CN114277282B - Copper-based composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Copper-based composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a copper-based composite material and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the field of materials. The copper-based composite material is mainly prepared by sintering a copper alloy matrix and a reinforcement body through discharge plasma; the copper-based composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 94-98% of copper alloy matrix and 2-6% of reinforcement; the reinforcement includes at least one of tungsten carbide, tungsten, and silicon carbide. The inventor researches and discovers that the tungsten carbide, tungsten and silicon carbide reinforcement and the copper alloy matrix have good wettability, and the strength and the wear resistance of the composite material can be effectively improved under the synergistic protection effect of the reinforcement and the copper alloy matrix; the discharge plasma sintering mode can realize rapid densification sintering, the crystal grains are finer and more regular than those in an as-cast structure, the crystal boundary is in a network shape, and the performance of the composite material can be further improved. Therefore, the copper-based composite material of the present invention has excellent wear resistance and corrosion resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of materials, in particular to a copper-based composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The powder metallurgy technology has the advantages of simple operation, convenient processing, raw material saving, cost reduction and the like, and becomes a key direction of attention for developing novel materials. With the continuous development of science and technology, more and more fields begin to use powder metallurgy materials and devices to meet the strict practical environment, such as precision parts applied to machinery such as aerospace, ships and oceans. Compared with the traditional powder metallurgy technology, spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) has the advantages of being rapid, energy-saving, environment-friendly, stable and excellent in material performance and the like, and is widely applied.
The traditional Cu alloy has excellent wear resistance, so that the Cu alloy is widely applied to various industries, such as automobiles, machinery, aerospace, railways and other fields, is mainly used for producing parts such as bearings, worm gears, bushing liners and the like, and is commonly used for manufacturing valve seats, threads and other wear-resistant parts with high strength in the aerospace field. However, with the development of various industries, the traditional wear-resistant copper alloy material cannot meet the industrial requirements.
In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
A first object of the present invention is to provide a copper-based composite material which is excellent in wear resistance and corrosion resistance and which can solve at least one of the above problems.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide the preparation method of the copper-based composite material, the preparation method is simple and efficient, and the prepared copper-based composite material has excellent wear resistance and corrosion resistance.
In a first aspect, the invention provides a copper-based composite material, which is mainly prepared by sintering a copper alloy matrix and a reinforcement body through spark plasma;
the copper-based composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 94-98% of copper alloy matrix and 2-6% of reinforcement;
the reinforcement includes at least one of tungsten carbide, tungsten, and silicon carbide.
As a further technical scheme, the copper-based composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 96% of copper alloy matrix and 4% of reinforcement.
As a further technical scheme, the copper alloy matrix comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1-10% of nickel, 2-4% of silicon, 3-5% of manganese and the balance of copper.
As a further technical scheme, the preparation method of the copper alloy matrix comprises the following steps: and smelting, casting and molding the copper, the nickel, the silicon and the manganese with the formula amount, and then pulverizing to obtain the copper alloy matrix.
As a further technical scheme, the preparation method of the copper alloy matrix comprises the following steps: under the protective atmosphere, heating copper to 1000-1200 ℃, then sequentially adding manganese, silicon and nickel, continuing to heat to 1400-1500 ℃, and preparing powder after casting molding to obtain the copper alloy matrix.
As a further technical solution, the protective atmosphere comprises argon.
As a further technical scheme, the powder preparation comprises the step of preparing powder by adopting a vacuum gas atomization powder preparation system;
preferably, in the process of preparing powder by adopting a vacuum gas atomization powder preparation system, nitrogen is used as protective gas, and the melting temperature is 800-900 ℃.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing the above copper-based composite material, comprising the steps of: and mixing the copper alloy matrix and the reinforcement according to the formula amount, pressing, and performing spark plasma sintering to prepare the copper-based composite material.
