CN111503647A - Negative pressure ignition and combustion system and method for using negative pressure ignition and stable combustion of system - Google Patents
Negative pressure ignition and combustion system and method for using negative pressure ignition and stable combustion of system Download PDFInfo
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- CN111503647A CN111503647A CN202010279374.7A CN202010279374A CN111503647A CN 111503647 A CN111503647 A CN 111503647A CN 202010279374 A CN202010279374 A CN 202010279374A CN 111503647 A CN111503647 A CN 111503647A
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- combustion
- ignition
- gas
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- negative pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
- F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
- F23G7/061—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases with supplementary heating
- F23G7/065—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases with supplementary heating using gaseous or liquid fuel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
- F23D14/26—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid with provision for a retention flame
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
- F23Q21/00—Devices for effecting ignition from a remote location
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
- F23Q3/00—Igniters using electrically-produced sparks
- F23Q3/008—Structurally associated with fluid-fuel burners
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2209/00—Specific waste
- F23G2209/14—Gaseous waste or fumes
Abstract
The invention discloses a negative pressure ignition and combustion system and a method for using the system to realize negative pressure ignition and stable combustion, wherein the negative pressure ignition and stable combustion system comprises: the device comprises a gas and combustion-supporting gas supply module, a burner module, a combustion chamber module and a pressure control module; the gas and combustion-supporting gas supply module comprises a gas supply unit and a combustion-supporting gas supply unit; the burner module comprises a burner and an ignition controller; the burner and the waste gas inlet pipe are both arranged on the top cover of the combustion chamber module, and the waste gas inlet pipe and the top cover of the combustion chamber module form a certain inclination angle in the radial direction and the circumferential direction; the pressure control module is used for maintaining the pressure in the combustion chamber at a stable negative pressure, and the magnitude of the negative pressure can be continuously adjusted within a certain range. The system can be used in a closed environment with violent and unstable airflow change, can provide a stable and reliable high-temperature combustion environment for waste gas treatment, realizes non-impact negative-pressure ignition in the ignition process, supplies stable pressure and flow of fuel gas and combustion air in the combustion process, and keeps the negative pressure of the combustion system stable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of waste gas treatment and combustion, and particularly relates to a negative pressure ignition and combustion system and a method for using the system to realize negative pressure ignition and stable combustion.
Background
At present, various combustible waste gas combustion treatment methods exist in the market, but for a closed environment with violent and unstable airflow change, the problems that the pressure fluctuation in the ignition process is violent, the impact on a combustion cavity is large, the deflagration phenomenon is possible to occur, the combustion pressure is difficult to stabilize for a long time, the combustion is insufficient and complete and the like generally exist.
Patent CN 104235875B discloses an umbrella-shaped ignition device, which can realize the large-range contact between the arc spark and the gas, and has good efficiency of igniting and igniting the gas, but has a complex structure and large airflow impact in the ignition process.
Patent CN 1232755C discloses a charged combustion device and its operation method. The device is used for protecting the combustion chamber from the influence of back pressure generated in the combustion process through a radiator/pressure equalizing chamber, but the device has a complex structure, and the flame stability and the reliability of combustion gas are not high enough.
Patent CN 102466231B discloses a cyclone type oxy-fuel combustion device for waste gas treatment, which can generate vortex flame, but has the problems of large pressure impact during ignition process and unstable flame combustion.
Therefore, in view of the problems of the above-mentioned waste gas combustion treatment method, it is necessary to develop a technology capable of realizing non-impact ignition in a closed environment where the gas flow is severely changed and unstable, and providing a stable and reliable high-temperature combustion environment for the treatment of combustible waste gas.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for realizing non-impact ignition and flame stable pressure combustion in a closed space, which is used for providing a stable and reliable high-temperature combustion environment for waste gas treatment in the closed environment with violent and unstable airflow change, realizing non-impact negative pressure ignition in the ignition process, and stable pressure and flow supply of fuel gas and combustion-supporting gas in the combustion process, and keeping the negative pressure stability of a combustion system.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a negative pressure ignition and stable combustion system, the system comprising: the device comprises a gas and combustion-supporting gas supply module, a burner module, a combustion chamber module and a pressure control module; the gas and combustion-supporting gas supply module comprises a gas supply unit and a combustion-supporting gas supply unit; the burner module comprises a burner and an ignition controller; the burner and the waste gas inlet pipe are both arranged on the top cover of the combustion chamber module, and the waste gas inlet pipe and the top cover of the combustion chamber module form a certain inclination angle in the radial direction and the circumferential direction; the pressure control module is used for maintaining the pressure in the combustion chamber at a stable negative pressure, and the magnitude of the negative pressure can be continuously adjusted within a certain range.
