CN104109809B - A kind of high formability low chrome ferritic stainless steel and manufacturing method - Google Patents
A kind of high formability low chrome ferritic stainless steel and manufacturing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of high formability low chrome ferritic stainless steel and its manufacturing method, chemical component weight percentage are：C≤0.015%, Si0.010~0.35%, Mn0.015~0.25%, Cr9.5~11%, Ti0.15~0.20%, P≤0.025%, S≤0.002%, N≤0.010%, (C+N)≤0.025%, Ca0.0010~0.0050%, Al≤0.05%, Ti are monostable fixed：6 (C+N)≤Ti, remaining Fe and inevitable impurity, impurity element Ni≤0.3%, Cu≤0.3%, O≤0.0050%, and Ni+0.5Cu≤0.35%, other impurity element total amounts are less than 0.05%.The present invention, by controlling its solid solution capacity in steel, reduces solution strengthening effect, to reduce intensity, hardness to improve formability by reducing Cr, Si, Mn content；Stringent control Ni, Cu content, reduces the possibility that martensitic phase is formed, and to reduce stainless steel hardness and strength, improves forming property.The ratio being used in mixed way by controlling molten iron and steel scrap, to control impurity element Ni, Cu contents in steel, the final influence for controlling impurity element Ni, Cu to performances such as hardness, intensity.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ferritic stainless steel and manufacturing method, more particularly to a kind of high formability low chrome ferritic stainless steel
And manufacturing method, product of the present invention can also meet certain high temperature resistant, it is oxidation resistant under the premise of, be applied to it is other to forming
Property more demanding environment, especially suitable for making the pipe with small pipe diameter products such as motorcycle exhaust pipe or the more demanding production of formability
Product, including grain size is 6~8 grades.
Background technology
Conventional motorcycle exhaust system is made of carbon steel or carbon steel alclad sheet, at present due to the pressure of environmental protection
Power, to the exhaust emissions of motorcycle, higher requirements are also raised, domestic major motorcycle industry, enviromental protection enterprise and related scientific research
Institutes carries out the upgrading of thoroughgoing and painstaking research motorcycle exhaust pipe around how to further decrease motorcycle exhaust emission problem
It regenerates.In order to improve the efficiency of combustion of gasoline, using catalysis plum technology, catalytic converter, such exhaust pipe temperature in use are installed additional
Reach 300~750 DEG C, heat resistance, inoxidizability all do not reach requirement carbon steel in such a case, and stainless steel is with anti-oxidant
The advantages of property and heat resistance.
Wherein, what ferritic stainless steel had saves the objects such as nickel, corrosion resistance excellent and low coefficient of thermal expansion, high intensity
The overall costs such as reason and mechanical property have the advantage of performance, make it at the preferred material of the exhaust systems such as automobile, motorcycle, and
The complicated processing such as exhaust pipe pipe fitting will be bent, undergauge, expander, the processability of cheap low-grade ferritic stainless steel
It is not achieved, would have to use more high-grade stainless steel in this way, take into account cost problem, motorcycle producer generally selects SUH409L
Equal materials make motorcycle exhaust pipe.And motor exhaust amount is generally below automobile, the caliber of corresponding exhaust system also compares vapour
The caliber of vehicle exhaust system is small, in motorcycle exhaust pipe production, using the SUH409L materials conventionally used for automobile exhaust system
Motorcycle exhaust pipe is made, especially on former carbon steel welded pipe product line, often occurs springing back excessive, material in process of production
The problem of can not being welded after tubulation forming, in addition also often there is the problem of expander, expanding cracking in expander.
The chemical composition of common SUH409L is in the market：C0.013%, Si0.56%, Mn0.21%, P0.031%,
S0.0016%, Ti0.19%, Cr11.37%, N0.009%, Ca0.001%, Al0.01%, Ni0.11%；And mechanical property
For：Rp0.2, 215MPa, Rm, 400MPa, A5039%, HV125.
