CN113416830B - Flame quenching process for wheel - Google Patents
Flame quenching process for wheel Download PDFInfo
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- CN113416830B CN113416830B CN202110579251.XA CN202110579251A CN113416830B CN 113416830 B CN113416830 B CN 113416830B CN 202110579251 A CN202110579251 A CN 202110579251A CN 113416830 B CN113416830 B CN 113416830B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/34—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tyres; for rims
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/06—Surface hardening
- C21D1/08—Surface hardening with flames
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0006—Details, accessories not peculiar to any of the following furnaces
- C21D9/0025—Supports; Baskets; Containers; Covers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of metal material processing technology, in particular to a flame quenching technology of a wheel, which comprises the following steps of S1: adopting a plurality of flame spray guns, uniformly arranging the flame spray guns on the peripheral sides of the wheels along the circumferential direction of the wheels, fixing each flame spray gun, and enabling the flame spraying surface of each flame spray gun to face the tread, the side surfaces of the two rims connected with the tread and the connection part of the tread and the side surface; s2: rotating the wheel to be heated at a constant speed, and starting a flame spray gun to continuously heat the rotating wheel; s3: the heated wheel is cooled and tempered to finish the surface hardness treatment of the wheel, and the wheel with uniform hardness and deep hardening degree can be manufactured by the quenching process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal material processing processes, in particular to a flame quenching process for a wheel.
Background
The conventional wheel is mainly manufactured by using 42CrMo or 55 steel through a quenching method, wherein the quenching method is mainly induction quenching, a heating method of the induction quenching is that a single inductor rotates along the circumferential direction of the wheel, the wheel is fixed, and then the single inductor is rotated while heating and cooling quenching are simultaneously carried out. Although induction hardening can achieve wheels with fairly uniform surface hardness, induction hardening still has disadvantages in wheel machining: 1. the fire surface of induction quenching can not be well matched with the joint of the tread and the side surface of the wheel rim, so that a soft belt is formed at the joint, the wheel is worn early, and the service life of the wheel is shortened; 2. the heating intensity of a single inductor is insufficient, and the surface of the wheel is heated in a rotating mode of the inductor, so that the heating intensity is insufficient, the hardening depth is only 2 mm-3 mm, and the standard hardness requirement cannot be met; 3. since the wheel is heated and cooled and quenched, the heating and cooling at each position of the wheel are asynchronous, and the uniformity of hardness is affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a flame quenching process for wheels, which can be used for manufacturing the wheels with uniform hardness and deep hardening degree, and the defects in the prior art are avoided.
The first purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a flame quenching process for a wheel is provided, which comprises the following steps,
s1: adopting a plurality of flame spray guns, uniformly arranging the flame spray guns on the peripheral sides of the wheels along the circumferential direction of the wheels, fixing each flame spray gun, and enabling the flame spraying surface of each flame spray gun to face the tread, the side surfaces of the two rims connected with the tread and the connection part of the tread and the side surface;
s2: rotating the wheel to be heated at a constant speed, and starting a flame spray gun to continuously heat the rotating wheel;
s3: and cooling and tempering the heated wheel to finish the surface hardness treatment of the wheel.
Furthermore, the flame spray gun comprises a spray gun head and a nozzle connected with the spray gun head, the nozzle comprises an abdomen nozzle and two wing nozzles, the two wing nozzles are respectively positioned at two ends of the abdomen nozzle in the length direction and communicated with the abdomen nozzle, the fire spraying surfaces of the abdomen nozzle can face the tread, and the fire spraying surfaces of the two wing nozzles can respectively face the side surfaces of the two rims jointed with the tread and the joint of the tread and the side surfaces.
Furthermore, the wing nozzles incline to the side direction and the included angle between the wing nozzles and the belly nozzles is 105-110 degrees.
Further, in the step S2, the rotation speed of the wheel is 30-50 m/S, and the heating time is 4-6 min. The faster rotating speed can increase the interaction force between the wheels and the flame of the spray gun, and further can shorten the heating time.
Further, in S3, the entire wheel is placed in cold water for cooling, and the cooling time is 3 to 5 min. The cooling mode of cold water is not only easy to operate, but also has high cooling uniformity.
Further, in the S3, the tempering temperature is 220-260 ℃, and the tempering time is 3-5 h.
