CN115875684A - Device for treating tail gas of hydrogen fuel cell - Google Patents
Device for treating tail gas of hydrogen fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN115875684A CN115875684A CN202211518001.6A CN202211518001A CN115875684A CN 115875684 A CN115875684 A CN 115875684A CN 202211518001 A CN202211518001 A CN 202211518001A CN 115875684 A CN115875684 A CN 115875684A
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- tail gas
- fuel cell
- hydrogen fuel
- ignition electrode
- spark ignition
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of hydrogen fuel cells, in particular to a device for treating tail gas of a hydrogen fuel cell, which comprises a burner, a hearth, a blower, an induced draft fan and a flame arrester, wherein the hearth is connected with the burner, an inlet of the induced draft fan is connected with a flue gas outlet of the hearth, the burner comprises a burner body, a flame detector and a high-voltage electric spark ignition electrode, an air inlet and a tail gas inlet are formed in the burner body, the burner body is of a double-pipe sleeve structure and comprises an outer-layer annular space and an inner-layer space, the air inlet is communicated with the outer-layer annular space, and the tail gas inlet is communicated with the inner-layer space; the nozzle of the burner body is a mixed part of air and tail gas, the flame detector and the high-voltage electric spark ignition electrode extend into the burner body, and the flame arrester is arranged at a tail gas inlet; the outlet of the blower is connected with the air inlet. The invention treats the tail gas generated by the hydrogen fuel cell through combustion, and the generated high-temperature flue gas can be reused.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of hydrogen fuel cells, in particular to a device for treating tail gas of a hydrogen fuel cell.
Background
The fuel cell is a device for directly converting chemical energy of fuels such as hydrogen, natural gas and the like into electric energy by utilizing chemical reaction, and has wide application prospect in the fields of hydrogen energy utilization, new energy, energy storage and the like. The tail gas discharged by the fuel cell also contains a large amount of combustible gas and needs to be treated due to the limitation of reaction efficiency. The combustion is an effective way for treating combustible tail gas, the danger of combustible components in the tail gas can be reduced, and the heat of high-temperature flue gas generated by the combustion can be recycled.
The concentration and the flow of combustible gas in the hydrogen fuel cell tail gas continuously change along with the change of parameters such as the power of the hydrogen fuel cell, the tail gas is treated by using a traditional burner, the phenomena of unstable combustion, even flameout and the like can occur, and the safety and the stability of the hydrogen fuel cell system are threatened.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a device for treating tail gas of a hydrogen fuel cell, aiming at the problem of tail gas combustion treatment of unstable components and flow generated by the hydrogen fuel cell in the prior art.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a device for hydrogen fuel cell tail gas treatment, includes combustor, furnace, forced draught blower, draught fan and spark arrester, the furnace is connected with the combustor, the entry of draught fan is connected with the exhanst gas outlet of furnace, the combustor includes nozzle body, flame detector and high-pressure electric spark ignition electrode, air inlet and tail gas entry have been seted up on the nozzle body, the nozzle body is double-barrelled sleeve structure, including outer annular space and inlayer space, air inlet and outer annular space intercommunication, the tail gas entry communicates with inlayer space; the nozzle of the burner body is a mixed part of air and tail gas, the flame detector and the high-voltage electric spark ignition electrode extend into the burner body, and the flame arrester is arranged at a tail gas inlet; the outlet of the blower is connected with the air inlet.
Preferably, when the burner is used, the flame detector and the high-voltage electric spark ignition electrode are inserted from the tail part of the burner body, and the head part of the high-voltage electric spark ignition electrode extends to the mixing part of air and tail gas in the burner body.
Preferably, a plurality of high-voltage electric spark ignition electrodes are arranged.
Preferably, the combustor is further provided with an ignition electrode time sequence controller for controlling the high-voltage electric spark ignition electrodes to ignite in sequence.
Preferably, the ignition electrode timing controller controls the high-voltage electric spark ignition electrodes to alternately ignite in a pulse voltage sequence.
