CN115642007A - Fe-Cr-Co-W magnetic hysteresis alloy and deformation processing technology thereof - Google Patents
Fe-Cr-Co-W magnetic hysteresis alloy and deformation processing technology thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an iron-chromium-cobalt-tungsten hysteresis alloy and a deformation processing technology thereof, belonging to the technical field of hysteresis alloy materials, wherein the iron-chromium-cobalt-tungsten hysteresis alloy has extremely high hysteresis performance by regulating and controlling the raw material proportion and the processing technology, and the coercive force temperature coefficient is only 1/5 to 1/10 of that of the existing iron-chromium-cobalt material. In addition, the deformation processing technology removes the existing solid solution water quenching technology, and achieves the purposes of simplified technology, reduced cost, environmental protection and energy conservation. Especially in the range of 50 to 650 oersted of excitation field, the hysteresis alloy can have the comprehensive advantages of environmental protection, energy conservation, excellent hysteresis performance, stability, reliability, low cost, comprehensive practical specification, good processing property, good oxidation corrosion resistance and the like, is suitable for strips, bars, wires, pipes and profiles, can form a new hysteresis alloy mark, and can be widely applied to the fields of military and civil hysteresis motors, high-speed hysteresis motors, magnetic dampers, residual magnetic relays and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of semi-hard magnetic materials, and relates to a novel hysteresis alloy strip, bar, wire, pipe and section bar with an excitation field applied in the range of 50-650Oe and a deformation processing technology thereof.
Background
The grades of the traditional hysteresis alloy strips with the existing magnetization field in the 50-350 Oe region in the market are 2J4, 2J7, 2J9, 2J10, 2J11, 2J12 and the like, the hysteresis performance of the product is excellent, stable and reliable, but the cost of raw materials is high due to high Co content, so that the hysteresis alloy strip is mainly used for military hysteresis motors; the working field of the FeCoMo hysteresis alloy bar currently used in the market is 120-360 Oe, the hysteresis performance is relatively low, the brittleness of the finished product is high, high-temperature solid solution is needed, and a low-field hysteresis bar of 50-120 Oe is not needed; the prior FeCrCo permanent magnetic alloy (2J 85, feCr27Co10.5Si and FeCr28Co 8) in the market can also obtain the hysteresis characteristic of a working field in the range of 50-650Oe by process adjustment, the magnetic field orientation hysteresis characteristic of the product is good, the isotropic hysteresis performance is relatively low, the temperature stability of the coercive force Hc is poor, the Delta Hc/Delta T = 0.2-0.6 Oe/DEG C, the practical temperature range is narrowed, the stability and reliability are reduced, and the magnetic aging of the 2J85 alloy needs high-temperature solid solution, which is not beneficial to environmental protection and energy saving, so the typical hysteresis alloy mark can not be formed.
Until now, on the premise of considering the magnetic hysteresis performance, the obvious improvement of the coercive force temperature stability of the hysteresis alloy becomes a long-term technical problem in the technical field. In addition, how to solve the environmental and cost problems associated with the "high temperature solution" process has long plagued those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide the ferrochrome-cobalt-tungsten hysteresis alloy and the deformation processing technology thereof, the ferrochrome-cobalt-tungsten hysteresis alloy has extremely high hysteresis performance by regulating and controlling the raw material proportion and the processing technology, and the coercive force temperature coefficient is only 1/5 to 1/10 of that of the existing ferrochrome-cobalt material. In addition, the processing technology and the finished product magnetic treatment technology remove the existing solid solution water quenching technology, and achieve the purposes of simplifying the technology, reducing the cost, protecting the environment and saving the energy
In order to realize the system, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the magnetic hysteresis alloy of Fe-Cr-Co-W is characterized by comprising the following chemical components in percentage by weight:
chromium is more than or equal to 12 percent and less than or equal to 22 percent;
cobalt is more than or equal to 9 percent and less than or equal to 15 percent;
tungsten is more than or equal to 3.0 percent and less than or equal to 9.5 percent
Manganese is less than or equal to 0.2 percent;
rare earth elements are less than or equal to 0.1 percent;
carbon is less than or equal to 0.03 percent;
phosphorus is less than or equal to 0.02 percent;
0.02 percent of sulfur;
alloying elements are less than or equal to 3.0 percent;
the alloying elements comprise one or more of nickel, niobium, titanium, silicon, vanadium, aluminum, zirconium and molybdenum;
the balance of iron and inevitable impurities in the refining process.
Preferably, the chemical composition thereof comprises by weight:
alloying elements are more than or equal to 0.1 percent and less than or equal to 1.5 percent;
the alloying element comprises one of vanadium, titanium, aluminum or silicon.
