CN114277422A - Tin-graphene composite brush plating solution and preparation method of aluminum matrix surface plating layer - Google Patents
Tin-graphene composite brush plating solution and preparation method of aluminum matrix surface plating layer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a tin-graphene composite brush plating solution and a preparation method of an aluminum matrix surface plating layer, and belongs to the technical field of metal surface treatment. The tin-graphene composite brush plating solution provided by the invention comprises the following components: 20-40 g/L of soluble stannous salt, 0.1-0.5 g/L of graphene, 50-80 g/L of sulfuric acid, 60-80 g/L of pH stabilizer, 2-8 g/L of chelating agent, 1-2 g/L of surfactant, 1-2 g/L of antioxidant, 2-4 g/L of polar solvent and water. The coating prepared by the brush plating solution provided by the invention is uniform and flat, has high adhesive force and excellent conductivity and wear resistance, and can reduce the generation of frictional heat.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal surface treatment, in particular to a tin-graphene composite brush plating solution and a preparation method of an aluminum substrate surface plating layer.
Background
Tribology is a scientific technology for studying the interaction surfaces of relative motion in the friction and wear processes and the theory and practice related to the interaction surfaces, and with the rapid development of the scientific technology, the use conditions of friction pairs are increasingly severe and complicated. Among them, current-carrying friction is also receiving increasing attention. The current-carrying frictional wear refers to the frictional wear behavior of relative movement of the grinding pair under the condition of electrical contact. The current-carrying friction wear is mainly embodied in power transmission systems, railway traffic systems (high-speed rails, trams and the like), industrial generators, electromagnetic rail guns, rocket launching rectification systems and the like. The aluminum alloy has the characteristics of low cost, light weight, high conductivity and the like, and is often used as an armature material for current-carrying friction working conditions. However, under the current-carrying friction working condition, the aluminum alloy armature can be subjected to mechanical abrasion, electrical abrasion and electric arc abrasion, huge temperature rise can be generated, the phenomenon of aluminum adhesion on the guide rail is easily generated, and the service life of the guide rail is reduced. In the past, many scholars at home and abroad study from the perspective of enhancing the performance of the guide rail more, and influence of the armature as friction on temperature rise and aluminum adhesion of the guide rail in the friction process is ignored.
In order to effectively solve or alleviate the problems, an aluminum armature coating is designed in the prior art, and the current-carrying friction performance of the aluminum armature can be optimized on the basis of not sacrificing the originally good conductivity of the aluminum armature. For example, Deutton (Deutton, Lorbeche, Luqing, Wange, Zhang qian. graphene coating influences the sliding electrical contact performance of electromagnetic rail cannon [ J ] Cannon launch and control study, 2018,39(02):1-5+ 3; Rebeston, Deutton, Luqing Aha, Zhang qian, Wange Chang. test study of the influence of graphene coating on the performance of electromagnetic rail cannon [ J ] high voltage technology, 2019,45(06):1929-1935.) and other people utilize the excellent mechanical, electrical and thermal properties of graphene to prepare graphene coating on the surface of an armature through a dropping method, and analyze the application of the graphene coating on a pivot rail interface through theoretical analysis simulation study and launch test. The results show that: the graphene coating is beneficial to improving the electric contact state between the pivot rail interfaces and has good through-current capacity. The graphene coating has positive effects on improving the armature relative speed and reducing the generation of heat between interfaces, and has the effects of arc ablation resistance and lubrication. However, the pure graphene coating has low binding force with a substrate, is not wear-resistant, and is not suitable for engineering application. Meanwhile, graphene has a serious agglomeration problem and is difficult to uniformly disperse into a system, so that a uniform coating cannot be obtained when a coating containing graphene is prepared on the surface of an aluminum substrate, so that an aluminum alloy is difficult to obtain a good lubricating effect, and the wear resistance is poor.
Therefore, how to improve the bonding force between the plating layer and the aluminum substrate, improve the conductivity and the wear resistance, and reduce the generation of the frictional heat becomes a technical problem to be solved in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a tin-graphene composite brush plating solution and a preparation method of an aluminum matrix surface plating layer.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a tin-graphene composite brush plating solution which comprises the following components: 20-40 g/L of soluble stannous salt, 0.1-0.5 g/L of graphene, 50-80 g/L of sulfuric acid, 60-80 g/L of pH stabilizer, 2-8 g/L of chelating agent, 1-2 g/L of surfactant, 1-2 g/L of antioxidant, 2-4 g/L of polar solvent and water.