As a further technical scheme, the temperature of spark plasma sintering is 800-950 ℃, preferably 850 ℃;
preferably, the pressure of the spark plasma sintering is 40MPa to 50MPa, preferably 40MPa.
As a further technical scheme, the temperature rise rate of the spark plasma sintering is 10-100 ℃/min, preferably 100 ℃/min;
preferably, the holding time of the spark plasma sintering is 0-5 min, and preferably 0min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the inventor researches and discovers that the tungsten carbide, tungsten and silicon carbide reinforcement and the copper alloy matrix have good wettability, and the strength and the wear resistance of the composite material can be effectively improved under the synergistic protection effect of the reinforcement and the copper alloy matrix; the discharge plasma sintering mode can realize rapid densification sintering, the crystal grains are finer and more regular than those in an as-cast structure, the crystal boundary is in a network shape, and the performance of the composite material can be further improved. Therefore, the copper-based composite material of the present invention has excellent wear resistance and corrosion resistance.
The preparation method of the copper-based composite material provided by the invention is simple, convenient, efficient, good in safety and easy to realize, and the prepared copper-based composite material has excellent wear resistance and corrosion resistance.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a metallographic structure drawing of four copper-based composites;
FIG. 2 is a graph of Brinell hardness for four copper-based composites;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of mass loss of four copper-based composite materials after frictional wear for 60min at normal temperature;
FIG. 4 shows the wear profiles of four copper-based composites.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to embodiments and examples, but those skilled in the art will understand that the following embodiments and examples are only illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Those who do not specify the specific conditions are performed according to the conventional conditions or the conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
In a first aspect, the invention provides a copper-based composite material, which is mainly prepared by spark plasma sintering of a copper alloy matrix and a reinforcement.
The copper-based composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 94-98% of copper alloy matrix and 2-6% of reinforcement. The copper alloy matrix is an alloy formed by adding one or more other elements into pure copper serving as the matrix, and in the copper-based composite material, the mass percent of the copper alloy matrix can be, but is not limited to 94%, 95%, 96%, 97% or 98%; the mass percentage of reinforcement may be, for example, but not limited to, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, or 6%.
The reinforcement includes at least one of tungsten carbide, tungsten, and silicon carbide. For example, the reinforcing body can be spherical or irregular-shaped tungsten carbide particles, tungsten powder or silicon carbide. Preferably, the mass purity of tungsten carbide, tungsten or silicon carbide is not less than 99.9%.
The tungsten carbide particles, tungsten powder and silicon carbide have high hardness, high melting point, low expansion coefficient, good wear resistance, thermal shock resistance and the like. Has good wettability with Cu matrix and can maintain stable chemical properties under the condition of sintering.
The research of the inventor finds that the tungsten carbide, tungsten and silicon carbide reinforcement and the copper alloy matrix have good wettability, and the strength and the wear resistance of the composite material can be effectively improved under the synergistic protection effect of the reinforcement and the copper alloy matrix; the discharge plasma sintering mode can realize rapid densification sintering, the crystal grains are finer and more regular than those in an as-cast structure, the crystal boundary is in a network shape, and the performance of the composite material can be further improved. Therefore, the copper-based composite material of the present invention has excellent wear resistance and corrosion resistance.
In some preferred embodiments, the copper-based composite material comprises, in mass percent: 96% of copper alloy matrix and 4% of reinforcement.
By further optimizing and adjusting the mass ratio of the copper alloy matrix to the reinforcement in the copper-based composite material, the copper alloy matrix and the reinforcement are fully matched, and the excellent wear resistance and strength of the copper-based composite material are improved.
In some preferred embodiments, the copper alloy matrix comprises, in mass percent: 1-10% of nickel, 2-4% of silicon, 3-5% of manganese and the balance of copper.
The copper alloy matrix of the present invention may contain nickel in an amount of, for example, but not limited to, 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 9%, or 10% by mass.
The strength and corrosion resistance of the alloy can be improved by adding manganese into the copper alloy matrix, and the mass percentage of manganese in the copper alloy matrix can be, but is not limited to, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5% or 5%.