Preferably, the hearth comprises a shell, a refractory and heat-insulating material, a porous filling material and a thermocouple, the refractory and heat-insulating material is arranged on the inner wall of the shell, the porous filling material is located inside the shell, a flue gas outlet is communicated with the inside of the shell, one end of the thermocouple extends out of the shell, the other end of the thermocouple is located at the communication position of the shell and the flue gas outlet, and the outer wall of the shell is connected with the outer wall of the mouth of the burner body.
Preferably, the tail gas inlet is provided with a tail gas pipeline, and the flame arrester is arranged at one end, close to the tail gas inlet, of the tail gas pipeline.
Preferably, a flow meter is further arranged on the tail gas pipeline, and the flame arrester is located between the tail gas inlet and the flow meter.
Preferably, still be equipped with normally open solenoid valve and normally closed solenoid valve on the tail-gas pipe, normally open solenoid valve sets up between flowmeter and normally closed solenoid valve, normally closed solenoid valve sets up between spark arrester and normally open solenoid valve.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the device for treating the tail gas of the hydrogen fuel cell comprises a blower, a burner, a hearth, an induced draft fan and the like, wherein the device can treat the tail gas generated by the hydrogen fuel cell through combustion, air enters an air inlet through the induced draft fan and then enters an air flow channel of a burner body, the tail gas passes through the tail gas inlet and a tail gas flow channel and is mixed at a mouth of the burner body, the tail gas is ignited through a high-voltage electric spark electrode to be combusted, high-temperature flue gas after combustion enters the inside of the hearth and forms a high-temperature area in the hearth, and then the flue gas is discharged from the inside of the hearth through the induced draft fan, so that the reutilization of the high-temperature flue gas is realized.
Furthermore, a plurality of high-voltage electric spark igniters are arranged, and the ignition electrode time schedule controller is adopted to control the ignition electrodes to work alternately, so that a mode that one high-voltage electric spark electrode is ignited as an on-duty flame in the whole running time period of the combustor is ensured, the combustion stability of the tail gas treatment combustor can be still ensured when the tail gas flow and components of the fuel cell continuously change along with the load of the fuel cell, and meanwhile, the problem of damage of a single high-voltage electric spark ignition electrode caused by long-time work is avoided.
Furthermore, through a specially designed small-sized pipeline type hearth, the fuel with different concentrations can be ensured to be fully combusted, so that the device is particularly suitable for tail gas treatment of the mobile low-power hydrogen fuel cell; .
Furthermore, the flow meter arranged on the tail gas pipeline measures the tail gas flow in real time, so that the rotating speeds of the air feeder and the induced draft fan are adjusted in real time, the real-time dynamic adjustment of the air distribution ratio is realized, and the combustion stability when the tail gas flow and the components change is further ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for hydrogen fuel cell tail gas treatment in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a burner and furnace configuration;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an ignition electrode arrangement in an embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a timing diagram of the ignition electrode timing control in the embodiment.
In the figure, 1, a burner; 2. a hearth; 3. a blower; 4. an induced draft fan; 5. a flow meter; 6. a normally open solenoid valve; 7. a normally closed solenoid valve; 8. a flame arrestor; 9. an ignition electrode timing controller; 10. a burner body; 11. an air inlet; 12. a tail gas inlet; 13. a flame detector; 14. a high voltage spark ignition electrode; 15. a connecting flange; 16. a housing; 17. a refractory and heat insulating material; 18. a porous filler material; 19. a thermocouple; 20. and a flue gas outlet.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the invention.
The invention discloses a device for treating tail gas of a hydrogen fuel cell, which comprises a combustor 1, a hearth 2, a blower 3, an induced draft fan 4 and a flame arrester 8, wherein the hearth 2 is connected with the combustor 1, the combustor 1 comprises a burner body 10, a flame detector 13 and a high-voltage electric spark ignition electrode 14, the burner body 10 is provided with an air inlet 11 and a tail gas inlet 12, and the outlet of the blower 3 is connected with the air inlet 11.