Preferably, the soluble tin salt comprises SnSO4、SnCl2And Sn (NO)3)2One kind of (1).
Preferably, the graphene is a single-layer graphene powder.
Preferably, the pH stabilizer comprises one of ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate and ammonium chloride.
Preferably, the chelating agent comprises one of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid and potassium sodium tartrate.
Preferably, the surfactant comprises one of sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and sodium fatty alcohol acyl sulfate.
Preferably, the antioxidant comprises one of ascorbic acid, tea polyphenols and tocopherols.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the aluminum substrate surface coating, which comprises the following steps:
(1) performing brush plating on the surface of the aluminum substrate by adopting a copper plating solution to obtain a copper-plated aluminum substrate;
(2) performing brush plating on the surface of the pre-plated copper-aluminum substrate obtained in the step (1) by using a tin-graphene composite brush plating solution to obtain an aluminum-based tin-graphene composite plating material; the tin-graphene composite brush plating solution is the tin-graphene composite brush plating solution in the technical scheme.
Preferably, the power supply voltage of the brush plating in the step (2) is 8-12V, and the brush plating time is 8-12 min.
Preferably, the relative speed of brush plating in the step (2) is 10-15 m/min.
The invention provides a tin-graphene composite brush plating solution which comprises the following components: 20-40 g/L of soluble stannous salt, 0.1-0.5 g/L of graphene, 50-80 g/L of sulfuric acid, 60-80 g/L of pH stabilizer, 2-8 g/L of chelating agent, 1-2 g/L of surfactant, 1-2 g/L of antioxidant, 2-4 g/L of polar solvent and water. The graphene in the brush plating solution provided by the invention has excellent electrical conductivity and lubricating property, so that the obtained composite plating layer has excellent electrical conductivity and lubricating property, and simultaneously the graphene can also play a role in refining grains, so that the structure of the plating layer is more compact, and the graphene has excellent wear resistance, has excellent thermal conductivity, and can quickly dissipate heat generated by friction, thereby effectively reducing the generation of frictional heat; the soluble tin salt is reduced into tin during brush plating, has the characteristics of soft texture, low melting point and good conductivity, can improve the lubricating effect of the coating, and can melt the metal tin into liquid when the temperature is increased to form a liquid lubricating film, thereby effectively reducing the temperature rise of a contact surface and improving the wear resistance; sulfuric acid and an antioxidant can avoid oxidation of stannous ions, and the polar solvent and the surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate can enable graphene to be dispersed in the brush plating solution more stably, so that agglomeration of graphene is reduced, a plating layer is more uniform and smooth, the adhesive force is higher, and the wear resistance is better.
The results of the examples show that the aluminum-based tin-graphene composite material obtained by brush plating the tin-graphene composite brush plating solution on the surface of an aluminum substrate has the conductivity of 43-47% IACS, the friction coefficient of 0.18-0.24 and the wear rate of 4.29 × 10-14～5.94×10-14m3And (N · m), the bonding force of the tin-graphene composite plating layer and the aluminum matrix can reach 15.6-18.0 MPa, the bonding force is high, and the tin-graphene composite plating layer is compact in structure and is firmly bonded on the surface of the aluminum matrix.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an aluminum-based tin-graphene composite material prepared by an application example of the present invention;
fig. 2 is an SEM image of the tin-graphene composite plating layer of application example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a tin-graphene composite brush plating solution which comprises the following components: 20-40 g/L of soluble stannous salt, 0.1-0.5 g/L of graphene, 50-80 g/L of sulfuric acid, 60-80 g/L of pH stabilizer, 2-8 g/L of chelating agent, 1-2 g/L of surfactant, 1-2 g/L of antioxidant, 2-4 g/L of polar solvent and water.
The tin-graphene composite brush plating solution provided by the invention comprises 20-40 g/L of soluble stannous salt, preferably 20-40 g/L, more preferably 25-35 g/L, and most preferably 30 g/L. The invention can reduce the soluble tin salt into tin during brush plating by adding the soluble tin salt and controlling the concentration of the soluble tin salt within the range, has the characteristics of soft texture, low melting point and good conductivity, can improve the lubricating effect of the coating, and can effectively reduce the temperature rise of a contact surface and improve the wear resistance because the metal tin can be melted into liquid when the temperature is increased to form a liquid lubricating film.