Further, the gas supply unit includes: a gas mass flow meter for controlling a gas intake flow rate; the gas pressure reducing valve is used for controlling gas inlet pressure; the high-voltage switch provides upper limit protection for the gas inlet pressure; the low-voltage switch provides lower limit protection for gas inlet pressure; and the gas electromagnetic valve is used for controlling the on-off of gas flow.
Further, the combustion-supporting gas supply unit includes: a combustion-supporting gas mass flow meter for controlling the flow rate of combustion-supporting gas intake; the combustion-supporting gas pressure reducing valve is used for controlling the pressure of the combustion-supporting gas inlet; and the combustion-supporting gas electromagnetic valve is used for controlling the on-off of the combustion-supporting gas flow.
Furthermore, the burner is of a long round tube sleeve structure and consists of an outer cylinder round tube, an inner cylinder round tube, an ignition needle and a flame detection needle; in the combustor, an inner cylinder circular tube is a gas pipeline for circulating gas; an annular bobbin formed between the inner cylinder circular tube and the outer cylinder circular tube is a combustion-supporting gas pipeline for circulating combustion-supporting gas; the ignition needle and the flame detection needle are arranged at the tail end of the combustor, and the tip of the ignition needle discharges and ignites to ignite the fuel gas and the combustion-supporting gas; the flame detection needle is used for detecting whether the ignition is successful.
Further, the ignition controller controls the tip of the ignition needle to discharge and ignite, the flame detection needle detects whether ignition is successful or not and feeds back a signal to the ignition controller, and the ignition controller confirms whether ignition is successful or not and controls the ignition and combustion process.
Furthermore, the distance between the ignition needle and the outer wall of the inner cylinder is not more than 5mm, the flame detection needle and the ignition needle are oppositely arranged, and the extending length of the tail end is 30-40 mm.
Further, the combustion chamber is of a cylindrical structure and comprises from inside to outside: the combustion chamber, the first heat insulation layer, the second heat insulation layer and the cooling water jacket; wherein the combustion chamber is cylindrical and has a wide upper part and a narrow lower part; the first heat insulation layer is in direct contact with the combustion chamber; the second heat insulation layer is positioned between the first heat insulation layer and the cooling water jacket, and the thickness ratio of the first heat insulation layer to the second heat insulation layer is 1: 2-1: 4; in addition, the combustion chamber module also comprises a temperature sensor which extends into the combustion chamber and is used for detecting the temperature of the inner cavity of the combustion chamber.
Further, the pressure control module comprises a spray cooling chamber, a pressure sensor, an induced draft fan and a frequency converter; the induced draft fan is arranged at the rear end of the combustion chamber, the frequency converter adjusts the running frequency of the induced draft fan, so that the pressure in the combustion chamber is maintained in a stable negative pressure state, and the magnitude of the negative pressure can be continuously adjusted within a certain range; the spraying cooling chamber is internally provided with a plurality of paths of spraying water which is continuously sprayed in a radial shape, and a water barrier is formed by the spraying water and used for isolating the high temperature of the combustion chamber; the pressure sensor is used for measuring the pressure in the spray cooling chamber.