Preferably, the chemical composition thereof comprises by weight:
alloying elements are more than or equal to 0.3 percent and less than or equal to 3.0 percent;
the alloying elements include one or more of the following six combinations:
vanadium and titanium;
vanadium and aluminum;
nickel and aluminum;
niobium and aluminum;
vanadium and silicon;
molybdenum and titanium.
Preferably, the chemical composition thereof comprises by weight:
alloying elements are more than or equal to 1.0 percent and less than or equal to 2.0 percent;
the alloying elements include one or more of the following four combinations:
vanadium and titanium and silicon;
vanadium and aluminum and titanium;
niobium and aluminum and titanium;
vanadium and niobium and titanium.
Preferably, the chemical composition thereof comprises by weight:
nickel is less than or equal to 2.5 percent;
aluminum is less than or equal to 1.0 percent;
niobium is less than or equal to 1.0 percent;
titanium is less than or equal to 1.0 percent;
vanadium is less than or equal to 1.5 percent;
silicon is less than or equal to 0.8 percent;
zirconium is less than or equal to 0.5 percent;
molybdenum is less than or equal to 1.0 percent.
The iron-chromium-cobalt-tungsten hysteresis alloy has the following beneficial effects:
(1) By regulating and controlling the raw material proportion, the ferrochromium cobalt tungsten hysteresis alloy has extremely high hysteresis performance, and the temperature coefficient of the coercive force is only 1/5 to 1/10 of that of the existing ferrochromium cobalt series material. The alloy has excellent magnetic hysteresis performance which is close to or exceeds the magnetic hysteresis performance level of a FeCoV alloy strip and reaches or exceeds the magnetic hysteresis performance level of a FeCoMo alloy bar, the temperature stability of a product Hc is good, and the Delta Hc/Delta T = -0.005-0.06 Oe/DEG C is 1/5-1/10 of that of a FeCrCo product,
(2) In the range of 50 to 650 oersted of the excitation field, the hysteresis alloy can have the comprehensive advantages of environmental protection, energy conservation, excellent hysteresis performance, stability, reliability, low cost, comprehensive practical specification, good processing characteristic, good anti-oxidation corrosion characteristic and the like, thereby forming a new hysteresis alloy brand.
(3) The alloy is suitable for strips, rods, wires, pipes and sections, can form a new hysteresis alloy mark, and can be widely applied to the fields of military and civil hysteresis motors, high-speed hysteresis motors, magnetic dampers, residual magnetic relays and the like.
The deformation processing technology of the iron-chromium-cobalt-tungsten hysteresis alloy is characterized by comprising the following processing procedures:
1) A smelting process: smelting alloy and casting a steel ingot or a casting to ensure that the steel ingot or the casting is fully alloyed, pure in material, compact in structure, free of subcutaneous bubbles or loose in structure, and the raw materials of the steel ingot or the casting consist of the chemical compositions;
2) Forging: peeling off the pre-smelted steel ingot or casting, heating and forging the steel ingot or casting into a square billet, a flat billet, a bar or a section with a preset size, and ensuring that the surface of the steel ingot or casting is smooth and has no cracks and is overlapped;
3) A hot rolling procedure: cutting the head and tail of the forged blank and forged rod, grinding the surface of the forged blank and forged rod until no defect exists, and heating and hot-rolling or hot-perforating the forged blank and forged rod into a strip blank, a tube blank, a wire rod, a bar material and a plate material with preset sizes;
4) Acid washing process: performing acid washing treatment on the preorder hot-rolled formed product;
5) A cold working procedure: cold processing the hot-rolled formed product after the preorder acid cleaning treatment;
6) An element molding process: adopting a machining process to produce elements with required specifications from strips, wires, pipes, bars, profiles or castings subjected to the prior hot processing or cold processing treatment according to the requirements of practical drawings;
7) Magnetic aging treatment: carrying out primary tempering and graded tempering processes on a preorder forming element, wherein:
7.1 Primary tempering process: feeding the pre-shaped element into a heating furnace for tempering and heating, preserving the heat for 30 to 90 minutes at the temperature of between 630 and 700 ℃, then cooling to 605 to 625 ℃ at the cooling speed of between 20 and 180 ℃/hour, discharging, and air-cooling to room temperature after discharging;
7.2 Staged tempering process: feeding the forming element treated by the primary tempering process into a heating furnace for secondary tempering, tertiary tempering, quaternary tempering or quinary tempering, wherein:
secondary tempering: heating the forming element in a furnace to 605-625 ℃, preserving heat for 30-90 minutes, then cooling to 585-605 ℃, preserving heat for 60-90 minutes, discharging, and air cooling to room temperature;
third-stage tempering: heating the molding element in a furnace to 605-625 ℃, preserving heat for 30-90 minutes, then cooling to 585-605 ℃, preserving heat for 60-90 minutes, then cooling to 565-585 ℃, preserving heat for 2-3 hours, discharging, and air cooling to room temperature;
four-stage tempering: heating the forming element in a furnace to 605-625 ℃, preserving heat for 30-90 minutes, then cooling to 585-605 ℃, preserving heat for 60-90 minutes, then cooling to 565-585 ℃, preserving heat for 2-3 hours, then cooling to 545-565 ℃, preserving heat for 3-4 hours, discharging, and air cooling to room temperature;
five-stage tempering: heating the molding element in a furnace to 605-625 ℃, preserving heat for 30-90 minutes, then cooling to 585-605 ℃, preserving heat for 60-90 minutes, then cooling to 565-585 ℃, preserving heat for 2-3 hours, then cooling to 545-565 ℃, preserving heat for 3-4 hours, then cooling to 525-545 ℃, preserving heat for 4-6 hours, discharging the furnace, and air cooling to room temperature.