The strength of the alloy can be improved by adding silicon into the copper alloy matrix, and the mass percent of silicon in the copper alloy matrix can be, but is not limited to, 2%, 3% or 4%.
By further optimizing and adjusting the mass percentages of nickel, silicon and manganese in the copper alloy matrix, the coordination effect among all elements is fully exerted, and the strength and the corrosion resistance of the copper alloy matrix are improved.
In the present invention, "the balance copper" means the mass of Cu remaining after removing Ni, mn, si, and any other impurities when the mass of the copper alloy matrix is 100%.
In some preferred embodiments, the method of making the copper alloy matrix comprises: and smelting, casting and molding the copper, the nickel, the silicon and the manganese with the formula amount, and then pulverizing to obtain the copper alloy matrix.
In the invention, the powder preparation refers to the preparation of the copper alloy into a powdery copper alloy matrix by casting molding.
In some preferred embodiments, the method of making the copper alloy matrix comprises: heating copper to 1000-1200 ℃ under a protective atmosphere, sequentially adding manganese, silicon and nickel after copper blocks are completely melted and copper liquid is clarified, continuously heating to 1400-1500 ℃, pouring, cooling and molding after metal blocks are completely melted, and pulverizing to obtain the copper alloy matrix.
In some preferred embodiments, the protective atmosphere comprises argon to avoid oxidation of the feedstock during smelting.
In some preferred embodiments, said milling comprises milling using a vacuum gas atomization milling system;
preferably, during the milling process by using the vacuum gas atomization milling system, nitrogen is used as a shielding gas, and the melting temperature can be, but is not limited to, 800 ℃, 820 ℃, 840 ℃, 860 ℃, 880 ℃ or 900 ℃. The powder is prepared by adopting a vacuum gas atomization powder preparation system, and spherical and sub-spherical particle powder of the copper alloy can be obtained.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing the above copper-based composite material, comprising the steps of: mixing the copper alloy matrix and the reinforcement according to the formula amount, wherein the mixing time can be 3-5 h, placing the mixed powder into a die for pressing, and then performing spark plasma sintering to prepare the copper-based composite material.
The preparation method of the copper-based composite material is simple, convenient and efficient, and the prepared copper-based composite material has excellent wear resistance and corrosion resistance. In the preparation method, the alloy powder is prepared, mixed with the tungsten carbide and other reinforcing phases, pressed and sintered, so that the matrix components of the composite material are more uniform, and a more stable material is obtained.
In some preferred embodiments, the temperature of spark plasma sintering may be, for example, but not limited to, 800 ℃, 820 ℃, 840 ℃, 860 ℃, 880 ℃, 900 ℃, 920 ℃, 940 ℃ or 950 ℃, preferably 850 ℃.
Preferably, the pressure of the spark plasma sintering may be, for example, but not limited to, 40MPa, 42MPa, 44MPa, 46MPa, 48MPa or 50MPa, preferably 40MPa.
In some preferred embodiments, the temperature ramp rate of the spark plasma sintering can be, for example, but not limited to, 10 deg.C/min, 20 deg.C/min, 40 deg.C/min, 60 deg.C/min, 80 deg.C/min, or 100 deg.C/min, preferably 100 deg.C/min;
preferably, the holding time of the spark plasma sintering can be, but is not limited to, 0min, 1min, 2min, 3min, 4min or 5min, preferably 0min.
The sintering of the raw materials is better realized by further optimizing and adjusting the sintering conditions of the discharge plasma.
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples and comparative examples, but it should be understood that these examples are for purposes of illustration only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way.
