozzle assembly 104 and have and include between hole flame holder 102 keeping igniting or starting the permanent of flame 206 as described above Or extendible flame holder (not shown).Heat can be sent from having below hole flame holder 102 by igniting or starting flame 206 Amount, so as to will there is hole flame holder 102 to be heated to preheat threshold temperature.

Alternatively, can be by being operatively coupled to hole flame holder for example, with reference to as described in Fig. 2 B 102 heater 228 is come to there is hole flame holder 102 to preheat.With reference to the combustion using one or more fuel nozzles 218 Material nozzle assembly 104 shows heater 228, controller 230, input/output 232 and sensor 234.Heater 228 and phase The circuit or controller 230 and one or more sensors 234 of association can be used for replacing shown in Fig. 2A in certain embodiments Igniting and start flame source 120, so as to there is hole flame holder 102 to preheat.However, it is recognized that some embodiments To can ignite/startup source (as lighted a fire and starting flame source 120) and both heaters 228 be together with connected controller or circuit Use.Therefore, although be herein reference picture to heater 228, controller 230, input/output 232 and the description of sensor 234 What 2B embodiment was carried out, but the description can be applied similarly to the buner system 100 described in reference picture 2A.

Fig. 3 is that the side of the part for having hole flame holder 102 of Fig. 1, Fig. 2A and Fig. 2 B according to one embodiment is cutd open Face Figure 30 0.Referring to Fig. 2A, Fig. 2 B and Fig. 3, there is hole flame holder 102 to have hole flame holding including the multiple perforation 210 of restriction Device main body 208, the multiple perforation is aligned to receive fuel and oxidant mixture 112.As used herein, unless provide into The definition of one step, otherwise in the context for having hole flame holder 102, term perforation, hole, gap, elongated gap etc. should be by It is considered synonymous.Perforation 210 is configured to the combustion reaction for jointly keeping being supported by fuel and oxidant mixture 112 302.Although Fig. 2A shows the fuel and oxidant mixture 112 associated with single fuel aperture 108, this be only with The representative of the associated fuel of fuel from each fuel aperture 108 and oxidant mixture.

Fuel may include consolidating for hydrogen, hydrocarbon gas, the hydrocarbon liquids of vaporization, the hydrocarbon liquids of atomization or powdery or crushing Body.Fuel can be single kind or may include the mixture of gas, steam, atomized liquid and/or the solid of crushing.For example, In process heater application, fuel may include fuel gas or the accessory substance from the process, and these accessory substances include CO, hydrogen Gas (H₂) and methane (CH₄).In another application, fuel may include natural gas (mainly CH₄) or propane (C₃H₈).Another Plant in application, fuel may include Number 2 fuel oil or No. 6 fuel oil.Inventor similarly contemplates double fuel and applied and flexibly combustion Material application.Oxidant may include the oxygen carried by air and/or may include another oxidant, and the oxidant is pure or by carrying Body gas is carried.Herein, term oxidant (oxidant) and combustion adjuvant (oxidizer) are considered as synonymous.

According to an embodiment, there is hole flame holder main body 208 can be by being configured to receive fuel and oxidant mixture 112 input face 212, the output face 214 away from fuel and oxidizer source 202 and the transverse direction for defining hole flame holder 102 The outer surface 216 of scope is defined.By having the multiple perforation 210 that hole flame holder main body 208 is limited from input face 212 Extend to output face 214.The multiple perforation 210 can receive fuel and oxidant mixture 112 at input face 212.Then, Fuel and oxidant mixture 112 can be in the multiple perforation 210 or burning, and combustion product can be in output face nearby The multiple perforation 210 is left at or near 214.

According to one embodiment, there is hole flame holder 102 to be configured to most burning during ongoing operation Reaction 302 is maintained in perforation 210.For example, on steady-state basis, combustion volume 150 is output to by fuel and oxidizer source 202 In more than half of fuel molecule can be converted into having between the input face 212 of hole flame holder 102 and output face 214 Combustion product.According to an alternative explanation, it can be exported having between the input face 212 of hole flame holder 102 and output face 214 More than half of the heat exported by combustion reaction 302.Under nominal service conditions, perforation 210 can be configured to common near Few 80% combustion reaction 302 is maintained between the input face 212 of hole flame holder 102 and output face 214.In some realities In testing, inventor, which generates, to be substantially integrally incorporated between the input face 212 of hole flame holder 102 and output face 214 Combustion reaction in perforation 210.According to a kind of alternative interpretations, when burning is by " time is average (time-averaged) ", there is hole Burning can be supported between input face 212 and output face 214 by flame holder 102.For example, in transient process, such as having Before hole flame holder 102 is sufficiently heated, or if excessive (cold) load will be placed in system, then burning may be from there is hole fire The output face 214 of flame retainer 102 is somewhat downstream advanced.

Although in order to which the mode of description describes " flame ", it is to be understood that, in some cases, there is hole flame guarantor In holder 102 or have at hole flame holder 102 be not present visible flame.Burning is mainly appeared in perforation 210, but burning " aura " of heat is mainly the visible aura for having hole flame holder 102 itself.In other cases, inventor has been noted that In dilution region D_DInterior transient state tempering or " blowing (huffing) ", wherein visible flame is briefly lighted in certain area, The region, which is located at, to be had between the input face 212 of hole flame holder 102 and fuel nozzle assembly 104, or in other embodiment In, positioned at having between the input face 212 of hole flame holder 102 and one or more fuel nozzles 218.

It is very short that such transient state tempering typically lasts for the time so that on the basis of time-averaged, the major part of burning is Occurring in having the perforation 210 of hole flame holder 102, between input face 212 and output face 214.In other situations, Inventor has been noted that the obvious burning occurred in the top of output face 214 for having hole flame holder 102, but burning is big Part still occurs in having hole flame holder 102, and such as origin has the lasting visible aura (black matrix of hole flame holder 102 by oneself The visible wavelength tail of radiation) confirm as.

There is hole flame holder 102 to can be configured to receive the heat from combustion reaction 302 and by the heat received A part for amount is output among combustion volume 150 as heat radiation 304 or neighbouring heat receive structure (for example furnace wall and/or Radiant section working fluid pipe).As used herein, further defined unless provided, otherwise term heat radiation (thermal Radiation), infrared radiation, radiant heat, heat radiation (heat radiation) etc. should be understood generally synonymous 's.Specifically, such term refers to the black body radiation of the main electromagnetic energy in infrared wavelength.

Referring specifically to Fig. 3, having hole flame holder 102 to be output to another part of the heat received is having hole flame The fuel and oxidant mixture 112 received at the input face 212 of retainer 102.There is hole flame holder main body 208 can be at least The heat from (heat release) combustion reaction 302 is received in the heat receiving area 306 of perforated wall 308.Experimental evidence is to hair A person of good sense shows, the position of heat receiving area 306 or at least correspond to heat receive the position of maximum rate can be along perforated wall 308 Length change.In some experiments, the position of maximum heat reception amount is substantially from input face 212 to the distance of output face 214 (from the slightly closer position of input face 212 i.e. compared with output face 214) between 1/3 and 1/2.Inventor contemplates, at other Under the conditions of, heat receiving area 306 can be located at away from the closer proximity of output face 214 for having hole flame holder 102.Most possibly , heat receiving area 306 (or thus, the heat output area 310 being described below) do not limit clearly Edge.In order to make it easy to understand, heat receiving area 306 and heat output area 310 will be described as specific region 306,310.

There is hole flame holder main body 208 to be characterized by thermal capacitance.There is hole flame holder main body 208 can maintenance dose correspondence The heat from combustion reaction 302 of temperature rising is multiplied by thermal capacitance, and by the heat transfer from heat receiving area 306 extremely The heat output area 310 of perforated wall 308.Generally, heat output area 310 than heat receiving area 306 closer to input face 212.According to one kind explanation, there is hole flame holder main body 208 can be by heat radiation by the heat from heat receiving area 306 Heat output area 310 is transferred to, 304 are shown as in figure.Explain there is hole flame holder main body 208 to lead to according to another Heat transfer is crossed along heat conduction path 312 by the heat transfer from heat receiving area 306 to heat output area 310.Hair A person of good sense contemplates, and can simultaneously make during by the heat transfer from heat receiving area 306 to heat output area 310 With radiation and both conduction heat transfer mechanism.By this way, combustion reaction will when being supported by conventional flame holder Under conditions of unstable, there is hole flame holder 102 still to may act as thermal source to maintain combustion reaction 302.

