CN114277322A - Iron-cobalt-chromium-tungsten hysteresis alloy and deformation processing technology thereof - Google Patents
Iron-cobalt-chromium-tungsten hysteresis alloy and deformation processing technology thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an iron-cobalt-chromium-tungsten hysteresis alloy and a deformation processing process thereof, belonging to the technical field of hysteresis alloy materials, wherein the iron-cobalt-chromium-tungsten hysteresis alloy has extremely high hysteresis performance by regulating and controlling the raw material proportion and the processing process, reaches the hysteresis performance level exceeding that of similar products of iron-cobalt-vanadium series, reduces the raw material cost by about 50 percent, has the coercive force temperature coefficient of only-0.005 to 0.02 Oe/DEG C, and has more excellent and stable magnetism, simplified process, environmental protection and energy conservation compared with the traditional iron-chromium-cobalt series semi-permanent magnetic alloy. Particularly, in the range of an excitation field of 35-350 Oe, the hysteresis alloy can have the comprehensive characteristics of excellent hysteresis performance, stability, reliability, lower cost, good processing characteristics, better oxidation corrosion resistance and the like, is suitable for cold processing of strips, wires, pipes, bars and sections, can form a new hysteresis alloy mark, and can be widely applied to the fields of military and civil hysteresis motors, high-speed hysteresis motors, magnetic dampers, residual magnetic relays, anti-theft memories and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of semi-hard magnetic materials, and relates to a novel hysteresis alloy strip, wire, pipe, bar and section bar with an excitation field applied in the range of 35-350 Oe and a deformation processing technology thereof.
Background
The traditional hysteresis alloy strip brands with the existing magnetizing field in the 50-350 Oe region in the market are 2J4, 2J7, 2J9, 2J10, 2J11 and 2J12, the hysteresis performance of the product is excellent, stable and reliable, but the high Co content is 45-52% wt, the cost of raw materials is high, and the hysteresis alloy strip brands are mainly used for military hysteresis motors; the conventional FeCrCo permanent magnetic alloy (2J85, FeCr28Co10.5Si and FeCr28Co8) in the market can also obtain the hysteresis characteristic of a working field at 50-350 Oe through process adjustment, the hysteresis performance of the product is relatively low, the temperature stability of the coercive force Hc is poor, and the Delta Hc/Delta T is 0.2-0.6 Oe/DEG C, so that the typical hysteresis alloy mark cannot be formed.
Until now, on the premise of obtaining excellent magnetic hysteresis performance of low-cost iron-chromium-cobalt alloy, the significant improvement of the coercive force temperature stability of the magnetic hysteresis alloy becomes a long-term technical problem in the technical field. In addition, the environmental and cost problems associated with the "high temperature solution" process have long plagued those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide the Fe-Co-Cr-W hysteresis alloy and the deformation processing technology thereof, the Fe-Co-Cr-W hysteresis alloy has extremely high hysteresis performance by regulating and controlling the raw material proportion and the processing technology, and the coercive force temperature coefficient is only-0.005 to 0.02 Oe/DEG C. In addition, compared with the traditional iron-chromium-cobalt alloy production process, the processing process and the finished product magnetic treatment process can remove the existing high-temperature solid solution water quenching process, and achieve the purposes of simplifying the process, reducing the cost, protecting the environment and saving the energy
In order to realize the system, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
an iron-cobalt-chromium-tungsten hysteresis alloy is characterized by comprising the following chemical components in percentage by weight:
cobalt is more than or equal to 15 percent and less than or equal to 27 percent;
chromium is more than or equal to 12 percent and less than or equal to 19 percent;
tungsten is between 5 and 9.5 percent
Alloying elements are less than or equal to 3.5 percent
Manganese is less than or equal to 0.2 percent;
rare earth elements are less than or equal to 0.1 percent;
carbon is less than or equal to 0.03 percent;
phosphorus is less than or equal to 0.02 percent;
sulfur is less than or equal to 0.02 percent;
the alloying elements comprise one or more of niobium, titanium, silicon, vanadium, aluminum, zirconium, nickel and molybdenum;
the balance of iron and inevitable impurities in refining.
Preferably, the chemical composition thereof comprises by weight:
alloying elements are more than or equal to 0.1 percent and less than or equal to 1.5 percent;
the alloying element comprises one of vanadium, silicon, nickel, aluminum or titanium.
Preferably, the chemical composition thereof comprises by weight:
alloying elements are more than or equal to 0.2 percent and less than or equal to 3.5 percent;
the alloying elements comprise one or more of the following five combinations:
vanadium and nickel;
vanadium and titanium;
vanadium and aluminum;
vanadium and silicon;
vanadium and zirconium.
Preferably, the chemical composition thereof comprises by weight:
alloying elements are more than or equal to 0.2 percent and less than or equal to 1.5 percent;
the alloying element comprises one or more of niobium, zirconium, or molybdenum.