Example 1
A copper-based composite material (WC/Cu-1 Ni-3Mn-3 Si) comprising, by mass percent: 96% of a copper alloy matrix and 4% of tungsten carbide particles; the copper alloy matrix comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ni 1%, mn 3%, si 3%, and the balance copper.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1: designing the proportion of each component of the matrix copper alloy material, weighing each raw material, smelting by using a medium-frequency vacuum induction furnace under the protection of argon atmosphere, and casting the solution into a rod-shaped mould for cooling and forming after the solution is completely clarified;
s2: machining each copper alloy bar obtained by casting by using a lathe, turning to remove an outer surface oxide skin, machining an internal thread at the central position after one end of the metal bar is turned flat, machining the other end of the metal bar into a cone, putting the metal bar into a vacuum atomization device, and milling in a nitrogen atmosphere;
s3: dividing tungsten carbide of each scale into big parts: the method comprises the following steps: small =2:2:1, then proportioning the powder with copper alloy powder groups according to a ratio of 4;
s4: putting the mixed powder into a graphite mould with the diameter of 30mm, placing the graphite mould into an SPS discharge plasma sintering furnace, setting experimental parameters of the temperature rise rate of 100 ℃/min, the temperature rise time of 9min, the target temperature of 850 ℃, the pressure of 2.88T (40 MPa) and the heat preservation time of 0min, and starting sintering;
s5: and after the experiment is finished, taking out the mold when the temperature is reduced to below 50 ℃, and after demolding, polishing the graphite paper on the surface of the material to obtain the designed composite material.
Example 2
A copper-based composite material (WC/Cu-1 Ni-5Mn-3 Si) comprising, by mass: 96% of a copper alloy matrix and 4% of tungsten carbide particles; the copper alloy matrix comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ni 1%, mn 5%, si 3%, and the balance copper.
The preparation method is the same as in example 1.
Example 3
A copper-based composite material (WC/Cu-5 Ni-5Mn-3 Si) comprising, by mass percent: 96% of copper alloy matrix and 4% of tungsten carbide particles; the copper alloy matrix comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 5% of Ni, 5% of Mn, 3% of Si and the balance of copper.
The preparation method is the same as in example 1.
Example 4
A copper-based composite material (WC/Cu-10 Ni-5Mn-3 Si) comprising, in mass percent: 96% of copper alloy matrix and 4% of tungsten carbide particles; the copper alloy matrix comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ni 10%, mn 5%, si 3%, and the balance copper.
The preparation method is the same as that of example 1.
Example 5
A copper-based composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 98% of copper alloy matrix and 2% of tungsten powder; the copper alloy matrix comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ni 1%, mn 3%, si 2%, and the balance copper.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1: designing the proportion of each component of the matrix copper alloy material, weighing each raw material, heating copper to 1000-1200 ℃ by using a medium-frequency vacuum induction furnace under the protection of argon atmosphere, then sequentially adding manganese, silicon and nickel, continuously heating to 1400-1500 ℃, and casting the solution in a rod-shaped mold for cooling and molding after the solution is completely clarified;
s2: machining each copper alloy bar obtained by casting by using a lathe, turning to remove an outer surface oxide skin, machining an internal thread at the central position after one end of the metal bar is turned flat, machining the other end of the metal bar into a cone, putting the metal bar into a vacuum atomization device, and milling under the nitrogen atmosphere;
s3: mixing the tungsten powder with each group of copper alloy powder according to the ratio of 2;
s4: putting the mixed powder into a graphite die with the diameter of 30mm, placing the graphite die into an SPS discharge plasma sintering furnace, setting experiment parameters of the temperature rise rate of 10 ℃/min, the temperature rise time of 78min, the target temperature of 800 ℃, the pressure of 50MPa and the heat preservation time of 5min, and starting sintering;
s5: and after the experiment is finished, taking out the mold when the temperature is reduced to below 50 ℃, and after demolding, polishing the graphite paper on the surface of the material to obtain the designed composite material.
Compared with example 1, the composite material has lower hardness and larger abrasion loss under the same abrasion test conditions as example 1 in the same test method of the prepared material, and the densification rate of the composite material is reduced to a certain extent due to the reduction of the temperature rise rate.