It has been recognised by the inventors that having hole flame holder 102 so that combustion reaction 302 occurs adjacent with the wall 308 of perforation 210 In the thermal boundary layer 314 of formation.As relatively cold fuel and oxidant mixture 112 is close to input face 212, logistics is mixed It is divided into the part for respectively flowing through each perforation 210.The fuel and oxidant for being passed to entrance with increasing heat are mixed Compound 112, hot has hole flame holder main body 208 to transfer heat to fluid, particularly in the cumulative thermal boundary layer of thickness In 314.Reach after ignition temperature (such as the autoignition temperature of fuel), continue in chemic ignition time delay by present invention thing Flowing, occurs combustion reaction 302 in the meantime.Therefore, combustion reaction 302 is illustrated as occurring in thermal boundary layer 314.With The progress of flowing, thermal boundary layer 314 is merging merging at point 316.It is located at input face 212 it is desirable that merging point 316 and limits Between the output face 214 of the end of perforation 210.In certain point, combustion reaction 302 makes flowing gas (and plasma) output extremely The heat that the heat ratio of main body 208 receives autonomous agent 208 is more.Heat is received at heat receiving area 306, by main body 208 are kept, and are transferred to the heat output area 310 closer to input face 212, and heat is recovered in the heat output area To cold reactant (and any included diluent) so that they are risen into ignition temperature.

In one embodiment, the multiple perforation 210 is characterized each via length L, and length L is defined as having hole fire Reacting fluid diffusion path length between the input face 212 of flame retainer 102 and output face 214.Reacting fluid includes fuel With oxidant mixture 112 (optionally including nitrogen, flue gas, and/or other " non-reacted " materials), reaction intermediate (including transition state in the plasma of sign combustion reaction) and reaction product.

The multiple perforation 210 can be characterized each via the lateral dimension D between relative perforated wall 308.Inventor is It was found that, if the length L of each perforation 210 is at least 4 times of the lateral dimension D of the perforation, there can be hole flame holding Stable burning is maintained in device 102.In other embodiments, length L can be 6 times of lateral dimension D.For example, in L for laterally Tested in the case of at least 8 times, at least 12 times, at least 16 times and at least 24 times of dimension D.Preferably, length L grows to foot To cause the thermal boundary layer 314 of the neighbouring formation of perforated wall 308 in the reacting fluid for flowing through perforation 210 having hole flame holder Converged in perforation 210 between 102 input face 212 and output face 214 at merging point 316.Inventor has found in an experiment, It can well be worked when L/D ratios are between 12 to 48 and (for example produce low NOx, produce low CO, and remain stable and burn).

There is hole flame holder main body 208 to can be configured to transmit heat between adjacent perforated 210.In adjacent perforated The heat transmitted between 210 can be selected so that the heat supply exported from the combustion reaction part 302 in the first perforation 210 Heat stablizes the combustion reaction part 302 in adjacent perforated 210.

According to one kind explanation, transient state tempering or air blowing phenomenon are at least partly to be enough to support the fuel of burning and oxidant to exist Dilute region D_DThe result of middle mixing.Nozzle described herein limits fuel and oxidant near fuel nozzle in the following manner Mixing：Limitation can the fuel as caused by conventional non-aerodynamic fuel nozzle and/or oxidant vortex formed.For example, Flat-top fuel nozzle provides low-pressure area between center port and border so that when oxidant flows through nozzle, oxidant is inhaled To low-pressure area, thus cause can fuel combination and oxidant vortex.It is this in the system for not utilizing hole flame holder Mixing can be desired.However, in the system for being implemented with hole flame holder, if mixture is ignited (as used tempering), Then the mixing near fuel nozzle can undesirably support burning.

Referring particularly to Fig. 2A-Fig. 2 B, fuel and oxidizer source 202 may also include fuel nozzle assembly 104 and oxidizer source, The fuel nozzle assembly is configured to from aperture 108 (in the fuel nozzle assembly 104 shown in Fig. 2A) or (figure of aperture 226 In fuel nozzle assembly 104 shown in 2B) output fuel, and oxidizer source be configured to output include the fluid of oxidant (for example, via Fig. 1 pipeline 110 or Fig. 2 B pipeline 220).For example, fuel nozzle assembly 104 can be configured to export pure Fuel.Pipeline 110,220 can be configured to the combustion air that output carries oxygen.

Can be described to have hole flame holder by there is hole flame holder supporting construction 222 to maintain hole flame holder 102 Supporting construction 222 is configured to make to have hole flame holder 102 and fuel nozzle assembly 104 to keep at a distance D_D.Fuel nozzle group Part 104 can be configured to spray selected fuel jet to carry under one's arms oxidant, with as fuel jet and oxidant are along certain Path is by fuel nozzle assembly 104 and has the dilution between hole flame holder 102 apart from D_DHole flame holding is marched to Device 102 and form fuel and oxidant mixture 112.Additionally or alternatively, (particularly when air blower or When damper 238 is used to convey oxidant or combustion air), oxidant or comburent air duct 220 can be configured in combustion Material and oxidant are advanced through dilution apart from D_DWhen carry under one's arms fuel.In certain embodiments, it is possible to provide flue gas recirculation path 224.Additionally or alternatively, fuel nozzle assembly 104 can be configured to selected one or many of injection Individual fuel jet, with as fuel jet is advanced through fuel nozzle assembly 104 and has the input face of hole flame holder 102 Dilution between 212 is apart from D_DAnd carry under one's arms oxidant and carry under one's arms flue gas.Fuel nozzle 105 can be configured to by one or Multiple spray fuels of fuel aperture 108, the fuel aperture has the size for being referred to as " nozzle diameter ".

There is hole flame holder supporting construction 222 is sustainable to have hole flame holder 102 with from taper fuel nozzle 105 Distance be nozzle diameter be more than 20 times apart from D_DPlace receives fuel and oxidant mixture 112.In another embodiment In, there is hole flame holder 102 to be provided in from being 100 times to 1100 of nozzle diameter with a distance from taper fuel nozzle 105 Times apart from D_DPlace receives fuel and oxidant mixture 112.Preferably, hole flame holder supporting construction 222 is configured Into maintaining hole flame holder 102 from being about 200 times or more of nozzle diameter with a distance from taper fuel nozzle 105.Work as combustion When the distance that material and oxidant mixture 112 are advanced is about 200 times of nozzle diameter or more, mixture fully homogenizes to cause Combustion reaction 302 exports minimum NOx.

According to an embodiment, fuel and oxidizer source 202 can alternatively include premix fuel and oxidizer source.Premix fuel With oxidizer source may include premixer's (not shown), be configured to by fuel be output to fuel nozzle in premixer and by Be configured to air duct combustion air being transferred in premixer.Flame trap (not shown) may be provided at premix fuel and oxidation Agent source and have between hole flame holder 102, and be configured to prevent flame tempering to premixing in fuel and oxidizer source.

No matter comburent air duct 220 is arranged to carry under one's arms or be arranged to premix in combustion volume 150, all It may include air blower or damper 238, the air blower or damper are configured to force air through fuel and air Source 202 and/or control are forced through the amount of the air of fuel and air-source 202.

There is hole flame holder supporting construction 222 to can be configured to from the bottom of combustion volume 150 or wall (not show for example Go out) it is supported by hole flame holder 102.In another embodiment, supporting construction 222 is supported from fuel and oxidizer source 202 There is hole flame holder 102.Alternatively, supporting construction 222 can be from top superstructure (such as in upward igniting system Flue in the case of system) it is hung with hole flame holder 102.Supporting construction 222 can be supported by hole fire along each orientation and direction Flame retainer 102.

There is hole flame holder 102 to may include single there is hole flame holder main body 208.In another embodiment, have Hole flame holder 102 may include it is common tiling is provided there are the multiple of hole flame holder 102 adjacent to have hole flame holding Device section.

Having hole flame holder supporting construction 222 can be configured to, support is the multiple hole flame holder section.Have Hole flame holder supporting construction 222 may include metal superalloy, adhesive material (cementatious) and/or ceramic fire resistant material Material.In one embodiment, it is the multiple adjacent to there is hole flame holder section to connect by fiber reinforcement refractory cement Connect.

There is hole flame holder 102 to have the width dimensions W between the opposite side of outer surface 216, the broad-ruler At least 2 times of the very little thickness T between input face 212 and output face 214.In another embodiment, there is hole flame guarantor Holder 102 can have the width dimensions W between the opposite side of outer surface 216, and the width dimensions are to have hole flame holder At least 3 times, at least 6 times or at least 9 times of thickness T between 102 input face 212 and output face 214.

In one embodiment, the width dimensions W for having hole flame holder 102 is smaller than the width of combustion volume 150.This It can allow to be located at from the flue gas recirculation path 224 for having the top of hole flame holder 102 to lower section and have hole flame holder 102 Outer surface 216 and combustion volume wall (not shown) between.