In addition, the invention also provides a negative pressure ignition and stable combustion method, and the ignition and combustion method comprises the following steps: (1) introducing cooling water into the spray cooling chamber, and keeping the water flow stable; (2) starting an induced draft fan, forming negative pressure in the combustion chamber and the spray cooling chamber, wherein a pressure sensor measures the pressure in the spray cooling chamber, and a frequency converter adjusts the rotating speed of the induced draft fan; (3) opening a combustion-supporting gas electromagnetic valve, controlling the flow rate of combustion-supporting gas by a combustion-supporting gas mass flowmeter, and controlling the pressure of the combustion-supporting gas by a combustion-supporting gas pressure reducing valve; (4) opening a gas electromagnetic valve, and controlling the gas electromagnetic valve to flow into a combustion chamber in proportion by a gas mass flowmeter; (5) the ignition controller controls the tail end of the burner to discharge, the gas passes through the inner barrel circular tube of the burner from top to bottom, the combustion-supporting gas passes through the outer barrel circular tube of the burner from top to bottom, the two are mixed in the discharge area of the ignition needle, and the gas is ignited after encountering the spark generated by discharge; (6) the pressure sensor detects the pressure of the spray cooling chamber, and the frequency converter adjusts the rotating speed of the induced draft fan according to the pressure value, so that the pressure in the system is controlled to be stable, and a micro-negative pressure state is kept; (7) after the flame probe detects that the ignition is successful, gradually increasing the flow of combustion-supporting gas and the flow of the gas according to a preset ratio of the gas to the combustion-supporting gas, and meanwhile, continuously adjusting the rotating speed of an induced draft fan through a frequency converter to control the pressure in a combustion chamber to be micro negative pressure all the time; (8) repeating the step (7) until the combustion-supporting gas and the fuel gas reach the flow required by normal combustion; (9) the temperature sensor detects the temperature change in the combustion chamber in real time, and controls the temperature of the inner cavity of the combustion chamber to be maintained at the temperature required by the reaction by automatically adjusting the flow of the fuel gas and the combustion-supporting gas; (10) slowly introducing waste gas to be treated.
By adopting the invention, the following beneficial effects can be achieved: the invention can be used in a closed environment with violent and unstable airflow change, can provide a stable and reliable high-temperature combustion environment for waste gas treatment, realizes non-impact negative-pressure ignition in the ignition process, and stable pressure and flow supply of fuel gas and combustion-supporting air in the combustion process, and keeps the negative pressure of a combustion system stable.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic process flow diagram of an adjustable negative pressure ignition and stable combustion apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure and composition of the burner and the combustion chamber of the present invention.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
in the embodiment 1, referring to fig. 1, natural gas is used as fuel gas, compressed air is used as combustion-supporting gas, the volume ratio of the compressed air to the natural gas is 5: 1-15: 1, cooling water is introduced into a spray cooling chamber 51, water flow is kept stable, then an induced draft fan 53 is started, negative pressure is formed in a combustion cavity 41 and the spray cooling chamber 51, a pressure sensor 52 is used for measuring pressure in the spray cooling chamber 51, a frequency converter 54 is used for adjusting the rotating speed of the induced draft fan 53, the vacuum degree in the spray cooling chamber 51 is kept in a range of-0.5 to-1 kPa and is kept constant, then an air electromagnetic valve is started, an air mass flowmeter is used for controlling combustion-supporting air to be introduced into the combustion chamber at a flow rate of 30L/min-50L/min and at a pressure of about 0.1MPa, then the gas electromagnetic valve is started, the natural gas is controlled to be introduced into the combustion chamber according to an air-fuel ratio of 5: 1-15: 1, a corresponding flow rate is controlled by the air mass flowmeter to be introduced into the combustion chamber, the natural gas pressure is controlled to be discharged into the combustion chamber, the natural gas pressure of about 0.1MPa, the ignition controller is used for realizing discharge of the burner, the natural gas passes through an inner cylinder from top to the burner, the ignition system, the ignition needle is controlled to be discharged from the top to the bottom, the top, the bottom, the natural gas is controlled to the ignition system, the pressure of the flame isThe pressure in the combustion chamber is always micro negative pressure. Repeatedly adjusting the air and the natural gas in the above way until the air and the natural gas reach the flow required by normal combustion; the temperature change in the combustion chamber is detected in real time through the temperature sensor 45, and the temperature of the inner cavity of the combustion chamber is controlled to be maintained at the temperature required by the reaction through automatically adjusting the gas and the combustion air amount. Finally, the waste gas to be treated (the component of which is 1% NF) is slowly introduced3Nitrogen) in the closed space, and by the way, impact-free ignition and flame stable-pressure combustion are realized, the system stably runs for 168h, and NF (nitrogen gas) in the period3The test removal rate of (2) is above 99%.