Further, there are 6 flame spray guns. The 6 flame spray guns not only can save the quantity of the spray guns, but also avoid the problems that too many spray guns cause waste or too few spray guns cause uneven heating.
Furthermore, the material of the wheel is 42 CrMo.
Further, in S2, the heat penetration depth of the wheel surface is 3mm to 5 mm.
Further, the surface hardness after the wheel surface hardness treatment is 50 HRC-55 HRC.
The flame quenching process for the wheel has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the flame spraying surface of the flame spraying gun faces the tread, the side surfaces of the two rims connected with the tread and the joint of the tread and the side surfaces, so that the flame spraying gun can be sprayed to the joint of the tread and the side surfaces better, the problem of soft belts at the joint is solved, and the uniformity of the surface hardness of the wheel is effectively improved.
(2) The surface of the wheel is heated by uniformly rotating the wheel, and when the wheel rotates, the rotating speed of the wheel is high, and the rotating direction of the wheel is tangential to the spraying direction of flame of the flame spray gun, so that the surface of the wheel and the flame generate a large interaction force, the contact time and the contact strength of the flame and the surface of the wheel are increased, the depth of quenching hardness is effectively increased, and the flame can be better sprayed to the joint of the tread and the side face of the wheel rim.
(3) The surface of the wheel is heated by uniformly rotating the wheel, and the plurality of flame spray guns are uniformly distributed on the periphery of the wheel, so that the surface of the wheel can be continuously heated, the heated state of the surface of the wheel is consistent, and the uniformity of hardness after quenching is improved.
(4) The invention heats the surface of the wheel and cools the surface of the wheel simultaneously, so that the heating state and the cooling state of each position of the wheel are consistent, and the uniformity of the surface hardness of the wheel is kept.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by means of the attached drawings, but the embodiments in the drawings do not constitute any limitation to the invention, and for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived on the basis of the following drawings without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the operation of a single flame spray gun and wheel of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the operation of several flame spray guns and wheels of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
a flame spray gun 1; a spray gun head 2; nozzle 3, belly nozzle 31, wing nozzle 32; a flame-throwing surface 4; a tread 5; a side surface 6; a junction 7; and a wheel 8.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following examples.
For the convenience of describing the quenching process of the present invention, the following examples are described by taking a wheel made of 42CrMo as an example, and in practical applications, the quenching process of the present invention can also be applied to wheels made of other materials.
Example 1
The embodiment discloses a flame quenching process for a wheel, which comprises the following steps,
s1: as shown in fig. 2, 6 flame spray guns are adopted, and are uniformly arranged and fixed on the peripheral side of the wheel along the circumferential direction of the wheel, and as shown in fig. 1, the fire spraying surfaces of the flame spray guns face the tread, the side surfaces of two flanges connected with the tread and the joint of the tread and the side surfaces;
s2: the wheel to be heated is rotated at a constant speed of 30m/s, the flame spray gun is started to continuously heat the rotating wheel, the heating time is 4min, the diathermy depth of the surface of the wheel is 3mm, and the heating effect is guaranteed.
S3: and cooling and tempering the heated wheel to finish the surface hardness treatment of the wheel, and obtaining the wheel surface with uniform hardness and surface hardness of 50 HRC. In this embodiment, the entire wheel is placed in cold water for cooling, the cooling time is 3min, the tempering temperature is 220 ℃, and the tempering time is 3 h.
As shown in fig. 1, the flame spray gun 1 of the present embodiment includes a spray gun head 2 and a nozzle 3 connected to the spray gun head 2, the nozzle 3 includes an abdomen nozzle 31 and two wing nozzles 32, the two wing nozzles 32 are respectively located at two ends of the abdomen nozzle 31 in the length direction and are communicated with the abdomen nozzle 31, the flame-spraying surface 4 of the abdomen nozzle 31 can face the tread 5, and the flame-spraying surfaces 4 of the two wing nozzles 32 can respectively face two rim sides 6 connected to the tread 5 and a connection 7 between the tread 5 and the side 6. When the quenching process is carried out, the belly nozzle 31 of the nozzle 3 faces the tread 5, the wing nozzle 32 faces the side face 6 of the rim at the same time, and at the moment, the nozzles 3 face the whole tread 5 and the whole side face 6 and the joint 7 of the tread 5 and the side face 6 at the same time, so that the flame can be uniformly heated to each face, and the uniformity of the surface hardness is improved. The wing nozzles 32 are inclined towards the side surface 6 and form an included angle of 105 degrees with the belly nozzles 31, and the inclined wing nozzles 32 enable the flame spray face 4 to spray more directly towards the joint 7 of the tread 5 and the side surface 6.