Meeting resistance to certain temperature, on antioxidative basis, the appropriate intensity and case hardness for reducing material improves
Processing performance.Wherein the reduction of the constituent contents such as Si, Mn, Cr is to the reduction of the yield strength and case hardness of material and miscellaneous
The reduction of prime element Ni, Cu are all good to improving elongation percentage and pipe expanding rate.
The technical solution of existing most of patents is all the method by adding the elements such as more Nb, Ti, V, Al, rare earth
Ensure the moulding and corrosion resistance of material, but these above-mentioned alloying elements can excessively significantly improve the alloy of material at
Sheet and manufacturing cost, while the intensity and case hardness of material are also improved, while to the content of the residual elements such as Ni, Cu to material
Specific research is not made in the influence of material performance.And the steel scrap used in large-scale production process can carry a certain amount of Ni, Cu
Equal residual elements, can have an impact the performances such as intensity, the hardness of ferritic stainless steel, Ni, Cu are austenite formers, are contained
It measures excessively high, martensitic phase can be promoted to generate during hot rolling and air cooling, improve intensity and hardness；While conventional element Si, Mn,
The raising of Cr contents can also increase the intensity and hardness of material, thus study residual elements Ni, Cu and conventional element Si, Mn,
Influence researchs of the Cr to the strength of materials, hardness is necessary.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of high formability low chrome ferritic stainless steel and its method, the ferrite stainless
Steel has high formability, corrosion resistance and inoxidizability good；With good with inoxidizability between 300~750 DEG C, and
And having the characteristics that low yield strength and case hardness, high elongation percentage and hole expansibility, wherein yield strength is not more than
200MPa, surface microhardness are not more than 120HV, and hole expansibility is not less than 35%.Product of the present invention is suitable for motorcycle and automobile
The economical ferritic stainless steel of the small-bore stainless steel welded pipe high formability such as tail gas discharge system.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical scheme is that：
A kind of high formability low chrome ferritic stainless steel, chemical component weight percentage are：C≤0.015%, Si：
0.010~0.35%, Mn：0.015~0.25%, Cr：9.5~11%, Ti：0.15~0.20%, P≤0.025%, S≤
0.002%, N≤0.010%, (C+N)≤0.025%, Ca：0.0010~0.0050%, Al≤0.05%, Ti are monostable fixed：6(C
+ N)≤Ti, remaining Fe and inevitable impurity, impurity element Ni≤0.3%, Cu≤0.3%, O≤0.0050%, and Ni+
0.5Cu≤0.35%, other impurity element total amounts are less than 0.05%.
The present invention ferritic stainless steel Design of Chemical Composition selection the reason is as follows that：
C,N：When C, N are excessively high in material, there is detrimental effect to corrosive nature, forming property etc.；And C, N is strong
Austenite former when air-cooled after hot rolling, promote the generation of martensitic phase when austenite phase increases, improve
Intensity and hardness so that elongation percentage deteriorates, it is therefore necessary to strictly control its content, ensure production capacity in current smelting equipment
In the case of, it is easier to realize that the content of C is limited to 0.015% hereinafter, the content of N is limited to 0.01% target below, drop
Low C, N content are also for the use reduced to Ti, to ensure good surface quality.
Si：Si is ferrite phase forming element, and when the content of Si increases, the stability of ferritic phase gets higher and changes
Inoxidizability, resistance to nitric acid and sulfuric acid corrosion resistance, but Si improves hardness, yield strength and tensile strength, reduce extension
Rate deteriorates formability, therefore the content of Si controls below 0.35%.
Mn：Mn can inhibit the effect of steel grade sulphur, improve thermoplasticity, but when the content of Mn is got higher, MnS forms easy
Cause spot corrosion, reduces the corrosion resistance of stainless steel, therefore the content of Mn controls below 0.25%.
P：P is considered as harmful element in stainless steel, should try to control more lower better.
S：S is also regarded as harmful element in stainless steel, must strictly control the content of sulphur, more lower better.