In embodiment 2, referring to fig. 1, hydrogen is used as fuel gas, oxygen is used as combustion air, the volume ratio of hydrogen to oxygen is 1.5: 1-2.5: 1, cooling water is introduced into the spray cooling chamber 45, water flow is kept stable, an induced draft fan 52 is started, negative pressure is formed in the combustion chamber 41 and the spray cooling chamber 45, a pressure sensor 51 is used for measuring pressure in the spray cooling chamber 45, the rotating speed of the induced draft fan 52 is adjusted by a frequency converter 53, the vacuum degree in the spray cooling chamber 45 is kept in a range of-0.5 to-1 kPa and kept constant, then an oxygen electromagnetic valve is started, a combustion oxygen mass flow meter is used for controlling combustion oxygen to be introduced into the combustion chamber at a flow rate of 10L/min to 20L/min and at a pressure of about 0.1MPa, then the fuel gas is started, the hydrogen is introduced into the combustion chamber according to a ratio of hydrogen to 2:1 of hydrogen to the hydrogen mass flow meter, the corresponding flow is controlled by a hydrogen mass flow meter, the hydrogen pressure of the hydrogen is controlled to be introduced into the combustion chamber, the hydrogen pressure of an ignition needle discharge is controlled by an ignition controller, the ignition needle, the hydrogen inner cylinder passes through the burner from top to bottom, the ignition circular tube, the oxygen gas and the ignition needle is controlled to be ignited, the flame discharge, the flame is ignited into the flame, the flame is ignited, the flame is.
Although only the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, it should be understood that many modifications and variations can be made by those skilled in the art without inventive faculty, and therefore, all technical solutions which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning or limited experiments based on the prior art, equivalent structures or equivalent procedures using the contents of the specification and the drawings of the present invention, or which can be directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, should fall within the scope of protection defined by the claims of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a negative pressure ignition and stable combustion system which characterized in that: the system comprises: the device comprises a gas and combustion-supporting gas supply module, a burner module, a combustion chamber module and a pressure control module; the gas and combustion-supporting gas supply module comprises a gas supply unit and a combustion-supporting gas supply unit; the burner module comprises a burner and an ignition controller; the burner and the waste gas inlet pipe are both arranged on the top cover of the combustion chamber module, and the waste gas inlet pipe and the top cover of the combustion chamber module form a certain inclination angle in the radial direction and the circumferential direction; the pressure control module is used for maintaining the pressure in the combustion chamber at a stable negative pressure, and the magnitude of the negative pressure can be continuously adjusted within a certain range.
2. The negative pressure ignition and stable combustion system of claim 1, wherein: the gas supply unit includes: a gas mass flow meter for controlling a gas intake flow rate; the gas pressure reducing valve is used for controlling gas inlet pressure; the high-voltage switch provides upper limit protection for the gas inlet pressure; the low-voltage switch provides lower limit protection for gas inlet pressure; and the gas electromagnetic valve is used for controlling the on-off of gas flow.
3. The negative pressure ignition and stable combustion system of claim 1, wherein: the combustion-supporting gas supply unit includes: a combustion-supporting gas mass flow meter for controlling the flow rate of combustion-supporting gas intake; the combustion-supporting gas pressure reducing valve is used for controlling the pressure of the combustion-supporting gas inlet; and the combustion-supporting gas electromagnetic valve is used for controlling the on-off of the combustion-supporting gas flow.
4. The negative pressure ignition and stable combustion system of claim 1, wherein: the burner is of a long round tube sleeve structure and consists of an outer cylinder round tube, an inner cylinder round tube, an ignition needle and a flame detection needle; in the combustor, an inner cylinder circular tube is a gas pipeline for circulating gas; an annular bobbin formed between the inner cylinder circular tube and the outer cylinder circular tube is a combustion-supporting gas pipeline for circulating combustion-supporting gas; the ignition needle and the flame detection needle are arranged at the tail end of the combustor, and the tip of the ignition needle discharges and ignites to ignite the fuel gas and the combustion-supporting gas; the flame detection needle is used for detecting whether the ignition is successful.
5. The negative pressure ignition and stable combustion system of claim 1, wherein: the ignition controller controls the tip of the ignition needle to discharge and ignite, the flame detection needle detects whether ignition is successful or not and feeds back a signal to the ignition controller, and the ignition controller confirms whether ignition is successful or not and controls the ignition and combustion process.
6. The negative pressure ignition and stable combustion system of claim 4, wherein: the distance between the ignition needle and the outer wall of the inner cylinder is not more than 5mm, the flame detection needle and the ignition needle are oppositely arranged, and the extending length of the tail end is 30-40 mm.