Preferably, the chemical composition thereof comprises by weight:
nickel is less than or equal to 2.5 percent;
aluminum is less than or equal to 1.0 percent;
niobium is less than or equal to 1.0 percent;
titanium is less than or equal to 1.0 percent;
vanadium is less than or equal to 1.5 percent;
silicon is less than or equal to 0.8 percent;
zirconium is less than or equal to 0.5 percent;
molybdenum is less than or equal to 1.0 percent.
The iron-cobalt-chromium-tungsten hysteresis alloy has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the Fe-Co-Cr-W hysteresis alloy can obtain Hc 25-250 Oe through process adjustment, a working field has excellent hysteresis performance in a range of 35-350 Oe, the hysteresis performance level of FeCoV equivalent excitation field brands 2J4, 2J7, 2J9, 2J10, 2J11 and 2J12 is reached or exceeded, the magnetic stability is good, the Delta Hc/Delta T is-0.005-0.02 Oe/DEG C, the process characteristics are good, in addition, compared with FeCoV products, the cost of raw materials is reduced by about 50%, the oxidation and corrosion resistance is improved, the yield strength is as high as 170-240 Kg/mm2, the magnetic-elastic comprehensive performance is good, the Fe-Co-Cr-W hysteresis alloy can work under the condition of lower working field Hc 35-50 Oe, and the hysteresis loop square coefficients Ku and Br/Bm of strip-shaped oriented products are better.
(2) The Fe-Co-Cr-W magnetic hysteresis alloy is a novel semi-hard magnetic alloy combining a phase change structure and an amplitude modulation structure, can form a brand-new magnetic hysteresis alloy series mark, and can (partially) replace 2J4, 2J7, 2J9, 2J10, 2J11, 2J12, 2J51 and 2J52 magnetic hysteresis alloy and partial (iron spring type) semi-hard magnetic alloy.
(3) The alloy is suitable for cold processing of strips, wires, pipes, bars and sections, can form a new hysteresis alloy mark, and can be widely applied to the fields of military and civil hysteresis motors, high-speed hysteresis motors, magnetic dampers, residual magnetic relays, anti-theft memories and the like.
The deformation processing technology of the iron-cobalt-chromium-tungsten hysteresis alloy is characterized by comprising the following processing procedures:
1) smelting: smelting alloy and casting a steel ingot or a casting to ensure that the steel ingot or the casting is fully alloyed, pure in material, compact in structure and free of subcutaneous bubbles or loose in structure, and the raw material composition of the steel ingot or the casting is the chemical composition;
2) forging: peeling off the pre-smelted steel ingot, heating and forging the steel ingot into a square billet, a flat billet and a round bar with preset sizes, and ensuring that the surface of the steel ingot is smooth and has no cracks to be overlapped;
3) a hot rolling procedure: cutting the head and tail of the forged blank and forged rod, grinding the surface of the forged blank and forged rod to be free of defects, heating and hot rolling or hot tube penetration to obtain a strip blank, a tube blank and a wire rod with preset sizes, and then water quenching, wherein according to the requirements of the production process, a softening treatment process of a medium-high temperature region can be added;
4) acid washing process: pickling the preorder hot-rolled formed product;
5) a cold working procedure: cold rolling or cold drawing the hot-rolled formed product after the preorder acid cleaning treatment into strips, wires and pipes with required specifications; performing cold extrusion or cold forging on the hot-forged bar or section with the surface subjected to primary processing to obtain the bar or section with the required specification; according to the production process requirements, a softening treatment process in a medium-high temperature region can be added to the cold-rolled intermediate product;
6) an element forming process: the strip, wire, pipe, bar and section bar or casting after the preorder cold processing is processed according to the requirement of a practical drawing by adopting a machining process to produce elements with required specifications;
7) magnetic aging treatment: carrying out primary tempering and graded tempering processes on a preorder forming element, wherein:
7.1) primary tempering process: sending the former forming element into a heating furnace for tempering and heating, preserving heat for 30-90 minutes at the temperature of 630-680 ℃, then cooling to 605-625 ℃ at the cooling rate of 20-180 ℃/hour, discharging, and air cooling to room temperature after discharging;
7.2) grading tempering process: feeding the forming element treated by the primary tempering process into a heating furnace for secondary tempering, tertiary tempering, quaternary tempering or quinary tempering, wherein:
secondary tempering: heating the forming element in a furnace to 605-625 ℃, preserving heat for 30-90 minutes, then cooling to 585-605 ℃, preserving heat for 60-90 minutes, discharging, and air cooling to room temperature;
third-stage tempering: heating the molding element in a furnace to 605-625 ℃, preserving heat for 30-90 minutes, then cooling to 585-605 ℃, preserving heat for 60-90 minutes, then cooling to 565-585 ℃, preserving heat for 2-3 hours, discharging, and air cooling to room temperature;
four-stage tempering: heating the molding element in a furnace to 605-625 ℃, preserving heat for 30-90 minutes, then cooling to 585-605 ℃, preserving heat for 60-90 minutes, then cooling to 565-585 ℃, preserving heat for 2-3 hours, then cooling to 545-565 ℃, preserving heat for 3-4 hours, discharging, and air cooling to room temperature;
five-stage tempering: heating the molding element in a furnace to 605-625 ℃, preserving heat for 30-90 minutes, then cooling to 585-605 ℃, preserving heat for 60-90 minutes, then cooling to 565-585 ℃, preserving heat for 2-3 hours, then cooling to 545-565 ℃, preserving heat for 3-4 hours, then cooling to 525-545 ℃, preserving heat for 4-6 hours, discharging the furnace, and air cooling to room temperature.