In the present invention, the soluble tin salt preferably comprises SnSO4、SnCl2And Sn (NO)3)2More preferably SnSO4。
The tin-graphene composite brush plating solution provided by the invention comprises 0.1-0.5 g/L of graphene, preferably 0.15-0.45 g/L, more preferably 0.2-0.4 g/L, and most preferably 0.3 g/L. According to the invention, by adding the graphene and controlling the concentration of the graphene within the range, the graphene has excellent electrical conductivity and lubricating property, so that the obtained composite coating has excellent electrical conductivity and lubricating property, and the graphene also has the effect of refining grains, so that the coating structure is more compact, and thus the coating has excellent wear resistance, and the graphene also has excellent thermal conductivity, so that the heat generated by friction can be rapidly dissipated, and the generation of friction heat can be effectively reduced.
In the present invention, the graphene is preferably a single-layer graphene powder. The method is more favorable for improving the conductivity and the lubricating property of the tin-graphene composite coating by selecting the single-layer graphene powder.
The tin-graphene composite brush plating solution provided by the invention comprises 50-80 g/L of sulfuric acid, preferably 55-75 g/L, more preferably 60-70 g/L, and most preferably 65 g/L. According to the invention, the sulfuric acid is added, and the concentration of the sulfuric acid is controlled within the range, so that the tin-graphene composite brush plating solution can obtain good conductivity during brush plating, and the tin-graphene composite brush plating solution is maintained under an acidic condition, so that oxidation of stannous ions and oxidation of tin and graphene in a plating layer formed in the brush plating process can be avoided.
The tin-graphene composite brush plating solution provided by the invention comprises 60-80 g/L of pH stabilizer, preferably 62-78 g/L, more preferably 65-75 g/L, and most preferably 70 g/L. The invention is more beneficial to the stable maintenance of the composite brush plating solution system in an acidic condition by adding the pH stabilizer and controlling the content of the pH stabilizer in the range, thereby being more beneficial to the discharge crystallization of stannous ions on the surface of a negative electrode (workpiece) to form a uniform plating layer.
In the present invention, the pH stabilizer preferably includes one of ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate and ammonium chloride, and more preferably ammonium sulfate.
The tin-graphene composite brush plating solution provided by the invention comprises 2-8 g/L of chelating agent, preferably 3-7 g/L, more preferably 4-6 g/L, and most preferably 5 g/L. According to the invention, the chelating agent is added, and the concentration of the chelating agent is controlled within the range, so that ions of other components can be complexed, and the ion concentration in the system is stabilized, so that the ion concentration is stably changed in the reduction process of the brush plating, the formed plating layer is more uniform and compact, and the conductivity, the lubricity and the wear resistance of the plating layer are improved.
In the present invention, the chelating agent preferably includes one of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid, and potassium sodium tartrate, and more preferably, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.
The tin-graphene composite brush plating solution provided by the invention comprises 1-2 g/L of surfactant, preferably 1.2-1.8 g/L, more preferably 1.4-1.6 g/L, and most preferably 1.5 g/L. According to the invention, by adding the surfactant and controlling the concentration of the surfactant within the range, the components in the composite plating solution system can be uniformly dispersed, the graphene agglomeration is avoided, the formed uniform plating layer is uniform and compact, and the conductivity, lubricity and wear resistance of the plating layer are improved.
In the present invention, the surfactant preferably includes one of sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate and sodium fatty alcohol acyl sulfate, more preferably sodium lauryl sulfate.
The tin-graphene composite brush plating solution provided by the invention comprises 1-2 g/L of antioxidant, preferably 1.2-1.8 g/L, more preferably 1.4-1.6 g/L, and most preferably 1.5 g/L. According to the invention, by adding the antioxidant and controlling the concentration of the antioxidant within the range, oxidation of stannous ions can be avoided, and oxidation of tin and graphene in a plating layer formed in the process of brush plating can be avoided.
In the present invention, the antioxidant preferably includes one of ascorbic acid, tea polyphenol and tocopherol, and more preferably ascorbic acid.