Ti：Ti is mainly used for preventing C and Cr from forming Cr depletion zone caused by carbon chromium compounds, is dropped so as to cause corrosion resistance
It is low, especially intercrystalline corrosion.Ti can also improve the cold forming capability and welding performance of ferritic stainless steel, but as the high Ti of addition
When so that field trash becomes more when steel-making, and surface is caused defect of striated etc. occur, according to 6 (C+ when adding stabilizing element Ti
N it) adds, therefore the content of Ti controls between 0.15%~0.2%.
Cr：Cr is most important alloying element in stainless steel, and chromium forms the oxidation film of Cr2O3 densifications, hinders oxygen and metal
The diffusion of ion, to improve the inoxidizability and corrosion resistance of steel；But when the content of Cr is too high, elongation percentage reduces, forming
Degradation, the present invention in Cr contents control between 10~11%.
Ni,Cu：Ni is austenite phase formation element, when austenite content increases, when air-cooled after hot rolling, promotes horse
The generation of family name's body phase, improves intensity and hardness so that elongation percentage deteriorates, therefore controls the content of Ni as possible, content control
Below 0.3%.Influence of the Ni contents to material mechanical performance is as shown in Figure 1.Cu is also austenite former, with Ni to strong
Degree is identical with the influence mode of hardness, and content is also controlled 0.3% hereinafter, and Ni+0.5Cu≤0.35%.
Al：Al is used as stainless steel-making deoxidier and is advantageously reduced its field trash.When it is excessively high, Al oxygen can be caused
Compound formation causes toughness to reduce and influences product surface quality.It is relatively difficult to control addition in actual production, contains in alloy
When having higher Si, Al deoxidations can be used less.The application steel grade uses the Si deoxidations of certain content and adds a small amount of Al deoxidations,
Therefore Al≤0.05wt%.
O：O is one of the impurity element in steel, is mainly existed in the form of the oxide of formation is mingled with, and higher O shows to press from both sides
Sundries is higher.It reduces O content in steel and can ensure that inclusion content of steel is relatively low, be conducive to improve formability and put corrosion
Energy.It may insure that material has higher punch forming performance and corrosion resistance in steel when O≤0.0050.
A kind of manufacturing method of high formability low chrome ferritic stainless steel of the present invention comprising following steps：
1) it makes steel：
It is smelted by following compositions, chemical component weight percentage is：C：≤ 0.015%, Si≤0.35%, Mn≤
0.25%, Cr：9.5~11%, Ti：0.15~0.2%, P：≤ 0.025%, S：≤ 0.002%, N：≤ 0.010%, (C+N)
≤ 0.025%, Ca：0.0010~0.0050%, Al≤0.05%, Ti are monostable fixed：6 (C+N)≤Ti, remaining Fe and inevitable
Impurity, impurity element Ni≤0.3%, Cu≤0.3%, O≤0.0050%, and Ni+0.5Cu≤0.35%, other impurity members
Plain total amount is less than 0.05%；Using molten iron+steel scrap, or molten iron is used alone, passes through electric furnace steel making, AOD decarburizations, VOD deoxidations
Three-step approach makes steel and carries out feeding Si-Ca-Ba silk and the processing of titanium silk after VOD, after comprehensive ingredient meets design requirement
Obtain the molten steel for meeting component requirements；
2) continuous casting
By controlling 0.9~1.05m/min of casting process pulling rate, reinforcing electromagnetic agitation, 1200~1600 amperes of electric current makes
Molten steel obtains continuous casting billet by continuous casting, and proportion of equiaxed grain is not less than 40% in continuous casting billet；
3) reconditioning：Continuous casting billet carries out the warm figuring of surface of band, and reconditioning initial temperature is not less than 340 DEG C, and reconditioning finishing temperature is not
Less than 200 DEG C, band temperature send 1050~1140 DEG C of stove heat of heating after reconditioning and soaking time carries out hot rolling not less than 160min；
4) hot rolling：
Carry out 5~7 passage roughing first, 1050~900 DEG C of temperature range, and remove surface scale, intermediate base by 5~
7 passage finish rolling, 950~800 DEG C of temperature range cool down and batch acquisition hot-rolled sheet coil；
5) annealing and pickling：Hot-roll annealing temperature is 850~950 DEG C；Annealing time is 150~350s；
6) cold rolling：Cold rolling processing ensures certain rolling reduction ratio 60~80%；
7) annealing and pickling：Cold-reduced sheet was also needed to after rolling by cold rolled annealed and pickling, 900~950 DEG C of annealing temperature, time
For 30~200s, cold-rolling stainless steel is set fully to recrystallize by controlling annealing temperature and time, and grain size number reaches
It is 6-8 grades, final to obtain the cold rolled stainless steel sheet that thickness is 0.5~2.5mm.