Preferably, in the primary tempering process and/or the staged tempering process, a magnetic field of 2000 to 3500 oersteds (Oe) may be applied in an axial direction or a radial direction of the molding member.
Preferably, the forging process includes the steps of: and (2) putting the prepared raw materials into a vacuum induction furnace for vacuum smelting, performing vacuum deoxidation and decarburization on the molten steel by using the vacuum induction furnace, controlling the vacuum degree in the furnace to be less than or equal to 0.45Pa, and controlling the temperature in the furnace to be 1520-1650 ℃, so that the carbon content in the molten steel is less than or equal to 200ppm and the oxygen content is less than or equal to 55 ppm.
Preferably, in the forging procedure, the forging furnace temperature of the steel ingot or the casting is 500-800 ℃, the forging heating temperature is 1150-1200 ℃, the temperature is kept for 30-50 minutes, the steel ingot or the casting is ensured to be uniformly and thoroughly heated, the initial forging temperature in the forging process is more than or equal to 1120 ℃, and the final forging temperature is more than or equal to 920 ℃ under the air cooling.
Preferably, in the hot rolling procedure, the charging temperature of the forging piece is less than or equal to 800 ℃, the forging piece is heated to 1130-1170 ℃, the temperature is kept for 30-40 minutes, the initial rolling temperature in the hot rolling process is more than or equal to 1120 ℃, and the final rolling temperature is ensured to be more than or equal to 920 ℃ under the air cooling.
The production and processing technology of the iron-cobalt-chromium-tungsten hysteresis alloy has the following beneficial effects:
the production and processing technology can remove the solid solution water quenching technology of the existing iron-chromium-cobalt series product, and achieves the purposes of simplifying the technology, reducing the cost, protecting the environment and saving energy. For example: in the production of small-sized strips and wires of the traditional 2J85 alloy and Cr27Co10.5Si alloy, one or more times of high-temperature softening water quenching is needed, the thermal technology is heating to 920-1150 ℃ and preserving heat for 30 minutes and then water quenching, and the strip and wire elements need to be subjected to solid solution water quenching at 1160-1300 ℃ for 10-30 minutes before magnetic aging treatment, so that a perfect alpha-phase structure is obtained, otherwise good magnetic performance cannot be obtained; however, the intermediate softening of the Fe-Co-Cr-W alloy strip and wire can be realized by holding the temperature in a medium-high temperature region for 30 to 60 minutes and then cooling the alloy by air. The strip, wire, pipe, bar and section elements can be directly subjected to magnetic aging treatment in a cold deformation state, and high-quality magnetism can be obtained. Meanwhile, the Fe-Co-Cr-W alloy can obtain the optimal magnetic hysteresis performance matched with different working magnetic fields (35Oe to 350Oe) by adjusting the magnetic aging process and the material component ratio, the stability of the product is greatly improved, and the temperature coefficient delta Hc/delta T of the coercive force is only 1/5 to 1/10 of the existing Fe-Cr-Co material.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in greater detail, and not in a limiting manner, by way of example only, in the description of the invention the terms "first", "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
Example one
An iron-cobalt-chromium-tungsten hysteresis alloy, the chemical composition of which comprises by weight:
cobalt and Co are more than or equal to 15% and less than or equal to 27%;
specifically, in the range, cobalt is added to enlarge a gamma phase region, reduce the content of an alpha phase, improve the precipitation power of an amplitude modulation phase, facilitate the improvement of coercive force Hc, improve along with the content of cobalt in a specific range, and optimize the low-field hysteresis performance of the product.
Chromium Cr is more than or equal to 12 percent and less than or equal to 19 percent;
specifically, within the above range, increasing the chromium content enlarges the alpha phase region, reducing the chromium content is beneficial to increasing Bm and Br, reducing the amplitude modulation phase precipitation power, being beneficial to reducing the adjustment of Hc, and being beneficial to improving the temperature stability of Hc.