The tin-graphene composite brush plating solution provided by the invention comprises 2-4 g/L of polar solvent, preferably 2.2-3.8 g/L, more preferably 2.5-3.5 g/L, and most preferably 3 g/L. According to the invention, the polar solvent is added, and the concentration of the polar solvent is controlled within the range, so that the graphene can be dispersed in the brush plating solution more stably, the aggregation of the graphene is reduced, and the plating layer is more uniform and smooth, has higher adhesive force and better wear resistance.
In the present invention, the polar solvent preferably includes one of N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylsulfoxide and N, N-dimethylformamide, and more preferably N-methylpyrrolidone.
The tin-graphene composite brush plating solution provided by the invention comprises water.
In the present invention, the content of the water is preferably determined according to the pH of the tin-graphene composite brush plating solution.
In the invention, the pH value of the tin-graphene composite brush plating solution is preferably 4-5. According to the invention, the pH value of the tin-graphene composite brush plating solution is controlled within the range, so that the tin-graphene composite brush plating solution can obtain good conductivity during brush plating, and the tin-graphene composite brush plating solution is maintained under an acidic condition, so that oxidation of stannous ions and oxidation of tin and graphene in a plating layer formed in the brush plating process can be avoided.
In the present invention, the method for preparing the tin-graphene composite brush plating solution preferably includes: mixing soluble stannous salt, graphene, sulfuric acid, a pH stabilizer, a chelating agent, a surfactant, an antioxidant, a polar solvent and water, and then performing ultrasonic dispersion to obtain the tin-graphene composite brush plating solution.
According to the invention, by controlling the component types and the mass concentration of the tin-graphene composite brush plating solution, the bonding force between the tin-graphene composite and the substrate, and the conductivity and the wear resistance can be improved.
The operation of mixing and ultrasonic dispersion is not particularly limited in the invention, and the uniformly dispersed tin-graphene composite brush plating solution can be obtained by adopting the operation of mixing and ultrasonic dispersion well known to those skilled in the art. In the invention, the time for ultrasonic dispersion is preferably 25-35 min, and more preferably 30 min.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the aluminum substrate surface coating, which comprises the following steps:
(1) performing brush plating on the surface of the aluminum substrate by adopting a copper plating solution to obtain a copper-plated aluminum substrate;
(2) performing brush plating on the surface of the pre-plated copper-aluminum substrate obtained in the step (1) by using a tin-graphene composite brush plating solution to obtain an aluminum-based tin-graphene composite plating material; the tin-graphene composite brush plating solution is the tin-graphene composite brush plating solution adopting the technical scheme.
The invention adopts copper plating solution to carry out brush plating on the surface of an aluminum matrix to obtain the copper-plated aluminum matrix. According to the invention, the surface of the aluminum substrate is plated with copper, so that the bonding force between the tin-graphene composite coating and the aluminum substrate can be effectively improved, the stripping of the tin-graphene composite coating caused by stress in a friction pair is avoided, and the wear resistance of the composite coating can be improved.
In the present invention, the aluminum substrate is preferably subjected to cleaning treatment and activation treatment in this order before being subjected to brush plating.
In the invention, the cleaning treatment preferably comprises grinding, alkali washing, acid washing, ultrasonic treatment, electric cleaning oil removal and water washing which are sequentially carried out, and the grinding preferably adopts No. 800, No. 1000 and No. 1500 sand paper for grinding; the solvent for alkali washing is preferably a NaOH solution with the mass concentration of 10%; the pickling solvent is preferably a nitric acid solution with the mass concentration of 5-10%; the time for alkali washing and acid washing is preferably 1-5 min independently, and more preferably 3 min; the solvent for ultrasonic cleaning is preferably absolute ethyl alcohol; the ultrasonic cleaning time is preferably 10-20 min, and more preferably 15 min. In the invention, the power supply voltage of the electric clean oil removal is preferably 8-12V, and more preferably 10V; the time for electrically cleaning and removing oil is preferably 1-5 min, and more preferably 3 min. The invention has no special requirements on the operation of electric cleaning degreasing fluid and water washing, and the operation of electric cleaning degreasing fluid and water washing which are well known in the field can ensure that the aluminum matrix can achieve good cleaning effect.