Further, in step 1), when using molten iron+scrap smelting, molten iron percentage composition is more than 20wt%.
Compared with prior art, the present invention having the characteristics that：
(1) by reducing the content of Cr, Si, Mn in ingredient, by controlling its solid solution capacity in steel, it is strong to reduce solid solution
The effect of change is to reduce intensity, hardness to improve formability；The content of stringent control austenizer Ni, Cu, reduce geneva
The possibility that body is mutually formed improves forming property to reduce the hardness and strength of stainless steel, and stainless steel of the present invention can make shape
More complicated and pipe with small pipe diameter parts.
(2) ratio being used in mixed way by controlling molten iron and steel scrap, to control containing for austenite former Ni, Cu in steel
Amount, when Ni, Cu content increase, when air-cooled after hot rolling, promote the generation of martensitic phase, improves intensity and hardness, make
Elongation percentage deteriorate, it is therefore desirable to the content for controlling impurity element Ni, Cu, as Ni+0.5Cu≤0.35%, meet soft,
The requirement of low-intensity and high flaring rate.
(3) containing austenite formers such as unwanted Ni, Cu in super-purity ferrite stainless steel in steel scrap, if directly
It is made steel and is smelted with steel scrap, then steel grade can contain excessively high Ni and Cu, and detrimental effect can be brought to intensity, hardness, and molten iron is made
For a kind of relatively pure raw material, mixed when using pure molten iron-steelmaking or molten iron (mass fraction is more than 20%) and steel scrap
In use, Ni+0.5Cu≤0.35% can be controlled.
(4) material alloys used in the present invention are (low Cr) at low cost, have higher economic benefit.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that Ni contents influence mechanical property (hardness).
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram that Ni contents influence mechanical property (intensity).
Specific implementation mode
With reference to embodiment and attached drawing, the present invention will be further described.
Can be seen that the raising with impurity element Ni contents by Fig. 1, Fig. 2, hardness and strength have it is increased become
Gesture, therefore strictly to control the content of Ni, Influencing Mechanisms and Ni influence to intensity and hardness of the wherein Cu to intensity and hardness
It is identical.
By controlling the ratio of molten iron and steel scrap in steel-making, the content of impurity element Ni and Cu can be controlled, molten iron is worked as
Mass fraction be more than 20% when, Ni+0.5Cu≤0.35%.
The present invention passes through the content of reduction Si, Mn, Cr, the content of stringent Control of Impurities Ni, Cu, embodiment ingredient such as table 1
Shown, table 2 is the technology controlling and process of the embodiment of the present invention, performance of the embodiment of the present invention shown in table 3.Pass through embodiment and comparative example
Performance comparison can be seen that steel yield strength control of the present invention no more than 200MPa；Microhardness is not more than 120HV, flaring
Rate is not less than 38.7%, and compared with comparative example, flaring rate is significantly improved, and meets the requirement of formability.