Tungsten W is more than or equal to 5 percent and less than or equal to 9.5 percent;
specifically, in the above range, the addition of W to substitute Cr does not reduce the alpha phase region, simultaneously reduces the precipitation power of amplitude-modulated phase, and increases the precipitation power of gamma phase change, and the addition of W is a key factor for obtaining excellent hysteresis performance.
Manganese Mn is less than or equal to 0.2 percent;
specifically, in the above range, the addition of manganese induces a large γ phase region, and high manganese deteriorates magnetic properties.
Rare earth elements are less than or equal to 0.1 percent;
in particular, the steel quality purification effect is realized by adding a proper amount of rare earth elements in the range.
Carbon C is less than or equal to 0.03 percent;
specifically, in the above range, carbon strongly covers the large γ -phase region, and the smaller the residual amount is, the better the deoxidation is.
Phosphorus P is less than or equal to 0.02 percent;
sulfur S is less than or equal to 0.02 percent;
specifically, within the above range, the lower the phosphorus and sulfur contents, the better
The alloying element R is less than or equal to 3.5 percent;
the alloying element R comprises one or more of niobium Nb, titanium Ti, silicon Si, vanadium V, aluminum Al, zirconium Zr, nickel Ni and molybdenum Mo, wherein:
ni is less than or equal to 3.0 percent;
specifically, in the range, nickel is added to replace cobalt, so that a gamma phase region is obviously enlarged, the power for separating out an amplitude modulation phase is reduced, the cost is reduced, the plasticity is improved, and the content of Ni is high, so that Bm and Br of products are reduced.
Aluminum Al is less than or equal to 1.0 percent;
specifically, in the range, aluminum is added to enlarge an alpha phase region, improve the temperature stability, reduce the separation power of an amplitude modulation phase, facilitate the adjustment and reduction of Hc, purify steel, optimize hysteresis performance, and excessively add Al to reduce Bm and Br of products.
Niobium Nb is less than or equal to 1.0 percent;
specifically, within the range, the Nb is added to enlarge an alpha phase region, and under a specific condition, the heat treatment temperature range is enlarged, the hysteresis performance is optimized, and the high Nb content reduces Bm and Br of products.
Ti is less than or equal to 1.0 percent;
zr is less than or equal to 0.5 percent;
it should be noted that, in the above range, adding a proper amount of titanium or zirconium can enlarge the alpha phase region, reduce the gamma phase content, purify the material, improve the precipitation power of the amplitude modulation phase, and increase Bm and Br with a small amount of addition. High Ti and Zr contents reduce the rate of finished products of hot working and Bm and Br.
Silicon Si is less than or equal to 0.8 percent;
specifically, in the above range, silicon is added to enlarge the alpha phase region and reduce Bm and Br, and proper amount of silicon is added to improve plasticity.
Vanadium V is less than or equal to 1.5 percent;
specifically, in the above range, vanadium is added to enlarge the alpha phase region, reduce the gamma phase content, and facilitate the optimization of hysteresis performance, and the vanadium addition has the least effect of reducing Bm and Br on the premise of equivalently enlarging the alpha phase region compared with silicon, aluminum, niobium, titanium and zirconium.
Molybdenum Mo is less than or equal to 1.0 percent.
Specifically, in the range, molybdenum is added to replace chromium to reduce the separation power of an amplitude modulation phase, so that the Hc value is reduced, and the hysteresis performance is reduced due to high molybdenum content.
The balance of Fe and inevitable impurities in the refining process.
The comparison list of the alloy and the traditional hysteresis class alloy in the aspects of hysteresis performance, application characteristics, raw material cost, force-magnetic characteristics and the like is as follows, wherein the strip sample is 2500Oe longitudinal magnetic orientation aging:
the comprehensive analysis of technical data in the list shows that the alloy can obtain Hc 25-350 Oe through process adjustment, the working field has excellent hysteresis performance within the range of 35-350 Oe, the hysteresis performance level of FeCoV equivalent excitation field brands 2J4, 2J7, 2J9, 2J10, 2J11 and 2J12 is reached or exceeded, the magnetic stability is good, the Delta Hc/Delta T is-0.005-0.02 Oe/DEG C, the process characteristics are good, in addition, compared with FeCoV products, the cost of raw materials is reduced by about 50%, the oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance are improved, and the yield strength is as high as 170-240 Kg/mm2The magnetic-elastic composite material has excellent magnetic-elastic comprehensive performance, can work under a lower working field Hc of 35-50 Oe, and has better hysteresis loop square coefficients Ku and Br/Bm of strip-shaped oriented products. The iron-cobalt-chromium-tungsten hysteresis alloy is a novel semi-hard magnetic alloy combined by a phase change structure and an amplitude modulation structure, can form a brand new hysteresis alloy series mark, can partially replace 2J4, 2J7, 2J9, 2J10, 2J11, 2J12, 2J51, 2J52 hysteresis alloy and part (iron spring type) of the semi-hard magnetic alloy, can be widely applied to multi-field products such as a hysteresis motor, a magnetic relay magnetic latching relay, a magnetic damper, an anti-theft memory and the like, and can be used for manufacturing a high-speed hysteresis motor rotor.