In the present invention, the activation treatment preferably includes strong activation treatment and weak activation treatment which are sequentially performed. The invention can effectively improve the activity of the surface of the aluminum matrix by carrying out strong activation treatment and weak activation treatment, and is more favorable for improving the binding force between the composite coating and the surface of the aluminum matrix, thereby being more favorable for improving the wear resistance of the composite coating.
In the invention, the power supply voltage of the strong activation treatment is preferably 8-12V, more preferably 9-11V, and most preferably 10V; the time of the strong activation treatment is preferably 0.5-1.5 min, more preferably 0.8-1.2 min, and most preferably 1 min; the relative speed of the strong activation treatment is preferably 12-15 m/min, and more preferably 13-14 m/min.
The agent used in the strong activation treatment of the present invention is not particularly limited, and a commercially available strong activation treatment known to those skilled in the art may be used. In the present invention, the agent used for the strong activation treatment is preferably 2# activation solution.
In the present invention, it is preferable to perform water washing after the completion of the strong activation treatment. The invention has no special requirements on the washing operation, and the washing operation known by the technicians in the field can ensure that the strongly activated reagent is cleaned.
In the invention, the power supply voltage of the weak activation treatment is preferably 6-8V, more preferably 7-8V, and most preferably 8V; the time of the weak activation treatment is preferably 2-3 min, more preferably 2-2.5 min, and most preferably 2 min; the relative speed of the weak activation treatment is preferably 8-10 m/min, and more preferably 9 m/min.
In the present invention, the agent for the weak activation treatment is preferably an aluminum activation solution. The aluminum activating solution of the present invention is not particularly limited, and commercially available aluminum activating solutions known to those skilled in the art may be used.
In the present invention, it is preferable to perform water washing after the completion of the weak activation treatment. The invention has no special requirements on the washing operation, and the washing operation known by the technicians in the field can ensure that the weakly activated reagent is cleaned.
In the invention, the electroplating pen is preferably replaced before the copper plating solution is used for carrying out brush plating on the surface of the aluminum substrate. The invention is more beneficial to improving the cleanliness of the plating layer by replacing the plating pen, and avoids introducing other impurities into the plating layer.
In the invention, when the copper plating solution is adopted to carry out brush plating on the surface of the aluminum substrate, the power supply voltage of the brush plating is preferably 9-12V, more preferably 10-11V, and most preferably 10V; the time of the electric brush plating is preferably 1-3 min, and more preferably 2 min; the relative speed of the brush plating is preferably 6-8 m/min, and more preferably 7 m/min.
The invention has no special requirement on the source of the copper plating solution, and the commercial copper plating solution which is well known to the technical personnel in the field can ensure that the copper plating layer is formed on the surface of the aluminum substrate in advance.
After the copper-plated aluminum matrix is obtained, carrying out electric brush plating on the surface of the copper-plated aluminum matrix by using a tin-graphene composite brush plating solution to obtain an aluminum-based tin-graphene composite plating material.
In the invention, the tin-graphene composite brush plating solution is the tin-graphene composite brush plating solution adopting the technical scheme.
In the invention, the electroplating pen is preferably replaced before the tin-graphene composite brush plating solution is adopted to perform the brush plating on the surface of the copper-plated aluminum matrix. The invention is more beneficial to improving the cleanliness of the plating layer by replacing the plating pen, and avoids introducing other impurities into the plating layer.
In the invention, when the tin-graphene composite brush plating solution is adopted to carry out brush plating on the surface of the copper-plated aluminum matrix, the power supply voltage of the brush plating is preferably 8-12V, more preferably 9-11V, and most preferably 10V; the time of the brush plating is preferably 8-12 min, more preferably 9-11 min, and most preferably 10 min. The invention is more beneficial to improving the deposition efficiency and the deposition uniformity of the coating by controlling the power supply voltage and the electroplating time of the brush electroplating.
In the invention, when the tin-graphene composite brush plating solution is adopted to carry out brush plating on the surface of the copper-plated aluminum matrix, the relative speed of the brush plating is preferably 10-15 m/min, more preferably 11-14 m/min, and most preferably 12-13 m/min. According to the invention, by controlling the relative speed of the brush plating within the range, the stable and uniform deposition of the plating layer is facilitated, the plating layer is more uniform and compact, and the conductivity and the wear resistance of the plating layer are improved.