7. The negative pressure ignition and stable combustion system of claim 1, wherein: the combustion chamber is of a cylindrical structure and comprises the following components from inside to outside: the combustion chamber, the first heat insulation layer, the second heat insulation layer and the cooling water jacket; wherein the combustion chamber is cylindrical and has a wide upper part and a narrow lower part; the first heat insulation layer is in direct contact with the combustion chamber; the second heat insulation layer is positioned between the first heat insulation layer and the cooling water jacket, and the thickness ratio of the first heat insulation layer to the second heat insulation layer is 1: 2-1: 4; in addition, the combustion chamber module also comprises a temperature sensor which extends into the combustion chamber and is used for detecting the temperature of the inner cavity of the combustion chamber.
8. The negative pressure ignition and stable combustion system of claim 1, wherein: the pressure control module comprises a spray cooling chamber, a pressure sensor, an induced draft fan and a frequency converter; the induced draft fan is arranged at the rear end of the combustion chamber, the frequency converter adjusts the running frequency of the induced draft fan, so that the pressure in the combustion chamber is maintained in a stable negative pressure state, and the magnitude of the negative pressure can be continuously adjusted within a certain range; the spraying cooling chamber is internally provided with a plurality of paths of spraying water which is continuously sprayed in a radial shape, and a water barrier is formed by the spraying water and used for isolating the high temperature of the combustion chamber; the pressure sensor is used for measuring the pressure in the spray cooling chamber.
9. An ignition and combustion method using the negative pressure ignition and stable combustion system as claimed in claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: the ignition and combustion comprises the following steps: (1) introducing cooling water into the spray cooling chamber, and keeping the water flow stable; (2) starting an induced draft fan, forming negative pressure in the combustion chamber and the spray cooling chamber, wherein a pressure sensor measures the pressure in the spray cooling chamber, and a frequency converter adjusts the rotating speed of the induced draft fan; (3) opening a combustion-supporting gas electromagnetic valve, controlling the flow rate of combustion-supporting gas by a combustion-supporting gas mass flowmeter, and controlling the pressure of the combustion-supporting gas by a combustion-supporting gas pressure reducing valve; (4) opening a gas electromagnetic valve, and controlling the gas electromagnetic valve to flow into a combustion chamber in proportion by a gas mass flowmeter; (5) the ignition controller controls the tail end of the burner to discharge, the gas passes through the inner barrel circular tube of the burner from top to bottom, the combustion-supporting gas passes through the outer barrel circular tube of the burner from top to bottom, the two are mixed in the discharge area of the ignition needle, and the gas is ignited after encountering the spark generated by discharge; (6) the pressure sensor detects the pressure of the spray cooling chamber, and the frequency converter adjusts the rotating speed of the induced draft fan according to the pressure value, so that the pressure in the system is controlled to be stable, and a micro-negative pressure state is kept; (7) after the flame probe detects that the ignition is successful, gradually increasing the flow of combustion-supporting gas and the flow of the gas according to a preset ratio of the gas to the combustion-supporting gas, and meanwhile, continuously adjusting the rotating speed of an induced draft fan through a frequency converter to control the pressure in a combustion chamber to be micro negative pressure all the time; (8) repeating the step (7) until the combustion-supporting gas and the fuel gas reach the flow required by normal combustion; (9) the temperature sensor detects the temperature change in the combustion chamber in real time, and controls the temperature of the inner cavity of the combustion chamber to be maintained at the temperature required by the reaction by automatically adjusting the flow of the fuel gas and the combustion-supporting gas; (10) slowly introducing waste gas to be treated.
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN113483334A (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2021-10-08 | 陕西青朗万城环保科技有限公司 | Method and device for enhancing combustion of solid particles by microwaves |
CN114263913A (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2022-04-01 | 北京京仪自动化装备技术股份有限公司 | Method for controlling exhaust gas treatment combustion apparatus and exhaust gas treatment combustion apparatus |
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2020
- 2020-04-10 CN CN202010279374.7A patent/CN111503647A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN113483334A (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2021-10-08 | 陕西青朗万城环保科技有限公司 | Method and device for enhancing combustion of solid particles by microwaves |
CN114263913A (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2022-04-01 | 北京京仪自动化装备技术股份有限公司 | Method for controlling exhaust gas treatment combustion apparatus and exhaust gas treatment combustion apparatus |
CN114263913B (en) * | 2021-12-14 | 2023-10-13 | 北京京仪自动化装备技术股份有限公司 | Control method of exhaust gas treatment combustion device and exhaust gas treatment combustion device |
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