In this embodiment, Ku is a square coefficient of a hysteresis loop corresponding to the maximum permeability Um, and the measurement conditions of the coercivity temperature coefficient are as follows: the water temperature is changed within the range of 20-75 ℃, and measurement and comparison are carried out under the condition that a relatively saturated magnetization field Hm is 540Oe or 350 Oe. Ring sample gauge for experimental detectionGrid (C)
The test strip sample specification of the strip is 0.3-1.5 × 2.1 × 1-2.
Example two
Based on the first embodiment, the chemical composition further comprises by weight:
alloying element R is more than or equal to 0.1 percent and less than or equal to 1.5 percent;
the alloying element R comprises one of vanadium V, silicon Si, nickel Ni, aluminum Al or titanium Ti, and based on the range, part of typical compositions of the scheme are as follows (weight percentage):
the hysteresis performance level of the strip sample of the alloy strip after longitudinal magnetic (2500Oe) orientation aging is shown in the following table:
in this example, the comparison table of the hysteresis performance level of the alloy strip and the hysteresis performance level of the conventional FeCoV alloy is shown as follows, wherein the strip sample is 2500Oe longitudinal magnetic orientation aging:
the embodiment solves the technical problems that the prior hysteresis (like) alloy strip (wire) can not have the characteristics of excellent hysteresis performance, high stability and reliability, low cost, oxidation corrosion resistance and the like in a working field of 35-350 Oe, the hysteresis performance of the iron-cobalt-chromium-tungsten hysteresis alloy is excellent and reaches or exceeds the hysteresis performance level of alloys of 2J4, 2J7, 2J9, 2J10, 2J11 and 2J12, the temperature stability of the product Hc is good, and the Delta Hc/Delta T is-0.005-0.02 Oe/DEG C, and simultaneously has the comprehensive advantages of low cost of raw materials, good process characteristics and the like, can form a new hysteresis alloy mark, and can be widely applied to the fields of military and civil hysteresis motors, high-speed hysteresis motors, magnetic dampers, residual magnetic relays, anti-theft memories and the like.
EXAMPLE III
Based on the first embodiment, the chemical composition comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
the alloying element R is more than or equal to 0.2 percent and less than or equal to 3.5 percent;
the alloying elements R comprise one or more of the following five combinations:
vanadium V and nickel Ni;
vanadium V and titanium Ti;
vanadium V and aluminum Al;
vanadium V and silicon Si;
vanadium V and zirconium Zr
Based on the above range, part of typical components of the present solution are as follows (weight percent):
the hysteresis performance level of the strip sample of the alloy strip after longitudinal magnetic (2500Oe) orientation aging is shown in the following table:
in this example, the comparison table of the hysteresis performance level obtained by the alloy strip and the hysteresis performance level of the traditional FeCoV-system and FeCoW-system alloys is shown as follows, wherein the strip sample is 2500Oe longitudinal magnetic orientation aging:
in this example, the hysteresis performance level of the alloy is shown in the following table:
in this example, the hysteresis performance level of the alloy is shown in the following table:
in this example, the hysteresis performance level of the alloy is shown in the following table:
the embodiment solves the technical problems that the prior hysteresis (type) alloy strip (wire) can not have the characteristics of excellent hysteresis performance, high stability and reliability, low cost, oxidation corrosion resistance and the like in a working field in a 35-350 Oe area, the hysteresis performance of the iron-cobalt-chromium-tungsten hysteresis alloy is excellent and reaches or exceeds the hysteresis performance level of alloys such as 2J4, 2J7, 2J9, 2J10, 2J51 and 2J52, the temperature stability of the product Hc is good, and the Delta Hc/Delta T is-0.005-0.02 Oe/DEG C, and simultaneously has the comprehensive advantages of low raw material cost, good process characteristics and the like, can form a new hysteresis alloy mark, and can be widely applied to the fields of military and civil hysteresis motors, high-speed hysteresis motors, magnetic dampers, residual magnetic relays, anti-theft memories and the like.
Example four
Based on the first embodiment, the chemical composition comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
alloying element R is more than or equal to 0.2 percent and less than or equal to 1.5 percent;
the alloying element R comprises one or more of niobium Nb, zirconium Zr or molybdenum Mo.