The preparation method of the aluminum substrate surface coating provided by the invention is simple and feasible, safe and effective, and the prepared graphene composite coating is uniform and compact, has high bonding force with the substrate, and has excellent conductivity and wear resistance.
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Examples
The components of the tin-graphene composite brush plating solutions provided in examples 1 to 4 are shown in table 1.
Table 1 components of tin-graphene composite brush plating solutions provided in examples 1-4
| Components | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 |
| Soluble stannous salt (stannous sulfate)) | 30g/L | 40g/L | 20g/L | 40g/L |
| Graphene (Single layer graphene powder) | 0.1g/L | 0.2g/L | 0.3g/L | 0.5g/L |
| Sulfuric acid | 60g/L | 50g/L | 50g/L | 80g/L |
| PH stabilizer (ammonium sulfate) | 70g/L | 80g/L | 60g/L | 80g/L |
| Chelating agent (ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid) | 5g/L | 6g/L | 2g/L | 8g/L |
| Surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate) | 1g/L | 1.5g/L | 1.5g/L | 2g/L |
| Antioxidant (ascorbic acid) | 1.5g/L | 2g/L | 1g/L | 2g/L |
| Polar solvent (N-methyl pyrrolidone) | 2g/L | 3g/L | 3g/L | 4g/L |
| Water (W) | -- | -- | -- | -- |
The preparation method of the tin-graphene composite brush plating solution provided in the embodiments 1 to 4 is the same, and specifically comprises the following steps: soluble stannous salt, graphene, sulfuric acid, a pH stabilizer, a chelating agent, a surfactant, an antioxidant, and a polar solvent were mixed and subjected to ultrasonic dispersion for 30min, to obtain a total of 4 sets of tin-graphene composite brush plating solutions (pH 4) of examples 1 to 4.
Application example
The preparation method of the aluminum-based tin-graphene composite material by performing brush plating on the surface of the aluminum substrate with the 4 sets of tin-graphene composite brush plating solutions of the embodiments 1 to 4 includes:
(1) cleaning the aluminum alloy:
firstly, grinding a 6061 aluminum alloy surface by using 800#, 1000#, 1500# abrasive paper, then soaking in 10% NaOH solution and 10% nitric acid solution for 3 minutes respectively, and then soaking in absolute ethyl alcohol for ultrasonic cleaning for 15 minutes.
Electric cleaning and oil removal: the pretreated aluminum alloy is connected with a negative electrode of a power supply, a plating pen is connected with a positive electrode, the voltage is 10V, oil is removed by using electric cleaning liquid for 3 minutes, the relative speed is 8m/min, and the aluminum alloy is washed by clear water.
(2) Activation treatment of aluminum alloy
Strong activation treatment: connecting the aluminum alloy with the positive electrode of a power supply, connecting the plating pen with the negative electrode, performing strong activation for 1 minute by using 2# activation liquid at a relative speed of 12m/min, and washing by using clear water.
Weak activation treatment: connecting the aluminum alloy with the negative pole of a power supply, connecting a plating pen with the positive pole, performing weak activation for 2 minutes by using an aluminum activation liquid at a relative speed of 10m/min at a voltage of 8V, and cleaning by using clear water.
(3) Copper plating: keeping the wiring of the weak activation step, replacing the brush plating copper liquid for the plating pen, carrying out pre-plating copper for 2 minutes at the voltage of 10V and at the relative speed of 8 m/min.
(4) Electric brush tin plating-graphene composite plating layer: and keeping weak activation wiring, replacing a plating pen, and performing brush plating by using the tin-graphene composite brush plating prepared in the embodiments 1-4 respectively at a voltage of 10V for 10 minutes at a relative speed of 15m/min to obtain four groups of aluminum-based tin-graphene composite materials in the application examples 1-4 respectively.
Comparative example
6061 aluminum alloy subjected to cleaning treatment only.
1. Conductivity test
Conductivity tests were performed on the four groups of aluminum-based tin-graphene composite materials prepared in the application examples 1 to 4 and the aluminum alloy of the comparative example 1, respectively, and the test results are shown in table 2.