Referring again to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, perforation 210 may include it is elongated square, these it is elongated it is square in each have it is square Lateral dimension D between opposite side.In another embodiment, perforation 210 may include elongated hexagon, these elongated hexagons In each there is lateral dimension D between hexagon opposite side.In another embodiment, perforation 210 may include hollow Each in cylinder, these hollow circular cylinders has the lateral dimension D for corresponding to cylinder diameter.In another embodiment In, perforation 210 may include truncated cone (truncated cones), and wherein each in these truncated cones has around from input face 212 Extend to the rotationally symmetrical lateral dimension D of the major axis of output face 214.Based on Standard reference condition, perforation 210 can each have etc. In or more than fuel quenching distance lateral dimension D.

In a scope of embodiment, each in the multiple perforation has between 0.05 inch and 1.0 inches Between lateral dimension D.Preferably, each in the multiple perforation has the horizontal stroke between 0.1 inch and 0.5 inch To dimension D.For example, the multiple perforation can each have about 0.2 inch to 0.4 inch of lateral dimension D.

The voidage for having hole flame holder 102 is defined as having all in a section of hole flame holder 102 The cumulative volume of perforation 210 divided by the cumulative volume for having hole flame holder 102 including main body 208 and perforation 210.There is hole flame guarantor Holder 102 should have the voidage between 0.10 and 0.90.In one embodiment, hole flame holder 102 has There is the voidage between 0.30 and 0.80.In another embodiment, hole flame holder 102 has about 0.70 Voidage.Have found, be particularly effective using about 0.70 voidage for producing low-down NOx.

There is hole flame holder 102 can be by fiber reinforcement casting refractory and/or the fire proofed wood of such as aluminosilicate material Material is formed.For example, there is hole flame holder 102 to be formed by mullite or cordierite.In addition or alternatively select Select, there is hole flame holder main body 208 to may include metal superalloy, such as inconel or haas troy corrosion-resistant nickel-base are closed Gold.There is hole flame holder main body 208 to limit honeycomb.

Inventor has found have hole flame holder 102 can be by being available from answering for many La Viers of South Carolina, United States With Ceramic Corporation (Applied Ceramics, Inc.of Doraville, South Carolina) Ceramic honeycomb body is formed.

Perforation 210 can be parallel to each other and perpendicular to input face 212 and output face 214.In another embodiment, perforate 210 can it is parallel to each other and with input face 212 and output face 214 it is at an angle formed.In another embodiment, perforation 210 can It is not parallel each other.In another embodiment, perforation 210 can be not parallel and non-intersect each other.In another implementation In example, perforation 210 can intersect.Main body 208 can for integral type or can be formed by multiple sections.

In another embodiment, the reticular fibre that having hole flame holder 102 can be formed by extruded ceramic material is formed. Term " reticular fibre " refers to the network structure of fiber.

In another embodiment, hole flame holder 102 may include the multiple pipes or cylinder bundled.It is described many Individual perforation 210 may include hollow circular cylinder, and optionally can also have interstitial space between the pipe of binding.In one embodiment In, the multiple pipe may include earthenware.Refractory cement can be included between the tubes, and be configured to pipe sticking to one Rise.In another embodiment, the multiple pipe may include that metal (such as superalloy) is managed.Can be by around the multiple pipe and quilt The tensile metallic members for being arranged to keep together the multiple pipe keep together the multiple pipe.Tensile metallic members It may include stainless steel, superalloy metal silk and/or superalloy metal band.

There is hole flame holder main body 208 alternatively to include the perforated material plate stacked, each plate is respectively provided with and the bottom of at Under plate and superjacent plate open communication opening, it is described be connected opening formation perforation 210.Perforated plate may include Perforated metal, ceramic wafer and/or expansion oplate.In another embodiment, hole flame holder main body 208 may include not connect Continuous filling body so that formed in 210 interstitial space between discontinuous filling body of perforation.In an example, discontinuously fill out Material body may include structured packing shape.In another example, discontinuous filling body may include random packing elements shape.For example, not Continuous filling body may include ceramic raschig rings, ceramic Berl saddle packing, ceramic Intalox saddle, and/or becket or can be by The other shapes (such as super Raschig ring) that metal cage keeps together.

Inventor is contemplated for why including the buner system of hole flame holder 102 and providing such clean combustion Various explanations.

In one aspect, it can not stablize even in conventional flame holder under the specified conditions of support combustion reaction, there is hole Flame holder 102 still functions as thermal source to maintain combustion reaction.Using the ability with using than usual feasible poorer combustion Material supports burning with oxidant mixture.Therefore, according to one embodiment, have in fuel and the contact of oxidant mixture 112 The average fuel of the point of the input face 212 of hole flame holder 102, fuel and oxidant mixture 112 is less than with oxidant ratio (routine) lower flammability limit-" lower flammability limit " of the fuel element of The fuel stream is defined when fuel/air mixture is in normal atmosphere The minimum fuel that fuel/air mixture will burn when being exposed to instantaneous point burning things which may cause a fire disaster under pressure and 25 DEG C of (77 °F) environment temperatures Concentration.

According to one kind explanation, by the one or more fuel and oxidant mixture 112 for thering is hole flame holder 102 to support Can be than providing the stable mixture more lean combustion (fuel-lean) burnt in normal burner.With being arrived close to lean limit The mixture at fuel-rich limit range center is compared, and the burning close to fuel combustion lower limit is generally fired under relatively low adiabatic flame temperature Burn.Compared with higher flame temperature, lower flame temp generally disengages the NOx of low concentration.In conventional flame, too poor combustion Burn through is often associated with the high CO concentration under stacking.By contrast, it was found that as described herein to have the He of hole flame holder 102 Include hole flame holder 102 system provide CO substantially completely burning (to the concentration that can't detect under units ppm, It is specifically dependent upon experiment condition), while supporting low NOx.In certain embodiments, inventor, which realizes, is understood to very poor Mixture under stacking (although only producing about 3% or lower measuring O₂Concentration) stable burning.In addition, it has been recognised by the inventors that Perforated wall 308 may act as the radiator of combustible fluid.Alternatively or additionally, the effect can reduce burning temperature Degree.

Explained, if combustion reaction 302 occurs in one very short duration, can reduced according to another NOx generation.Conflagration causes reactant (including oxygen and the nitrogen carried under one's arms) to be short to deficiency exposed to the time of NOx formation temperature So that NOx Cambium periodicities cause NOx notable generation.Compared with conventional flame, reactant is by there is hole flame holder 102 The required time is very short.Therefore, the low NOx associated with there is hole flame holder burning, which is produced, (and to be carried under one's arms with reactant Nitrogen) it is relevant compared with short duration needed for hole flame holder 102 by having.

For CO is oxidized into carbon dioxide (CO₂) for, because CO oxidation reactions are relatively slow reactions, examine Consider it is low-down measure (experiment and full-scale scale) CO concentration, through having the time of hole flame holder (may add from Have hole flame holder 102 towards flue elapsed time) it is clearly sufficient and in sufficiently high temperature.

Fig. 4 is flow chart, and show includes the burner for having hole flame holder as shown herein and described for operating The method 400 of system.In order to operate the buner system for including hole flame holder, heating first has hole flame holder extremely The temperature of fuel and oxidant mixture burning is maintained enough.

According to description is simplified, method 400 is since step 402, wherein will have hole flame holder to be preheated to start-up temperature T_S.There is hole flame holder to rise to after start-up temperature, method proceeds to step 404, wherein to there is the offer of hole flame holder Fuel and oxidant, and by there is hole flame holder to keep burning.

According to more detailed description, step 402 is since sub-step 406, wherein being opened to there is hole flame holder to provide Energy.Start energy simultaneously or after startup energy is provided with providing, determine that sub-step 408 determines there is hole flame holder Whether temperature T is equal to or higher than start-up temperature T_S.As long as the temperature for having hole flame holder is less than its start-up temperature, this method is just Circulated between sub-step 406 and 408 in preheating step 402.In sub-step 408, if hole flame holder extremely The temperature T of few predetermined portions is more than or equal to start-up temperature, then method 400 proceeds to step 404, wherein to there is hole flame Retainer provides fuel and oxidant, and by there is hole flame holder to keep burning.

Step 404 can be broken down into some discrete sub-steps, and at least some sub-steps therein can occur simultaneously.

Since sub-step 408, to there is hole flame holder to provide fuel and oxidant mixture, such as the institute of sub-step 410 Show.Fuel and oxidant can be provided by fuel and oxidizer source, the fuel and oxidizer source can for example including with for starting The fuel nozzle fuel nozzle different with one or more combustion air sources and combustion air source.In this approach, along Selected one or more directions output fuel and combustion air, to cause by there is the input face (example of hole flame holder 102 Such as, the mixture of fuel and combustion air 212) is received.Fuel can carry under one's arms combustion air, and (or alternatively, combustion air can dilute Fuel), for the fuel dilution for the stable combustion reaction selection being positively retained in the perforation of hole flame holder, to have The input face of hole flame holder provides fuel and oxidant mixture.