Based on the above range, part of typical components of the present solution are as follows (weight percent):
in this example, the hysteresis performance level of the alloy is shown in the following table:
the embodiment solves the technical problems that the prior hysteresis (type) alloy strip (wire) can not have the characteristics of excellent hysteresis performance, high stability and reliability, low cost, oxidation corrosion resistance and the like in a working field in a 35-350 Oe area, the hysteresis performance of the iron-cobalt-chromium-tungsten hysteresis alloy is excellent and reaches or exceeds the hysteresis performance level of alloys such as 2J4, 2J7, 2J9, 2J10, 2J51 and 2J52, the temperature stability of the product Hc is good, and the Delta Hc/Delta T is-0.005-0.02 Oe/DEG C, and simultaneously has the comprehensive advantages of low raw material cost, good process characteristics and the like, can form a new hysteresis alloy mark, and can be widely applied to the fields of military and civil hysteresis motors, high-speed hysteresis motors, magnetic dampers, residual magnetic relays, anti-theft memories and the like.
EXAMPLE five
In this embodiment, the deformation processing process of the magnetic hysteresis alloy containing iron, cobalt, chromium and tungsten is characterized by comprising the following processing steps:
1) forging: smelting alloy and casting a steel ingot or a casting to ensure that the steel ingot or the casting is fully alloyed, pure in material, compact in structure and free of subcutaneous bubbles or loose in structure, wherein the raw material composition of the steel ingot or the casting is the chemical composition described in the above embodiments 1 to 5;
the forging process includes the following steps: and (2) putting the prepared raw materials into a vacuum induction furnace for vacuum smelting, and performing vacuum deoxidation and decarburization on the molten steel by using the vacuum induction furnace, wherein the vacuum degree in the furnace is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.45Pa, and the temperature in the furnace is controlled to be 1520-1650 ℃, so that the carbon content in the molten steel is less than or equal to 200ppm, and the oxygen content is less than or equal to 55 ppm.
2) Forging: peeling off the pre-smelted steel ingot or casting, heating and forging the steel ingot or casting into a square billet, a flat billet, a bar or a section with a preset size, and ensuring that the surface of the steel ingot or casting is smooth and has no cracks and is overlapped;
in the forging process, the forging furnace temperature of the steel ingot or the casting is 500-800 ℃, the forging heating temperature is 1150-1200 ℃, the temperature is kept for 30-50 minutes, the steel ingot or the casting is ensured to be uniformly and thoroughly heated, the initial forging temperature in the forging process is more than or equal to 1120 ℃, the final forging temperature is more than or equal to 920 ℃ under the air cooling
3) A hot rolling procedure: cutting the head and tail of the forged blank and forged rod, polishing the surface to be free of defects, and heating and hot rolling or hot penetrating the pipe into a belt blank, a pipe blank, a wire rod, a bar material and a plate material with preset sizes;
in the hot rolling process, the charging temperature of the forged piece is less than or equal to 800 ℃, the forged piece is heated to 1130-1170 ℃, the temperature is kept for 30-40 minutes, the initial rolling temperature in the hot rolling process is more than or equal to 1120 ℃, and the final rolling temperature is ensured to be more than or equal to 920 ℃ under the air cooling.
4) Acid washing process: pickling the preorder hot-rolled formed product;
the acid washing solvent ratio is as follows: 3 parts of sulfuric acid: 1 part of sodium chloride: 6 parts of water, the pickling temperature is 60-80 ℃, the pickling time is 30-50 minutes, and then the water is washed clean.
5) A cold working procedure: cold processing the hot-rolled formed product after the preorder acid cleaning treatment;
the cold-rolled strip blank and the wire rod after the pickling are subjected to surface grinding and stub bar cutting, the surface is required to be smooth and free of defects, and then the cold-rolled strip blank and the wire rod are subjected to cold rolling or cold drawing processing to obtain strips and wires with required specifications; cutting the end of the tube blank, then turning the surface of the tube blank to be smooth and free of defects, and then rolling the tube blank and cold-drawing the tube blank to the tube with the required specification; the deformation of the three finished products can be realized from more than 10-80%, intermediate softening treatment procedures can be added according to cold working process and practical requirements, and the preferred process is 900-1150 ℃ gas protection continuous annealing treatment; turning, planing or grinding the hot-processed bar or section to be smooth and free of defects, performing cold extrusion or cold forging to obtain the bar or section with the required specification, and performing softening treatment on the cold-processed intermediate product at a medium-high temperature region according to process requirements. The preferable process is 900-1150 ℃ multiplied by 20-50 minutes, and then air cooling is carried out.