The burner body 10 is of a double-pipe sleeve structure and comprises an outer-layer annular space and an inner-layer space, an air inlet 11 is communicated with the outer-layer annular space, and a tail gas inlet 12 is communicated with the inner-layer space; the mouth of the burner body 10 is the mixed position of air and tail gas, the flame detector 13 and the high-voltage electric spark ignition electrode 14 extend into the burner body 10, and the flame arrester 8 is arranged at the tail gas inlet 12. Air enters an air flow channel on the outer layer of the burner through an air inlet 11, tail gas enters a fuel flow channel on the inner layer of the burner through a tail gas inlet 12, the length of the flow channel is multiple times of the diameter of an inlet pipe so as to ensure stable flow, and the air and the fuel gas are mixed at the end of the flow channel; and a flame monitor inserted from the tail of the burner body 10 for detecting the combustion condition of the flame.
The hearth 2 comprises a shell 16, a fireproof heat insulating material 17, a porous filling material 18 and a thermocouple 19, the shell 16 is connected with a mouth of the burner body 10 through a connecting flange 15, the fireproof heat insulating material 17 is arranged on the inner wall of the shell 16, the porous filling material 18 is positioned inside the shell 16, a flue gas outlet 20 is communicated with the inside of the shell 16, an inlet of the induced draft fan 4 is connected with the flue gas outlet 20 of the hearth 2, one end of the thermocouple 19 extends out of the shell 16, and the other end of the thermocouple 19 is positioned at the communication position of the shell 16 and the flue gas outlet 20. The front half part of the shell 16 of the hearth 2 is of a round table structure, and the rear half part of the shell is of a cylindrical structure; the refractory heat-insulating material 17 is used for preserving the heat of the hearth 2; the furnace porous filling material 18 is used for blocking flame, forming a high-temperature area in the middle of the hearth 2 and stabilizing combustion; the thermocouple 19 is inserted into the hearth 2 from the tail part of the shell 16 of the hearth 2 and is used for monitoring the temperature of the hearth 2; the flue gas generated by combustion is discharged from a flue gas outlet 20 arranged on the side surface of the hearth 2.
The burner 1 is used for tissue combustion; the hearth 2 is used for providing a combustion space; the air feeder 3 is used for providing air required by combustion, the fan is a variable frequency fan, and the frequency of the air feeder 3 can be adjusted according to the tail gas flow and the combustion condition so as to change the air feeding amount and reasonably distribute air; the draught fan 4 is used for discharging high-temperature flue gas generated by combustion and maintaining the negative pressure environment in the hearth 2, the draught fan is a variable frequency fan, the frequency of the draught fan 4 can be adjusted according to the combustion load change so as to maintain the negative pressure environment in the hearth 2 all the time, and the leakage of the high-temperature flue gas is avoided. Flame arrestor 8 is used to prevent flashback.
When the high-voltage electric spark ignition burner is used, the flame detector 13 and the high-voltage electric spark ignition electrode 14 are inserted from the tail of the burner body 10, and the head of the high-voltage electric spark ignition electrode 14 extends to a mixing position of air and tail gas in the burner body 10.
The combustor 1 is also provided with an ignition electrode time schedule controller 9 for controlling the high-voltage electric spark ignition electrodes 14 to ignite in sequence. The ignition electrode time schedule controller 9 controls N high-voltage electric spark ignition electrodes 14 to act in sequence, one high-voltage electric spark electrode is used for ignition in the whole device operation time period and serves as an on-duty flame to guarantee that the inside of the hearth 2 is always in a combustion state, and meanwhile, the flame detector 13 and the temperature sensor serve as auxiliary detection equipment for monitoring the flame and the combustion tail gas. In the present embodiment, three high voltage electric spark ignition electrodes 14 are taken as an example and are arranged as shown in fig. 3, which are marked as a first high voltage electric spark ignition electrode 14-1, a second high voltage electric spark ignition electrode 14-2 and a third high voltage electric spark ignition electrode 14-3 in the figure, an ignition head extends to an air and tail gas mixing region inside the burner body 10, and the three high voltage electric spark ignition electrodes 14 are respectively and electrically connected with the ignition timing controller 9.