Proceed to sub-step 412, by there is hole flame holder to keep combustion reaction.

, can be from there is hole flame holder quantity of heat given up in sub-step 414.Can from the heat for having hole flame holder output For for example providing power, heated working fluid, generating to industrial process or providing power.

In optional sub-step 416, the presence of burning can be sensed.Inventor using and contemplate various sensing sides Method.In general, the burning for having hole flame holder to be kept is highly stable, and does not have uncommon sensing to system It is required that.Can be used infrared sensor, video sensor, Ultraviolet sensor, charge species sensor, thermocouple, thermoelectric pile and/or Other known burning sensing device further senses to perform burning.In the extra or substitute variants of sub-step 416, if burning exists Have in the flame holder of hole and extinguish, then pilot flame can be provided or other incendiary sources (for example, igniting and startup flame source 120) come Light fuel and oxidant mixture.

Proceed to decision sub-step 418, if sensing combustion instability, method 400 can be withdrawn into step 424, its Middle error process program.For example, error handler may include to close The fuel stream, re-execute preheating step 402, regulation Fuel and/or air mass flow or direction, export alarm signal, light standby combustion system or other steps.If in sub-step Determine there is the burning in the flame holder of hole to be stable in 418, then method 400 proceeds to decision sub-step 420, wherein determining Whether should change burning parameter.If no combustion parameter will change, this method circulation returns to sub-step (in step 404) Rapid 410, and the process that burns away.If it is indicated that the change of combustion parameter, then method 400 proceeds to sub-step 422, wherein performing Combustion parameter changes.After combustion parameter changes, this method circulation returns to sub-step 410 (in step 404), and burns away.

If for example, running into heat demand change, change burning parameter can be arranged.For example, if necessary to less heat (such as due to the industrial process output of the electricity needs of reduction, the power demand of reduction or reduction), then can be in sub-step 422 Middle reduction fuel and oxidizer flow rate.If on the contrary, heat demand increase, can increase fuel and oxidizer flow rate.Except this Outside or alternatively, if combustion system is in start-up mode, circulation that can be in step 404 once or To there is hole flame holder gradually to increase fuel and oxidizer flow rate in multiplicating.

As with Figure 3 and Figure 4, wherein, there is hole flame holder 102 by the way that heat is exported to the fuel of entrance and oxidation Agent composition 112 is operated.Set up after normal combustion, the heat is provided by combustion reaction 302；But set up before burning, can be by Heater 228 provides the heat.

Inventor using and contemplate various preheating devices.In certain embodiments, heater 228 may include to be configured Into the nearside flame holder of support flame, the flame, which is configured to heating, hole flame holder 102, for example, pass through radiation Or Convective Heating, it is specifically dependent upon fuel type and/or other specification.Fuel and oxidizer source 202 may be connected to and be configured to The fuel nozzle assembly 104 of spray fuel stream, and it is connected to the oxidant for being configured adjacent to fuel streaming combustion air Pipeline 220.Fuel nozzle assembly 104 can be configured to export the The fuel stream for treating gradually to be diluted by combustion air.There is hole flame guarantor Holder 102 can be configured to receive support by having hole flame holder 102 when there is hole flame holder 102 to be in operation temperature The fuel and air mixture 112 of the dilution of stable combustion reaction (such as combustion reaction 302).By contrast, flame is started Retainer can be configured to start flame in the position support corresponding to fuel-rich and air mixture 112, and the startup flame exists Do not heat have hole flame holder 102 provide it is stable in the case of be stable.

Buner system 200 may also include the controller 230 for being operatively coupled to heater 228 and data-interface 232.Example Such as, controller 230 can be configured to control startup flame holder actuator, and the startup flame holder actuator is configured Keep opening when there is hole flame holder 102 to need to be preheated into startup flame holder (such as above-mentioned nearside flame holder) is made Get angry flame 206, and thering is hole flame holder 102 to be in operation temperature (such as T >=T_SWhen) when do not keep start flame.

Contemplate the various alternatives for being used to activate startup flame.In one embodiment, flame holder bag is started Include mechanically actuated bluff body, its be configured to activated interception fuel and oxidant mixture 112 with produce hot recycling vortex so as to Keep starting flame；Or activated and do not intercept fuel and oxidant mixture 112 so that fuel and oxidant mixture 112 enter There is hole flame holder 102.In another embodiment, fuel control valve, air blower and/or damper are enough available for selection Make the fuel and oxidant mixture flow velocity of startup flame jetting stability；And reaching the operation that there is hole flame holder 102 After temperature, it is possible to increase flow starts flame with " blowing-out ", so that allowing combustible material to enter has hole flame holder 102.Another In one embodiment, heater 228 may include power supply, and the power supply comes operatively via the control output of such as heater 228 Controller 230 is attached to, and is configured to apply electric charge or voltage to fuel and oxidant mixture 112.Conduction starts flame Retainer is optionally coupled to ground voltage or is selected for attracting fuel and the electric charge in oxidant mixture 112 Other voltages.Inventor has found that charge attraction causes the conductive flame holder that starts to keep starting flame.

In another embodiment, heater 228 may include to be configured to having hole flame holder 102 and/or fuel With the resistance heater of the quantity of heat given up of oxidant mixture 112.Resistance heater 228, which can be configured to heating, hole flame holding Device 102 is to operation temperature.Heater 228 may also include power supply and switch, the switch can under the control of controller 230 via The control input of heater 228 is operated, and power supply is optionally attached into resistance heater.

Resistance heater 228 can be formed by various modes.For example, resistance heater 228 can be by being thread through by there is hole Flame holder main body 208 limits at least one of of the perforation 210 of formationWire (derives from Sweden to breathe out Sandvik material technology portion (the Sandvik Materials Technology of the Sandvik AB of Er Sitaha Horse markets Division of Sandvik AB of Hallstahammar, Sweden)) formed.Alternatively, heater 228 may include sensing heater, high energy (such as microwave or laser) beam heater, frictionally heat device or other kinds of heating skill Art.

Contemplate the starter of other forms.For example, heater 228 may include to be configured to by pulse firing export to The discharge ignition or hot surface igniter of air and fuel.Additionally or alternatively, starter can be wrapped Include pilot flame device (for example, igniting shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2A and start at flame source 120), the pilot flame device It is configured to light by combustion spraying from fuel nozzle 218, being formed into the fuel for having hole flame holder 102 originally Material and oxidant mixture 112.Discharge ignition, hot surface igniter and/or pilot flame device are operably coupled to control Device 230 processed, the controller 230 can maintain to cause discharge ignition before burning there is hole flame holder 102 to be sufficiently heated Or pilot flame device is in having hole flame holder 102 or its upstream maintains the burning of fuel and oxidant mixture 112.

Buner system 200 may also include the sensor 234 for being operatively coupled to controller 230.Sensor 234 may include Heat sensor, the heat sensor is configured to detect the infra-red radiation or temperature of hole flame holder 102, and via biography The temperature of sensor 234 indicates output to transmit the data of instruction infra-red radiation or temperature characterisitic.Controller 230 can be configured to ring Inputs of the Ying Yu from sensor 234 controls heater 228.Optionally, fuel control valve 236 can be operatively coupled to Controller 230, and be configured to control flowing of the fuel to fuel and oxidizer source 202.In addition or it is used as other one Selection is planted, oxidant blower or damper 238 can be operatively coupled to controller 230, and be configured to control oxidation The flowing of agent (or combustion air).

Sensor 234 may also include the combustion sensor for being operatively coupled to controller 230, and the combustion sensor is configured Into temperature, video image and/or the spectral signature for detecting the combustion reaction by there is hole flame holder 102 to keep.Fuel is controlled Valve 236 can be configured to control from fuels sources to one or more The fuel streams of fuel and oxidizer source 202.For example, controller 230 can be configured at least the one of the fuel supply that control is flowed into fuel nozzle 105,218 and igniting and startup flame source 120 Person.Controller 230 can be configured to control fuel control valve 236 in response to the input from combustion sensor 234.Controller 230 can be configured to control fuel control valve 236 and/or oxidant blower or damper 238 to control heater 228 Flame pattern is preheated, so as to there will be hole flame holder 102 to be preheated to operation temperature.Fuel can be similarly controlled in controller 230 Control valve 236 and/or oxidant blower or damper 238, using in response to being used as data receiver by data-interface 232 Heat demand change is flowed to change fuel and oxidant mixture 112.