The method comprises the following steps: the strip, wire, pipe, bar and section after the preorder cold processing are processed according to the requirements of a practical drawing by adopting a machining process to produce elements with required specifications;
7) magnetic aging treatment: carrying out primary tempering and graded tempering processes on a preorder forming element, wherein:
7.1) primary tempering process: sending the former forming element into a heating furnace for tempering and heating, preserving heat for 30-90 minutes at the temperature of 630-680 ℃, then cooling to 605-625 ℃ at the cooling rate of 20-180 ℃/hour, discharging, and air cooling to room temperature after discharging;
7.2) grading tempering process: feeding the forming element treated by the primary tempering process into a heating furnace for secondary tempering, tertiary tempering, quaternary tempering or quinary tempering, wherein:
secondary tempering: heating the forming element in a furnace to 605-625 ℃, preserving heat for 30-90 minutes, then cooling to 585-605 ℃, preserving heat for 60-90 minutes, discharging, and air cooling to room temperature;
third-stage tempering: heating the molding element in a furnace to 605-625 ℃, preserving heat for 30-90 minutes, then cooling to 585-605 ℃, preserving heat for 60-90 minutes, then cooling to 565-585 ℃, preserving heat for 2-3 hours, discharging, and air cooling to room temperature;
four-stage tempering: heating the molding element in a furnace to 605-625 ℃, preserving heat for 30-90 minutes, then cooling to 585-605 ℃, preserving heat for 60-90 minutes, then cooling to 565-585 ℃, preserving heat for 2-3 hours, then cooling to 545-565 ℃, preserving heat for 3-4 hours, discharging, and air cooling to room temperature;
five-stage tempering: heating the molding element in a furnace to 605-625 ℃, preserving heat for 30-90 minutes, then cooling to 585-605 ℃, preserving heat for 60-90 minutes, then cooling to 565-585 ℃, preserving heat for 2-3 hours, then cooling to 545-565 ℃, preserving heat for 3-4 hours, then cooling to 525-545 ℃, preserving heat for 4-6 hours, discharging the furnace, and air cooling to room temperature.
It should be noted that, in the primary tempering process and/or the staged tempering process, a magnetic field of 2000 to 3500 oersted Oe) may be applied in the axial or radial direction of the shaped element.
It is further noted that the aging termination temperature and time of the staged tempering process are adjusted according to the magnetic requirements of the application.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An iron-cobalt-chromium-tungsten hysteresis alloy is characterized by comprising the following chemical components in percentage by weight:
cobalt (Co) is more than or equal to 15% and less than or equal to 27%;
chromium (Cr) is more than or equal to 12 percent and less than or equal to 19 percent;
tungsten (W) is more than or equal to 5 percent and less than or equal to 9.5 percent
Alloying element (R) is less than or equal to 3.5 percent
Manganese (Mn) is less than or equal to 0.2 percent;
rare earth elements are less than or equal to 0.1 percent;
carbon (C) is less than or equal to 0.03 percent;
phosphorus (P) is less than or equal to 0.02 percent;
sulfur (S) is less than or equal to 0.02 percent;
the alloying element (R) comprises one or more of niobium (Nb), titanium (Ti), silicon (Si), vanadium (V), aluminum (Al), zirconium (Zr), nickel (Ni) and molybdenum (Mo);
the balance of iron (Fe) and inevitable impurities in refining.
2. The Fe-Co-Cr-W hysteresis alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein its chemical composition comprises by weight:
alloying element (R) is more than or equal to 0.1 percent and less than or equal to 1.5 percent;
the alloying element (R) includes one of vanadium (V), silicon (Si), nickel (Ni), aluminum (Al) or titanium (Ti).
3. The Fe-Co-Cr-W hysteresis alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein its chemical composition comprises by weight:
alloying element (R) is more than or equal to 0.2 percent and less than or equal to 3.5 percent;
the alloying elements (R) include one or more of the following five combinations:
vanadium (V) and nickel (Ni);
vanadium (V) and titanium (Ti);
vanadium (V) and aluminum (Al);
vanadium (V) and silicon (Si);
vanadium (V) and zirconium (Zr).
4. The Fe-Co-Cr-W hysteresis alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein its chemical composition comprises by weight:
alloying element (R) is more than or equal to 0.2 percent and less than or equal to 1.5 percent;
the alloying element (R) comprises one or more of niobium (Nb), zirconium (Zr) or molybdenum (Mo).
5. The Fe-Co-Cr-W hysteresis alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein its chemical composition comprises by weight:
nickel (Ni) is less than or equal to 3.0 percent;
aluminum (Al) is less than or equal to 1.0 percent;
niobium (Nb) is less than or equal to 1.0 percent;
titanium (Ti) is less than or equal to 1.0 percent;
vanadium (V) is less than or equal to 1.5 percent;
silicon (Si) is less than or equal to 0.8 percent;
zirconium (Zr) is less than or equal to 0.5 percent;
molybdenum (Mo) is less than or equal to 1.0 percent.