Preferably, in the primary tempering process and/or the staged tempering process, a magnetic field of 2000 to 3500 oersteds may be applied in an axial direction or a radial direction of the molding member.
Preferably, the forging process includes the steps of: and (2) putting the prepared raw materials into a vacuum induction furnace for vacuum smelting, and performing vacuum deoxidation and decarburization on the molten steel by using the vacuum induction furnace, wherein the vacuum degree in the furnace is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.45Pa, and the temperature in the furnace is controlled to be 1520-1650 ℃, so that the carbon content in the molten steel is less than or equal to 200ppm, and the oxygen content is less than or equal to 55ppm.
Preferably, in the forging procedure, the forging furnace temperature of the steel ingot or the casting is 500-800 ℃, the forging heating temperature is 1150-1200 ℃, the temperature is kept for 30-50 minutes, the steel ingot or the casting is ensured to be uniformly and thoroughly heated, the initial forging temperature in the forging process is more than or equal to 1120 ℃, and the final forging temperature is more than or equal to 920 ℃ under the air cooling.
Preferably, in the hot rolling procedure, the charging temperature of the forging piece is less than or equal to 800 ℃, the forging piece is heated to 1130-1170 ℃, the temperature is kept for 30-40 minutes, the initial rolling temperature in the hot rolling process is more than or equal to 1120 ℃, and the final rolling temperature is ensured to be more than or equal to 920 ℃ under the air cooling.
The production and processing technology of the iron-chromium-cobalt-tungsten hysteresis alloy has the following beneficial effects:
the production and processing technology can remove the solid solution water quenching technology of the existing iron-chromium-cobalt series product, and achieves the purposes of simplifying the technology, reducing the cost, protecting the environment and saving energy. For example: in the production of small-sized strips and wires of the traditional 2J85 alloy and Cr27Co10.5Si alloy, one or more times of high-temperature softening water quenching is needed, the thermal technology is heating to 920-1150 ℃ for 30-40 minutes and then water quenching, and strip and wire elements need to be subjected to solid solution water quenching at 1160-1300 ℃ for 10-30 minutes before magnetic aging treatment, so that a more complete alpha-phase structure is obtained, otherwise good magnetic performance cannot be obtained; however, the intermediate softening of the Fe-Cr-Co-W alloy strip and wire can be realized by holding the temperature in a medium-high temperature region for 30 to 60 minutes and then cooling the alloy by air. The strip and wire elements can be directly subjected to magnetic aging treatment in a cold deformation state, and high-quality magnetism can be obtained. Meanwhile, the Fe-Cr-Co-W alloy can obtain the optimal magnetic hysteresis performance matched with different working magnetic fields (50 Oe to 650 Oe) by adjusting the magnetic aging process and the material component ratio, the product stability is greatly improved, and the temperature coefficient delta Hc/delta T of the coercive force is only 1/5 to 1/10 of that of the existing Fe-Cr-Co material.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in greater detail, and not in a limiting manner, by way of example only, in the description of the invention the terms "first", "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
Example one
An iron-chromium-cobalt-tungsten hysteresis alloy, the chemical composition of which comprises by weight:
chromium Cr is between 12 and 22 percent;
specifically, in the range, the alpha phase region can be enlarged by adding chromium, bm and Br can be obviously deteriorated when the chromium content is more than or equal to 22%, and the low chromium content can reduce the amplitude modulation phase precipitation power, thus being beneficial to the adjustment and reduction of Hc and the improvement of Hc temperature stability.
Cobalt Co is more than or equal to 9 percent and less than or equal to 15 percent;
specifically, in the above range, cobalt is added to expand the γ phase region, increase the power of precipitation of the spinodal phase, increase Hc, and excessively high cobalt content tends to deteriorate Bm and Br for a completely α phase alloy.
Tungsten W is more than or equal to 3.0 percent and less than or equal to 9.5 percent;
specifically, in the range, the addition of tungsten to substitute chromium does not reduce an alpha phase region, simultaneously reduces the precipitation power of an amplitude modulation phase, is beneficial to reducing Hc, and w is added to optimize the hysteresis performance under specific conditions.