Fig. 5 A and Fig. 5 B are respectively the letter of the taper fuel nozzle 105 of the fuel nozzle assembly 104 according to one embodiment Change top view and cutaway side perspective view.The fuel nozzle assembly 104 of illustrated embodiment may include annular alar part 502, wherein being formed There is passage 506 fuel is carried into the fuel aperture 108 being spaced apart around alar part 502.The main transverse plane of alar part 502 can It is arranged to substantially perpendicular to longitudinal direction L.The passage 506 of alar part 502 may be connected in one or more charging spokes 510 Feeding-passage 509 be connected to fuel standpipe 511.Fuel standpipe 511 can transmit the combustion supplied from fuel supply lines 508 Material.Alar part 502 can have the sharp trailing edge 106 being substantially orientated in longitudinal directionl, and can also have circular or angled leading edge 514.In certain embodiments, similar with trailing edge 106, leading edge 514 can be at an acute angle or tapered.

The embodiment of taper fuel nozzle 105, which may also include, ignites or starting fluid connector 504, to ignite or to open Dynamic fuel is transported to igniting from pilot fuel line 512 and starts flame source 120 (such as ignition burner).Pilot fuel line 512 be shown as it is coaxial with fuel standpipe 511.Alternatively, pilot fuel line 512 can be configured to parallel to Fuel standpipe 511 is supplied from different directions completely.Ignite or starting fluid connector 504 is operably connected to incendiary source 120.Incendiary source or ignition burner 120 may include via igniting or starting fluid connector 504 is connected to pilot fuel line 512 nozzle (for example, conventional nozzle 122 in Fig. 2A).The nozzle of incendiary source or ignition burner 120 can be with certain knot The conventional nozzle of structure, according to one kind explanation, the structure is caused forms vortex in the combustion air (oxidant) of process.According to One kind is explained, because being vortexed formed by the nozzle form with of a relatively high resistance, can help to pilot fuel and combustion-supporting sky Gas is mixed, so as to support against the combustion reaction lighted of near point burning things which may cause a fire disaster or ignition burner 120.It will be appreciated, however, that it is believed that by The vortex of this higher drag nozzle formation can also hinder the release or transmission of the startup flame kept near nozzle.

Fuel nozzle assembly 104 is configured to permit air-flow F and advanced in the longitudinal directionl, and air-flow F is with coming from fuel aperture 108 fuel merges and forms oxidized agent composition 112.Fuel aperture 108 is at sharp trailing edge 106 or along the sharp trailing edge It is equally spaced, to contribute to the fuel therefrom sprayed to be obtained by uniformly mixingg with oxidant (for example, air in air-flow F) Fuel and oxidant mixture 112.Leading edge 514 can be angle of attack circle or that reduction is formed with relative to air-flow F.

Although shown fuel nozzle assembly 104 is disposed with the alar part 502 in torus shape when observing in the longitudinal directionl (referring to Fig. 5 A), but alar part 502 is formed as any other favourable shape.The shape of alar part 502 can be two-dimensional symmetric shape, Wherein incendiary source 120, which is arranged to the heart wherein, has one or more igniters.

It is as described herein, it can be used for completing the related side shown in Fig. 4 according to the fuel nozzle assembly 104 of one embodiment The preheating step 402 of method.Therefore, can by lighted at incendiary source 120 fuel and oxidant mixture (such as Fig. 1-Fig. 3's Fuel and oxidant mixture 112) produce pre- thermal-flame 206.Referring to Fig. 2A, ignite, start or pre- thermal-flame 206 be used for plus Heat has hole flame holder 102 until there is hole flame holder 102 to be able to maintain that combustion reaction, and the situation can be as described herein Sense like that.

In certain embodiments, incendiary source 120 may include multiple igniters, and these igniters are arranged on fuel nozzle assembly Various positions around 104, to allow pre- thermal-flame 206 to consume the fuel and oxidant mixture 112 that are sprayed from aperture 108 A part, and the part arrival that do not consume of fuel and oxidant mixture 112 has hole flame holder 102.That is, rank can started The fuel sprayed from aperture 108 is lighted during section, has hole flame holder 102 to heat.There is the combustion at hole flame holder 102 That burns that reaction then lights fuel and oxidant mixture 112 does not consume part.Also fuel and oxygen can be divided in the following manner Agent mixture 112 is not to consume including the pre- thermal-flame of pre- thermal-flame or part and part：By its incendiary source 120 or igniter from First position is moved to the second place.First position allows whole fuel and oxidant mixture 112 to be preheated flame 206 and disappear Consumption, and the second place allows the part arrival that do not consume of fuel and oxidant mixture 112 to have hole flame holder 102.Work as combustion When material nozzle 105 is alternatively used for preheating and normal operating condition, there are hole flame holder 102 or nozzle 105 itself can be from one Position is moved to another position, so as to realize the various change of characteristic or result.For example, flame can be achieved in this position movement The change of size, shape and/or intensity；Oxidant stream dynamic characteristic can be changed (for example, by using alar part 502 in a desired manner Guide air), and/or pre- thermal-flame 206 effectively utilization fuel and/or oxidant can be additionally allowed for have preheated hole flame guarantor Holder 102.

Fuel nozzle assembly 104 can be configured to allow fuel and oxidant when disabling or part disables incendiary source 120 Mixture 112, which is reached, has hole flame holder 102 without being preheated consumed by fire.The sharp trailing edge 106 and rounded leading edge of alar part 502 514 both of which can be configured to reduce when fuel leaves fuel aperture 108 track angle (the angle of of fuel Trajectory), and/or be configured to when air-flow is by alar part 502 reduce air-flow turbulent flow.Alar part 502 (including sharp trailing edge 106 and rounded leading edge 514) shape so as to disable or part disable igniting and start flame source 120 when reduce flame propagation Pass through the ability of fuel and oxidant mixture 112.

Alar part 502 can be formed by one section of tubing, and this section of tubing can be elongated by rolling or certain other method, to be formed Elongated (for example, Long Circle (oblong)) inner passage 506, wherein trailing edge 106 can be processed or otherwise be formed For conical by its shape as shown in Figure 5 B.Alternatively, alar part 502 may include the one section of tubing to form passage 506 And the secondary structure of tubing is attached to, be such as formed as V-arrangement and weld or be otherwise attach to the metal sheet of tubing Structure, so as to form sharp trailing edge 106.One example of the form is shown in Fig. 5 B forked members 510.Other formation sides Method, such as extrusion, 3D printing, other method or combinations thereof, also in the scope of the present disclosure.

Fig. 6 A- Fig. 6 E show alternative fuel nozzle embodiments, and wherein one or more independent fuel nozzles 218 can be formed According at least a portion of the buner system (all buner systems 200 as shown in Figure 2 B) of embodiment.Fuel nozzle 218 The array of discrete nozzle is can be configured to, the combination of these nozzles functionally can be similar to above-mentioned annular fuel nozzle 105, but It is not integral structure.Fuel nozzle 218 can be formed with tapered profiles and/or tip 602, and it provides Fig. 5 A above in conjunction The advantage similar with the sharp trailing edge 106 described in Fig. 5 B annular fuel nozzle assembly 104.Fuel nozzle 218 may also be formed with circle All forward edges 514 of shape or angled (for example, conical butt).Fuel nozzle 218 may include to be located at top 602 or its is attached At least one near fuel aperture 226.As above-mentioned fuel aperture 108, the fuel aperture of one or more fuel nozzles 218 226 can have the size for being referred to as " nozzle diameter ".Each fuel aperture 226 can connect with the fluid of fuel chambers 608 of fuel nozzle 218 Connect, for example one or more fuel supply lines (the fuel standpipe 511 as shown in Fig. 6 A and Fig. 6 E) are received to distribute Fuel.

Fuel nozzle 218 can also have the oblate or flat section 604 formed thereon, and the section can be used for manipulating fuel Nozzle 218 (for example, to receive the common spanner for installing and removing).Each in these fuel nozzles 218 can be wrapped Include the coupling part (such as screw thread 606) for being connected to one or more fuel supply lines (such as fuel standpipe 511).As another A kind of outer selection (or in addition), coupling part may include for pressure cooperation, the structure being clasped or other connection machines Structure.The array of fuel nozzle 218 can be arranged to such as two-dimensional array (not shown), and it may correspond to hole flame holder 102 shape.

Fig. 6 A fuel nozzle 218 has at single needle-shaped tip 602 and sophisticated 602 or it nearby has aperture 226, and The fuel nozzle has an external screw thread 606, and the external screw thread is configured to allow and fuel supply lines or fuel standpipe 511 Complementary inner thread part is threadedly engaged.However, fuel nozzle 218 may include more than one aperture 226, such as Fig. 6 B, Fig. 6 D Shown in, or relatively large center port 226 is suitable for, as shown in figure 6c.