Table 2 application examples 1-4 total four groups of aluminum-based tin-graphene composite materials and conductivity of comparative aluminum alloy
| Application example | Electrical conductivity of |
| Application example 1 | 45％IACS |
| Application example 2 | 47％IACS |
| Application example 3 | 43％IACS |
| Application example 4 | 46％IACS |
| Comparative example | 43％IACS |
As can be seen from table 2, the conductivity of the aluminum-based tin-graphene composite material prepared by the graphene composite brush plating solution provided by the invention is 43% to 47% IACS, and can reach the same conductivity as aluminum alloy or even higher conductivity.
2. Abrasion resistance test
The wear resistance tests were performed on the four groups of aluminum-based tin-graphene composite materials prepared in the application examples 1 to 4 and the aluminum alloy of the comparative example 1, and the test results are shown in table 3.
Table 3 wear resistance of four groups of aluminum-based tin-graphene composite materials of application examples 1 to 4 and comparative aluminum alloys
According to table 3, the aluminum-based tin-graphene composite material prepared by the tin-graphene composite brush plating solution provided by the invention has a friction coefficient of 0.18-0.24, a wear rate of 4.2910-14～5.94×10-14m3And (N.m) is obviously lower than the friction coefficient and the wear rate of the surface of the aluminum alloy, so that the aluminum-based tin-graphene composite material prepared by the tin-graphene composite brush plating solution provided by the invention has excellent lubricating property and wear resistance.
3. Coating adhesion test
Table 4 application examples 1-4 total four groups of aluminum-based tin-graphene composite coating bonding force
| Application example | Coating binding force |
| Application example 1 | 17.7MPa |
| Application example 2 | 18.0MPa |
| Application example 3 | 15.6MPa |
| Application example 4 | 17.0MPa |
As can be seen from Table 4, the bonding force between the tin-graphene composite coating and the aluminum substrate provided by the invention can reach 15.6-18.0 MPa, and the bonding force is high.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an aluminum-based tin-graphene composite material prepared by an application example of the present invention. As can be seen from figure 1, the surface of the substrate is pre-plated with the copper layer, and then the surface of the copper layer is plated with the tin-graphene composite coating, so that the coating and the substrate have higher bonding force and excellent wear resistance under the composite structure.
Fig. 2 is an SEM image of the aluminum-based tin-graphene composite material of application example 2 of the present invention. As can be seen from fig. 2, the tin-graphene composite coating is uniform, dense, flat and continuous.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A tin-graphene composite brush plating solution comprises the following components: 20-40 g/L of soluble stannous salt, 0.1-0.5 g/L of graphene, 50-80 g/L of sulfuric acid, 60-80 g/L of pH stabilizer, 2-8 g/L of chelating agent, 1-2 g/L of surfactant, 1-2 g/L of antioxidant, 2-4 g/L of polar solvent and water.
2. The tin-graphene composite brush plating solution of claim 1, wherein the soluble tin salt comprises SnSO4、SnCl2And Sn (NO)3)2One kind of (1).
3. The tin-graphene composite brush plating solution of claim 1, wherein the graphene is a single-layer graphene powder.
4. The tin-graphene composite brush plating solution of claim 1, wherein the pH stabilizer comprises one of ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, and ammonium chloride.
5. The tin-graphene composite brush plating solution of claim 1, wherein the chelating agent comprises one of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid, and potassium sodium tartrate.
6. The tin-graphene composite brush plating solution of claim 1, wherein the surfactant comprises one of sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, and sodium fatty alcohol acyl sulfate.
7. The tin-graphene composite brush plating solution of claim 1, wherein the antioxidant comprises one of ascorbic acid, tea polyphenols, and tocopherols.
8. A preparation method of a surface coating of an aluminum substrate comprises the following steps:
(1) performing brush plating on the surface of the aluminum substrate by adopting a copper plating solution to obtain a copper-plated aluminum substrate;
(2) performing brush plating on the surface of the pre-plated copper-aluminum substrate obtained in the step (1) by using a tin-graphene composite brush plating solution to obtain an aluminum-based tin-graphene composite plating material; the tin-graphene composite brush plating solution is the tin-graphene composite brush plating solution according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the power voltage of the brush plating in the step (2) is 8-12V, and the brush plating time is 8-12 min.
10. The method according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the relative speed of the brush plating in the step (2) is 10 to 15 m/min.
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