Manganese Mn is less than or equal to 0.2 percent;
specifically, in the above range, the addition of manganese induces a large γ phase region, and high manganese deteriorates the magnetic properties.
Rare earth elements are less than or equal to 0.1 percent;
in particular, the steel quality is purified by adding a proper amount of rare earth elements in the range.
Carbon C is less than or equal to 0.03 percent;
specifically, in the above range, carbon strongly covers the large γ -phase region, and the smaller the residual amount is, the better the deoxidation is.
Phosphorus P is less than or equal to 0.02 percent;
sulfur S is less than or equal to 0.02 percent;
specifically, within the above range, the lower the phosphorus and sulfur contents, the better
The alloying element R is less than or equal to 3.0 percent;
the alloying elements R comprise one or more of nickel Ni, niobium Nb, titanium Ti, silicon Si, vanadium V, aluminum Al, zirconium Zr and molybdenum Mo, wherein:
ni is less than or equal to 2.5 percent;
in the above range, nickel is added to replace cobalt to reduce the separation power of amplitude modulation phase, so as to reduce Hc value, reduce cost, improve plasticity, and obviously enlarge gamma phase region,
silicon Si is less than or equal to 0.8 percent;
specifically, in the range, silicon is added to enlarge an alpha phase region and reduce Bm and Br, proper amount of silicon is added to be beneficial to improving plasticity,
aluminum Al is less than or equal to 1.0 percent;
specifically, in the range, aluminum is added to enlarge an alpha phase region, improve the temperature stability, reduce the separation power of an amplitude modulation phase, facilitate the adjustment and reduction of Hc, purify steel and optimize the hysteresis performance.
V is less than or equal to 1.5 percent;
specifically, in the above range, vanadium is added to replace silicon to enlarge the alpha phase region, so as to significantly improve Bm and Br, and the vanadium addition has the least effect of reducing Bm and Br on the premise of equivalently enlarging the alpha phase region compared with silicon, aluminum, niobium, titanium and zirconium.
Niobium Nb is less than or equal to 1.0 percent;
specifically, within the above range, nb is added to replace silicon to enlarge the alpha phase region and increase Bm and Br,
molybdenum Mo is less than or equal to 1.0 percent.
Specifically, in the range, molybdenum is added to replace chromium to reduce the separation power of an amplitude modulation phase, so that the Hc value is reduced, and the hysteresis performance is reduced due to high molybdenum content.
Ti is less than or equal to 1.0 percent;
zr is less than or equal to 0.5 percent;
it should be noted that, in the above range, a proper amount of titanium or zirconium is added, which can significantly expand the alpha phase region, purify the material, improve the precipitation power of the amplitude modulation phase and the coercivity of the product, and a small amount of titanium or zirconium can improve Bm and Br.
The balance of Fe and inevitable impurities in the refining process.
The magnetic hysteresis performance level obtained by the alloy strip is compared with the hysteresis performance level of the traditional FeCoV alloy, and the strip sample is the orientation aging of longitudinal magnetic 2500 Oe:
the comparison list of the alloy, the traditional hysteresis class alloy and the newly developed patent alloy in the aspects of hysteresis performance, application characteristics, raw material cost and the like is as follows, wherein the strip sample is 2500Oe longitudinal magnetic orientation aging:
the data analysis in the table shows that compared with the traditional hysteresis alloy FeCoV series 2J 4-2J 12 strip, feCoMo series 2J 21-2J 27 bar, feCrCo series 2J85 and other bar strips, the alloy has the comprehensive advantages of environmental protection, excellent magnetic stability, low cost, comprehensive practical specification, wire rod pipe and the like, good processing characteristics and the like.