In some embodiments, it may be desirable to the diameter substantially phase of the external diameter of fuel nozzle 218 and fuel standpipe 511 Together, most preferably to approach the oxidant laminar flow by fuel nozzle 218.Therefore fuel nozzle 218 can have attachment structure, such as Screw thread 606 shown in Fig. 6 A- Fig. 6 D, it is configured to the internal diameter for engaging fuel standpipe 511.In other embodiments, fuel Nozzle 218 can be more than the external structure of fuel standpipe 511 with diameter as is shown in figure 6e, so that required oxidant can be realized Direction, mixed characteristic etc..

Those skilled in the art will recognize that the various features of above-mentioned fuel nozzle 218 can be implemented with various combinations. For example, fuel nozzle 218 can have the external diameter more than fuel standpipe 511, and it may include multiple apertures 226.Due to fuel spray Mouth 218 can be aligned to any pattern for being conducive to fuel and oxidant to be transported to hole flame holder 102, therefore fuel is vertical Pipe 511 may be formed to have away from fuel nozzle 218 or close to the lateral part of fuel nozzle 218.For example, in nozzle array Each fuel nozzle 218 can have away from having on the direction of hole flame holder 102 after fuel nozzle the distance of extension one simultaneously The corresponding fuel standpipe 511 of manifold (not shown) is eventually arrived at, the manifold can deliver fuel into corresponding fuel standpipe 511. The structure is combined with independent fuel control valve (for example, fuel control valve 236) can be conducive to the combustion to each fuel nozzle 218 Expect the independent control of conveying.Alternatively, fuel nozzle can be delivered fuel into via primary fuel standpipe 511 218, the primary fuel standpipe can be separated via horizontal cartridge (not shown) close to fuel nozzle 218.

Fig. 7 is flow chart, is shown using including the combustion described herein for having hole flame holder and a taper main fuel spray nozzle The method 700 of burner system.In a step 702, preheating has hole flame holder, there is hole flame holder 102 as described above.One In a little embodiments, the temperature of hole flame holder can be sensed, and the temperature is compared (step with preheating threshold temperature 704).In step 706, oxidant hole flame holder can be transported to via oxidant stream.For example, can be via oxidant Pipeline (for example, pipeline 110,220) or other oxidant paths, oxidant stream, such as air are supplied from oxidizer source.In some tools During body is implemented, bootable oxidant stream flows through one or more main fuel spray nozzles, all such as above-mentioned fuel nozzle 105,218.In step In rapid 708, via one or more fuel-carrying apertures mouthful, the aperture 108,226 of such as fuel nozzle, from the spray of this class A fuel A nozzle Penetrate The fuel stream.In the specific implementation using temperature sensor, the conveying of fuel can be controlled based on the temperature sensed.Example Such as, when controller receives temperature output from temperature sensor, The fuel stream can be triggered.Controller can by the temperature sensed with Predetermined threshold is compared, and exportable control signal, indicates sprayable fuel.In one embodiment, control letter The opening of number controllable electromechanical valve, to provide fuel to fuel nozzle.In some specific implementations, control signal can be simple two System (ON/OFF) is controlled, and in other specific implementations, control signal can be provided available for control fuel delivery rate, oxidation A series of analog or digital signals of the other specification of agent transfer rate and/or buner system.

One or more fuel nozzles as described above can have limit fuel near one or more fuel nozzles and Structure, shape and/or the orientation of the amount of oxidant mixture.For example, from nozzle base towards nozzle tip (such as pin on width Shape is sophisticated or sharp trailing edge or tip) pyramidal structure that reduces, reducing can be in fuel-carrying aperture in conventional tack fuel nozzle Mouth is provided about the region of low-pressure area.According to one kind explanation, the oxidant of the low-pressure area is flowed through by the low-pressure suction, therefore in Tomography stream.Produced vortex causes hybrid oxidant and fuel near aperture.In some cases, close to fuel nozzle The sustainable burning of fuel-oxidant mixture.Therefore it provides conical nozzle structure is to limit the generation of such vortex-so as to will The mixture of fuel and oxidant is transferred to closer to the region for having hole flame holder.

Adjacent The fuel stream and oxidant stream are final close to there is hole flame holder to be mixed, so as to provide by there is hole fire Fuel and oxidant mixture (step 710) that flame retainer is received.Preheating and/or maintain at the operational have hole fire Flame retainer lights fuel and oxidant mixture so as to burn (step 712).

Fig. 8 is flow chart, shows the method 800 according to one embodiment, and this method is used for using combustion described herein Expecting the buner system of nozzle assembly has the hole flame holder to be preheated.In step 802, by with sharp trailing edge or point The fuel nozzle at end, all such as above-mentioned fuel nozzles 105 and 218, delivers fuel into fuel and oxidant mixture, due to these Nozzle has aerodynamic shape, makes to minimize close to fuel nozzle formation oxidant vortex.At step 804, by fuel Light to produce pre- thermal-flame with oxidant mixture.At step 806, pre- thermal-flame is maintained at be arranged at fuel nozzle with Have at dissoluble, the nearside flame holder between hole flame holder (if any hole flame holder 102), and for plus Heat has hole flame holder.At step 808, the heat or temperature for having hole flame holder are sensed or detect, and with making a reservation in advance Hot threshold value is compared, to have determined it is mixed to consume fuel and oxidant whether hole flame holder is able to maintain that combustion reaction Compound.When the temperature for having hole flame holder is met or during more than preheating threshold value, dissoluble flame holder (step is released 810), then fuel and oxidant mixture are lighted at the flame holder of hole and (step is consumed by combustion reaction having 812) and by being maintained from the heat for thering is hole flame holder to radiate.There is the igniting at the flame holder of hole can be by there is hole flame The heat of retainer is carried out naturally.According to this method 800, incendiary source is configured in fuel nozzle and has hole flame holder Between light pre- thermal-flame.In some cases, incendiary source may include one or more igniters.

As described above, dissoluble flame holder can be physically moveable flame holder, be incorporated into nozzle with There is the electric charge in the fuel and oxidant mixture between the flame holder of hole, or can be the air dynamic behaviour by burner The vortex that is formed and can be controlled by managing the flow behavior (for example, flow, direction, spread) of fuel and/or oxidant.Should Working as the exact sequence for the step of being represented in understanding, Fig. 8 may include while occurring or tradable step.For example, there is hole flame The unburned part (step 812) of fuel-oxidant mixture or fuel-oxidant mixture is lighted at retainer to be released Occur before or while dissoluble flame holder (step 810).

Fig. 9 is flow chart, shows the method 900 according to another embodiment, and this method is used for using described herein The buner system of fuel nozzle assembly has the hole flame holder to be preheated.In method 900, preheating scheme allows drawing The burning carried out at combustion fuel nozzle by pre- thermal-flame is coordinated to be delivered to the burning of hole flame holder.First, except logical Outside any fuel for crossing fuel nozzle assembly (such as above-mentioned fuel nozzle assembly 104) supply, also ignited by one or more Fuel nozzle supply fuel (step 902).

Fig. 9 is passed again to, at step 904, the fuel conveyed by one or more pilot fuel nozzles is obtained Fuel and oxidant mixture are lighted, to produce pre- thermal-flame；At step 906, the pre- thermal-flame heating has hole flame guarantor Holder.At step 908, sensing has the temperature at the flame holder of hole, and the temperature is carried out with predetermined preheating threshold temperature Compare.When the temperature for the institute's detecting part office for having hole flame holder is equal to or higher than threshold temperature, adjust to one or many The fuel supply (for example, being adjusted to more low volume or closing) (step 910) of individual pilot burner, while non-being drawn by one or more Combustion fuel nozzle (each has sharp trailing edge or tip) delivers fuel into fuel and oxidant mixture (step 912).Come (step can be lighted at the flame holder of hole automatically in having of fully heating from the fuel and oxidant mixture of non-pilot fuel nozzle It is rapid 914), and in certain embodiments, lighted automatically by the The fuel stream of the reduction from one or more pilot burners.

Once combustion reaction have at the flame holder of hole occur and stably, so that it may according to reference to described in Fig. 4 method behaviour Make buner system.

Figure 10 A- Figure 10 B respectively illustrate the side view and top view of fuel nozzle 1018, and the fuel nozzle, which has, to be enclosed The multiple fuel apertures 1026 (being similar to above-mentioned fuel aperture 226) arranged around the conical section of fuel nozzle 1018.Fuel sprays Mouth 1018 can taper to rear tip 1002.As pointed out above for fuel nozzle 218, each fuel aperture 1026 and fuel chambers 1008 fluidly connect, it may include attachment structure such as threaded portion 1006, and may include to help to manipulate such as to install and remove Oblate section 1004.