6. The deformation processing technology of the iron-cobalt-chromium-tungsten hysteresis alloy is characterized by comprising the following processing procedures:
1) smelting: smelting alloy and casting a steel ingot or a casting to ensure that the steel ingot or the casting is fully alloyed, pure in material, compact in structure and free of subcutaneous bubbles or loose in structure, wherein the raw material composition of the steel ingot or the casting is the chemical composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5;
2) forging: peeling off the pre-smelted steel ingot, heating and forging the steel ingot into a square billet, a flat billet and a round bar with preset sizes, and ensuring that the surface of the steel ingot is smooth and has no cracks to be overlapped;
3) a hot rolling procedure: cutting the head and tail of the forged blank and forged rod, grinding the surface of the forged blank and forged rod to be free of defects, heating and hot rolling or hot tube penetration to obtain a strip blank, a tube blank and a wire rod with preset sizes, then quenching in water, and adding a medium-high temperature region softening treatment process according to the production process requirements;
4) acid washing process: pickling the preorder hot-rolled formed product;
5) a cold working procedure: cold rolling or cold drawing the hot-rolled formed product after the preorder acid cleaning treatment into strips, wires and pipes with required specifications; performing cold extrusion or cold forging on the hot-forged bar or section with the surface subjected to primary processing to obtain the bar or section with the required specification; according to the production process requirement, a middle-high temperature region softening treatment procedure is added to the cold-rolled intermediate product;
6) an element forming process: the strip, wire, pipe, bar and section bar after the preorder cold processing are processed according to the requirements of a practical drawing by adopting a machining process to produce elements with required specifications;
7) magnetic aging treatment: carrying out primary tempering and graded tempering processes on a preorder forming element, wherein:
7.1) primary tempering process: sending the former forming element into a heating furnace for tempering and heating, preserving heat for 30-90 minutes at the temperature of 630-680 ℃, then cooling to 605-625 ℃ at the cooling rate of 20-180 ℃/hour, discharging, and air cooling to room temperature after discharging;
7.2) grading tempering process: feeding the forming element treated by the primary tempering process into a heating furnace for secondary tempering, tertiary tempering, quaternary tempering or quinary tempering, wherein:
secondary tempering: heating the forming element in a furnace to 605-625 ℃, preserving heat for 30-90 minutes, then cooling to 585-605 ℃, preserving heat for 60-90 minutes, discharging, and air cooling to room temperature;
third-stage tempering: heating the molding element in a furnace to 605-625 ℃, preserving heat for 30-90 minutes, then cooling to 585-605 ℃, preserving heat for 60-90 minutes, then cooling to 565-585 ℃, preserving heat for 2-3 hours, discharging, and air cooling to room temperature;
four-stage tempering: heating the molding element in a furnace to 605-625 ℃, preserving heat for 30-90 minutes, then cooling to 585-605 ℃, preserving heat for 60-90 minutes, then cooling to 565-585 ℃, preserving heat for 2-3 hours, then cooling to 545-565 ℃, preserving heat for 3-4 hours, discharging, and air cooling to room temperature;
five-stage tempering: heating the molding element in a furnace to 605-625 ℃, preserving heat for 30-90 minutes, then cooling to 585-605 ℃, preserving heat for 60-90 minutes, then cooling to 565-585 ℃, preserving heat for 2-3 hours, then cooling to 545-565 ℃, preserving heat for 3-4 hours, then cooling to 525-545 ℃, preserving heat for 4-6 hours, discharging the furnace, and air cooling to room temperature.
7. The deformation processing process of the hysteresis alloy of Fe-Co-Cr-W as claimed in claim 6, wherein in the primary tempering process and/or the staged tempering process, a magnetic field of 2000 to 3500 Oe (Oe) can be applied in the axial direction or the radial direction of the formed element.
8. The deformation processing technology of the Fe-Co-Cr-W hysteresis alloy as claimed in claim 6, wherein the forging process comprises the following steps: and (2) putting the prepared raw materials into a vacuum induction furnace for vacuum smelting, performing vacuum deoxidation and decarburization on the molten steel by using the vacuum induction furnace, controlling the vacuum degree in the furnace to be less than or equal to 0.45Pa, and controlling the temperature in the furnace to be 1520-1650 ℃, so that the carbon content in the molten steel is less than or equal to 200ppm and the oxygen content is less than or equal to 55 ppm.
9. The deformation processing technology of the Fe-Co-Cr-W hysteresis alloy according to claim 6, wherein in the forging procedure, the forging furnace temperature of the steel ingot or casting is 500-800 ℃, the forging heating temperature is 1150-1200 ℃, the temperature is kept for 30-50 minutes, the uniform thorough heating of the steel ingot or casting is ensured, the initial forging temperature in the forging process is more than or equal to 1120 ℃, and the final forging temperature is more than or equal to 920 ℃ under the air cooling.
10. The deformation processing technology of the Fe-Co-Cr-W hysteresis alloy as claimed in claim 6, wherein in the hot rolling procedure, the charging temperature of the forged piece is less than or equal to 800 ℃, the forged piece is heated to 1130-1170 ℃ and is kept for 30-40 minutes, the initial rolling temperature in the hot rolling process is more than or equal to 1120 ℃, and the final rolling temperature is ensured to be more than or equal to 920 ℃ under the air cooling.
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