In conclusion, the alloy can obtain Hc = 30-450 Oe through process adjustment, the working field is within the range of 50-650Oe, the hot-processed bars, sections, castings, cold-processed strips, wires and pipes of the alloy have excellent magnetic hysteresis performance, the coercive force temperature coefficient delta Hc/delta T = -0.005-0.06 Oe/DEG C of the product is 1/5-1/10 of that of the traditional FeCrCo system, and the product stability is good and is close to that of a FeCoV system and a FeCoMo system. When the Wt is less than or equal to 19 percent and less than or equal to 22 percent, the comprehensive characteristics of the alloy are close to 2J85T alloy and better than 2J85 alloy, and the alloy can be designed to be in a complete alpha-phase state in a high-temperature region, so the magnetic aging of the finished product does not need the prior high-temperature solid solution water quenching treatment, and the hysteresis performance of the strip ring sample is obviously better than that of 2J85T, 2J85 and FeCr28Co 8-10.5 alloys; when Wt is not less than 12% or not more than 19%, the alloy has a hysteresis property close to or better than that of FeCoCrW hysteresis alloy and FeCoV hysteresis alloy, and the alloy material cost is lower than that of FeCoV and FeCoCrW products. The hot working and cold working process has good characteristics, the cold rolled strip and the cold drawn wire can be directly subjected to magnetic aging at medium and low temperature, excellent magnetic hysteresis performance can be obtained, the defects of serious solution water quenching deformation and oxidation of the strip and the wire are eliminated, the procedures of flattening, straightening, grinding and the like are eliminated, the alloy strip-shaped oriented product has the advantages of environmental protection and energy conservation, and in addition, the magnetic hysteresis loop square coefficients Ku and Br/Bm of the alloy strip-shaped oriented product are excellent under the working condition of ultralow working field Hm =30-60 Oe; along with the increase of W content, the tensile strength of the product is improved, the yield strength is up to more than 120Kg/mm < 2 >, the magnetoelastic performance is excellent, and the high-speed hysteresis motor rotor can be manufactured. The Fe-Cr-Co-W magnetic hysteresis alloy is a novel semi-hard magnetic alloy, can form a brand-new magnetic hysteresis alloy series brand, can partially replace magnetic hysteresis alloys such as 2J4, 2J7, 2J9, 2J11, 2J12, 2J51, 2J52, 2J21, 2J23, 2J25 and 2J27 and partial (iron spring type) semi-hard magnetic alloys, and can be widely applied to products in multiple fields such as magnetic hysteresis motors, residual magnetic relay magnetic latching relays, magnetic dampers, anti-theft memories and the like.
It should be further noted that Ku is a square coefficient of a hysteresis loop corresponding to the maximum magnetic permeability Um. The measurement conditions of the coercivity temperature coefficient of the scheme are as follows: the water temperature is changed within the range of 20-75 ℃, and the measurement comparison is carried out under the condition that a relatively saturated magnetization field Hm =540Oe or 350 Oe.
Example two
Based on the first embodiment, the chemical composition further comprises by weight:
alloying element R is more than or equal to 0.1% and less than or equal to 1.5%;
the alloying element R comprises one of vanadium V, titanium Ti, aluminum Al or silicon Si.
Based on the above range, part of typical components of the present solution are as follows (weight percent):
the hysteresis performance level of the strip sample of the alloy bar or strip after longitudinal magnetic 2500Oe oriented aging is as follows:
in the embodiment, the alloy has excellent hysteresis performance and good temperature stability, can be used as a new hysteresis alloy brand applied in the range of a magnetizing field Hm = 50-650Oe, has comprehensive practical specifications of the alloy and good machining characteristics, can be bent, drawn and stamped to form elements, eliminates solid solution water quenching deformation of a strip because of the element, is more favorable for preparing a hysteresis motor rotor, and can be widely applied to various types of products such as a hysteresis motor, a hysteresis brake, a hysteresis damper, a hysteresis dynamometer, a hysteresis torquer, a magnetic latching relay, a remanence relay and the like.
In the embodiment, part of the alloy is designed to be in a complete alpha phase state in a high-temperature region, the product is environment-friendly and energy-saving, the process characteristic is good, the strip sample magnetism is excellent, the practical application is similar to that of 2J85T alloy, and the comprehensive characteristic is better than that of 2J85 alloy; in the embodiment, part of the alloy is designed to be in an alpha + gamma phase state in a high-temperature region, and the strip-like hysteresis performance and the temperature stability of the alloy are superior to those of 2J85T and 2J85 alloys.
EXAMPLE III
Based on the first embodiment, the chemical composition comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
alloying element R is more than or equal to 0.3 percent and less than or equal to 3.0 percent;
the alloying elements R comprise one or more of the following six combinations:
vanadium V and titanium Ti;
vanadium V and aluminum Al;
vanadium V and silicon Si;
nickel Ni and aluminum Al;
niobium Nb and aluminum Al.
Molybdenum Mo and titanium Ti
Based on the above range, part of typical components of the present scheme are as follows (weight percent):
the hysteresis performance level of the strip sample of the alloy bar or strip after longitudinal magnetic (2500 Oe) oriented aging is as follows:
in the embodiment, part of the alloy is designed to be in a complete alpha phase state in a high-temperature region, the product is environment-friendly and energy-saving, the process characteristic is good, the strip sample magnetism is excellent, the practical application is similar to that of 2J85T alloy, and the comprehensive characteristic is better than that of 2J85 alloy; in the embodiment, part of the alloy is designed to be in an alpha + gamma phase state in a high-temperature region, and the strip-like hysteresis performance and the temperature stability of the alloy are superior to those of 2J85T and 2J85 alloys.
Example four
Based on the first embodiment, the chemical composition comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
alloying element R is more than or equal to 1.0 percent and less than or equal to 2.0 percent;
the alloying elements R comprise one or more of the following four combinations:
vanadium V and titanium Ti and silicon Si;
vanadium V and aluminum Al and titanium Ti;
niobium Nb and aluminum Al and titanium Ti;
vanadium V and niobium Nb and titanium Ti.