Each fuel aperture 1026 can be connected to fuel chambers 1008 via aperture path 1010.Aperture path 1010 can be chosen It is selected as influenceing the required eddy flow of fuel when from 1018 spray fuel of fuel nozzle.Aperture path 1018 and fuel aperture 1026 can It is arranged to the fuel distribution for producing that swirling number is 0.6 or smaller.In certain embodiments, each teasehole of aperture path 1010 Mouth 1026, which is arranged to, produces the swirling number (with oxidant eddy flow polymerize) more much lower than 0.6.Swirling number is angular momentum and axial direction The dimensionless ratio of momentum, for example, (N.A.Chigier, the and J.M.Beer.J.Basic as described in Chigier and Beer Eng.788-796,1964 (N.A.Chigier and J.M.Beer,《Foundation engineering magazine》, the 788-796 pages, 1964)).Though So it is difficult to measure actual swirling number, but " geometry swirling number " in some cases can the geometric angle based on rotational flow generator.

Therefore, it is possible to provide the compound angle in aperture path 1010 and fuel aperture 1026, the compound angle can be formed in fuel Eddy flow.At least two angle [alpha]s and β can be used to limit compound angle.In Figure 10 A-B, relative to the longitudinal direction side of fuel nozzle 1018 The first aperture path angle α is provided to the center with corresponding fuel aperture 1026, while relative to the transverse direction of fuel nozzle 1018 The center in direction and corresponding fuel aperture 1026 provides the second aperture path angle β.

Similarly, according to related oxidized dose of eddy flow being incorporated into burner, fuel nozzle 1018 can be configured to Enhancing or limitation fuel and the mode spray fuel of oxidant mixing.For example, by fuel aperture 1026 and its aperture path 1010 The fuel swirl that introduces of compound angle can be with oxidant eddy flow complementary (so that initially limiting mixture) or can be with oxidant eddy flow Relative (enhancing original mixture).Due to there is loss in system, geometry swirling number is consistently higher than true swirling number.

Figure 11 A-B show the fuel nozzle 1118 with oxidant swirl feature.For example, Figure 11 A include being configured to Oxidant is guided into the eddy flow fin or blade 1120 of eddy flow flow pattern.Eddy flow fin or blade 1120 could attach to fuel nozzle 1118 or it is integrally formed with the fuel nozzle, and a distance can be stretched out from the surface of fuel nozzle 1118.For example, the eddy flow wing Between piece or the 1/8 and 1/2 of the extended diameter of fuel nozzle 1118 of blade 1120, the 3/16 of the extended diameter of fuel nozzle 1118 To 5/16, or in certain embodiments, the extended diameter of fuel nozzle 1118 more than half.

Figure 11 B show the modification of fuel nozzle 1118, and it includes groove 1122 on the surface of fuel nozzle 1118.It is recessed Groove 1122 can realize oxidant eddy flow by with the eddy flow fin in Figure 11 A or the similar mode of blade 1120.

Above-mentioned oxidant swirl feature can be combined with fuel swirl feature with reference to described in Figure 10 A-B.In addition, this area It will be recognized that fuel swirl feature and oxidant cyclone based on fuel nozzle can be described in the disclosure Implement on any fuel nozzle or fuel nozzle assembly.For example, fuel nozzle assembly 105 may include on charging spoke 510, alar part Oxidant turbulent structure on 502 and/or in startup flame source 120.

Figure 12 shows burner, and the burner has above in association with the fuel nozzle 1018 and oxygen described in Figure 10 A-B Agent pipeline 1220 (has and the common feature of above-mentioned oxidant conduit 120,220).Oxidant conduit 1220 includes oxidant Eddy flow mechanism 1222, such as swirl vane, it is configured to provide oxidant eddy flow when oxidant is by fuel nozzle 1018 1224.Embodiment may include to be used for primary oxidizing agent and/or one or more oxidations for secondary (recycling) oxidant Agent cyclone mechanism 1222.The fuel vortex feature of fuel nozzle 1018 is (for example, aperture path 1010 and fuel aperture 1026 Compound angle) fuel swirl 1230 of effect needed for generation is realized can be selected as.For example, fuel swirl feature can be selected as making Fuel swirl is substantially matched with vortex oxidant 1224, so as at utmost reduce close to fuel nozzle hybrid oxidant and combustion Material, and/or the mixture of oxidant and fuel is transferred to closer to flame holder (for example, having hole flame holder 102) Position.

Figure 13 is shown has been transported to hole flame holder (for example, having hole flame holder 102) by fuel and oxidant Method 1300.Step 1302 includes conveying oxidant via oxidant conduit (for example, above-mentioned pipeline 110,220,1220) To there is hole flame holder.In certain embodiments, oxidant conduit may include oxidant turbulent structure (for example, above-mentioned oxidation Agent vortex mechanism 1222).Step 1304 include via with angled fuel aperture (for example, fuel aperture 1026,1126, and/ Or including aperture path 1010) fuel nozzle (for example, fuel nozzle 1018,1118) swirl has been transported to hole flame Retainer.The angle in fuel aperture generates the eddy flow flow pattern (for example, fuel swirl 1230) of the fuel via its conveying.In step In 1306, the oxidant swirl feature of fuel nozzle provides oxidant eddy flow (for example, oxidant eddy flow 1224).Above in association with figure 12 describe the fuel nozzle embodiment including oxidant swirl feature.It should be appreciated that alternatively or except this it Outside, some embodiments of this method may include oxidant swirl feature, such as swirl vane or fin, and they are arranged on oxidant It is in pipeline or integrated with oxidant conduit or be used as single feature.In one example, oxidant swirl feature can be independent In both oxidant conduit and fuel nozzle, for example, it is suspended on oxidant conduit and has the oxidant between the flame holder of hole to revolve Flow blade (not shown).Similarly, inventors noted that fuel jet or The fuel stream can be made by the structure outside fuel nozzle Redirect and form fuel swirl.This fuel redirection structure may include outside physics steering structure, such as fuel aperture Flat or bending channel.

Although having been disclosed for many aspects and embodiment herein, it can also be envisaged that other aspects and embodiment.This paper institutes Disclosed various aspects and embodiment for illustration purposes, and are not intended to be limited, and true scope and spirit are by following Claims are indicated.

Claims

1. a kind of combustion system, including：

Fuel nozzle, the fuel nozzle is configured to the fuel via at least one fuel aperture spray fuel manifold formula；

Oxidant is supplied, and the oxidant supply is configured adjacent to the oxidation that the fuel nozzle exports oxidant stream form Agent；

Have a hole flame holder, it is described have hole flame holder be arranged on from the fuel nozzle and the oxidizer source one It is described to there is hole flame holder to be oriented to receive the mixing from the fuel nozzle and oxidant supply at distance Fuel and oxidant, and be configured in the fuel for thering is hole flame holder to keep the mixing when being in operation temperature With the combustion reaction of oxidant；And

The tapered tip of the fuel nozzle is limited, the tapered tip reduces on width from nozzle base towards nozzle-end, Reduction on the width limits the mixing of the fuel and the oxidant close to the fuel nozzle.

2. combustion system according to claim 1, wherein the shape of the tapered tip allow the fuel output and The oxidant passes through, and does not result in substantially and be enough keeping the burning at the position of the fuel nozzle Vortex is formed in the fuel and the oxidant of reaction.

3. combustion system according to claim 1, in addition to the fuel standpipe of the fuel nozzle supply fuel, Wherein described fuel nozzle is operatively coupled to the end of the fuel standpipe.

4. combustion system according to claim 1, wherein the fuel nozzle includes rotationally symmetrical main body, the rotation pair Main body is claimed to include sharp rear tip at the nozzle-end.

5. combustion system according to claim 4, wherein at least one described fuel aperture is set close to the sharp rear tip Put.

6. combustion system according to claim 5, wherein at least one described fuel aperture is included around the rotation pair Claim multiple fuel apertures of main body distribution.

7. combustion system according to claim 1, wherein the fuel nozzle includes：

Fuel -supply pipe with the sharp trailing edge for constituting the cone point, the fuel -supply pipe is arranged to transverse to oxidation The agent direction of propagation；And

At least one wherein described fuel aperture includes multiple fuel along the sharp trailing edge arrangement of the fuel -supply pipe Aperture.

8. combustion system according to claim 1, wherein the fuel nozzle includes：

9. combustion system according to claim 8, wherein horizontal stroke of the annular section on the oxidant direction of propagation Section has air foil shape.