Example 2
The embodiment discloses a flame quenching process for a wheel, which comprises the following steps,
s1: as shown in fig. 2, 6 flame spray guns are adopted, and are uniformly arranged and fixed on the peripheral side of the wheel along the circumferential direction of the wheel, and as shown in fig. 1, the fire spraying surfaces of the flame spray guns face the tread, the side surfaces of two flanges connected with the tread and the joint of the tread and the side surfaces;
s2: the wheel to be heated is rotated at a constant speed of 50m/s, the flame spray gun is started to continuously heat the rotating wheel, the heating time is 6min, the heat penetration depth of the surface of the wheel is 5mm, and the heating effect is ensured.
S3: and cooling and tempering the heated wheel to finish the surface hardness treatment of the wheel, and preparing the wheel surface with uniform hardness and surface hardness of 55 HRC. In this embodiment, the entire wheel is placed in cold water for cooling, the cooling time is 5min, the tempering temperature is 260 ℃, and the tempering time is 5 h.
The flame spray gun of this embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that the wing nozzles are inclined toward the side direction and the included angle between the wing nozzles and the belly nozzle is 110 °, and other structures of the flame spray gun of this embodiment are the same as those of embodiment 1, and are not described herein again.
Example 3
The embodiment discloses a flame quenching process of a wheel, which comprises the following steps of,
s1: adopting 5 flame spray guns, uniformly arranging and fixing the 5 flame spray guns on the peripheral side of the wheel along the circumferential direction of the wheel, and enabling the fire spraying surfaces of the flame spray guns to face the tread, the side surfaces of the two wheel rims connected with the tread and the connection part of the tread and the side surfaces as shown in figure 1;
s2: the wheel to be heated is rotated at a constant speed of 40m/s, the flame spray gun is started to continuously heat the rotating wheel, the heating time is 5min, the diathermy depth of the surface of the wheel is 4mm, and the heating effect is guaranteed.
S3: and cooling and tempering the heated wheel to finish the surface hardness treatment of the wheel, and obtaining the wheel surface with uniform hardness and surface hardness of 53 HRC. In this embodiment, the entire wheel is placed in cold water for cooling, the cooling time is 4min, the tempering temperature is 240 ℃, and the tempering time is 4 h.
The difference between the flame spray gun of this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the wing nozzles are inclined to the side direction and the included angle between the wing nozzles and the belly nozzle is 108 °, and other structures of the flame spray gun of this embodiment are the same as those of embodiment 1, and are not described herein again.
Example 4
The embodiment discloses a flame quenching process for a wheel, which comprises the following steps,
s1: adopting 4 flame spray guns, uniformly arranging and fixing the 4 flame spray guns on the peripheral side of the wheel along the circumferential direction of the wheel, and enabling the fire spraying surfaces of the flame spray guns to face the tread, the side surfaces of the two wheel rims connected with the tread and the connection part of the tread and the side surfaces as shown in figure 1;
s2: the wheel to be heated is rotated at a constant speed of 40m/s, the flame spray gun is started to continuously heat the rotating wheel, the heating time is 5min, the diathermy depth of the surface of the wheel is 4mm, and the heating effect is guaranteed.
S3: and cooling and tempering the heated wheel to finish the surface hardness treatment of the wheel, and obtaining the wheel surface with uniform hardness and surface hardness of 50 HRC. In this embodiment, the entire wheel is placed in cold water for cooling, the cooling time is 4min, the tempering temperature is 230 ℃, and the tempering time is 3 h.
The flame spray gun of this embodiment is different from that of embodiment 1 in that the wing nozzles are inclined to the side direction and the included angle between the wing nozzles and the belly nozzle is 106 °, and other structures of the flame spray gun of this embodiment are the same as those of embodiment 1, and are not described again.
Example 5
The embodiment discloses a flame quenching process for a wheel, which comprises the following steps,
s1: adopting 4 flame spray guns, uniformly arranging and fixing the 4 flame spray guns on the peripheral side of the wheel along the circumferential direction of the wheel, and enabling the fire spraying surfaces of the flame spray guns to face the tread, the side surfaces of the two wheel rims connected with the tread and the connection part of the tread and the side surfaces as shown in figure 1;
s2: the wheel to be heated is rotated at a constant speed of 45m/s, the flame spray gun is started to continuously heat the rotating wheel, the heating time is 5.5min, the heat penetration depth of the surface of the wheel is 4.5mm, and the heating effect is ensured.