Based on the above range, part of typical components of the present solution are as follows (weight percent):
the hysteresis performance level of the strip sample of the alloy bar or strip after longitudinal magnetic (2500 Oe) orientation aging is as follows:
in the embodiment, part of the alloy is designed to be in a complete alpha phase state in a high-temperature region, the product is environment-friendly and energy-saving, the process characteristic is good, the strip sample magnetism is excellent, the practical application is similar to that of 2J85T alloy, and the comprehensive characteristic is better than that of 2J85 alloy; in the embodiment, part of the alloy is designed to be in an alpha + gamma phase state in a high-temperature region, and the strip-like hysteresis performance and the temperature stability of the alloy are superior to those of 2J85T and 2J85 alloy.
EXAMPLE five
In this embodiment, the deformation processing process of the ferrochromium cobalt tungsten hysteresis alloy is characterized by comprising the following processing steps:
1) Forging: smelting an alloy and casting a steel ingot or a casting to ensure that the steel ingot or the casting is fully alloyed, pure in material, compact in structure, free of subcutaneous bubbles or loose in structure, and the raw material composition of the steel ingot or the casting is the chemical composition described in the above examples 1 to 5;
the forging process includes the following steps: and (2) putting the prepared raw materials into a vacuum induction furnace for vacuum smelting, and performing vacuum deoxidation and decarburization on the molten steel by using the vacuum induction furnace, wherein the vacuum degree in the furnace is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.45Pa, and the temperature in the furnace is controlled to be 1520-1700 ℃, so that the carbon content in the molten steel is less than or equal to 200ppm, and the oxygen content is less than or equal to 55ppm.
2) Forging: peeling off the pre-smelted steel ingot or casting, heating and forging the steel ingot or casting into a square billet, a flat billet, a bar or a section with a preset size, and ensuring that the surface of the steel ingot or casting is smooth and has no cracks and is overlapped;
in the forging process, the forging charging temperature of the steel ingot or the casting is 500-800 ℃, the forging heating temperature is 1150-1200 ℃, the temperature is kept for 30-50 minutes, the steel ingot or the casting is ensured to be uniformly and thoroughly heated, the initial forging temperature in the forging process is more than or equal to 1120 ℃, and the final forging temperature is more than or equal to 920 ℃ under air cooling
3) A hot rolling procedure: cutting the head and tail of the forged blank and forged rod, grinding the surface of the forged blank and forged rod until no defect exists, and heating and hot-rolling or hot-perforating the forged blank and forged rod into a strip blank, a tube blank, a wire rod, a bar material and a plate material with preset sizes;
in the hot rolling process, the charging temperature of the forged piece is less than or equal to 800 ℃, the forged piece is heated to 1130-1170 ℃, the temperature is kept for 30-40 minutes, the initial rolling temperature in the hot rolling process is more than or equal to 1120 ℃, and the final rolling temperature is ensured to be more than or equal to 920 ℃ under the air cooling.
4) Acid washing process: performing acid washing treatment on the preorder hot-rolled formed product;
it should be noted that the acid washing solvent ratio is: 3 parts of sulfuric acid: 1 part of sodium chloride: 6 parts of water, the pickling temperature is 60-80 ℃, the pickling time is 30-50 minutes, and then the water is washed clean.
5) A cold working procedure: cold processing the hot-rolled formed product after the preorder acid cleaning treatment;
the cold-rolled strip blank and the wire rod after the pickling are subjected to surface grinding and stub bar cutting, the surface is required to be smooth and free of defects, and then the cold-rolled strip blank and the wire rod are subjected to cold rolling or cold drawing processing to obtain strips and wires with required specifications; cutting the end of the tube blank, then turning the surface of the tube blank to be smooth and free of defects, and then rolling the tube blank and cold-drawing the tube blank to the tube with the required specification; the deformation of the three finished products can be realized from more than 10-80%, intermediate softening treatment procedures can be added according to cold working process and practical requirements, and the preferred process is 900-1150 ℃ gas protection continuous annealing treatment.
6) An element forming process: the strip, wire, pipe, bar, section bar or casting after the preorder hot processing or cold processing is processed according to the requirement of a practical drawing, and a machining process is adopted to produce elements with required specifications;
in addition, according to the molding of the element and the practical requirements, the softening treatment process of the semi-finished element can be increased to 700-750 ℃, the temperature is kept for 30-90 minutes, and then water quenching or air cooling is carried out.