The ignition electrode timing controller 9 controls the high-voltage electric spark ignition electrodes 14 to alternately work by generating a pulse voltage sequence, so that the problem of damage to a single high-voltage electric spark ignition electrode 14 caused by long-time work is solved. The working time of each high-voltage spark ignition electrode 14 is T, the standby time is 2T, and the value of T is determined according to the maximum continuous working time allowed by the high-voltage spark ignition electrode 14, and the working time is 10 seconds in the embodiment.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the control timing of the ignition timing controller of the present embodiment, and the control timing of the ignition timing controller is: 0 second to T second, the time sequence controller controls the ignition of the high-voltage electric spark electrode A, and the high-voltage electric spark electrodes B and C do not work; the time sequence controller controls the ignition of the No. B high-voltage electric spark electrode and the non-operation of the A and C high-voltage electric spark electrodes within T seconds to 2T seconds; and 2T seconds to 3T seconds, the time sequence controller controls the ignition of the No. C high-voltage electric spark electrode, and the A and B high-voltage electric spark electrodes do not work. And so on.
The tail gas inlet 12 is provided with a tail gas pipeline, and the flame arrester 8 is arranged at one end of the tail gas pipeline close to the tail gas inlet 12. Still be equipped with flowmeter 5, normally open solenoid valve 6 and normally closed solenoid valve 7 on the tail gas pipeline, spark arrester 8 is located between tail gas entry 12 and flowmeter 5, and normally open solenoid valve 6 sets up between flowmeter 5 and normally closed solenoid valve 7, normally closed solenoid valve 7 sets up between spark arrester 8 and normally open solenoid valve 6. The flowmeter 5 is used for measuring the real-time tail gas flow, the rotating speeds of the air feeder 3 and the induced draft fan 4 are adjusted in real time according to the measured flow, the real-time dynamic adjustment of the air distribution ratio is realized, and the tail gas can be promoted to be fully and stably combusted; when the normally open electromagnetic valve 6 is flamed out and the like, the tail gas is cut off emergently; and the normally closed electromagnetic valve 7 is used for controlling tail gas to enter after the system starts to operate.
After the hydrogen fuel cell starts to operate and the tail gas containing the combustible gas starts to enter the device of the embodiment of the invention, the induced draft fan 4 starts to operate and discharges the residual combustible gas in the system; after the draught fan 4 operates for a plurality of seconds, the blower 3 starts to operate to create an oxygen-enriched environment for the combustor 1 and the hearth 2; then, the ignition electrode timing controller 9 controls the first high-voltage spark ignition electrode 14-1, the second high-voltage spark ignition electrode 14-2 and the third high-voltage spark ignition electrode 14-3 to act to generate electric sparks; and finally, opening the normally closed electromagnetic valve 7, enabling the tail gas to enter the combustor 1, and igniting the tail gas by using the electric spark as an ignition source.
After the tail gas starts to burn, the ignition electrode time schedule controller 9 continues to act, electric sparks are continuously generated according to a control time schedule to serve as an on-duty flame, and when the power of the hydrogen fuel cell changes, the tail gas flow and the concentration of combustible gas change accordingly, the tail gas is continuously ignited, the combustion stability is guaranteed, and the flameout phenomenon is avoided.
When the hydrogen fuel cell finishes running and the reading of the flow meter 5 is zero, firstly, the electromagnetic valve 7 is normally closed; secondly, the blower 3 is closed; subsequently, the ignition electrode timing controller 9 is turned off. Stopping the generation of the ignition spark; after several seconds, the induced draft fan 4 is closed, and the tail gas treatment device stops running.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the technical solution of the present invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solution can be modified and replaced by a plurality of simple modifications and replacements without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention, and the modifications and replacements also fall into the protection scope covered by the claims.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a device for hydrogen fuel cell tail gas treatment, its characterized in that, includes combustor (1), furnace (2), forced draught blower (3), draught fan (4) and spark arrester (8), furnace (2) are connected with combustor (1), the entry of draught fan (4) is connected with exhanst gas outlet (20) of furnace (2), combustor (1) is including nozzle body (10), flame detector (13) and high voltage electric spark ignition electrode (14), air inlet (11) and tail gas entry (12) have been seted up on nozzle body (10), nozzle body (10) are double-barrelled sleeve structure, including outer annular space and inlayer space, air inlet (11) and outer annular space intercommunication, tail gas entry (12) and inlayer space intercommunication; the mouth of the burner body (10) is a mixed part of air and tail gas, a flame detector (13) and a high-voltage electric spark ignition electrode (14) extend into the burner body (10), and the flame arrester (8) is arranged at a tail gas inlet (12); the outlet of the blower (3) is connected with the air inlet (11).