S3: and cooling and tempering the heated wheel to finish the surface hardness treatment of the wheel, and obtaining the wheel surface with uniform hardness and surface hardness of 53 HRC. In this embodiment, the entire wheel is placed in cold water for cooling, the cooling time is 4.5min, the tempering temperature is 250 ℃, and the tempering time is 5 h.
The difference between the flame spray gun of this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the wing nozzles are inclined to the side direction and the included angle between the wing nozzles and the belly nozzle is 108 °, and other structures of the flame spray gun of this embodiment are the same as those of embodiment 1, and are not described herein again.
Example 6
The embodiment discloses a flame quenching process for a wheel, which comprises the following steps,
s1: adopting 4 flame spray guns, uniformly arranging and fixing the 4 flame spray guns on the peripheral side of the wheel along the circumferential direction of the wheel, and enabling the flame spraying surfaces of the flame spray guns to face the tread, the side surfaces of two flanges connected with the tread and the connection part of the tread and the side surfaces as shown in figure 1;
s2: the wheel to be heated is rotated at a constant speed of 43m/s, the flame spray gun is started to continuously heat the rotating wheel, the heating time is 5.2min, the heat penetration depth of the surface of the wheel is 4.3mm, and the heating effect is ensured.
S3: and cooling and tempering the heated wheel to finish the surface hardness treatment of the wheel, and obtaining the wheel surface with uniform hardness and surface hardness of 54 HRC. In this example, the entire wheel was cooled in cold water for 4.2min, the tempering temperature was 240 ℃, and the tempering time was 4.1 hours.
The flame spray gun of this embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that the wing nozzles are inclined toward the side direction and the included angle between the wing nozzles and the belly nozzle is 107 °, and other structures of the flame spray gun of this embodiment are the same as those of embodiment 1, and are not described again here.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A flame quenching process of a wheel is characterized in that: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
s1: adopting a plurality of flame spray guns, uniformly arranging the flame spray guns on the peripheral sides of the wheels along the circumferential direction of the wheels, fixing each flame spray gun, and enabling the fire spraying surfaces of the flame spray guns to face the tread, the side surfaces of the two rims jointed with the tread and the joint of the tread and the side surfaces;
s2: rotating the wheel to be heated at a constant speed, and starting a flame spray gun to continuously heat the rotating wheel;
s3: cooling and tempering the heated wheel to finish the surface hardness treatment of the wheel;
the flame spray gun comprises a spray gun head and nozzles connected with the spray gun head, the nozzles comprise an abdomen nozzle and two wing nozzles, the two wing nozzles are respectively positioned at two ends of the abdomen nozzle in the length direction and are communicated with the abdomen nozzle, the fire spraying surfaces of the abdomen nozzle face the tread, and the fire spraying surfaces of the two wing nozzles respectively face the side surfaces of the two rims jointed with the tread and the joint of the tread and the side surfaces; the wing nozzles are inclined towards the side direction, and the included angle between the wing nozzles and the belly nozzles is 105-110 degrees.
2. The flame quenching process for vehicle wheels according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S2, the rotating speed of the wheels is 30-50 m/S, and the heating time is 4-6 min.
3. The flame quenching process for vehicle wheels according to claim 1, characterized in that: and S3, cooling the whole wheel in cold water for 3-5 min.
4. The flame quenching process for vehicle wheels according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the S3, the tempering temperature is 220-260 ℃, and the tempering time is 3-5 h.
5. The flame quenching process for vehicle wheels according to claim 1, characterized in that: there are 6 of the flame spray guns.
6. A flame quenching process for vehicle wheels according to claim 1, characterized in that: the wheel is made of 42 CrMo.
7. The flame quenching process for vehicle wheels according to claim 1, characterized in that: the surface hardness of the wheel after the surface hardness treatment is 50-55 HRC.
8. The flame quenching process for vehicle wheels according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S2, the heat transmission depth of the wheel surface is 3 mm-5 mm.
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| CN202110579251.XA CN113416830B (en) | 2021-05-26 | 2021-05-26 | Flame quenching process for wheel |
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