7) Magnetic aging treatment: carrying out primary tempering and graded tempering processes on a preorder forming element, wherein:
7.1 Primary tempering process: feeding the pre-shaped element into a heating furnace for tempering and heating, preserving the heat for 30 to 90 minutes at the temperature of between 630 and 700 ℃, then cooling to 605 to 625 ℃ at the cooling speed of between 20 and 180 ℃/hour, discharging, and air-cooling to room temperature after discharging;
7.2 Staged tempering process: feeding the formed element treated by the primary tempering process into a heating furnace for secondary tempering, tertiary tempering, quaternary tempering or quinary tempering, wherein:
secondary tempering: heating the forming element in a furnace to 605-625 ℃, preserving heat for 30-90 minutes, then cooling to 585-605 ℃, preserving heat for 60-90 minutes, discharging, and air cooling to room temperature;
third-stage tempering: heating the molding element in a furnace to 605-625 ℃, preserving heat for 30-90 minutes, then cooling to 585-605 ℃, preserving heat for 60-90 minutes, then cooling to 565-585 ℃, preserving heat for 2-3 hours, discharging, and air cooling to room temperature;
four-stage tempering: heating the molding element in a furnace to 605-625 ℃, preserving heat for 30-90 minutes, then cooling to 585-605 ℃, preserving heat for 60-90 minutes, then cooling to 565-585 ℃, preserving heat for 2-3 hours, then cooling to 545-565 ℃, preserving heat for 3-4 hours, discharging, and air cooling to room temperature;
five-stage tempering: heating the molding element in a furnace to 605-625 ℃, preserving heat for 30-90 minutes, then cooling to 585-605 ℃, preserving heat for 60-90 minutes, then cooling to 565-585 ℃, preserving heat for 2-3 hours, then cooling to 545-565 ℃, preserving heat for 3-4 hours, then cooling to 525-545 ℃, preserving heat for 4-6 hours, discharging the furnace, and air cooling to room temperature.
It should be noted that, in the primary tempering process and/or the staged tempering process, a magnetic field of 2000 to 3500 oersted Oe may be applied in the axial direction or the radial direction of the molding member.
It is further noted that the aging termination temperature and time of the staged tempering process are adjusted according to the magnetic requirements of the application.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The magnetic hysteresis alloy of Fe-Cr-Co-W is characterized by comprising the following chemical components in percentage by weight:
chromium (Cr) is more than or equal to 12 percent and less than or equal to 22 percent;
cobalt (Co) is more than or equal to 9% and less than or equal to 15%;
tungsten (W) is more than or equal to 3.0 percent and less than or equal to 9.5 percent
Manganese (Mn) is less than or equal to 0.2 percent;
rare earth elements are less than or equal to 0.1 percent;
carbon (C) is less than or equal to 0.03 percent;
phosphorus (P) is less than or equal to 0.02 percent;
sulfur (S) is less than or equal to 0.02 percent;
alloying element (R) is less than or equal to 3.0 percent;
the alloying element (R) comprises one or more of nickel (Ni), niobium (Nb), titanium (Ti), silicon (Si), vanadium (V), aluminum (Al), zirconium (Zr) and molybdenum (Mo);
the balance of iron (Fe) and inevitable impurities in refining.
2. The ferrochromium cobalt tungsten hysteresis alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that its chemical composition comprises by weight:
alloying element (R) is more than or equal to 0.1 percent and less than or equal to 1.5 percent;
the alloying element (R) includes one of vanadium (V), titanium (Ti), aluminum (Al), or silicon (Si).
3. The ferrochromium cobalt tungsten hysteresis alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that its chemical composition comprises by weight:
alloying element (R) is more than or equal to 0.3 percent and less than or equal to 3.0 percent;
the alloying elements (R) include one or more of the following six combinations:
vanadium (V) and titanium (Ti);
vanadium (V) and aluminum (Al);
nickel (Ni) and aluminum (Al);
niobium (Nb) and aluminum (Al);
vanadium (V) and silicon (Si);
molybdenum (Mo) and titanium (Ti).
4. The ferrochromium cobalt tungsten hysteresis alloy as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that its chemical composition comprises by weight:
alloying element (R) is more than or equal to 1.0 percent and less than or equal to 2.0 percent;
the alloying elements (R) include one or more of the following four combinations:
vanadium (V) and titanium (Ti) and silicon (Si);
vanadium (V) and aluminum (Al) and titanium (Ti);
niobium (Nb) and aluminum (Al) and titanium (Ti);
vanadium (V) and niobium (Nb) and titanium (Ti).
5. The ferrochromium cobalt tungsten hysteresis alloy as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that its chemical composition comprises by weight:
nickel (Ni) is less than or equal to 2.5 percent;
aluminum (Al) is less than or equal to 1.0 percent;
niobium (Nb) is less than or equal to 1.0 percent;
titanium (Ti) is less than or equal to 1.0 percent;
vanadium (V) is less than or equal to 1.5 percent;
silicon (Si) is less than or equal to 0.8 percent;
zirconium (Zr) is less than or equal to 0.5 percent;
the content of molybdenum (Mo) is less than or equal to 1.0 percent.