Example 6
A copper-based composite material comprising, in mass percent: 94% of copper alloy matrix and 6% of silicon carbide; the copper alloy matrix comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ni 10%, mn 5%, si 4%, and the balance copper.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1: designing the proportion of each component of the matrix copper alloy material, weighing each raw material, heating copper to 1000-1200 ℃ by using a medium-frequency vacuum induction furnace under the protection of argon atmosphere, then sequentially adding manganese, silicon and nickel, continuously heating to 1400-1500 ℃, and casting the solution in a rod-shaped mold for cooling and molding after the solution is completely clarified;
s2: machining each copper alloy bar obtained by casting by using a lathe, turning to remove an outer surface oxide skin, machining an internal thread at the central position after one end of the metal bar is turned flat, machining the other end of the metal bar into a cone, putting the metal bar into a vacuum atomization device, and milling under the nitrogen atmosphere;
s3: silicon carbide is mixed with each group of copper alloy powder according to the proportion of 6;
s4: putting the mixed powder into a graphite mould with the diameter of 30mm, placing the graphite mould into an SPS discharge plasma sintering furnace, setting experimental parameters of 50 ℃/min of heating rate, 19min of heating time, 950 ℃ of target temperature, 45MPa of pressure and 3min of heat preservation time, and starting sintering;
s5: and after the experiment is finished, taking out the mold when the temperature is reduced to below 50 ℃, and after demolding, polishing the graphite paper on the surface of the material to obtain the designed composite material.
The test method of the prepared material is the same as that of the embodiment 1, the composite material has lower hardness compared with the embodiment 1, and the abrasion loss under the same abrasion test condition is larger than that of the embodiment 1. After the experiment temperature is increased and the holding time is increased, the structure of the composite material is observed, and partial matrix grains are coarse and dendritic crystals generated by cast alloy can appear.
Comparative example 1
A copper-based composite material differing from example 1 in that the ratio of copper alloy matrix to tungsten carbide was 92.
Compared with the composite material prepared in the embodiment 1, the composite material prepared in the method has the advantages that the hardness is improved, the abrasion loss is less, but after the mass fraction of WC in the copper-based composite material is 4%, the porosity of the composite material is correspondingly improved along with the increase of the content of tungsten carbide, and the quality of the composite material is reduced.
Comparative example 2
A copper-based composite material differing from example 1 in that manganese element is not included in the copper alloy.
The composite material obtained by the method of example 1 had a reduced hardness and an increased amount of wear as compared with example 1, and thus it was confirmed that the increase in Mn element was advantageous in improving the strength of the composite material, and thus the wear resistance of the material.
Comparative example 3
A copper-based composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: composition a 94% and silicon carbide 6%; the composition A (without smelting) comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ni 10%, mn 5%, si 4%, and the balance copper powder.
The granularity of the copper powder is 50-500 meshes, the granularity of the nickel, manganese and silicon powder is 200-300 meshes, and the granularity of the tungsten carbide is the same as that of the tungsten carbide in the embodiment 1.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1: the raw materials with the formula amount are placed in a mixer to be mixed for 2-3 h;
s2: putting the mixed powder into a graphite die with the diameter of 30mm, placing the graphite die into an SPS discharge plasma sintering furnace, setting experimental parameters of the temperature rise rate of 100 ℃/min, the temperature rise time of 9min, the target temperature of 850 ℃, the pressure of 40MPa and the heat preservation time of 0min, and starting sintering;
s3: and after the experiment is finished, taking out the mold when the temperature is reduced to below 50 ℃, and after demolding, polishing the graphite paper on the surface of the material to obtain the designed composite material.
Compared with the example 1, the composite material has the advantages that the metallographic structure is observed, the composite material is obviously different from the alloying powder structure, the solid solution effect of each powder can be obviously segregated in Mapping compared with the composite material sintered after the alloying powder, the hardness of the composite material is smaller than that of the composite material in the example 1, and the abrasion loss is more under the same abrasion experiment condition.