10. combustion system according to claim 1, wherein described have hole flame holder to have the fire for limiting multiple perforation Flame retainer main body, the perforation is aligned to receive the fuel and oxidant of the mixing, and each perforation is configured to support The combustion reaction of a part for provided to each perforation, fuel of the mixing and oxidant.

11. combustion system according to claim 1, in addition to：

Starting fluid nozzle, the starting fluid nozzle is configured to separate with the fuel nozzle, and is configured adjacent to institute State oxidant stream injection starting fluid stream；

The starting fluid nozzle has the structure for causing vortex to be formed when the oxidant flows through the starting fluid nozzle；

The vortex is caused mixes the starting fluid stream and the oxidant close to the starting fluid nozzle；And

The combustion reaction lighted of nearside fuel and the oxidant mixture support of gained close to the starting fluid nozzle.

12. combustion system according to claim 11, wherein the fuel nozzle includes being arranged to transverse to oxidant The fuel -supply pipe of the direction of propagation, the fuel -supply pipe has the passage for providing and being fluidly connected with multiple fuel-carrying apertures mouth, The multiple fuel-carrying aperture opening's edge the sharp trailing edge arrangement of the fuel -supply pipe.

13. a kind of buner system, including：

Have a hole flame holder, it is described have hole flame holder have input face, the output face relative with the input face and Multiple perforation between the input face and the output face are disposed in, each perforation, which is arranged at the input face, to be connect Receive a part for fuel and oxidant mixture, and it is described there is hole flame holder to be in operation temperature when support burning it is anti- Should；And

Include the fuel nozzle assembly of taper fuel nozzle, the taper fuel nozzle has：

Alar part, the alar part has the loop configuration being arranged to substantially perpendicular to airflow direction, and the alar part has in institute State the sharp trailing edge being orientated on airflow direction；And

Along multiple fuel apertures of the sharp trailing edge arrangement.

14. buner system according to claim 13, in addition to it is disposed in the point of the fuel nozzle assembly nearside Burning things which may cause a fire disaster.

15. buner system according to claim 14, wherein the incendiary source includes nearside flame holder, it is described near Side flame holder is configured to change between engagement state and disengaged position.

16. buner system according to claim 15, wherein the engagement state of the nearside flame holder It is characterised by that the physical location of the nearside flame holder aligns with the incendiary source, and the feature of the disengaged position exists Do not alignd in the physical location of the nearside flame holder with the incendiary source.

17. buner system according to claim 13, in addition to nearside flame holder, the nearside flame holder Have described in being arranged between hole flame holder and the fuel nozzle assembly, and be configured to during preheating time section To start flame be maintained at the fuel nozzle assembly and it is described have between the flame holder of hole, the nearside flame holder quilt Be configured to it is described have hole flame holder at least in the operation temperature when become inoperable.

18. buner system according to claim 13, in addition at least one starting fluid source and the spray of non-tapered fuel Mouth, they be configured to it is described there is hole flame holder to reach the operation temperature before at least preheating time section during be Start flame supply fuel.

19. buner system according to claim 18, wherein the non-tapered fuel nozzle is disposed in the fuel The center of nozzle assembly.

20. buner system according to claim 18, in addition to it is disposed in the non-tapered fuel nozzle nearside Incendiary source.

21. buner system according to claim 20, wherein the incendiary source include can respective independent operation it is multiple Igniter.

22. a kind of buner system, including：

There is hole flame holder, it is described to there is hole flame holder to be arranged to what reception was supplied from fuels sources and oxidizer source respectively Fuel and oxidant；And

One or more taper fuel nozzles, they each are configured to the fuel from the fuels sources being transported to It is described to have hole flame holder, and each has the circumferential symmetrical master that needle-shaped tip is tapered to from wider attachment area Body, the needle-shaped tip has in hole flame holder orientation, one or more of taper fuel nozzles at least described in One is structured to produce the polymerization eddy flow of fuel and oxidant, wherein being sprayed for flowing through one or more of taper fuel In mouth it is described at least one the fuel and the oxidant for swirling number be not more than 0.6, to reduce close to described At least one described formation heat recycling vortex in one or more taper fuel nozzles.

23. buner system according to claim 22, wherein in one or more of taper fuel nozzles at least One also includes being disposed in the fuel aperture near the summit on the apex of the needle-shaped tip or the aciculiform top, described Aperture, which is oriented to the fuel being transported to, described has hole flame holder.

24. buner system according to claim 23, wherein the teasehole mouthful has compound angle, the compound angle will Fuel swirl provides the fuel at least one injection described in from one or more of taper fuel nozzles.

25. buner system according to claim 24, wherein the compound angle of the teasehole mouthful is selected to increase The mixing of the strong fuel and the oxidant, so as to shorten described at least one in one or more of taper fuel nozzles Person and the mixing length having between the flame holder of hole.

26. buner system according to claim 24, wherein the compound angle of the teasehole mouthful is selected to limit The mixing of the fuel and the oxidant is made, so as to increase described at least one in one or more of taper fuel nozzles Person and the mixing length having between the flame holder of hole.

27. buner system according to claim 22, wherein at least the one of one or more of taper fuel nozzles Individual fuel nozzle also includes oxidant eddy flow fin, and the oxidant eddy flow fin is structured to around at least one described combustion Material nozzle is vortexed to oxidant.

28. buner system according to claim 22, the plurality of taper fuel nozzle is arranged to two-dimentional battle array Row.

29. buner system according to claim 22, wherein described in one or more of taper fuel nozzles At least one includes oblate section in the outer surface of the taper fuel nozzle, and the oblate section is arranged to manipulate institute State taper fuel nozzle.

30. buner system according to claim 22, wherein described in one or more of taper fuel nozzles At least one includes threaded portion, and the threaded portion is disposed at the attachment area relative with the needle-shaped tip, To be attached to fuel supply lines.

31. buner system according to claim 22, wherein each in one or more of taper fuel nozzles Person is arranged to be fluidly connected with corresponding fuel supply lines, and each fuel supply lines, which are arranged to, arrives the fuel transmission The each in one or more of taper fuel nozzles.

32. a kind of method for operating buner system, including：

Preheating has hole flame holder；

Oxidant, which is transported in the form of oxidant stream, described has hole flame holder；And

Being delivered fuel into via the The fuel stream of the fuel-carrying aperture mouthful from main fuel spray nozzle described has hole flame holder, institute State The fuel stream adjacent with the oxidant stream at least adjacent to the main fuel spray nozzle,

Wherein described main fuel spray nozzle has the pyramidal structure for including sharp trailing edge or tip, and the pyramidal structure is limited and leaned on Nearly the main fuel spray nozzle generation fuel and air-swirl.

33. method according to claim 32, methods described also includes：

The fuel and the oxidant are mixed in the main fuel spray nozzle distal side, to there is hole flame holder to carry close to described For fuel and oxidant mixture；And

There is hole flame holder to light the fuel and oxidant mixture with described.

34. method according to claim 33, methods described also includes：

Based on the temperature for having a hole flame holder, control to convey to the fuel for having hole flame holder.

35. method according to claim 34, wherein including having in response to described to the control that the fuel is conveyed The temperature of hole flame holder reaches preheating threshold temperature and provides the The fuel stream.

36. method according to claim 32, wherein to the preheating bag for having a hole flame holder, including：

Starting fluid stream is conveyed via starting fluid nozzle, to be mixed with the oxidant, so as to provide starting fluid and oxygen Agent mixture；And

The starting fluid nozzle and it is described have light the starting fluid and oxidant mixture between the flame holder of hole, To provide pre- thermal-flame, wherein the structure of the starting fluid nozzle is close to starting fluid nozzle formation fuel and air Vortex.

37. method according to claim 36, wherein the preheating flame is at least temporarily fired by being arranged on described start Material nozzle and the dissoluble flame holder having between the flame holder of hole are kept.

38. the method according to claim 37, methods described also includes：

When it is described there is hole flame holder to reach predetermined threshold when, release the dissoluble flame holder.

39. the method according to claim 38, wherein

It is described to release the dissoluble flame holder including stopping the starting fluid stream.

40. a kind of method, including：

Oxidant hole flame holder has been transported to via oxidant conduit；

Via taper fuel nozzle deliver fuel into it is described have hole flame holder, the fuel nozzle has angled combustion Expect aperture, the angled fuel aperture is structured to spray the fuel with cyclonic form；And

The fuel is vortexed via the angled aperture.

41. method according to claim 40, methods described also includes：

The oxidant is vortexed via the swirl vane of the taper fuel nozzle.

42. method according to claim 41, wherein the swirl vane and the angled fuel aperture are selected to The ratio of angular momentum and axial momentum is produced, it is described than being less than 0.6 for the fuel and the oxidant together.