6. A deformation processing technology of a hysteresis alloy of iron, chromium, cobalt and tungsten is characterized by comprising the following processing procedures:
1) Smelting: smelting alloy and casting a steel ingot or a casting to ensure that the steel ingot or the casting is fully alloyed, pure in material, compact in structure and free of subcutaneous bubbles or loose in structure, wherein the raw material composition of the steel ingot or the casting is the chemical composition according to any one of claims 1 to 5;
2) Forging: peeling off the smelted steel ingot or casting, heating and forging the steel ingot or casting into a square billet, a flat billet, a bar or a section with a preset size, and ensuring that the surface of the steel ingot or casting is smooth and has no cracks and overlapping the skin;
3) A hot rolling procedure: cutting the head and tail of the forged blank and forged rod, polishing the surface to be free of defects, and heating and hot rolling or hot penetrating the pipe into a belt blank, a pipe blank, a wire rod, a bar material and a plate material with preset sizes;
4) Acid washing procedure: pickling the preorder hot-rolled formed product;
5) A cold working procedure: cold processing the hot-rolled formed product after the preorder acid cleaning treatment;
6) An element forming process: adopting a machining process to produce elements with required specifications from strips, wires, pipes, bars, profiles or castings subjected to the prior hot processing or cold processing treatment according to the requirements of practical drawings;
7) Magnetic aging treatment: carrying out primary tempering and graded tempering processes on a preorder forming element, wherein:
7.1 Primary tempering process: sending the pre-shaped element into a heating furnace for tempering and heating, preserving the heat for 30 to 90 minutes at the temperature of between 630 and 700 ℃, then cooling to 605 to 625 ℃ at the cooling speed of between 20 and 180 ℃/hour, discharging, and then air-cooling to room temperature;
7.2 Staged tempering process: feeding the formed element treated by the primary tempering process into a heating furnace for secondary tempering, tertiary tempering, quaternary tempering or quinary tempering, wherein:
secondary tempering: heating the forming element in a furnace to 605-625 ℃, preserving heat for 30-90 minutes, then cooling to 585-605 ℃, preserving heat for 60-90 minutes, discharging, and air cooling to room temperature;
third-stage tempering: heating the molding element in a furnace to 605-625 ℃, preserving heat for 30-90 minutes, then cooling to 585-605 ℃, preserving heat for 60-90 minutes, then cooling to 565-585 ℃, preserving heat for 2-3 hours, discharging, and air cooling to room temperature;
four-stage tempering: heating the molding element in a furnace to 605-625 ℃, preserving heat for 30-90 minutes, then cooling to 585-605 ℃, preserving heat for 60-90 minutes, then cooling to 565-585 ℃, preserving heat for 2-3 hours, then cooling to 545-565 ℃, preserving heat for 3-4 hours, discharging, and air cooling to room temperature;
five-stage tempering: heating the molding element in a furnace to 605-625 ℃, preserving heat for 30-90 minutes, then cooling to 585-605 ℃, preserving heat for 60-90 minutes, then cooling to 565-585 ℃, preserving heat for 2-3 hours, then cooling to 545-565 ℃, preserving heat for 3-4 hours, then cooling to 525-545 ℃, preserving heat for 4-6 hours, discharging the furnace, and air cooling to room temperature.
7. The process of claim 6, wherein the primary tempering process and/or the staged tempering process are performed by applying a magnetic field of 2000 to 3500 oersteds (Oe) in the axial or radial direction of the formed element.
8. The process of claim 6, wherein the forging step comprises the steps of: and (2) putting the prepared raw materials into a vacuum induction furnace for vacuum smelting, and performing vacuum deoxidation and decarburization on the molten steel by using the vacuum induction furnace, wherein the vacuum degree in the furnace is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.45Pa, and the temperature in the furnace is controlled to be 1520-1650 ℃, so that the carbon content in the molten steel is less than or equal to 200ppm, and the oxygen content is less than or equal to 55ppm.
9. The deformation processing technology of the Fe-Cr-Co-W hysteresis alloy according to claim 6, wherein in the forging process, the forging furnace temperature of the steel ingot or the casting is 500-800 ℃, the forging heating temperature is 1150-1200 ℃, the temperature is kept for 30-50 minutes, the uniform thorough heating of the steel ingot or the casting is ensured, the initial forging temperature in the forging process is more than or equal to 1120 ℃, and the final forging temperature is more than or equal to 920 ℃ under the air cooling.
10. The deformation processing technology of the ferrochromium cobalt tungsten hysteresis alloy as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that, in the hot rolling procedure, the charging temperature of the forging is less than or equal to 800 ℃, the forging is heated to 1130-1170 ℃ and is kept for 30-40 minutes, the initial rolling temperature in the hot rolling process is more than or equal to 1120 ℃, and the final rolling temperature is ensured to be more than or equal to 920 ℃ under air cooling.
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