Comparative example 4
A copper-based composite material differing from example 1 in that, in the preparation method, the step of S4 is as follows:
s4: and (2) taking a proper amount of mixed powder, putting the mixed powder into a cold pressing die, maintaining the pressure for 30min under the pressure of 500MPa, then putting the cold-pressed and molded material into a hot pressing sintering furnace, carrying out hot pressing sintering at the sintering temperature of 850 ℃, the heating time of 1h and the heat preservation time of 5h under the protection of argon, cooling the mixed powder to room temperature along with the furnace, and taking out the mixed powder to obtain the composite material.
Compared with the example 1, the composite material has the advantages of complex material preparation process and longer preparation time in the test method of the prepared composite material in the same way as the example 1. The hardness of the composite material is not much different from that of the composite material in the embodiment 1, and the abrasion amount is slightly larger than that of the composite material in the embodiment 1, so that the composite material and the preparation method are better.
Test example 1
The structure observation, the hardness test and the wear resistance evaluation are carried out on the four composite materials in the examples 1 to 4, the method adopted for the evaluation is a normal-temperature sliding friction and wear experiment, and the strength of the friction and wear resistance of the four composite materials can be directly reflected.
The composite materials obtained by spark plasma sintering provided in examples 1-4 were precisely cut to obtain metallographic samples, and after coarse, fine and polishing, the metallographic samples were etched with a prepared etchant (FeCl) 3 :HCl:C 2 H 5 OH = 5g.
The hardness test adopts HB-3000 type Brinell hardness tester, selects test force scale (HBW 2.5/62.5), the load retention time is 30s, tests 7 points, and calculates the average value of 5 points after removing the maximum value and the minimum value.
And in the wear resistance test, a sample wafer with the size of phi 30mm multiplied by 3mm is selected, coarse grinding, fine grinding and polishing are carried out, and then a normal-temperature friction and wear test is carried out by using an HT-1000 type high-temperature friction and wear testing machine, wherein the test temperature is normal temperature, the load is 10N, the friction pair is silicon nitride ceramic balls with the size of phi 5mm, the friction radius is 5mm, the friction speed is 560r/min, and the friction time is 60min. After the test is finished, the mass loss is weighed, and the abrasion mechanism of the composite material is analyzed by observing the abrasion appearance of the composite material through a scanning electron microscope (Phenom G5 Pure, phenom Word, netherlands).
(1) Metallographic analysis of composite materials
FIG. 1 shows metallographic structures of tungsten carbide-reinforced copper-based composites of different compositions (composites of examples 1 to 4 in the order from left to right in the figure). It can be seen from the figure that the copper alloy with different components has different tissue forms, wherein the grey black phase is a copper matrix, and the grey white bright phase is tungsten carbide particles. In the copper alloy composite material prepared by the process, pulse current is introduced between pressurized powder particles according to the sintering principle, and plasma is generated on the surfaces of the powder particles to heat the particles, so that the surfaces of the particles are activated to generate heat to realize rapid densification sintering. Therefore, the metallographic structure diagram is observed to show that the bonding interface between the sintered particles and the grain boundary generated in the particles are finer and more regular than those in the cast structure, and the grain boundary is in a network shape. The copper-based composite material Cu-1Ni-5Mn-3Si presents more twin crystals and slip bands, and compared with the copper-based composite material Cu-10Ni-5Mn-3Si, the copper-based composite material Cu-5Ni-5Mn-3Si has the advantages that the more and more precipitated phase change is smaller and finer along with the increase of the nickel content by observing the metallographic structure, and the phase change is gray star-shaped in the crystal boundary and the crystal.