3 ferritic stainless steel embodiment mechanical property of table
| Steel grade | Rp0.2(MPa) | Rm(MPa) | A50(%) | IE values | r | HV | Flaring rate/% |
| Embodiment 1 | 192 | 387 | 40.8 | 11.71 | 1.41 | 114 | 39.8 |
| Embodiment 2 | 183 | 385 | 41.2 | 11.76 | 1.37 | 111 | 41.0 |
| Embodiment 3 | 181 | 385 | 40.8 | 11.72 | 1.31 | 112 | 40.5 |
| Embodiment 4 | 175 | 379 | 41.7 | 11.80 | 1.38 | 108 | 41.9 |
| Embodiment 5 | 194 | 392 | 39.5 | 11.66 | 1.40 | 115 | 40.2 |
| Embodiment 6 | 199 | 395 | 39.2 | 11.69 | 1.38 | 117 | 40.9 |
| Embodiment 7 | 200 | 399 | 40.4 | 11.65 | 1.42 | 117 | 40.9 |
| Embodiment 8 | 195 | 391 | 39.5 | 11.57 | 1.32 | 115 | 40.2 |
| Embodiment 9 | 197 | 395 | 39.0 | 11.64 | 1.35 | 120 | 38.7 |
| Embodiment 10 | 173 | 378 | 40.6 | 11.75 | 1.39 | 108 | 41.3 |
| Comparative example 1 | 215 | 400 | 39 | 11.60 | 1.31 | 125 | 32.4 |
| Comparative example 2 | 197 | 387 | 40.7 | 11.75 | 1.35 | 123 | 33.7 |
| Comparative example 3 | 205 | 391 | 38.1 | 11.65 | 1.30 | 127 | 30.9 |
Claims (3)
1. a kind of high formability low chrome ferritic stainless steel, chemical component weight percentage are：C≤0.015%, Si：0.010
~0.35%, Mn：0.015~0.25%, Cr：9.5~11%, Ti：0.15~0.2%, P≤0.025%, S≤0.002%, N
≤ 0.010%, (C+N)≤0.025%, Ca：0.0010~0.0050%, Al≤0.05%, Ti are monostable fixed：6 (C+N)≤Ti,
Remaining Fe and inevitable impurity, impurity element Ni：0.11~0.3%, Cu≤0.3%, O≤0.0050%, and Ni+
0.5Cu≤0.35%, other impurity element total amounts are less than 0.05%；
The manufacturing method of the high formability low chrome ferritic stainless steel, includes the following steps：
1) it makes steel：
It is smelted by mentioned component, using molten iron+steel scrap, or molten iron is used alone, it is de- by electric furnace steel making, AOD decarburizations, VOD
Oxygen three-step approach makes steel and carries out feeding Si-Ca-Ba silk and the processing of titanium silk after VOD, obtains the molten steel for meeting component requirements；
2) continuous casting
By controlling 0.9~1.05m/min of casting process pulling rate, reinforcing electromagnetic agitation, 1200~1600 amperes of electric current makes molten steel
Continuous casting billet is obtained by continuous casting, and proportion of equiaxed grain is not less than 40% in continuous casting billet；
3) reconditioning
Continuous casting billet carries out the warm figuring of surface of band, and reconditioning initial temperature is not less than 340 DEG C, and reconditioning finishing temperature is not less than 200 DEG C, repaiies
Band temperature send 1050~1140 DEG C of stove heat of heating after mill and soaking time carries out hot rolling not less than 160min；
4) hot rolling
Carry out 5~7 passage roughing first, 1050~900 DEG C of temperature range, and remove surface scale, by 5~7 passage finish rolling,
950~800 DEG C of temperature range cools down and batches acquisition hot-rolled sheet coil；
5) annealing and pickling
Hot-roll annealing temperature is 850~950 DEG C, and annealing time is 150~350s；
6) cold rolling：Cold rolling processing ensures certain rolling reduction ratio 60~80%；
7) annealing and pickling：Cold-reduced sheet was also needed to after rolling by cold rolled annealed and pickling, 900~950 DEG C of annealing temperature, time 30
~200s allows cold-rolling stainless steel fully to recrystallize by controlling annealing temperature and time, and grain size number reaches 6~8
Grade, it is final to obtain the cold rolled stainless steel sheet that thickness is 0.5~2.5mm；
The yield strength of the high formability low chrome ferritic stainless steel is not more than 200MPa, and surface microhardness is not more than 120HV,
Hole expansibility is not less than 35%.