2. The device for treating the tail gas of the hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein in use, the flame detector (13) and the high-voltage spark ignition electrode (14) are inserted from the tail part of the burner body (10), and the head part of the high-voltage spark ignition electrode (14) extends to the mixing part of the air and the tail gas in the burner body (10).
3. The apparatus for hydrogen fuel cell off-gas treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that the high-voltage electric spark ignition electrode (14) is provided in plurality.
4. The apparatus for hydrogen fuel cell off-gas treatment according to claim 3, wherein the burner (1) is further provided with an ignition electrode timing controller (9) for controlling the high voltage electric spark ignition electrodes (14) to ignite in sequence.
5. The apparatus for hydrogen fuel cell tail gas treatment according to claim 4, characterized in that the ignition electrode timing controller (9) controls the alternate ignition of the high voltage electric spark ignition electrodes (14) with a pulse voltage sequence.
6. The device for hydrogen fuel cell tail gas treatment according to claim 1, wherein the furnace (2) comprises a shell (16), a refractory heat-insulating material (17), a porous filling material (18) and a thermocouple (19), the refractory heat-insulating material (17) is arranged on the inner wall of the shell (16), the porous filling material (18) is positioned inside the shell (16), the flue gas outlet (20) is communicated with the inside of the shell (16), one end of the thermocouple (19) extends out of the shell (16), the other end of the thermocouple is positioned at the communication position of the shell (16) and the flue gas outlet (20), and the outer wall of the shell (16) is connected with the outer wall of the mouth of the burner body (10).
7. The device for hydrogen fuel cell tail gas treatment according to claim 1, characterized in that the tail gas inlet (12) is provided with a tail gas duct, and the flame arrester (8) is arranged at an end of the tail gas duct close to the tail gas inlet (12).
8. The apparatus for hydrogen fuel cell tail gas treatment according to claim 7, characterized in that the tail gas pipeline is further provided with a flow meter (5), and the flame arrester (8) is located between the tail gas inlet (12) and the flow meter (5).
9. The device for hydrogen fuel cell tail gas treatment according to claim 8, wherein the tail gas pipe is further provided with a normally open electromagnetic valve (6) and a normally closed electromagnetic valve (7), the normally open electromagnetic valve (6) is arranged between the flow meter (5) and the normally closed electromagnetic valve (7), and the normally closed electromagnetic valve (7) is arranged between the flame arrester (8) and the normally open electromagnetic valve (6).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211518001.6A CN115875684A (en) | 2022-11-29 | 2022-11-29 | Device for treating tail gas of hydrogen fuel cell |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202211518001.6A CN115875684A (en) | 2022-11-29 | 2022-11-29 | Device for treating tail gas of hydrogen fuel cell |
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| CN115875684A true CN115875684A (en) | 2023-03-31 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN202211518001.6A Pending CN115875684A (en) | 2022-11-29 | 2022-11-29 | Device for treating tail gas of hydrogen fuel cell |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117308110A (en) * | 2023-09-25 | 2023-12-29 | 成都市齐易机械电气有限责任公司 | Safe type electron flame pilot burner |
-
2022
- 2022-11-29 CN CN202211518001.6A patent/CN115875684A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117308110A (en) * | 2023-09-25 | 2023-12-29 | 成都市齐易机械电气有限责任公司 | Safe type electron flame pilot burner |
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