(2) Frictional wear test
Fig. 2 is a graph of mass loss of four composite materials after being abraded by friction at normal temperature for 60min, fig. 3 is a graph of Brinell hardness of the four composite materials, and comparison shows that the hardness has a certain relation with abrasion performance but does not show an absolute linear relation. The copper-based composite material Cu-5Ni-5Mn-3Si has smaller mass loss than the copper-based composite material Cu-10Ni-5Mn-3Si under the same abrasion condition, but the hardness of the copper-based composite material Cu-5Ni-5Mn-3Si is not higher than that of the copper-based composite material Cu-10Ni-5Mn-3 Si. In combination with fig. 4 (the composite materials of examples 1 to 4 are sequentially observed from left to right in the figure), it can be seen that the material is subjected to severe plastic deformation during the wear process, the wear surface is subjected to more furrows, which is a typical wear characteristic of the abrasive particles, and the wear surface is distributed with abrasive dust, abrasive particles and pits with different sizes, which are moved along the wear direction under the combined action of compressive stress and shear stress of the abrasive particles during the wear process, so that furrows and cutting action are generated on the prepared sample surface, and a part of the abrasive dust and the abrasive particles are not dropped off and are pressed onto the substrate again by the friction pair for friction, so that part of the adhesive wear is generated. The tungsten carbide is crushed to different degrees in the process of resisting abrasion, and becomes fine particles which are further embedded into the matrix along with the sliding of the friction pair to protect the material against abrasion. Because the wettability of the tungsten carbide and the copper alloy matrix is good, only the falling-off phenomenon of small-scale tungsten carbide particles is found when the abrasion surface of the tungsten carbide and the copper alloy matrix is observed, and the integral existence effect is good. The tungsten carbide protects the matrix from being worn, the matrix supports the tungsten carbide particles from falling off, and the wear resistance of the material is improved by the synergistic protection effect of the tungsten carbide and the tungsten carbide.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and these modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A copper-based composite material is characterized in that the copper-based composite material is prepared by sintering a copper alloy matrix and a reinforcement body through discharge plasma;
the copper-based composite material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 94% -98% of a copper alloy matrix and 2% -6% of a reinforcement;
the reinforcement body is at least one of tungsten carbide, tungsten and silicon carbide;
the copper alloy substrate comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1% -10% of nickel, 2% -4% of silicon, 5% of manganese and the balance of copper;
the preparation method of the copper-based composite material comprises the following steps: mixing the copper alloy matrix and the reinforcement according to the formula amount, pressing, and performing spark plasma sintering to prepare a copper-based composite material;
the temperature of the spark plasma sintering is 800-950 ℃;
the pressure of the spark plasma sintering is 40MPa to 50MPa;
the heating rate of the spark plasma sintering is 10 to 100 ℃/min;
the heat preservation time of the spark plasma sintering is 0 to 5min.
2. Copper-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises, in mass percentages: 96% of copper alloy matrix and 4% of reinforcement.
3. Copper-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein the method for preparing the copper alloy matrix comprises: and smelting, casting and molding the copper, the nickel, the silicon and the manganese with the formula amount, and then pulverizing to obtain the copper alloy matrix.
4. Copper-based composite material according to claim 3, characterized in that the preparation method of the copper alloy matrix comprises: heating copper to 1000-1200 ℃ under a protective atmosphere, then sequentially adding manganese, silicon and nickel, continuously heating to 1400-1500 ℃, and preparing powder after casting molding to obtain the copper alloy matrix.
5. Copper-based composite material according to claim 4, characterized in that said protective atmosphere comprises argon.
6. The copper-based composite material according to claim 4, wherein said milling comprises milling using a vacuum gas atomization milling system;
in the process of preparing powder by adopting a vacuum gas atomization powder preparation system, nitrogen is used as protective gas, and the melting temperature is 800-900 ℃.
7. Copper-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature of spark plasma sintering is 850 ℃;
the pressure of the spark plasma sintering is 40MPa.
8. Copper-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature rise rate of the spark plasma sintering is 100 ℃/min;
the heat preservation time of the spark plasma sintering is 0min.
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