2. a kind of manufacturing method of high formability low chrome ferritic stainless steel comprising following steps：
1) it makes steel：
It is smelted by following compositions, chemical component weight percentage is：C≤0.015%, Si：0.010~0.35%, Mn：
0.015~0.25%, Cr：9.5~11%, Ti：0.15~0.2%, P≤0.025%, S≤0.002%, N≤0.010%, (C
+ N)≤0.025%, Ca：0.0010~0.0050%, Al≤0.05%, Ti are monostable fixed：6 (C+N)≤Ti, remaining Fe and can not
The impurity avoided, impurity element Ni≤0.3%, Cu≤0.3%, O≤0.0050%, and Ni+0.5Cu≤0.35%, it is other miscellaneous
Prime element total amount is less than 0.05%；Using molten iron+steel scrap, or molten iron is used alone, passes through electric furnace steel making, AOD decarburizations, VOD
Deoxidation three-step approach makes steel and carries out feeding Si-Ca-Ba silk and the processing of titanium silk after VOD, obtains the molten steel for meeting component requirements；
2) continuous casting
By controlling 0.9~1.05m/min of casting process pulling rate, reinforcing electromagnetic agitation, 1200~1600 amperes of electric current makes molten steel
Continuous casting billet is obtained by continuous casting, and proportion of equiaxed grain is not less than 40% in continuous casting billet；
3) reconditioning：Continuous casting billet carries out the warm figuring of surface of band, and reconditioning initial temperature is not less than 340 DEG C, and reconditioning finishing temperature is not less than
200 DEG C, band temperature send 1050~1140 DEG C of stove heat of heating after reconditioning and soaking time carries out hot rolling not less than 160min；
4) hot rolling
Carry out 5~7 passage roughing first, 1050~900 DEG C of temperature range, and remove surface scale, by 5~7 passage finish rolling,
950~800 DEG C of temperature range cools down and batches acquisition hot-rolled sheet coil；
5) annealing and pickling：Hot-roll annealing temperature is 850~950 DEG C, and annealing time is 150~350s；
6) cold rolling：Cold rolling processing ensures certain rolling reduction ratio 60~80%；
7) annealing and pickling：Cold-reduced sheet was also needed to after rolling by cold rolled annealed and pickling, 900~950 DEG C of annealing temperature, time 30
~200s allows cold-rolling stainless steel fully to recrystallize by controlling annealing temperature and time, and grain size number reaches 6~8
Grade, it is final to obtain the cold rolled stainless steel sheet that thickness is 0.5~2.5mm.
3. the manufacturing method of high formability low chrome ferritic stainless steel as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that in step 1),
When using molten iron+scrap smelting, molten iron percentage composition is more than 20wt%.
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| CN106140813A (en) * | 2015-03-24 | 2016-11-23 | 宝钢不锈钢有限公司 | The cold rolling production method of chrome ferritic stainless steel in a kind of automobile exhaust system |
| CN106191704B (en) * | 2016-07-01 | 2018-01-19 | 宁国市开源电力耐磨材料有限公司 | It is a kind of to prepare the energy-conservation smelting technology of high chromium ball and its obtained high chromium ball using discarded chrome-bearing steel ball |
| CN107794443A (en) * | 2017-10-18 | 2018-03-13 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | A kind of production method of high-performing car exhaust tube steel |
| CN107937796B (en) * | 2017-11-20 | 2020-07-07 | 太原理工大学 | Method for improving toughness of super ferrite stainless steel hot rolled plate |
| CN111655890B (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2021-10-29 | 日铁不锈钢株式会社 | Ferritic stainless steel sheet and method for producing same |
| KR102168829B1 (en) * | 2018-12-10 | 2020-10-22 | 주식회사 포스코 | LOW-Cr FERRITIC STAINLESS STEEL WITH EXCELLENT FORMABILITY AND HIGH TEMPERATURE PROPERTIES AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREOF |
| CN110218852B (en) * | 2019-06-24 | 2020-12-22 | 浦项(张家港)不锈钢股份有限公司 | 301 stainless steel production method, 301 stainless steel and application |
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